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JEE Mains Check Important

Chemistry Formulas List
Formulas
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Topic - 1: Stoichiometry
● 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 ÷ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
● 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 ÷ 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑔)
● 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑛 ÷ (𝑛 + 𝑁)
● 𝑂𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 − 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
● 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 ÷ 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
● Equivalent Mass for Acids is 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 ÷ 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
● 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 ÷ 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
● 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 ∗ 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
● At Equivalence Point 𝑁1 𝑉1 = 𝑁2 𝑉2
● Hardness in Parts per Million is given by 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 ÷ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 ∗ 106

Topic - 2: Gaseous State

𝑇𝐶 𝑇𝐾 −273 𝑇𝐹
● Temperature Scale = =
100 100 180
● Boyle’s Law at constant Temperature is 𝑃𝑉 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
● Charles Law at constant Pressure is 𝑉/𝑇 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
● Gay-Lussac’s Law at constant Volume is 𝑃/𝑇 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
● Ideal Gas Equation 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
● Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure 𝑃 = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑝𝑖
● Average Molar Mass of a Gaseous Mixture is 𝑀 = ∑𝑛𝑘=1 𝑛𝑘 𝑀𝑘 ÷ ∑𝑛𝑘=1 𝑛𝑘
● Graham’s Law of Diffusion is 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∝ 1/√𝜌
● Average Kinetic Energy of One Mole is 3𝑅𝑇/2
● Root Mean Square Speed 𝑣𝑅𝑀𝑆 = √3𝑅𝑇/𝑀
● Average Speed of gas particles 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 = √3𝑅𝑇/𝜋𝑀
● Most Probable Speed 𝑣𝑀𝑃 = √2𝑅𝑇/𝑀
𝑎𝑛2
● Van der Waals Equation ( 𝑃+ )( 𝑉 − 𝑛𝑏 ) = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
𝑉2
● Critical Constants are 𝑉𝑐 = 3𝑏, 𝑃𝑐 = 𝑎/27𝑏 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇𝑐 = 8𝑎/(27𝑅𝑏)

Topic - 3: Chemical Equilibrium

● 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
● Equilibrium Constant 𝐾𝐶 = [ 𝐶 ]𝑐 [ 𝐷 ]𝑑 ÷ [ 𝐴 ]𝑎 [ 𝐵 ]𝑏
● Equilibrium Constant 𝐾𝑃 = [ 𝑝𝐶 ]𝑐 [ 𝑝𝐷 ]𝑑 ÷ [ 𝑝𝐴 ]𝑎 [ 𝑝𝐵 ]𝑏
● Equilibrium Constant 𝐾𝑋 = 𝑥𝐶 𝑐 𝑥𝐷 𝑑 ÷ 𝑥𝐴 𝑎 𝑥𝐵 𝑏
● 𝐾𝑃 = 𝐾𝐶 (𝑅𝑇) 𝛥𝑛 and 𝐾𝑃 = 𝐾𝑋 ∗ 𝑃 𝛥𝑛
𝐾 𝛥𝐻 1 1
Enthalpy of Reaction is given by 𝑙𝑛 2 =
●
𝐾! 𝑅 [ 𝑇1 − 𝑇2 ]
● Gibbs Free Energy 𝛥𝐺 0 = −𝑅𝑇 𝑙𝑛 𝐾
● 𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑉𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑠 ÷ 𝑉𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2 𝑂
● Gibbs Free Energy in terms of Reaction Quotient is 𝛥𝐺 = 𝛥𝐺 0 + 𝑅𝑇 𝑙𝑛 𝑄

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Topic - 4: Ionic Equilibrium

● Ostwald Dilution Law 𝐾𝑎 = 𝐶𝛼 2 /(1 − 𝛼) where 𝛼 is the Dissociation Constant
● When 𝛼 <<< 1 then 𝛼 = √𝐾𝑎 /𝐶
● 𝑝𝐻 = − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ 𝐻 + ], 𝑝𝑂𝐻 = − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ 𝑂𝐻 − ], 𝑝𝐾𝑎 = − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝐾𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝐾𝑏 = − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝐾𝑏
● For a mixture of two strong acids [ 𝐻 + ] = ( 𝑁1 𝑉1 + 𝑁2 𝑉2 ) ÷ ( 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 )
● For a mixture of two strong bases [ 𝑂𝐻 − ] = ( 𝑁1 𝑉1 + 𝑁2 𝑉2 ) ÷ ( 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 )
+ − | 𝑁1 𝑉1 −𝑁2 𝑉2 |
● For a mixture of strong acid and a strong base [𝐻 ]𝑜𝑟 [𝑂𝐻 ] =
𝑉1 +𝑉2
𝐾 𝐶
● Relative Strength of two acids is √ 𝑎1 1
𝐾𝑎2 𝐶2
● Salt Hydrolysis of weak acid and strong base is 𝑝𝐻 = 7 + (1/2)[ 𝑝𝐾𝑎 +𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝐶 ]
● Salt Hydrolysis of strong acid and weak base is 𝑝𝐻 = 7 − (1/2)[ 𝑝𝐾𝑎 +𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝐶 ]
● Salt Hydrolysis of weak acid and weak base is 𝑝𝐻 = 7 + (1/2)[ 𝑝𝐾𝑎 − 𝑝𝐾𝑏 ]
[ 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑡 ]
● For Acidic Buffer 𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾𝑎 +𝑙𝑜𝑔
[ 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑 ]
[ 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑡 ]
● For Acidic Buffer 𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾𝑏 +𝑙𝑜𝑔
[ 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒]
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
● Solubility Product 𝐾𝑆𝑃 = 𝑥 𝑦 𝑠

Topic - 5: Thermal Chemistry and Thermodynamics

● Change in Standard Enthalpy is 𝛥𝐻 0 = 𝐶𝑃 𝛥𝑇
● For a Chemical Reaction 𝛥𝐻(𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) = 𝛥𝐻(𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡) − 𝛥𝐻(𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠)
● Kirchhoff’s Equation at constant Pressure is 𝛥𝐻2 0 = 𝛥𝐻1 0 + 𝛥𝐶𝑃 ( 𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) where 𝛥𝐶𝑃 =
𝛥𝐶𝑃 (𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠) − 𝛥𝐶𝑃 (𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠)
0 0 𝑇
● Kirchhoff’s Equation at constant Volume is 𝛥𝐸2 = 𝛥𝐸1 + ∫𝑇 2 𝛥𝐶𝑉 𝑑𝑇
1
● Enthalpy of reaction from the Enthaly of Formation (where 𝑐𝑖 is the stoichiometric coefficient) is
0 0 0
𝛥𝐻𝑟 = ∑𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑐𝑖( 𝛥𝐻𝑓,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠 )𝑖 − ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑐𝑖( 𝛥𝐻𝑓,𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 )𝑖
0 0 0
● Resonance Energy is 𝛥𝐻 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝛥𝐻 𝑓,𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 − 𝛥𝐻 𝑓,𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
● First Law of Thrmodynamics 𝛥𝑈 = 𝑞 + 𝑤
● Law of Equipartition of Energy for Ideal Gas 𝑈 = (𝑓/2)𝑛𝑅𝑇
𝑅
● Molar Heat Capacity at constant Volume is 𝐶𝑉 =
𝛾−1
𝛾𝑅
● Molar Heat Capacity at constant Pressure is 𝐶𝑃 =
𝛾−1
● Second Law of Thermodynamics 𝛥𝑆(𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒) = 𝛥𝑆(𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚) + 𝛥𝑆(𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) > 0
𝐵 𝑑𝑞𝑟𝑒𝑣
● Entropy 𝛥𝑆𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 = ∫𝐴
𝑇
𝑇 𝑉
● Entropy of an Ideal Gas is 𝛥𝑆𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 = 𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑙𝑛 2 + 𝑛𝑅 𝑙𝑛 2
𝑇1 𝑉1
● Gibbs Free Energy for a system is 𝛥𝐺 = 𝛥𝐻 − 𝑇𝛥𝑆

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Topic - 6: Electrochemistry
● For an Electrode 𝑂𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 + 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 0
● 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑒 − 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒
● 𝐸 0 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑒 − 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒
● Gibbs Free Energy 𝛥𝐺 = −𝑛𝐹𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 and 𝛥𝐺 0 = −𝑛𝐹𝐸 0 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙
0 0.0591
● Nernst Equation 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 𝐸 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑄
𝑛
0 𝑅𝑇 1
● Nernst Equation for an Electrode is 𝐸 = 𝐸 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑛+
𝑛𝐹 [𝑀 ]
● Faraday’s Law of Electrolysis are 𝑊 = 𝑍𝐼𝑡 and 𝑊 ∝ 𝐸
0
● Condition for the simultaneous deposition of Copper and Iron on cathode𝐸 𝐶𝑢2+ /𝐶𝑢 −

𝐸 0 𝐹𝑒 2+/𝐹𝑒 = 0.02955(𝑙𝑜𝑔 [𝐹𝑒 2+ ] −𝑙𝑜𝑔 [𝐶𝑢2+ ])

● 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 1/𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 1/𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
● Equivalent Conductance 𝜆𝐸 = 1000𝐾/𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦
● Molar Conductance 𝜆𝑚 = 1000𝐾/𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦
● Kohlrausch’s Law for Strong Electrolyte is 𝜆0 𝑀 = 𝜆∞ 𝑀 − 𝑏√𝑐
● Kohlrausch’s Law for Strong Electrolyte is 𝜆∞ = 𝑛+ 𝜆∞ + + 𝑛− 𝜆∞ −

Topic - 7: Solutions and Colligative Properties

● Osmotic Pressure 𝜋 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ

● Van't-Hoff Formula 𝜋 = 𝐶𝑅𝑇 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇/𝑉
● Osmotic Pressure of a mixture is 𝜋 = ( 𝜋1 𝑉1 + 𝜋2 𝑉2 ) ÷ (𝑉1 + 𝑉2 )
● Van’t-Hoff Correction 𝑖 = 𝑂𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 ÷ 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦
● For Degree of Dissociation 𝑖 = 1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝛼
● For Degree of Association 𝑖 = 1 + (1/𝑛 − 1)𝛽
𝑃−𝑃𝑠 𝑛
● Raoult’s Law = 𝑖 or 𝑝 = 𝑝0 𝑥
𝑃𝑠 𝑁
● Elevation in Boiling Point 𝛥𝑇𝑏 = 𝑖𝐾𝑏 𝑚
● Depression in Freezing Point 𝛥𝑇𝑓 = 𝑖𝐾𝑓 𝑚
● Raoult’s Law for binary mixture of volatile liquids is 𝑃 = 𝑃0𝐴 𝑋𝐴 + 𝑃0 𝐵 𝑋𝐵
● Henry’s Law 𝑝 = 𝐻 ∗ 𝑚

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