Magnetism and Matter Magnetic field at a point due to magnetic dipole

#
Magnetism : The property of any object by virtue of which At
any point on the axial line
it can attract # 2h y
a piece of iron , nickel , Cobalt etc .

l h N
S ⑫ I ①

M
M I
#Natural Magnet A natural is of iron (Fe, 01) M
:
magnet an one

=distance between the centreo

Baxial
Mo
which attract small piece of iron , cobalt and nickel towards it . =

When suspended freely comes to rest

along north-south the
magnet o the given point
-

direction the axial line .

on M =

Magnetic Moment
* Artificial Magnet Magnet : which is prepared artificially is For short dipole
"Baxial is
known as artificial
magnet For horse-shoe , , r > Baxial MoCM along S-N
=
.

eg a
magnet
bar
a
magnet magnetic needle
,
etc
.

↳) The Bar Magnet = a natural dipole which produces ⑪ At

any point on the equatorial line
magnetic field DBN Bequatorial
Hote 12,
around .
it
B , 31
+

Properties of Magnets for short dip

Br
:

l
(i) They attract small pieces of iron ,
nickel & Cobalt r

(ii) The places in attracting Bes Nore

where its power is
a
magnet
=

S ⑪N
maximum are known as poles while the place of minimum
# 2l is parallel to N-S
Beg
↳
attracting power is known as the neutral
region.
·

(iii) A freely suspended (Bar) magnet align itself in North-South

direction of earth. Gauss's Law of

Magnetism consequence of Gauss's Law

(iv) like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other MFL forms
always
⑪

Monopoles
. closed

(v)
Magnetic poles always exist in pairs: i e
.
an isolated - - loops .

> S

magnetic pole does not exist. don't exist .

MAGNETIC FIELD : The space around a magnet within

which its influence can be experienced is known as its

P = Bod
magnetic field. The line

axis
joining the two poles of a
magnet is =
Momnet JB d · =
0
known as
magnetic .

is N Nico
# Bar
MAGNETIC DIPOLE : A
magnetic dipole consists of two unlike Magnet as an Equivalent Solenoid
.

Sunil Jangra Physics = &

poles of equal strength and separated by a small distancee.
Bax
e .

g a bar
magnet ,
a compass needle etc.

m M
So Im so N

mone
M M
Large distance solenoid behave as a Coil
Im
.

k lg % ·S

Be
S N
18
lg .

TTR =
Area

⑭Magnetic dipole moment : It is defined as the product of strength

Bax
Not
=
axial

BS
of either pole (m) and magnetic length (21) of the
magnet
. on
points of a solenoid
at
large distance ,
magnetic field
I is denoted
by m() It is a vector quantity and L
is
of a
analogous
Bar
to
Magnetic field
short
dipole Magnet at axial points
it is directed from South to North pole of magnet .

om my
#
Magnetic Properties of Matter
S ⑧ * ⑧ N ?
51 unit Am
of
=

& X
↳ Matter- made of atoms -
> atoms made nuclei and electrons ·

magnetic
2l each to in atom has

·
↳
⑪ an moment
If a
magnet of moment M and pole strength m is cut
due to orbital motion
into two equal parts along its length ,
then pole strength
⑪ each to has
spin angular momentum
of each part is m/z and then magnetic moment of each

is M12
(quantum mechanics) (9 .

28X182jt)
part ·

Nucleus
Magnetic
⑭if of and pole strength is ⑪ The have
a
magnet magnetic moment M m
may
a

cut into two halves perpendicular moment but it is about time

equal along to its length, several
smaller than
the pole strength of each part is mo
magnetic moment of each
an election
the
magnetic momentof

part is M/2 ·
·
Sunil Jangra Physics