Abstract:

This Project Lab Report presents the design and construction of a stapler and stamping
mechanical mechanism based on original ideas and links calculations. Both mechanisms are
driven by the same input. The stapler mechanism utilizes a vertical axis with 3-bar links with
half joint with additional 2 links of driver dyad, while the stamping mechanism employs a
horizontal axis and follows a 4-bar crank-slider configuration The objective of this project
was to create a functional mechanism that incorporates the principles of linkage systems.
Through a systematic design process, this mechanism was developed, and the necessary
calculations were performed to ensure its proper functioning. The manufacturing process
involved cutting the linkages, fabricating and assembling them into a fully operational
mechanism. The results demonstrate the successful implementation of the proposed design,
highlighting its unique features and capabilities. This report provides an overview of the
design process, construction methodology, and a discussion on the performance and potential
applications of the developed mechanism.

Introduction:
Mechanical mechanisms play a crucial role in various industries and applications, serving as
the backbone for numerous machines and systems. The design and analysis of these
mechanisms require a deep understanding of linkage systems and the principles of machine
theory and mechanics. This project aims to design and construct a mechanical mechanism
based on original ideas.
The stapler and stamping mechanisms are examples of 4-bar linkage mechanisms commonly
employed in various applications in many industries. These mechanisms transform rotary
motion into desired linear outputs. The stapler mechanism consists of a vertical axis, with a
driver dyad attached to a 3-bar linkage, while the stamping mechanism adopts a 4-bar crank-
slider configuration on a horizontal axis. Understanding the kinematics and behaviour of
these mechanisms is essential for designing efficient and reliable systems.
For the formation of this whole mechanism, we have constructed firstly prototypes of links
from cardboard for testing purposes. After that scaleup all the dimensions and constructed the
model using wood material. The manufacturing process involved fabricating the necessary
components. Assembly and testing were conducted to validate the mechanism's performance
and to make any necessary adjustments or refinements.
This report presents a comprehensive overview of the design process, including the
conceptual idea behind the mechanism, links calculations (dimensions & extreme position),
manufacturing techniques, and the final assembly of the mechanical mechanism. The results
obtained from this project demonstrate the successful implementation of the proposed design
and highlight the potential applications of the developed mechanism.
Dimensions Of Mechanism links:
 (2) Both cranks length = 4.2 inches
 (3) Coupler of stamping mechanism = 10.6 inches
 (4) Slider of stamping mechanism = 6 inches
 (3) Driver dyad link length of stapler mechanism = 13 inches
 (4) Coupler of stapler mechanism = 16 inches
 (5) Output link of stapler mechanism = 10.8

Schematic Diagram Of Mechanism:

 Methodology:
The methodology section outlines the overall approach and methodology employed in the
project, including the design considerations for selecting wood as the primary material and the
specific tools and equipment used during the manufacturing process. The construction process
involves designing and fabricating the various components of the mechanism, including the
links, joints, and slider. The overall approach of the project involved a systematic process that
encompassed design, fabrication, and testing phases.

Design Considerations:
In the design phase, several considerations were considered to ensure the suitability of wood as
the primary material for the seed sowing mechanism. These considerations included:

1. Material Properties: Wood possesses inherent properties such as strength, rigidity, and
durability that make it suitable for mechanical applications. Its availability, affordability,
and case of customization were also influential factors.

2. Weight and Cost Optimization: Wood is relatively lightweight compared to alternative

materials, reducing the overall weight and cost of the mechanism. This aspect was
crucial for achieving efficient effective operation.

Throughout the manufacturing process of the stapler and stamping mechanism, a range of
specific tools and equipment were utilized. These tools played a crucial role in constructing
and assembling the mechanism. The following tools and equipment were employed:

1. Cutting Tools:

To ensure precision and accuracy, tools like table saws, band saws, and jigsaws were utilized
for cutting the wooden components.

2. Shaping Tools:

Router machines, sanders, and chisels were instrumental in shaping the wooden parts,
guaranteeing proper fit and optimal functionality.

3. Joining Techniques:

Securely connecting the wooden components and assembling the mechanism relied on various
joining techniques, including screws, nails, and wood glue.

4. Finishing Tools:

Sanders and brushes were utilized for surface finishing, providing a smooth and refined
appearance.

The manufacturing process was executed following a well-structured methodology, taking into
consideration the design aspects and material selection criteria, with wood being chosen as the
primary material. By employing these specific tools and equipment, precise fabrication and
assembly of the stapler and stamping mechanism were achieved, ensuring its functionality and
overall quality.

Construction of the stapler mechanism:

 Gather the wood and cut it as required dimensions of components for the
stapler mechanism.
  Assemble the 3-bar linkage system with half joint with additional 2 links of driver
dyad attached. Double crank and one link are used as driver dyad

 Mount the mechanism on a vertical axis, ensuring stability and freedom of movement.

 Connect the stapler head to the bottom pivot joint, allowing for controlled stapling
motion.

Terminologies Of Links:
Double crank input:
A double crank is a mechanical linkage consisting of two cranks that are connected to each
other. Each crank rotates about a fixed point. The cranks are typically of equal length and
positioned parallel to each other. The double crank is used to run the 3 bar stapler link
mechanism convert rotary motion into desired straight line motion.

Driver dyad link:

This link attached to double crank and coupler to transform the motion through double crank
to coupler.

Coupler:
A coupler, in mechanical systems, is a rigid link that connects two components or
mechanisms together. It is designed to transmit motion, force, or power between these
components. The coupler typically has a pivot point at its center, allowing it to rotate freely
around that point.

Output link:
This is the output link that is connected to coupler which is moving around a fix pivot point
this link moves approximately in a straight line to give a desired output motion. At the
bottom of this link staple piece is attached. Slider was also made in this link and bolt is
attached to the board passing through this slider

1. Construction of the stamping mechanism:

 Gather the necessary wooden components for the stamping mechanism.

 Assemble the 4-bar crank-slider configuration, incorporating a crank, coupler, slider,

and ground link which is board.

 Mount the mechanism on a horizontal axis, ensuring stability and freedom of

movement.

 Attach the stamp piece to the slider for the stamping motion.

Terminologies Of Links:
 Crank Input:
A double crank is a mechanical linkage consisting of two cranks that are connected to each
other. Each crank rotates about a fixed point. The cranks are typically of equal length and
positioned parallel to each other. The double crank is used to run the 3 bar stapler link
mechanism convert rotary motion into desired straight line motion.
 Coupler:
A coupler, in mechanical systems, is a rigid link that connects two components or mechanisms
together. It is designed to transmit motion, force, or power between these components. The
coupler of stamping mechanism has a complex motion, one side of this coupler is attached to
input crank and the other side is slides into the slider. allowing it to translate into slider.

 Slider link:
This link is fixed with a horizontal board and allows the coupler to translate in it. Slider
consists of two wooden pieces attached on it having two slide slots. a large bolt is passed
through these two slots and pass to coupler allowing coupler to slide to slide in it and at the
end of coupler stamping piece is attached

Run both mechanism:

 Apply rotational input to the mechanisms and observe their respective motions.

 Take note of any limitations or issues encountered during operation.

Results and Discussion:

The mechanism results indicated significant differences between the stapler and stamping
mechanisms. The stapler mechanism demonstrated approximately vertical stapling motion,
facilitated by the driver dyad attached to the 3-bar links system with half joint. The coupler
motion has been restricted by mounting the pin joint in the middle of coupler. The half joint
is basically a pivot joint mounted in vertical board passing through the slider. Which is
allowing translatory and some amount of rotatory motion. Which can be removed by adding
separate rigid body which allows only translation and remove this half pivot joint. it will give
you the controlled motion of the slider allowed for precise stapling operations, but due to this
friction losses will increase which will restrict the motion of the link that’s why we sacrifice
the straight linear motion and attached a half joint. Total 3 rigid bodies are used as driver
dyad 2 double crank and one link, but double crank is considered as one because they are
rotating exactly in similar manner. So total Stapler mechanism consist of 5 links. All links are
Binary Links and consists of 5 number of bolts.
In contrast, the stamping mechanism exhibited a horizontal stamping motion. The crank-
slider configuration enabled a smooth and repetitive stamping action without the need for a
driver dyad. The motion of the slider, driven by the crank, facilitated the stamping motion of
the attached stamp piece. The crank is driven from the double crank which is driven through
motor but as a Prototype of Stapler and Stamping Mechanism, Mechanism is driven through
hand behind the vertical board, all links are binary Links and consists of 2 number of bolts.
The stapler mechanism's vertical orientation made it suitable for tasks requiring repetitive
vertical stapling, such as box stapling, pressing, document binding. On the other hand, the
stamping mechanism's horizontal motion was more suitable for applications requiring
repetitive stamping actions, such as marking documents, Stamp of company, QR code scan
pattern stamp.

Limitations and solution of project:

Approximate Straight Line Motion and Solution:
For achieving accurate vertical Straight linear motion, cams can be used as an alternative to
linkages. A cam mechanism consists of a cam, which is a specially shaped rotating or sliding
element, and a follower that follows the contour of the cam. As the cam rotates or moves, it
imparts motion to the follower, resulting in the desired vertical linear displacement.

Material Selection:
When aiming for accuracy in a model or machine, wood may not be the ideal material choice
due to its inherent limitations such as Dimensional Stability, Structural Integrity, Tolerance
Control, Environmental Sensitivity While wood can be suitable for certain applications and
prototypes. Metals should be used for greater Dimensional Stability etc.

Conclusion:
The manufacturing and investigation of the stapler and stamping mechanisms provided
valuable insights into their operational characteristics and suitability for specific
applications. Running both mechanism (Stapler & Stamping) from one motor /input could
lead to a greater reduce in electricity bill. This mechanism compacts in size, Easy to
manufacture. The stapler mechanism, driven by a vertical 3-bar linkage system with half
joint with a driver dyad, allowed for approximately vertical stapling. Conversely, the
stamping mechanism, utilizing a 4-bar crank-slider configuration, allowed for approximately
linear motion stamping. By adding the box shifting mechanism. A complete machine can be
made which staples, stamp and shift the box forward and hence performs repeatedly and
accurately. In a stamping mechanism, despite rotating the crank by a few degrees at the
extreme position, there is no noticeable output observed from the coupler.

References:
R. L. Norton, "Design of Machinery: An Introduction to the Synthesis and Analysis of
Mechanisms and Machines," McGraw-Hill Education, 2011.
J. E. Shigley and J. J. Uicker Jr., "Theory of Machines and Mechanisms," McGraw-Hill
Education, 1995.