EBS 2025

I
4
 변형문제 1
※ .

. Most people don‘t equate silence with appreciation.

Values alone do not create and build culture. Living
your values only some of the time does not
contribute to the creation and maintenance of
culture. Changing values into behaviors is only half
the battle. Certainly, this is a step in the right
direction, but those behaviors must then be shared
and distributed widely throughout the organization, (A)
along with a clear and concise description of which
is expected. It is not enough to simply talk about it.
It is critical to have a visual representation of the
specific behaviors that leaders and all people
managers can use to coach their people. Just like a
sports team has a playbook with specific plays (B)
designed to help them perform wn, your company
should have a playbook with the key shifts needed
to transform your culture into action and turn your
values into winning behaviors.
People who work is always good still need to hear
it from you occasionally. Let them know you’ve
noticed they are meeting their goals.
Acknowledgement and appreciation create a
supportive work environment and keep motivation
alive. Make your appreciation specific and positive
by noting (A)
. This makes people feel good and it also
ensures that the behaviour you identify is
repeated. So, don’t just say, “That was great!"
Say, "That was great because..." (B) Both teams
and individuals need positive, specific informations
about their accomplishments. Use your imagination:
post graphs showing what the team has achieved;
mark the achievement of major milestones or
goals by bringing in sandwiches for lunch for
everyone to share or putting up balloons; send
thank you notes. When you ignore success,
people think it doesn’t matter and stop trying.

1) (A)
. 3) (A)
.
_____ _____ _____ well and _____ _____ _____.

2) (B) [
] [ ]
.
4) (B)
.

[ ]

them / perform / help / designed / to /

and / well / win

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 변형문제 1
. .

(A) The quality of news is difficult to measure
because there are no agreed-upon standards that
satisfy everyone's definition of high quality. The term
quality generally refers to any attribute, service, or
performance that is highly valued within a group or a
community. Defining quality is thus
context-dependent, field-specific, and subject to
individual preferences and tastes. (B)It is important
to note, however, what compared to other cultural
products such as music and paintings, journalistic
content is unique because it has a strong civic and
democratic component. (C)The idea of the press as
the "fourth estate" stem from the expectation that
high-quality joumalism promotes democratic ideals by
playing the role of a watchdog, providing a public
forum, and serving as a reliable information provider.
Therefore, when discussing news quality, normative
aspects cannot be overemphasized.
* normative:
5) (A)
.
→ It is _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
_____.
One thing that managers have to keep in mind is
that they should mend fences after any fight. (A)
. An opponent disagrees
with you on the issue, of course, but enemies are
ones with whom you also have a negative
relationship. That makes it personal. You can often
work with opponents and strategize toward mutually
successful outcomes, but enemies are far more
difficult and consequently far more dangerous. Try to
keep opponents from becoming enemies, and work
to turn enemies into mere opponents. (B)Find points
of agreement, and find ways you can legitimately
support them who were your opponents. The subject
of the fight will eventually recede, but you still need
the relationships.
* legitimately:
** recede: ( )
8) (A)
. (
)
[ ]
necessarily / opponents / be / enemies / not

6) (B)
.
9) (B)
.

7) (C)
.

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 변형문제 1
.

Political decisions and management decisions about

how much of any given species can be harvested
are often based on the amount of money that (A)
_____________. Profit leads to economic growth,
which is the goal of many politicians and business
leaders. But the problem with seeking continuous
economic growth is that our economy is not
separate from our environment. Everything in our
economy comes from our environment. We extract
resources from the world around us, consume them
as products we eat or use, and then dump the
waste back into the Earth. Our Earth is a finite
ecosystem, which means there is only so much that
we can take from the natural world to feed our
economy, and only so much waste that the Earth
can absorb, before natural processes stop functioning
properly. (B)The constant effort extracts more and
more resources is actually an ecological impossibility
over the long term. Our survival depends on leaming
to live within the limits of ecosystems.

10) (A)
.

[ ]

made / there / to / is / be

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 변형문제 1
※ .

. Most people don‘t equate silence with appreciation.

(A) ______ alone do not create and build culture.
Living your (A) ______ only some of the time does
not contribute to the creation and maintenance of
culture. Changing (A) ______ into behaviors is only
half the battle. Certainly, this is a step in the right
direction, but those behaviors must then be ㉠
shared and ㉡ distributed widely throughout the
organization, along with a clear and concise
description of what is expected.. It is not enough to
simply talk about it. It is critical to have a visual
representation of the ㉢ general behaviors that
leaders and all people managers can use to coach
their people. Just like a sports team has a playbook
with ㉣ specific plays designed to help them perform
well and win, your company should have a playbook
with the key shifts needed to transform your culture
into action and turn your values into ㉤winning
behaviors.
People whose work is always good still need to
hear it from you occasionally. Let them know
you’ve noticed they are meeting their goals.
Acknowledgement and appreciation create a
supportive work environment and keep motivation
alive. Make your appreciation specific and positive
by noting what was done well and why it matters.
This makes people feel good and it also ensures
that the behaviour you identify is repeated. So,
don’t just say, “That was great!" Say, "That was
great because..." Both teams and individuals need
positive, specific information about their
accomplishments. Use your (A) imagination: post
graphs showing what the team has achieved; mark
the achievement of major milestones or goals by
bringing in sandwiches for lunch for everyone to
share or putting up balloons; send thank you
notes. When you ignore success, people think it
doesn’t matter and stop trying.

11) (A) 13) ?

? ( / ) ① The Necessity of Silence for Productive Work
① leaders ② Techniques for Improving Team Performance
② representation ③ The Role of Feedback in Goal Achievement
③ behaviors ④ The Importance of Recognizing and Valuing
④ values Employees' Contributions
⑤ shifts ⑤ Methods for Setting and Evaluating Performance
Targets.

12) ㉠~㉤
? 14) (A) ?
① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤ ① discipline
② imagination
③ specialty
④ goals
⑤ positivity

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 변형문제 1
. .

The quality of news is difficult to measure because One thing that managers have to keep in mind is
there are no agreed-upon standards that satisfy that they should ㉠ build fences after any fight.
everyone's definition of high quality. The term quality Opponents are not necessarily enemies. An opponent
generally refers to any attribute, service, or disagrees with you on the issue, of course, but
performance that is highly valued within a group or a enemies are ones with whom you also have a ㉡
community. Defining quality is thus negative relationship. That makes it personal. You
context-dependent, field-specific, and subject to can often work with opponents and strategize toward
individual preferences and tastes. It is important to ㉢ mutually successful outcomes, but enemies are
note, however, that compared to other cultural far more difficult and consequently far more ㉣
products such as music and paintings, joumalistic dangerous. Try to (A) keep opponents from becoming
content is unique because it has a strong civic and enemies, and work to (B) turn enemies into mere
democratic component. The idea of the press as opponents. Find points of agreement, and find ways
the “ fourth estate" stems from the expectation you can legitimately support those who were your
that high-quality joumalism promotes democratic opponents. The subject of the fight will eventually ㉤
ideals by playing the role of a watchdog, providing recede, but you still need the relationships.
a public forum, and serving as a reliable * legitimately:
information provider. Therefore, when discussing ** recede: ( )
news quality, normative aspects cannot be
overemphasized. 17) (A) (B)
* normative: ?
① stop - keep
15) What makes measuring the quality of news ② work - keep
challenging? ③ keep - turn
④ support - stop
① The lack of interest in news by the general
public ⑤ change - turn
② The absence of universally accepted standards
for quality
③ The difficulty in accessing news sources 18) ㉠~㉤ ?
④ The overwhelming amount of news available
① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤
⑤ The cost associated with producing high-quality
news

16)Why is journalistic content considered unique

compared to other cultural products?

① Because it is more artistic and subjective

② Because it requires a higher level of education
to understand
③ Because it has a strong civic and democratic
component
④ Because it is less regulated by government
entities
⑤ Because it is easier to produce and distribute

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 변형문제 1
.

Political decisions and management decisions about

how much of any given species can be harvested
are often based on the amount of money there is to
be made. Profit leads to economic growth, which is
the goal of many politicians and business leaders.
But the problem with seeking continuous economic
growth is that our economy is not separate from our
environment. Everything in our economy comes from
our environment. We extract resources from the
world around us, consume them as products we eat
or use, and then dump the waste back into the
Earth. Our Earth is a finite ecosystem, which means
there is only so much that we can take from the
natural world to feed our economy, and only so
much waste that the Earth can absorb, before
natural processes stop functioning properly. The
constant effort to extract more and more resources
is actually an ecological impossibility over the long
term. Our survival depends on leaming to live within
the limits of ecosystems.

19) According to the text, What is the primary

factor driving political and management decisions
regarding the harvest of species?

① Environmental sustainability
② Economic growth
③ Biodiversity conservation
④ Public opinion
⑤ Scientific research

20)

① .
② .
③ .
④ .
⑤ .

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 변형문제 1
※ .

. Most people don‘t equate silence with

appreciation. People (A) [ who / whose ] work is
Values alone do not create and build culture. Living always good still need to hear it from you
your values only some of the time does not occasionally. Let them know you’ve noticed they
contribute to the creation and maintenance of are meeting their goals. Acknowledgement and
culture. (A) Changing values into behaviors is only appreciation create a supportive work environment
half the battle. Certainly, this is a step in the right and keep motivation alive. Make your appreciation
direction, but those behaviors must then be shared specific and positive by noting (B)[that / what] was
and (B) distributed widely throughout the organization, done well and why it matters. This makes people
along with a clear and (C) concise description of feel good and it also ensures that the behaviour
what is expected.. It is not enough to simply talk you identify is repeated. So, don’t just say,
about it. It is critical to have a visual representation “That was great!" Say, "That was great
of the specific behaviors that leaders and all people because..." Both teams and individuals need
managers can use to coach their people. Just like a positive, specific information about their
sports team has a playbook with specific plays (D) accomplishments. Use your imagination: post
designed to help them (E) performed well and win, graphs showing what the team has achieved; mark
( ) your company should have a playbook with the the achievement of major milestones or goals by
key (shifts) needed to (transform) your culture into bringing in sandwiches for lunch for everyone to
action and turn your values into winning behaviors. share or putting up balloons; send thank you
notes. When you ignore success, people think it
21) (A)~(E) ? doesn’t matter and (C) [ stop / stops ] trying.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
23) ?
(A) (B) (C)
22) ( ) ① who that stops
② whose what stop
.
③ who what stop
④ whose that stops
⑤ who what stop

24) According to the passage, how does

.
acknowledging an employee's success impact their
behavior and motivation?
① It has little to no impact on their future
behavior or motivation.
② It may cause them to become complacent and
less productive.
③ It makes them feel good and encourages the
repetition of the identified behavior.
④ It overwhelms them with unnecessary pressure
to perform.
⑤ It leads to a competitive and divisive work
environment.

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 변형문제 1
. .

The quality of news is difficult to (A) measure One thing that managers have to keep in mind is
because there are no agreed-upon standards that that they should (A) mend fences after any fight.
satisfy everyone's definition of high quality. The term Opponents are not necessarily enemies. An opponent
quality generally refers to any attribute, service, or disagrees with you on the issue, of course, but
performance that is highly valued within a group or a enemies are ones with whom you also have a (B)
community. Defining quality is thus negative relationship. That makes it personal. You
context-dependent, field-specific, and subject to can often work with opponents and strategize toward
individual preferences and tastes. It is important to (C) mutually successful outcomes, but enemies are
note, however, that compared to other cultural far more difficult and consequently far more
products such as music and paintings, joumalistic dangerous. Try to keep opponents from becoming
content is unique because it has a strong civic and enemies, and work to turn enemies into mere
democratic component. The idea of the press as opponents. Find points of (D) disagreement, and find
the “ fourth estate" stems from the expectation ways you can legitimately support those who were
that high-quality joumalism promotes democratic your opponents. The subject of the fight will
ideals by playing the role of a watchdog, providing eventually (E) recede, but you still need the
a public forum, and serving as a reliable relationships.
information provider. Therefore, when discussing * legitimately:
news quality, normative aspects cannot be ** recede: ( )
overemphasized.
* normative:
27) ?
25) (A) . ① Managers should always view opponents as
① ignore enemies to maintain authority and control.
② measure ② After a disagreement, it's unnecessary to mend
③ exaggerate fences since professional relationships automatically
④ diminish reset.
⑤ fabricate ③ The difference between an opponent and an
enemy is the personal negativity in the relationship
with an enemy.
26) ? ④ It's impossible to work towards mutually
① beneficial outcomes with opponents.
. ⑤ The subject of a fight remains the most crucial
② aspect of a relationship indefinitely.
.
③
. 28) (A)~(E) ?
④ ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
.
⑤ ,
, .

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 변형문제 1
.

Political decisions and management decisions about

how much of any given species can be harvested
are often based on the amount of money there is to
be made. Profit leads to economic growth, which is
the goal of many politicians and business leaders.
But the problem with seeking continuous economic
growth is that our economy is not separate from our
environment. Everything in our economy comes from
our environment. We extract resources from the
world around us, consume them as products we eat
or use, and then dump the waste back into the
Earth. Our Earth is a finite ecosystem, which means
there is only so much that we can take from the
natural world to feed our economy, and only so
much waste that the Earth can absorb, before
natural processes stop functioning properly. The
constant effort to extract more and more resources
is actually an ecological impossibility over the long
term. Our survival depends on leaming to live within
the limits of ecosystems.

29) ?
① ,

②
③
④
⑤

30) According to the passage, what is a significant

problem with continuous economic growth?
① It enhances the quality of life for all individuals
globally.
② It is based solely on the exploitation of
non-renewable resources.
③ It disregards the finite capacity of Earth's
ecosystems.
④ It leads to a decrease in the global
population's wealth.
⑤ It is fully sustainable with current technology
and practices.

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 변형문제 1
[ ]: stem → stems
[ ]: [The idea of the press as the “fourth estate" stems
1) from the expectation ~] The idea, [of the
[ ]: which → what press] [as the ”fourth estate“] [ + ]
[ ]: of which whose , .
. of which idea
, . which stems .
what
[what is expected] 8)
. [ ]: Opponents are not necessarily enemies.
[ ]: (opponents)
2) (enemies) , [ ~ ,
[ ]: designed to help them perform well and win ~ ]
[ ]: [~ with specific plays (which are) designed to help [not necessarily] .
them perform well and win.] . [be .
designed to+Ⓥ] plays
, 5 help [S + help + O 9)
+ (to) + Ⓥ] them [ ]: them → those
perform to [ ]: them .
. them
. [~ ]
3) [those+who+Ⓥ~] . those [
[ ]: what was done / why it matters ] .
[ ]: [~ by noting] noting
. 10)
[ ]: there is to be made
, [ + + ] [ ]: [~ the amount of
. what money (that) there is to be made.] .
what was done , why that
it why it matters . . , money
[there is the amount of money to be made] ,
4)
[ ]: informations → information .
[ ]: information .
[a piece of information / two pieces of 「there be ~」 be
information] . that ( which)
a –s(–es) .
.

5)
__________________________________________________
[ ]: difficult to measure the quality of news.
[ ]: [To
11)
measure the quality of news is difficult.]
[ ]: ④ values
, [ + ]
[ ]: values
. [It+is+ +to+Ⓥ] [
.
+ ]
,
.
.
6)
[ ]: what → that - [ ] .
[ ]: note however - [ ]
. .
[however, therefore, thus, hence, moreover ...] - [ ]
, .
. however leaders [ ] / representation [ , , ]
, [~ ] [note that behaviors [ ] / shifts [ , ]
S+V] that .
12)
, what ,
[ ]: ③ ㉢
[ ]: [
note .
, (specific)
7) .] , ㉢

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 변형문제 1
general specific . 17)
[ ]: ③
13) [ ]: [
[ ]: ④ (Try to [keep]
[ ]: opponents from becoming enemies, and work to [turn]
. enemies into mere opponents.)] .

18)
. [ ]: ① ㉠
① [ ]: [
②
③ (they should mend fences after any fight) .]
④ .
.
⑤

19)
14) 20)
[ ]: ② imagination [ ]: ③ .
[ ]: :(colon) [ ]:
,
(imagination) . (the problem with seeking continuous
economic growth is that our economy is not separate
:(colon) [ , , ] from our environment)
. (Our Earth is a finite ecosystem)
. ③ ..

discipline [ , , ] / specialty [ , ]
goals [ ] / positivity [ , ] __________________________________________________

15)
21)
[ ]: ②
[ ]: ⑤ (E)
[ ]:
[ ]: 5 help (them)
?
(perform) / .
①
(help them perform well
②
and win)
③
performed to perform
④
.
⑤
22)
[ ]: s(hifts), t(ransform)
[ ]: (your company should have a
(there are no agreed-upon standards that playbook with the key [shifts] needed to [transform] your
satisfy everyone's definition of high quality.) culture into action and turn your values into winning
. behaviors.) .

16) 23)
[ ]: ③ [ ]: ② whose / what / stop
[ ]: [ ]: (A) work is , good
? , whose
① . who who
② who . (B) by noting
was done
③ , what . by noting
④ noting .
⑤ (C) [it doesn’t matter and stop] doesn’t
and stop
.
(joumalistic content is unique because it
has a strong civic and democratic component) 24)
. [ ]: ③
[ ]: ,

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 변형문제 1
? .
① ④
. . →
② .
. ⑤
③ . → ,
. .
④ .
⑤ . 28)
[ ]: ④ (D)
[This makes people feel good and it also ensures [ ]: [Try to keep opponents from becoming
that the behaviour you identify is repeated.] enemies, and work to tum enemies into mere opponents.
Find points of [agreement], and find ways you can
legitimately support those who were your opponents.(
25)
[ ]: ② measure . [ ]
[ ]: [The quality of news is difficult to [measure] .)]
because there are no agreed-upon standards that satisfy .
everyone's definition of high quality.(
, You can often work with opponents and strategize
.)] . toward mutually successful outcomes(
ignore [ ] / exaggerate [ ]
diminish [ , ] / fabricate [ , ) [
] (agreement)]

26) 29) [ ]: ②
[ ]: ⑤ [ ]:
[ ]: [Defining quality is thus context-dependent, .
field-specific, and subject to individual preferences and
tastes.( ,
, .)] .
.
30)
① [ ]: ③ It disregards the finite capacity of Earth's
. → . ecosystems.
② [ ]:
. →
, , ?
. ① .
③ ② .
. → , ③ .
, . ④ .
④ ⑤ .
. →
. [Our Earth is a finite ecosystem.(
)] . ③ disregard[
27) ] .
[ ]: ③
[ ]: [enemies are ones with whom you also
have a negative relationship. That makes it personal.(
.
서지정보
.)] .
저자 박숭규
① 발행처 나무아카데미
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