SECONDARY AUTHORITIES

VAN HELP ANALYZE A PROBLEM AND PROVIDE RESEARCH REFERENCES TO BOTH PRIMARY SOURCES
AND OTHER SECONDARY MATERIALS.

Case digest

- it contains summaries of court cases

-usually provides a list of cases for a particular jurisdiction or subject area

Treatisies- Treatises are a rich source of legal information on a wide variety of topics. They are often
written by highly respected authors.

In the Philippines, a treaty or international agreement shall not be valid and effective unless concurred
in by at least two-thirds of all members of the Senate (Constitution, Article VII, section 21). Those
without the concurrence of the Senate are considered as Executive Agreements.

The President of the Philippines may enter into international treaties or agreements as the national
welfare and interest may require and may contract and guarantee foreign loans on behalf of the
Republic, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. During the time of Pres. Marcos, there
was the so-called Tripoli Agreement.

Philippine legal encyclopedia

The most comprehensive compilation of Philippine statutes, presidential issuances, administrative

issuances, Supreme Court issuances, and treaties and international agreements, with in-depth and up-
to-date analyses and annotations of over 5,000 resources, including statutory history, selected case
doctrines, indexing, and extensive linking

LAW DICTIONARY

Good sources for researchers who need to look up unfamiliar legal terminology and Latin words and
phrases that they may encounter duing the research process. Legal dictionaries provide brief definitions
and pronunciations of words. In addition, they may also provide citations to relevant primary source
law, such as cases and statutes.