HA ZRAT

UMAR
(RA)

BY
D R . F AY S A L A H M E D A L E E M I
BEACONHOUSE PECHS
Dare to Answer! What was the name of
Umar’s Father?

What title he received

Name the sister of Umar.
after becoming Muslim?

Who was the daughter of What role he played in the

Umar? compilation of the Quran?
MAIN EVENTS OF HIS CALIPHATE
1) His Nomination as a Caliph
2) His Administration
3) Expansion of Islamic Empire
4) His Martyrdom
5) Importance of His Caliphate
HIS NOMINATION AS A CALIPH
• H. Abu Bakr (RA) fell ill when Muslim Army was engaged in battle of Hera
• He consulted with his senior companions and nominated H. Umar (RA) as the 2nd Caliph of
Islam
• Some companions like Ali & Talha raised an objection on his nomination as he was very strict
• H. Abu Bakr (RA) rejected their plea saying ”The burden of caliphate would make him
milder.”
• All companions agreed with him in the meeting
• Thereupon he delivered a public speech before a large gathering and declared H. Umar (RA)
as his successor and 2nd caliph of Islam
• He also nominated him in his will written by H. Uthman (RA)
• Finally he had a long meeting with H. Umar (RA) and gave him advises
• H. Umar (RA) succeeded him on 22nd Jamadi ul Aakhir, 13th AH
• The term “Ameer ul Momineen” – The Leader of Believers – was used first time for him
ADMINISTRATION OF HAZRAT UMAR’S
CALIPHATE
 PAST PAPER QUESTION
• QJ2011/P2/3
(a) Write a detailed account of the administrative measures
put in place by ‘Umar during his caliphate. [10]
(b) ‘‘Umar’s caliphate is regarded as the golden period of early
Islamic history. ’Discuss. [4]
1) Majlis e Shura [House
of Consultation]

a. Majlis e Khas -
headed by Muhajireen
& Ansar – held on
every important
occasion
b. Majlis e Aam - headed
by other Muslims from
different towns – held
twice in a year
2) Division of Islamic Empire
a. Divided the whole Empire into12 Provinces and further into 100 districts
b. Each Province had a Governor [Wali], Tax Collector [Aamil], Judge [Qazi] and
Police
c. All appointments were made in written with their JD
3) New Departments
a. Education
b. Police
c. Finance called Dewan
a. Resources for Dewan were Zakat, Jizya, Khiraj, Fay, Zakat on
Horses
 4)Town Planning
a. Due to increasing number of people
b. New Provinces were founded
c. Like Kufa , Basra, Fustat
4) Judiciary System
a. Judges were given salary first time
[H. Ameer Muawiyah (RA) was
given highest salary]
b. They were free to solve the cases
without any fear
c. H. Umar (RA) was also brought
before the judge as an accused
6) Army
a) Maintained his army with many facilities
b) Divided into 2 category
a) Cavalry [Army on Rides]
b) Infantry [Army on Foot]
7)Islamic Calendar
a) Suggested by H. Ali (RA)
b) Started from the migration of the Prophet (pbuh) to
Madinah
8) Allowances
a) To raise the living standard of his
citizens
b) Child Allowance, Unemployment
Allowance, Old Pension etc.

9) Stipends
 Surplus amount was utilized in 3 ways
a) To the closed family members of the
Prophet (pbuh)
b) To early converts of Islam
c) To those who rendered Military Services
10) Farmers
a) They were given loans from the
state
b) Lands were utilized
HIS ADMINISTRATION
 Most of his administrative polices were new
 First time introduced and practiced by him
 They are known “Awliat e Umar” ‫اولیات عمر‬
OR
Initiations of Umar (RA)
 They are 41 in number
EXPANSION OF ISLAMIC EMPIRE
EXPANSION OF ISLAMIC EMPIRE

AG A I N S T P E R S I A N E M P I R E AG A I N S T RO M A N E M P I R E
• Battle of Namaraq 13 AH • Battle of Yarmuk 15 AH
• Battle of Jasr / Bridge 13 AH • Conquest of Damascus 16 AH
• Battle of Buwaib 13 AH • Battle of Jordan 17 AH
• Battle of Qadsia 14 AH • Fall of Jerusalem 17 AH
• Conquest of Madain 14 AH • Conquest of Egypt 20 AH

C AU S E S : 1 . P R E AC H I N G I S L A M 2 . R E M OV I N G C O N S P I R AC Y
AG A I N S T I S L A M
BATTLE OF QADSIA [14 A.H]
• Muslim Commander: H. Saad bin Abi Waqas (R.A) [Uncle of the Prophet (pbuh)]
• Muslim Army: 28,000
• Persian Commander: Rustam
• Persian Army: 1,20,000
• Muslim Ambassador was insulted by Rustam
• A fierce battle took place – continued for 3 days
• Qaqa & Abu Mahjan palyed a vital role against Persian
• Rustam was killed by Hilal
• 30, 000 Persians were killed
• 6,000 Muslims got the martyrdom
• Allah granted victory
BATTLE OF YARMUK [15 A.H]
• Muslim Commander: H. Khalid bin Waleed (RA) – The First Commander
H. Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (RA)
• Muslim Army: 40,000
• Roman Commander: Mahan
• Roman Army: 260,000
• A fierce battle took place – continued for 6 days
• Muslim women also participated – to encourage Muslims
• About 1 lac Romans were killed
• 3,000 Muslims got the martyrdom including Ikrama b. Abu Jahal & Sohail b. Amr
• Allah granted victory
 STORY
TIME
SAC RI FI C E OF G I RL S I N RI VER NI L E
FALL OF EGYPT
• Egyptians used to practice inhuman custom at that time
• They would sacrifice a girl into River Nile to please it
• After the Conquest of Egypt the level of water of Nile was very low
• They demanded H. Amr bin Aas for the sacrifice
• The Governor wrote a letter to the Caliph who replied in following:

“ From Umar, the servant of Allah and Amir of Believers to the

River Nile of Egypt.
O Nile! If you flow of your own desire, we don not need you.
If you flow by the order of Allah, we pray to Him to keep
you flowing.”
 KILLED HIM DURING
F A J A R P R AY E R W I T H THE MURDERER
HIS POISONOUS KILLED HIMSELF
DRAG G ER

MARTYRDOM OF H.
UMAR
D I E D O N 1 ST
M U H A R R A M 2 4 TH A H A PA N E L O F 6
C O M PA N I O N S W A S
BURIED BESIDE THE
PROPHET (PBUH)
(RA) MADE BY H. UMAR
( R A ) TO C H O O S E N E W
CALIPH

K I L L E D B Y A P E R S I A N S L AV E , F E R O Z K N OW N
AS ABU LULU
 PAST PAPER QUESTION
• QJ2009/P2/3
• (a) Trace the expansion of the Islamic empire under the rule
of the caliph ‘Umar. [10]
• (b) What does the way he died tell us about his character?
[4]
 FREE FROM P UNC TUAL I N HI S
N E P OT I S M D U T I E S A S H E WA S
L E A D I N G P R AY E R AT
A S H E D I D N OT THE TIME OF HIS
N O M I N AT E H I S S O N I N M A RT Y R D O M
PA N E L O F 6 P E O P L E

LESSONS FROM
HIS
F I R M FA I T H I N A L L A H WITHOUT SECURITY
G UARD

MARTYRDOM
FA I R D E A L I N G , N O E V E N AT H I S D E AT H
MISUSE OF HIS SOUGHT THE PERMISSION
O F H . AY E S H A ( R A ) T O B E
AUTHORITY AND BURIED BESIDE THE
P OW E R PROPHET (PBUH)
 SIMPLICITY
U S E D TO W E A R
C O U R AG E SINCERITY PAT C H E D C L O T H E S

FREE FROM IMPO RTANCE

P U N C T UA L I N H I S
OF HIS
N E P OT I S M
A S H E D I D N OT DUTIES
C A L I P H AT E
N O M I N AT E H I S S O N I N
PA N E L O F 6 P E O P L E

FA I R D E A L I N G , N O E V E N AT H I S D E AT H
MISUSE OF HIS SOUGHT THE PERMISSION
AUTHORITY AND O F H . AY E S H A ( R A ) T O B E
P OW E R BURIED BESIDE THE
PROPHET (PBUH)