Questions on the Pediatrics for 5th course

1. Anatomical and physiological peculiarities of the immune system in children. Methods of

the investigation of lymph nodes in children.
2. Anatomical and physiological peculiarities and methods of the investigation of respiratory
tract in children.
3. Anatomical and physiological peculiarities of the upper and lower respiratory tract in
children. The causes of wheezing syndrome.
4. Risk factors and causes of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns. The surfactant
system and its functions.
5. Anatomical and physiological peculiarities of the respiratory system in children,
predisposing to the development of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract.
6. Anatomical and physiological peculiarities and methods of investigation of skin and
subcutaneous tissue in children.
7. Anatomical and physiological peculiarities and methods of investigation of the
cardiovascular system in children.
8. Anatomical and physiological peculiarities and methods of investigation of the digestive
system.
9. Anatomical and physiological peculiarities and methods of investigation of the
musculoskeletal system in children.
10. Anatomical and physiological peculiarities and methods of investigation of the nervous
system in children.
11. Methodology for assessing the neurological status of the newborn.
12. Physical development of children
13. Mental development of children.
14. Peculiarities of biochemical test in children of different age groups.
15. Peculiarities of common blood test in children of different age groups.
16. Anatomical and physiological peculiarities and methods of investigation of the endocrine
system in children.
17. Anatomical and physiological peculiarities and methods of investigation of urinary organs
in children.
18. Instrumental examination methods and their role in the investigation of the digestive
system.
19 Apgar score.
20. Assessment of the severity of newborn asphyxia in the delivery room. Resuscitation of a
newborn in the delivery room.
21. Features of a full-term and premature baby in the neonatal period.
22. Care for a premature baby. Principles. practice.
23. Breastfeeding. Characteristics of breast milk, its advantages.
24. Rules for breastfeeding. Principles of successful breastfeeding.
25. Mixed feeding.
26. Formula feeding in infants.
27. Classification and characteristics of formula feeding.
28. Calculation of breastfeeding. methods.
29. Prevention and treatment of hypogalactia.
30. Terms and rules for the introduction of complementary feeding in children.
31. The feeding in toddlers. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the child's
nutrition. Calculation of feeding.
32. Modern approaches to the organization of feeding of newborns.
33. Nutrition of children with different diseases. The principles of diet therapy.
34. Transitional condition in newborns.
35. Respiratory distress syndrome type I.
36. Syndrome of persistent fetal circulation.
37. Pneumonia in newborns, infants and young children.
38. Natal trauma of the central nervous system.
39. Natal trauma. classification. clinical manifestation. treatment.
40. Delivery room management of newborns.
41. Asphyxia of the newborn.
42. Pneumopathies in newborns.
43. Congenital heart defects and large vessels in children.
44. Intrauterine infections.
45. Sepsis in newborns.
46 Localized purulent infections in newborns. main clinical groups.
47. Anemia in children of the first year of life.
48. Hemolytic anemia in children. Etiopathogenesis, classification, clinical picture,
diagnosis, treatment.
49. Peculiarities of bilirubin metabolism in newborns.
50. Classification of jaundice in children.
51. Differential diagnosis of physiological and pathological jaundice.
52. Hemolytic disease of the newborn.
53. Disorders of bilirubin conjugation in children.
54. Hereditary microspherocytosis. Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical picture, treatment.
55. Hemorrhagic disease of newborns.
56. Hypovitaminosis C, group B, A. Clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment.
57. Features of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in children.
58. Vitamin D and its role in the development of rickets. Vitamin D metabolism.
59. Rickets. Etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinic.
60. Prevention and treatment of vitamin D-deficient rickets in children.
61. Spasmophilia. Causes and predisposing
factors. Pathogenesis. clinic. diagnostics. treatment. Emergency treatment of hypocalcemic
seizures.
62. Hypervitaminosis D.
63. Determination of normotrophy and dystrophy. Types of dystrophy. Classic signs of
dystrophy.
64. Chronic feeding disorders, causes, pathogenesis, clinical picture.
65. Protein-energy malnutrition. Clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria. Stages of diet
therapy. rehabilitation. prevention.
66. Obesity in children. Clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria. Stages of diet
therapy. rehabilitation. prevention.
67. Congenital heart diseases. classification. clinical manifestation.
68. Clinical manifestations and hemodynamic features of acyanotic congenital heart diseases.
69. Clinical manifestations and hemodynamic features of cyanotic congenital heart diseases.
70. Congenital carditis. Causes and predisposing factors. Pathogenesis. clinical
manifestation. diagnostics. treatment.
71. Non rheumatic carditis in children. Causes. Pathogenesis. clinical
manifestation. diagnostics. treatment.
72. Acute heart failure in children.
73. Chronic heart failure in children.
74. Emergency care for children with tet spells (hyper cyanotic spells).
75. Bronchitis in children.
76. Bronchiolitis in children.
77. Acute obstructive bronchitis, bronchiolitis in children.
78. Community-acquired and hospital pneumonia.
79. Pneumonia in school-age children.
80. Pneumonia in newborns and infants. etiology. Pathogenesis. classification. clinical
manifestations. diagnostics. treatment.
81. Principles of treatment of pneumonia in children.
82. Bronchial asthma. Etiology, classification.
83. Bronchial asthma. Basic therapy. Therapy of attack.
84. Emergency care for status asthmaticus in children.
85 Acute rheumatic fever in children.
86 Chronic rheumatic disease.
87. Principles of treatment of acute rheumatic fever in children. Prevention of acute
rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic disease in children.
88. Chorea. Pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, treatment, prevention.
89. Chronic pulmonary diseases in children.
90. Diseases of the connective tissue in children (JRA, SLE, scleroderma, dermatomyositis).
91 JRA. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, treatment.
92. Hemorrhagic vasculitis.
93. Chronic gastritis and duodenitis in children.
94. Peptic ulcers and duodenal ulcers in children.
95. Algorithm for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers in children.
96. Diseases of the biliary tract in children (cholecystocholangitis, cholelithiasis).
97. Syndrome of cholestasis in children.
98. Infections of the urinary tract in children (pyelonephritis, cystitis).
99. Pyelonephritis in children. classification. diagnostics.
100. Glomerulonephritis in children. classification. diagnostics. The main clinical syndromes.
101 Acute and chronic renal failure. Indications for renal replacement therapy.
102. Treatment of acute and chronic glomerulonephritis in children.
103.Rapidly progressive
glomerulonephritis. definition. etiology. Pathogenesis. morphological features.
104. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Principles of treatment, indications and
methods of pulse therapy.
105. Hemorrhagic diathesis in children (hemophilia, thrombocytopenia). Etiology,
pathogenesis, classification.
106 Thrombocytopenia in children.
107. Hemophilia in children.
108. Leukemia in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, clinical
syndromes.
109. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment.
110. Diabetes mellitus in children.
111. Emergency therapy for diabetic coma.
112. Diseases of the pituitary gland in children.
113. Diseases of the adrenal gland in children.
114. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome). Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis,
clinical picture, treatment.
115. Diseases of the thyroid gland in children. Hypothyroidism, diagnostic criteria.
116. Thyrotoxicosis: diagnosis, clinical picture, treatment. Thyrotoxic crisis. emergency care.