A GENERAL SUMMARY (THE GIST ) OF SMESTER 1

TABLE 1 MAJOR VOCABUALRY ITEMS TO REMEMBER

THEME 1: MEDIA EXPLANATION

Tycoon A wealthy person who owns a lot of tv channels

Gutter press A type of press that focuses on scandals , crimes

and sensational issues
Broadsheet Very serious newspapers
Tabloid Entertaining shows , funny series
Dumbing down Giving a lot of information in simplified way
Slander False spoken statements that damage someone's
reputation
Libel the publication of false and damaging written
statements in written form
Check book journalism Paying a source to get exclusive stories or news
Unscrupulous An adjective used to describe someone who is
morally incorrect
Censorship The act of preventing others from expressing their
views

THEME 2: ECOLOGY AND NATURE EXPLANATION AND EXAMPLES

Poaching Illegal hunting and exploitation of endangered

species
Deforestation The process of cutting trees without respecting
biodiversity
Sanctuary a protected area where wildlife is conserved and
protected
Erosion the process in which the top soil of a region is
carried away by wind or water.

Greenhouse effect increase in the Earth's temperature due to certain

gases or toxic wastes
Extinction The loss of a species from a particular habitat or
from the entire planet
Biodiversity the number and types of plants and animals that
exist in a particular area or in the world generally
Battery farming a method of raising livestock, particularly poultry
(chickens), in highly confined and controlled
environments.
TABLE 2. MAJOR BUSINESS IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS TO REMEMBER

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS EXPLANATION EXAMPLES

BURN THE MIDNIGHT OIL WORK VERY HARD You need to burn midnight oil
to make your business thrive
HAVE THE BALL IN HIS COURT HAVE THE RESPONSIBILITY Now the ball is in your court to
TO DO SOMETHING save the company
DO NOT PUT YOUR EGGS IN ONE CANNOT RELY ON Do rely on one company to
ONE BASKET ONE PERSON OR ONE fund your projects. It is
SOURCE OF REVENUE dangerous to put your eggs in
one basket
BITE OFF MORE THAN YOU ONE CANNOT Starting this project in this
CAN CHEW OVERESTIMATE HIS difficult time will make you
CAPACITY bite off more than you can
chew
CATCH TWO BIRDS WITH A ACHIEVE TWO OR MORE You can catch two birds with
STONE GOALS AT ONCE one stone by gaining money
and securing your customers’
confidence
DO NOT CRY OVER SPILLED DO NOT REGRET If you fail to make profits from
MILK ANYTHING your projects ;mcarry on trying
. Do not start crying over
spilled milk
BE A PIECE OF CAKE SOMETHING THAT IS EASY Doing business in my country is
TO DO just a piece of cake because
the government has proposed
many laws to encourage
investment in many fields
DO NOT THROW A BABY OUT ONE CANNOT GET RID OF By dismissing all the
OF THE BATHWATER SOMETHING GOOD WHILE employees, you will throw a
TRYING TO ELIMINATE baby out of the bathwater.
SOMETHING BAD Just eliminate those who are
harming the company .
HIT THE NAIL ON THE HEAD DO NOT HESITATE IN Do not hesitate to open a new
DOING BUSINESS shop in SFAX MALL . Just hit
the nail on the head
DO NOT COUNT YOUR DO NOT OVERESTIMATE It seems that you are
CHICKENS BEFORE THEY YOUR GAINS OR BENEFITS overestimating the benefits
HATCH you can reap from this project .
Just wait and never count your
chickens before they hatch
 TABLE 3 . FOCUS ON PHRASAL VERBS AND UNREAL WISH

VERBS EXPLANATION IN CONTEXT

Break down (Become The car broke down on the highway, so we had to call
dysfunctional ) for assistance.

Break in Someone tried to break in last night, but luckily the

Enter a place by force
Break out
start or explode
Break away from
Leave
Break through (Be able to
solve a serious problem )
Break off fail
Break out in appear
suddenly
BREAK UP end ties with
Break with forget about a
habit or traditions
Break the news
Tell the story for the first time
Come up with
Propose an idea or plan
alarm scared them away.
A fire broke out in the building, and everyone had to
evacuate.
The rebel group decided to break away from the main
organization and form their own
After months of hard work, she finally managed to
break through the language barrier and communicate
fluently.
The negotiations broke off without reaching a
resolution.
He tends to break out in a rash whenever he comes
into contact with certain plants.
After years of dating, they decided to break up and go
their separate ways.
She decided to break with tradition and celebrate the
holiday in a new way
It's always difficult to break the news of a loved one's
passing to someone
We need to come up with a plan to address the
problem

Come up against We knew we would come up against obstacles, but we

Meet a challenge were determined to overcome them.

Turn down You application has been turned down because it does
Reject not meet the necessary requirements
Put aside end or forget about In order to reach an agreement we need put aside our
political and religious differences
Do away with . The company decided to do away with the old
Cancel policies and implement a more modern approach.

Figure out we need to figure out the issues that have been causing
Try to find out delays
Come along The project is coming along well; it should be finished
Develop make progress by next week.
Put off We need to put off the meeting until next week due to
Delay or postpone scheduling conflicts
Unreal wish in the present I lack a lot of financial support I wish I would be able
wish + simple past to find a true sponsor
Unreal wish in the past I had been too flexible with my competitors. I wish I
Wish + would+ have + past would have been more strict with me during the
participle negotiation of the clauses of the contract