Atoms and Molecules

Question. 1. Name the scientist who laid the foundation of chemical sciences. How ?

Question. 2. Define law of conservation of mass.

Question. 3. Define law of constant proportion.

Question. 4. Which organisation approves the names of elements all over the world ? Write
the symbol of gold.
Question. 5. Write the symbols of tungsten and iron.

Question. 6. Name the element which is used as the reference for atomic mass
Question. 7. ‘Atoms of most elements are not able to exist independently’. Name two atoms which
exist as independent atoms.

Question. 8. What is the number of electrons in Mg atom and Mg2+ ion ?

Question. 10. Write atomicity of the following: (i) Sulphur, (ii) Phosphorus

Question. 11. Define atomicity

Question. 12. What are polyatomic ions ? Give two examples

Question. 13. What is the atomicity of Argon ?

Question. 14. Give one relevant reason why scientists choose 1/16 of the mass of an atom of
naturally occurring oxygen as the atomic mass unit

Question. 15. State the number of hydrogen atoms in 1 g of hydrogen.

Question. 16. What is molar mass ? What are its units ?

Question. 17. Define atomic mass unit

Question. 18. The relative atomic mass of oxygen atom is 16. Explain its meaning

Question. 19. Distinguish between molecular mass and molar mass.

Question. 20. Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory is the result of the law of conservation of
mass ?

Question. 21.Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory can explain the law of definite proportions ?

Question. 22. Define the atomic mass unit.

Question. 23. Why is it not possible to see an atom with naked eyes ?

Question. 24. What is meant by the term chemical formula?

Question. 25. How many atoms are present in a (i) H2S molecule and (ii) PO3/4ion ?
1.Give two drawbacks of Dalton’s atomic theory

Question. 3. Calculate molar mass of sulphuric acid

Question. 4. Give the electronic configuration of: (i) Al atom and its ion (ii) O atom and its ion

Question. 5. Give one example each of (i) Monovalent cation (ii) Bivalent cation (iii) Monovalent
anion (iv) Bivalent anion

Question. 6. How would you differentiate between a molecule of element and a molecule of
compound ? Write one example of each type.

Question. 7. What is meant by a chemical formula ? Give examples.

Question. 8. What is meant by a molecule ? Give examples.

Question. 9. Define one mole, illustrate its relationship with Avogadro constant.

Question. 10. Hydrogen and oxygen combine in the ratio of 1:8 by mass to form water. What mass of
oxygen gas would be required to react completely with 3 g of hydrogen gas ?

Question. 11. Write down the formula of : [SAII-2011] (i) Sodium oxide (ii) Aluminium chloride (iii)
Sodium sulphide (iv) Magnesium hydroxide

Question. 12. When 3.0 g of carbon is burnt in 8.00 g oxygen, 11.00 g of carbon dioxide is produced.
What mass of carbon dioxide will be formed when 3.00 g of carbon is burnt in 50.00 g of oxygen ?
Which law of chemical combination will govern your answer ?

Question. 13. What are polyatomic ions ? Give examples.

(a) Quicklime (b) Hydrogen bromide (c) Baking powder (d) Potassium sulphate

Question. 15. What is the mass of: [SAII -2011] (a) 0.2 mole of oxygen atoms ? (b) 0.5 mole of water
molecules?

Question. 1. Write the chemical symbols of two elements: (i) Which are formed from the first letter
of the elements’ name ? (ii) Whose names have been taken from the names of the elements in
Latin ? (iii) Which are formed from the first two letters of the elements’ name?

Question. 2. Write the correct symbols of the following elements which are written incorrectly. (i) FE
(Iron) (ii) AL (Aluminium) (iii) CO (Cobalt) (iv) AG (silver) (v) NA (sodium) (vi) AR (Argon)

Question. 2. Write the correct symbols of the following elements which are written incorrectly. (i) FE
(Iron) (ii) AL (Aluminium) (iii) CO (Cobalt) (iv) AG (silver) (v) NA (sodium) (vi) AR (Argon)

Question. 4. State what are ions. Write the formulae of two divalent cations and anions each

Question. 5. Classify the following compounds diatomic, triatomic and polyatomic molecules:
Question. 6. Write the names of the following compounds:

Question. 7. Write the chemical names of the following compounds:

Question. 8. In a reaction, 5.3 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The products
were 2.2 g of carbon dioxide, 0.9 g water and 8.2 g of sodium ethanoate. Show that these
observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass, sodium carbonate + ethanoic
acid —> sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water.

Question. 9. Write down the names of compounds represented by the following formulae: [

Question. 10. Calculate the formula unit masses of ZnO, O, C , given atomic masses of Zn = 65u, Na =
23u, K = 39 u, C =3 12 u, and O = 16 u.

Question. 11. If one mole of carbon atoms weighs 12 gram, what is the mass (in gram) of 1 atom of
carbon?

Question. 12. A 0.24 g sample of compound of oxygen and boron was found by analysis to contain
0.096 g of boron and 0.144 g of oxygen. Calculate the percentage composition of the compound by
weight

Question. 13. Write the chemical formulae of the following: [SAII-2015] (a) Magnesium chloride (b)
Calcium oxide (c) Copper nitrate (d) Aluminium chloride (e)Calcium carbonate. (f) Ammonium
hydroxide

Question. 14. What is the mass of: (a) 1 mole of nitrogen atoms ? (b) 4 moles of aluminium atoms
(Atomic mass of aluminium = 27) ? (c) 10 moles of sodium sulphite ( ) ?

Question. 15. Convert into mole. (a)12 g of oxygen gas (b) 20 g of water (c) 22 g of carbon dioxide. [S

Question. 16. Calculate the number of molecules of sulphur ( ) present in 16 g of solid sulphur.

Question. 17. Calculate the number of aluminium ions present in 0.051 g of aluminium oxide.(Hint:
The mass of an ion is the same as that of an atom of the same element. Atomic mass of Al = 27 u).
5 MARKS QUESTIONS

Question. 1. Give the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory

Question. 2. (a) Give one point of difference between an atom and an ion. (b) Give one example each
of a polyatomic cation and an anion. (c) Identify the correct chemical name of FeS : Ferrous sulphate,
Ferrous sulphide, Ferrous sulphite. (d) Write the chemical formula for the chloride of magnesium.

Question. 3. (a) Define: (i) Molecular mass, (ii) Avogadro constant. (b) Calculate the number of
molecules in 50 g of CaC . (Atomic mass of Ca = 40 u, C = 12 u and O = 16 u) (c) If one mole of sodium
atom weighs 23 g, what is the mass (in g) of one atom of sodium ?