Animal Farm

（中文导读英文版）
Animal Farm
动物庄园
[英] 乔治·奥威尔著
王勋纪飞等编译
清华大学出版社
北京
内容简介
这是一部政治寓言体小说，故事描述了一场“动物主义”革命的酝酿、兴起和最终蜕变。
一个农庄的动物不堪人类主人的压迫，在猪的带领下起来反抗，赶走了农庄主，牲畜们实现了
“当家作主”的愿望，农场更名为“动物庄园”，奉行“所有动物一律平等”。之后，两只处于
领导地位的猪为了权力而互相倾轧，胜利者一方宣布另一方是叛徒、内奸。此后，获取了领导
权的猪拥有了越来越大的权力，成为新的特权阶级；动物们稍有不满，便会招致血腥的清洗；
农庄的理想被修正为“有的动物较之其他动物更为平等”，动物们又回复到从前的悲惨状况。
该书自出版以来，已被译成世界上六十多种语言，此外还被改编成电影、话剧等。无论作
为语言学习的课本，还是作为通俗的文学读本，本书对当代中国的读者，特别是青少年都将产
生积极的影响。为了使读者能够了解英文故事概况，进而提高阅读速度和阅读水平，在每章的
开始部分增加了中文导读。
本书封面贴有清华大学出版社防伪标签，无标签者不得销售。
版权所有，侵权必究。侵权举报电话：010-62782989 13701121933
图书在版编目（CIP）数据
动物庄园=Animal Farm：中文导读英文版/ （英）奥威尔（Orwell，G.）

，著；王勋，
纪飞等编译. —北京：清华大学出版社，2010.8
ISBN 978-7-302-22727-4
Ⅰ. ①动… Ⅱ ①奥…②王… ③纪… Ⅲ. ①英语 – 语言读物 ②中篇小说 – 英国

– 现代 Ⅳ. ①H319.4：Ⅰ
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前
言
乔治·奥威尔（George Orwell，1903—1950），原名艾里克·阿瑟·布
莱尔（Eric Arthur Blair），英国著名小说家、散文家、评论家。
奥威尔于 1903 年 6 月 25 日出生在印度，出身于一个没落的有产家庭，
父亲是英帝国在印度的一个职位低下的文职官员。奥威尔自幼体弱多病，
但天资聪颖，11 岁时就在报纸上发表过诗作。1917 年奥威尔获奖学金进入
著名的伊顿公学就读，成绩优异，他还在学校刊物上发表文章。1922 年奥
威尔开始在印度皇家警察驻缅甸部队服役，由于反感英国的殖民统治，于
1927 年离开缅甸，一年后辞职。后来，他以这段经历为素材，写成小说《缅
甸岁月》和自传体散文《猎象记》及《绞刑》。1928 年 1 月回到英国后，
他深入到社会底层，四处漂泊。他在巴黎、伦敦两地，做过洗盘子的杂工，
住过贫民窟，并常常混迹在流浪汉和乞丐之中。1929 年，他写下了关于这
段经历的纪实性作品《巴黎伦敦落魄记》，真切地描述了生活在社会底层
的人民的苦难。正是在为这部作品署名时，他用了“乔治·奥威尔”这一
笔名。在某种程度上说，“奥威尔”的出现，使他开始了新生活。1936 年
7 月，西班牙内战爆发。同年年底，奥威尔与新婚的妻子一同奔赴西班牙，
投身于保卫共和政府的光荣战斗中。奥威尔在前线担任少尉，喉部曾经受
过重伤。他为记述西班牙内战而写的《向卡特洛尼亚致敬》一书，后来成
为关于这场内战的一份权威性文献。但是，这场正义的战争，由于左翼共
和政府内部分裂，最后惨遭失败，奥威尔在共和政府内部党派之争的倾轧
中也丧点儿丧生。这个惨痛的经验对奥威尔影响巨大。他曾说自己“从 1930
年起就是一个社会主义者了”，从这时候起，他又开始考虑“捍卫民主社
会主义”的问题了。这个思想转变直影响到了他后期的两部旷世佳作——
《动物庄园》（1945）和《一九八四》
（1949）的创作。第二次世界大战中，
I
前言
他在英国广播公司从事反法西斯宣传工作。1950 年，死于缠绵数年的肺病，
年仅 47 岁。
《动物庄园》是奥威尔的代表作（他的另一代表作是《一九八四》），被
欧美 15 所著名大学投票选为“影响我成长的十本书”之一，是世界文坛
最著名的政治讽喻小说。该书自出版以来，已被译成世界上六十多种语言，
是公认的世界文学名著之一。
在中国，
《动物庄园》也是广受关注的外国文学作品之一。目前，在国
内数量众多的《动物庄园》书籍中，主要的出版形式有两种：一种是中文
翻译版，另一种是英文原版。其中的英文原版越来越受到读者的欢迎，这
主要是得益于中国人热衷于学习英文的大环境。从英文学习的角度来看，
直接使用纯英文素材更有利于英语学习。考虑到对英文内容背景的了解有
助于英文阅读，使用中文导读应该是一种比较好的方式，也可以说是该类
型书的第三种版本形式。采用中文导读而非中英文对照的方式进行编排，
这样有利于国内读者摆脱对英文阅读依赖中文注释的习惯。基于以上原
因，我们决定编译《动物庄园》，并采用中文导读英文版的形式出版。在
中文导读中，我们尽力使其贴近原作的精髓，也尽可能保留原作的故事主
线。我们希望能够编出为当代中国读者所喜爱的经典读本。读者在阅读英
文故事之前，可以先阅读中文导读内容，这样有利于了解故事背景，从而
加快阅读速度。我们相信，该经典著作的引进对加强当代中国读者，特别
是青少年读者的人文修养是非常有帮助的。
本书的主要内容由王勋、纪飞编译。参加本书故事素材搜集整理及编
译工作的还有郑佳、刘乃亚、赵雪、熊金玉、李丽秀、熊红华、王婷婷、
孟宪行、胡国平、李晓红、贡东兴、陈楠、邵舒丽、冯洁、王业伟、徐鑫、
王晓旭、周丽萍、熊建国、徐平国、肖洁、王小红等。限于我们的科学、
人文素养和英语水平，书中难免不当之处，衷心希望读者朋友批评指正。
II
目
录
CONTENTS
第一章/Chapter 1 .......................................................................................1
第二章/Chapter 2 .....................................................................................10
第三章/Chapter 3 .....................................................................................19
第四章/Chapter 4 .....................................................................................27
第五章/Chapter 5 .....................................................................................33
第六章/Chapter 6 .....................................................................................43
第七章/Chapter 7 .....................................................................................52
第八章/Chapter 8 .....................................................................................64
第九章/Chapter 9 .....................................................................................77
第十章/Chapter 10 ...................................................................................88
III
Chapter 第一章 1
第一章
Chapter 1
这天晚上，趁着主人琼斯先生酩酊大醉之际，
曼纳庄园中的动物们沸腾起来：“老少校”公猪要
向其他动物们讲述自己才做的一个怪梦。老少校是
曼纳庄园动物界德高望重的老者，向来受到动物们
的尊重。现在，在大谷仓的干草垫子上，老少校已
经就座。除了乌鸦摩西外，其他各色动物纷纷进场，
猪、狗、马、羊、驴子、鸡、鸭、鸽子等等，都选
择了自己中意的座位，等待着老少校的发言。这些
动物们各具特性，勤劳勇敢的老马拳手和温顺可亲
的老马苜蓿是年久的老搭档，干活从不怕累；白母
马莫丽爱慕虚荣又愚蠢懒惰，最爱打扮自己；老驴子本杰明向来不紧不慢，
对一切冷眼旁观；猫则是既爱凑热闹又神秘莫测等等。
老少校开口道：自己长时间思考的一个问题已经有了答案，现在要在
自己时日无多的有生之年传达给各位，那就是，大家应该怎么生活。老少
校先向聆听的动物们描述了它们现在所处的惨况：每天没命地干活，但吃
不饱睡不稳，老了还要被送进屠宰场或者被抛弃；接着又剖析了庄园里的
动物所处悲惨境地的原因，就是这些都由“人”的剥削统治造成的，人喝
掉牛奶、吃掉鸡蛋、卖掉小马驹，无恶不作；最后老少校提出了解决办法：
动物们应该发生暴动，推翻人类，去过那种自由自在的幸福生活。
老少校不断地给大家输送理念，树立决心，号召大家团结一致，伸张
正义。这时，几只老鼠跑了过来，老少校便趁机说，老鼠也是平等的动物
中的一员。老少校再次声明，四条腿的是朋友，两条腿的是敌人，然后制
定了动物平等原则，动物永远不许效仿人类，不能抽烟喝酒、睡在床上、
1
Animal 动物庄园 Farm
2
Chapter 第一章 1
开展贸易等，更不能互相杀戮。接着，老少校唱起一支儿时的歌——《英
格兰的牲畜》。这是一首慷慨激昂的革命歌曲，歌词是老少校在昨天的梦
里想起的。它在动物群中引起轰动，很快就流行开来。哄闹声惊醒了琼斯
先生，他动用了枪，庄园即刻就沉静了。
M r. Jones, of the Manor Farm, had locked the hen-houses for the
night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of
light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard,
kicked off his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the
barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was
already snoring.
As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a
fluttering all through the farm buildings. Word had gone round during the day
that old Major, the prize Middle White boar, had had a strange dream on the
previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been
agreed that they should all meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was safely
out of the way. Old Major (so he was always called, though the name under
which he had been exhibited was Willingdon Beauty) was so highly regarded
on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to
hear what he had to say.
At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised platform, Major was already
ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He
was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a
majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact
that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to
arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First
came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pigs, who
settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The hens
perched themselves on the window-sills, the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters,
the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud. The
two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and
setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should be some
3
small animal concealed in the straw. Clover was a stout motherly mare
approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her
fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as
strong as any two ordinary horses put together. A white stripe down his nose
gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate
intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character
and tremendous powers of work. After the horses came Muriel, the white goat,
and Benjamin, the donkey. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm, and
the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make
some cynical remark, for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail
to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies.
Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed. If asked why, he
would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. Nevertheless, without openly
admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their
Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazing side by side
and never speaking.
The two horses had just lain down when a brood of ducklings, which had
lost their mother, filed into the barn, cheeping feebly and wandering from side
to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a
sort of wall round them with her great foreleg, and the ducklings nestled down
inside it and promptly fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty
white mare who drew Mr. Jones’s trap, came mincing daintily in, chewing at a
lump of sugar. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white
mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. Last of all
came the cat, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally
squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly
throughout Major’s speech without listening to a word of what he was saying.
All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame raven, who slept
on a perch behind the back door. When Major saw that they had all made
themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he cleared his throat and
began:
“Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last
night. But I will come to the dream later. I have something else to say first. I do
4
Chapter 第一章 1
not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer, and
before I die, I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired.
I have had a long life, I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my
stall, and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as
well as any animal now living. It is about this that I wish to speak to you.
“Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our
lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so
much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are
capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very
instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous
cruelty. No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after
he is a year old. No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery
and slavery: that is the plain truth.
“But is this simply part of the order of nature? Is it because this land of
ours is so poor that it cannot afford a decent life to those who dwell upon it? No,
comrades, a thousand times no! The soil of England is fertile, its climate is
good, it is capable of affording food in abundance to an enormously greater
number of animals than now inhabit it. This single farm of ours would support
a dozen horses, twenty cows, hundreds of sheep,and all of them living in a
comfort and a dignity that are now almost beyond our imagining. Why then do
we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the
produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. There, comrades, is
the answer to all our problems. It is summed up in a single word—Man. Man is
the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause
of hunger and overwork is abolished for ever.
“Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not
give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run
fast enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the animals. He sets them to
work, he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from
starving, and the rest he keeps for himself. Our labour tills the soil, our dung
fertilises it, and yet there is not one of us that owns more than his bare skin.
You cows that I see before me, how many thousands of gallons of milk have
you given during this last year? And what has happened to that milk which
5
should have been breeding up sturdy calves? Every drop of it has gone down
the throats of our enemies. And you hens, how many eggs have you laid in this
last year, and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens? The rest
have all gone to market to bring in money for Jones and his men. And you,
Clover, where are those four foals you bore, who should have been the support
and pleasure of your old age? Each was sold at a year old—you will never see
one of them again. In return for your four confinements and all your labour in
the fields, what have you ever had except your bare rations and a stall?
“And even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach their
natural span. For myself I do not grumble, for I am one of the lucky ones. I am
twelve years old and have had over four hundred children. Such is the natural
life of a pig. But no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end. You young
porkers who are sitting in front of me, every one of you will scream your lives
out at the block within a year. To that horror we all must come—cows, pigs,
hens, sheep, everyone. Even the horses and the dogs have no better fate. You,
Boxer, the very day that those great muscles of yours lose their power, Jones
will sell you to the knacker, who will cut your throat and boil you down for the
foxhounds. As for the dogs, when they grow old and toothless, Jones ties a
brick round their necks and drowns them in the nearest pond.
“Is it not crystal clear, then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours
spring from the tyranny of human beings? Only get rid of Man, and the
produce of our labour would be our own. Almost overnight we could become
rich and free. What then must we do? Why, work night and day, body and soul,
for the overthrow of the human race! That is my message to you, comrades:
Rebellion! I do not know when that Rebellion will come, it might be in a week
or in a hundred years, but I know, as surely as I see this straw beneath my feet,
that sooner or later justice will be done. Fix your eyes on that, comrades,
throughout the short remainder of your lives! And above all, pass on this
message of mine to those who come after you, so that future generations shall
carry on the struggle until it is victorious.
“And remember, comrades, your resolution must never falter. No
argument must lead you astray. Never listen when they tell you that Man and
the animals have a common interest, that the prosperity of the one is the
6
Chapter 第一章 1
prosperity of the others. It is all lies. Man serves the interests of no creature
except himself. And among us animals let there be perfect unity, perfect
comradeship in the struggle. All men are enemies. All animals are comrades.”
At this moment there was a tremendous uproar. While Major was speaking
four large rats had crept out of their holes and were sitting on their hindquarters,
listening to him. The dogs had suddenly caught sight of them, and it was only
by a swift dash for their holes that the rats saved their lives. Major raised his
trotter for silence.
“Comrades,” he said, “here is a point that must be settled. The wild
creatures, such as rats and rabbits—are they our friends or our enemies? Let us
put it to the vote. I propose this question to the meeting: Are rats comrades?”
The vote was taken at once, and it was agreed by an overwhelming
majority that rats were comrades. There were only four dissentients, the three
dogs and the cat, who was afterwards discovered to have voted on both sides.
Major continued:
“I have little more to say. I merely repeat, remember always your duty of
enmity towards Man and all his ways. Whatever goes upon two legs is an
enemy. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. And remember
also that in fighting against Man, we must not come to resemble him. Even
when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices. No animal must ever
live in a house, or sleep in a bed, or wear clothes, or drink alcohol, or smoke
tobacco, or touch money, or engage in trade. All the habits of Man are evil. And,
above all, no animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. Weak or strong,
clever or simple, we are all brothers. No animal must ever kill any other animal.
All animals are equal.
“And now, comrades, I will tell you about my dream of last night. I cannot
describe that dream to you. It was a dream of the earth as it will be when Man
has vanished. But it reminded me of something that I had long forgotten. Many
years ago, when I was a little pig, my mother and the other sows used to sing
an old song of which they knew only the tune and the first three words. I had
known that tune in my infancy, but it had long since passed out of my mind.
Last night, however, it came back to me in my dream. And what is more, the
words of the song also came back—words, I am certain, which were sung by
7
the animals of long ago and have been lost to memory for generations. I will
sing you that song now, comrades. I am old and my voice is hoarse, but when I
have taught you the tune, you can sing it better for yourselves. It is called
Beasts of England.”
Old Major cleared his throat and began to sing. As he had said, his voice
was hoarse, but he sang well enough, and it was a stirring tune, something
between Clementine and La Cucaracha. The words ran:
Beasts of England, beasts of Ireland,
Beasts of every land and clime,
Hearken to my joyful tidings
Of the golden future time.
Soon or late the day is coming,

Tyrant Man shall be o’erthrown,
And the fruitful fields of England
Shall be trod by beasts alone.
Rings shall vanish from our noses,

And the harness from our back,
Bit and spur shall rust forever,
Cruel whips no more shall crack.
Riches more than mind can picture,

Wheat and barley, oats and hay,
Clover, beans, and mangel-wurzels
Shall be ours upon that day.
Bright will shine the fields of England,

Purer shall its waters be,
Sweeter yet shall blow its breezes
On the day that sets us free.
For that.day we all must labour,
8
Chapter 第一章 1
Though we die before it break;

Cows and horses, geese and turkeys,
All must toil for freedom’s sake.
Beasts of England, beasts of Ireland,

Beasts of every land and clime,
Hearken well and spread my tidings
Of the golden future time.
The singing of this song threw the animals into the wildest excitement.
Almost before Major had reached the end, they had begun singing it for
themselves. Even the stupidest of them had already picked up the tune and a
few of the words, and as for the clever ones, such as the pigs and dogs, they
had the entire song by heart within a few minutes. And then, after a few
preliminary tries, the whole farm burst out into Beasts of England in
tremendous unison. The cows lowed it, the dogs whined it, the sheep bleated it,
the horses whinnied it, the ducks quacked it. They were so delighted with the
song that they sang it right through five times in succession, and might have
continued singing it all night if they had not been interrupted.
Unfortunately, the uproar awoke Mr. Jones, who sprang out of bed,
making sure that there was a fox in the yard. He seized the gun which always
stood in a corner of his bedroom, and let fly a charge of number 6 shot into the
darkness. The pellets buried themselves in the wall of the barn and the meeting
broke up hurriedly. Everyone fled to his own sleeping-place. The birds jumped
on to their perches, the animals settled down in the straw, and the whole farm
was asleep in a moment.
9
第二章
Chapter 2
三天后，老少校安详离世。老少校的话在动物
群中引起了观念的更新，一些有头脑的动物开始思
考着行动起来。于是，被公认为庄园里最聪明动物
的猪便承担起了组织和教育的工作。其中，拿破仑
高大凶狠，雪球聪明伶俐，声响器善于鼓动。这三
头猪认真揣摩老少校的讲话精神，提炼出一套“动
物主义”，然后在大仓谷里举行秘密会议，不断向
其他动物宣传革命，回答其他动物提出的，类似于
为什么要关心死后事情之类的幼稚问题，努力将提
问者说得心悦诚服。同时，这些猪不断对付乌鸦摩
西散发的各种谣言，乌鸦摩西已被主人驯化，总是用丰衣足食的、所有动
物死后都会到达的蜜饯山来麻痹大家。在两匹老马拳手和苜蓿的坚定支持
下，民心渐渐稳定下来。
这段时间，向来还算能干的庄园主琼斯先生懈怠消沉起来，他整日喝
酒，将庄园事物交给伙计打理。漫不经心的伙计忘了使动物们填饱肚子、
保持温暖。这天，饥饿很久的动物突然自发地向主人们猛冲过来，顺利地
赶走了惊魂未定的主人。革命就这样瞬间地爆发、胜利了。
动物们起先还不敢相信革命这么顺利，自己已经成为这座曼纳庄园的
主人。接着，便自发地毁掉了一切人造的限制动物自由的枷锁，热闹地发
放食物庆祝了一番。第二天一早，动物们照常醒来，兴奋地奔跑跳跃，巡
视着庄园，最终成群结队地走进了主人的房间，大胆而心满意足地参观了
一番。它们还约定，任何动物都不可住在人类的房子里。这时，雪球和拿
破仑召集大家，要将曼纳庄园改成动物庄园，制定出一套关乎行为准则的
10
Chapter 第二章 2
11
“七诫”
，并把它醒目地涂在墙上，约定动物们永远照它实行。拿破仑率先
带动物挤了牛奶，然后雪球带领大家收割牧草，动物们就这样开始了革命
的第一天。
T hree nights later old Major died peacefully in his sleep. His body
was buried at the foot of the orchard.
This was early in March. During the next three months there was much
secret activity. Major’s speech had given to the more intelligent animals on the
farm a completely new outlook on life. They did not know when the Rebellion
predicted by Major would take place, they had no reason for thinking that it
would be within their own lifetime, but they saw clearly that it was their duty to
prepare for it. The work of teaching and organising the others fell naturally
upon the pigs, who were generally recognised as being the cleverest of the
animals. Pre-eminent among the pigs were two young boars named Snowball
and Napoleon, whom Mr. Jones was breeding up for sale. Napoleon was a large,
rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, the only Berkshire on the farm, not much
of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way. Snowball was a more
vivacious pig than Napoleon, quicker in speech and more inventive, but was
not considered to have the same depth of character. All the other male pigs on
the farm were porkers. The best known among them was a small fat pig named
Squealer, with very round cheeks, twinkling eyes, nimble movements, and a
shrill voice. He was a brilliant talker, and when he was arguing some difficult
point he had a way of skipping from side to side and whisking his tail which
was somehow very persuasive. The others said of Squealer that he could turn
black into white.
These three had elaborated old Major’s teachings into a complete system
of thought, to which they gave the name of Animalism. Several nights a week,
after Mr. Jones was asleep, they held secret meetings in the barn and
expounded the principles of Animalism to the others. At the beginning they met
with much stupidity and apathy. Some of the animals talked of the duty of
loyalty to Mr. Jones, whom they referred to as “Master,” or made elementary
remarks such as “Mr. Jones feeds us. If he were gone, we should starve to
12
Chapter 第二章 2
death.” Others asked such questions as “Why should we care what happens
after we are dead?” or “If this Rebellion is to happen anyway, what difference
does it make whether we work for it or not?”, and the pigs had great difficulty
in making them see that this was contrary to the spirit of Animalism. The
stupidest questions of all were asked by Mollie, the white mare. The very first
question she asked Snowball was: “Will there still be sugar after the
Rebellion?”
“No,” said Snowball firmly. “We have no means of making sugar on this
farm. Besides, you do not need sugar. You will have all the oats and hay you
want.”
“And shall I still be allowed to wear ribbons in my mane?” asked Mollie.
“Comrade,” said Snowball, “those ribbons that you are so devoted to are the
badge of slavery. Can you not understand that liberty is worth more than
ribbons?”
Mollie agreed, but she did not sound very convinced.
The pigs had an even harder struggle to counteract the lies put about by
Moses, the tame raven. Moses, who was Mr. Jones’s especial pet, was a spy
and a tale-bearer, but he was also a clever talker. He claimed to know of the
existence of a mysterious country called Sugarcandy Mountain, to which all
animals went when they died. It was situated somewhere up in the sky, a little
distance beyond the clouds, Moses said. In Sugarcandy Mountain it was
Sunday seven days a week, clover was in season all the year round, and lump
sugar and linseed cake grew on the hedges. The animals hated Moses because
he told tales and did no work, but some of them believed in Sugarcandy
Mountain, and the pigs had to argue very hard to persuade them that there was
no such place.
Their most faithful disciples were the two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover.
These two had great difficulty in thinking anything out for themselves, but
having once accepted the pigs as their teachers, they absorbed everything that
they were told, and passed it on to the other animals by simple arguments. They
were unfailing in their attendance at the secret meetings in the barn, and led the
singing of Beasts of England, with which the meetings always ended.
Now, as it turned out, the Rebellion was achieved much earlier and more
13
easily than anyone had expected. In past years Mr. Jones, although a hard
master, had been a capable farmer, but of late he had fallen on evil days. He
had become much disheartened after losing money in a lawsuit, and had taken
to drinking more than was good for him. For whole days at a time he would
lounge in his Windsor chair in the kitchen, reading the newspapers, drinking,
and occasionally feeding Moses on crusts of bread soaked in beer. His men
were idle and dishonest, the fields were full of weeds, the buildings wanted
roofing, the hedges were neglected, and the animals were underfed.
June came and the hay was almost ready for cutting. On Midsummer’s
Eve, which was a Saturday, Mr. Jones went into Willingdon and got so drunk at
the Red Lion that he did not come back till midday on Sunday. The men had
milked the cows in the early morning and then had gone out rabbiting, without
bothering to feed the animals. When Mr. Jones got back he immediately went
to sleep on the drawing-room sofa with the News of the World over his face, so
that when evening came, the animals were still unfed. At last they could stand it
no longer. One of the cows broke in the door of the store-shed with her horn
and all the animals began to help themselves from the bins. It was just then that
Mr. Jones woke up. The next moment he and his four men were in the
store-shed with whips in their hands, lashing out in all directions. This was
more than the hungry animals could bear. With one accord, though nothing of
the kind had been planned beforehand, they flung themselves upon their
tormentors. Jones and his men suddenly found themselves being butted and
kicked from all sides. The situation was quite out of their control. They had
never seen animals behave like this before, and this sudden uprising of
creatures whom they were used to thrashing and maltreating just as they chose,
frightened them almost out of their wits. After only a moment or two they gave
up trying to defend themselves and took to their heels. A minute later all five of
them were in full flight down the cart-track that led to the main road, with the
animals pursuing them in triumph.
Mrs. Jones looked out of the bedroom window, saw what was happening,
hurriedly flung a few possessions into a carpet bag, and slipped out of the farm
by another way. Moses sprang off his perch and flapped after her, croaking
loudly. Meanwhile the animals had chased Jones and his men out on to the road
14
Chapter 第二章 2
and slammed the five-barred gate behind them. And so, almost before they
knew what was happening, the Rebellion had been successfully carried through:
Jones was expelled, and the Manor Farm was theirs.
For the first few minutes the animals could hardly believe in their good
fortune. Their first act was to gallop in a body right round the boundaries of the
farm, as though to make quite sure that no human being was hiding anywhere
upon it; then they raced back to the farm buildings to wipe out the last traces of
Jones’s hated reign. The harness-room at the end of the stables was broken
open; the bits, the nose-rings, the dog-chains, the cruel knives with which Mr.
Jones had been used to castrate the pigs and lambs, were all flung down the
well. The reins, the halters, the blinkers, the degrading nosebags, were thrown
on to the rubbish fire which was burning in the yard. So were the whips. All the
animals capered with joy when they saw the whips going up in flames.
Snowball also threw on to the fire the ribbons with which the horses’ manes
and tails had usually been decorated on market days.
“Ribbons,” he said, “should be considered as clothes, which are the mark
of a human being. All animals should go naked.”
When Boxer heard this he fetched the small straw hat which he wore in
summer to keep the flies out of his ears, and flung it on to the fire with the rest.
In a very little while the animals had destroyed everything that reminded
them of Mr. Jones. Napoleon then led them back to the store-shed and served
out a double ration of corn to everybody, with two biscuits for each dog. Then
they sang Beasts of England from end to end seven times running, and after
that they settled down for the night and slept as they had never slept before.
But they woke at dawn as usual, and suddenly remembering the glorious
thing that had happened, they all raced out into the pasture together. A little
way down the pasture there was a knoll that commanded a view of most of the
farm. The animals rushed to the top of it and gazed round them in the clear
morning light. Yes, it was theirs—everything that they could see was theirs! In
the ecstasy of that thought they gambolled round and round, they hurled
themselves into the air in great leaps of excitement. They rolled in the dew,
they cropped mouthfuls of the sweet summer grass, they kicked up clods of the
black earth and snuffed its rich scent. Then they made a tour of inspection of
15
the whole farm and surveyed with speechless admiration the ploughland, the
hayfield, the orchard, the pool, the spinney. It was as though they had never
seen these things before, and even now they could hardly believe that it was all
their own.
Then they filed back to the farm buildings and halted in silence outside the
door of the farmhouse. That was theirs too, but they were frightened to go
inside. After a moment, however, Snowball and Napoleon butted the door open
with their shoulders and the animals entered in single file, walking with the
utmost care for fear of disturbing anything. They tiptoed from room to room,
afraid to speak above a whisper and gazing with a kind of awe at the
unbelievable luxury, at the beds with their feather mattresses, the
looking-glasses, the horsehair sofa, the Brussels carpet, the lithograph of Queen
Victoria over the drawing-room mantelpiece. They were lust coming down the
stairs when Mollie was discovered to be missing. Going back, the others found
that she had remained behind in the best bedroom. She had taken a piece of
blue ribbon from Mrs. Jones’s dressing-table, and was holding it against her
shoulder and admiring herself in the glass in a very foolish manner. The others
reproached her sharply, and they went outside. Some hams hanging in the
kitchen were taken out for burial, and the barrel of beer in the scullery was
stove in with a kick from Boxer’s hoof, otherwise nothing in the house was
touched. A unanimous resolution was passed on the spot that the farmhouse
should be preserved as a museum. All were agreed that no animal must ever
live there.
The animals had their breakfast, and then Snowball and Napoleon called
them together again.
“Comrades,” said Snowball, “it is half-past six and we have a long day
before us. Today we begin the hay harvest. But there is another matter that
must be attended to first.”
The pigs now revealed that during the past three months they had taught
themselves to read and write from an old spelling book which had belonged to
Mr. Jones’s children and which had been thrown on the rubbish heap. Napoleon
sent for pots of black and white paint and led the way down to the five-barred
gate that gave on to the main road. Then Snowball(for it was Snowball who
16
Chapter 第二章 2
was best at writing) took a brush between the two knuckles of his trotter,
painted out MANOR FARM from the top bar of the gate and in its place
painted ANIMAL FARM. This was to be the name of the farm from now
onwards. After this they went back to the farm buildings, where Snowball and
Napoleon sent for a ladder which they caused to be set against the end wall of
the big barn. They explained that by their studies of the past three months the
pigs had succeeded in reducing the principles of Animalism to Seven
Commandments. These Seven Commandments would now be inscribed on the
wall; they would form an unalterable law by which all the animals on Animal
Farm must live for ever after. With some difficulty (for it is not easy for a pig to
balance himself on a ladder) Snowball climbed up and set to work, with
Squealer a few rungs below him holding the paint-pot. The Commandments
were written on the tarred wall in great white letters that could be read thirty
yards away. They ran thus:
THE SEVEN COMMANDMENTS
1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.
2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.
3. No animal shall wear clothes.
4. No animal shall sleep in a bed.
5. No animal shall drink alcohol.
6. No animal shall kill any other animal.
7. All animals are equal.
It was very neatly written, and except that “friend” was written “freind”
and one of the “S’s” was the wrong way round, the spelling was correct all the
way through. Snowball read it aloud for the benefit of the others. All the
animals nodded in complete agreement, and the cleverer ones at once began to
learn the Commandments by heart.
“Now, comrades,” cried Snowball, throwing down the paint-brush, “to the
hayfield! Let us make it a point of honour to get in the harvest more quickly
than Jones and his men could do.”
But at this moment the three cows, who had seemed uneasy for some time
past, set up a loud lowing. They had not been milked for twenty-four hours, and
their udders were almost bursting. After a little thought, the pigs sent for
17
buckets and milked the cows fairly successfully, their trotters being well
adapted to this task. Soon there were five buckets of frothing creamy milk at
which many of the animals looked with considerable interest.
“What is going to happen to all that milk?” said someone.
“Jones used sometimes to mix some of it in our mash,” said one of the
hens.
“Never mind the milk, comrades!” cried Napoleon, placing himself in
front of the buckets. “That will be attended to. The harvest is more important.
Comrade Snowball will lead the way. I shall follow in a few minutes. Forward,
comrades! The hay is waiting.”
So the animals trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest, and
when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had
disappeared.
18
Chapter 第三章 3
第三章
Chapter 3
整个夏天，动物庄园都笼罩在欣喜热烈的气氛
中，猪想出办法指挥大家干活，各种动物都勤勤恳
恳，这是它们第一次为自己干活，除了爱慕虚荣的
莫丽和不可捉摸的猫外，没有一个动物好吃懒做。
老马拳手比往常更加勤劳，比其他动物提早起床干
活，连鸡鸭们也积极运用起不了什么作用的嘴帮忙
衘草。很快，动物们就积聚了成堆的粮食。每个星
期天动物们都举行仪式，先升起画有蹄子和犄角的
绿旗，召开全体动物参加的碰头会；然后在《英格
兰的牲畜》的歌声中结束。碰头会上，几乎都是猪
来安排工作、讨论提议，但是，最活跃的拿破仑和雪球总是发生争吵，一
个否决另一个。猪们成立了指挥室，每晚都拿着从琼斯家里翻来的书籍来
到指挥室，学习各种知识技艺。雪球还忙于成立各种俱乐部委员会，除了
学习班取得巨大成效外，其他都以失败告终。
庄园里的每个动物差不多都被扫了盲。不少动物都能念出几个字母，
其中，母羊穆丽尔学得不错，驴子本杰明几乎可以与猪媲美。几乎所有的
动物都能熟背“七诫”。禽鸟们反对“两条腿是敌人”的说法，但被雪球
聪明地解释了过去。拿破仑强调教育的重要性，它将狗们刚产下的九条幼
崽带到一个没什么人的地方，其他动物很快便忘了狗崽们的存在。牛奶
和苹果都被猪占领了。每当其他动物准备抱怨时，善于鼓动的声响器就宣
扬猪是脑力劳动者，所做的一切都是为了抵抗人类的反击。
19
20
Chapter 第三章 3
H ow they toiled and sweated to get the hay in! But their efforts were
rewarded, for the harvest was an even bigger success than they had hoped.
Sometimes the work was hard; the implements had been designed for
human beings and not for animals, and it was a great drawback that no animal
was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. But the pigs
were so clever that they could think of a way round every difficulty. As for the
horses, they knew every inch of the field, and in fact understood the business of
mowing and raking far better than Jones and his men had ever done. The pigs
did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others. With their
superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership.
Boxer and Clover would harness themselves to the cutter or the horse-rake (no
bits or reins were needed in these days, of course) and tramp steadily round and
round the field with a pig walking behind and calling out “Gee up, comrade!”
or “Whoa back, comrade!” as the case might be. And every animal down to the
humblest worked at turning the hay and gathering it. Even the ducks and hens
toiled to and fro all day in the sun, carrying tiny wisps of hay in their beaks. In
the end they finished the harvest in two days’ less time than it had usually taken
Jones and his men. Moreover, it was the biggest harvest that the farm had ever
seen. There was no wastage whatever; the hens and ducks with their sharp eyes
had gathered up the very last stalk. And not an animal on the farm had stolen so
much as a mouthful.
All through that summer the work of the farm went like clockwork. The
animals were happy as they had never conceived it possible to be. Every
mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure, now that it was truly their
own food, produced by themselves and for themselves, not doled out to them
by a grudging master. With the worthless parasitical human beings gone, there
was more for everyone to eat. There was more leisure too, inexperienced
though the animals were. They met with many difficulties, for instance, later in
the year, when they harvested the corn, they had to tread it out in the ancient
style and blow away the chaff with their breath, since the farm possessed no
threshing machine, but the pigs with their cleverness and Boxer with his
tremendous muscles always pulled them through. Boxer was the admiration of
21
everybody. He had been a hard worker even in Jones’s time, but now he
seemed more like three horses than one; there were days when the entire work
of the farm seemed to rest on his mighty shoulders. From morning to night he
was pushing and pulling, always at the spot where the work was hardest. He
had made an arrangement with one of the cockerels to call him in the mornings
half an hour earlier than anyone else, and would put in some volunteer labour
at whatever seemed to be most needed, before the regular day’s work began.
His answer to every problem, every setback, was “I will work harder!”—which
he had adopted as his personal motto.
But everyone worked according to his capacity The hens and ducks, for
instance, saved five bushels of corn at the harvest by gathering up the stray
grains. Nobody stole, nobody grumbled over his rations, the quarrelling and
biting and jealousy which had been normal features of life in the old days had
almost disappeared. Nobody shirked-or almost nobody. Mollie, it was true, was
not good at getting up in the mornings, and had a way of leaving work early on
the ground that there was a stone in her hoof. And the behaviour of the cat was
somewhat peculiar. It was soon noticed that when there was work to be done
the cat could never be found. She would vanish for hours on end, and then
reappear at meal-times, or in the evening after work was over, as though
nothing had happened. But she always made such excellent excuses, and purred
so affectionately, that it was impossible not to believe in her good intentions.
Old Benjamin, the donkey, seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion. He did
his work in the same slow obstinate way as he had done it in Jones’s time,
never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either. About the
Rebellion and its results he would express no opinion. When asked whether he
was not happier now that Jones was gone, he would say only “Donkeys live a
long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey,” and the others had to be
content with this cryptic answer.
On Sundays there was no work. Breakfast was an hour later than usual,
and after breakfast there was a ceremony which was observed every week
without fail. First came the hoisting of the flag. Snowball had found in the
harness-room an old green tablecloth of Mrs. Jones’s and had painted on it a
hoof and a horn in white. This was run up the flagstaff in the farmhouse garden
22
Chapter 第三章 3
every Sunday morning. The flag was green, Snowball explained, to represent
the green fields of England, while the hoof and horn signified the future
Republic of the Animals which would arise when the human race had been
finally overthrown. After the hoisting of the flag all the animals trooped into
the big barn for a general assembly which was known as the Meeting. Here the
work of the coming week was planned out and resolutions were put forward
and debated. It was always the pigs who put forward the resolutions. The other
animals understood how to vote, but could never think of any resolutions of
their own. Snowball and Napoleon were by far the most active in the debates.
But it was noticed that these two were never in agreement: whatever suggestion
either of them made, the other could be counted on to oppose it. Even when it
was resolved-a thing no one could object to in itself to set aside the small
paddock behind the orchard as a home of rest for animals who were past work,
there was a stormy debate over the correct retiring age for each class of animal.
The Meeting always ended With the singing of Beasts of England, and the
afternoon was given up to recreation.
The pigs had set aside the harness-room as a headquarters for themselves.
Here, in the evenings, they studied blacksmithing, carpentering, and other
necessary arts from books which they had brought out of the farmhouse.
Snowball also busied himself with organising the other animals into what he
called Animal Committees. He was indefatigable at this. He formed the Egg
Production Committee for the hens, the Clean Tails League for the cows, the
Wild Comrades’ Re-education Committee (the object of this was to tame the
rats and rabbits), the Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep, and various others,
besides instituting classes in reading and writing. On the whole, these projects
were a failure. The attempt to tame the wild creatures, for instance, broke down
almost immediately. They continued to behave very much as before, and when
treated with generosity, simply took advantage of it. The cat joined the
Re-education Committee and was very active in it for some days. She was seen
one day sitting on a roof and talking to some sparrows who were just out of her
reach. She was telling them that all animals were now comrades and that any
sparrow who chose could come and perch on her paw; but the sparrows kept
their distance.
23
The reading and writing classes, however, were a great success. By the
autumn almost every animal on the farm was literate in some degree.
As for the pigs, they could already read and write perfectly. The dogs
learned to read fairly well, but were not interested in reading anything except
the Seven Commandments. Muriel, the goat, could read somewhat better than
the dogs, and sometimes used to read to the others in the evenings from scraps
of newspaper which she found on the rubbish heap. Benjamin could read as
well as any pig, but never exercised his faculty. So far as he knew, he said,
there was nothing worth reading. Clover learnt the whole alphabet, but could
not put words together. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. He would trace
out A, B, C, D, in the dust with his great hoof, and then would stand staring at
the letters with his ears back, sometimes shaking his forelock, trying with all
his might to remember what came next and never succeeding. On several
occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H, but by the time he knew them, it was
always discovered that he had forgotten A, B, C, and D. Finally he decided to
be content with the first four letters, and used to write them out once or twice
every day to refresh his memory. Mollie refused to learn any but the six letters
which spelt her own name. She would form these very neatly out of pieces of
twig, and would then decorate them with a flower or two and walk round them
admiring them.
None of the other animals on the farm could get further than the letter A. It
was also found that the stupider animals, such as the sheep, hens, and ducks,
were unable to learn the Seven Commandments by heart. After much thought
Snowball declared that the Seven Commandments could in effect be reduced to
a single maxim, namely: “Four legs good, two legs bad.” This, he said,
contained the essential principle of Animalism. Whoever had thoroughly
grasped it would be safe from human influences. The birds at first objected,
since it seemed to them that they also had two legs, but Snowball proved to
them that this was not so.
“A bird’s wing, comrades,” he said, “is an organ of propulsion and not of
manipulation. It should therefore be regarded as a leg. The distinguishing mark
of man is the hand, the instrument with which he does all his mischief.”
The birds did not understand Snowball’s long words, but they accepted his
24
Chapter 第三章 3
explanation, and all the humbler animals set to work to learn the new maxim by
heart. “four legs good, two legs bad ” was inscribed on the end wall of the barn,
above the Seven Commandments and in bigger letters When they had once got
it by heart, the sheep developed a great liking for this maxim, and often as they
lay in the field they would all start bleating “Four legs good, two legs bad! Four
legs good, two legs bad!” and keep it up for hours on end, never growing tired
of it.
Napoleon took no interest in Snowball’s committees. He said that the
education of the young was more important than anything that could be done
for those who were already grown up. It happened that Jessie and Bluebell had
both whelped soon after the hay harvest, giving birth between them to nine
sturdy puppies. As soon as they were weaned, Napoleon took them away from
their mothers, saying that he would make himself responsible for their
education. He took them up into a loft which could only be reached by a ladder
from the harness-room, and there kept them in such seclusion that the rest of
the farm soon forgot their existence.
The mystery of where the milk went to was soon cleared up. It was mixed
every day into the pigs’ mash. The early apples were now ripening, and the
grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. The animals had assumed as a
matter of course that these would be shared out equally; one day, however, the
order went forth that all the windfalls were to be collected and brought to the
harness-room for the use of the pigs. At this some of the other animals
murmured, but it was no use. All the pigs were in full agreement on this point,
even Snowball and Napoleon. Squealer was sent to make the necessary
explanations to the others.
“Comrades!” he cried. “You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing
this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk
and apples. I dislike them myself. Our sole object in taking these things is to
preserve our health. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science,
comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig.
We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and organisation of this
farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for
your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what
25
would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes, Jones
would come back! Surely, comrades,” cried Squealer almost pleadingly,
skipping from side to side and whisking his tail, “surely there is no one among
you who wants to see Jones come back?”
Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of, it
was that they did not want Jones back. When it was put to them in this light,
they had no more to say. The importance of keeping the pigs in good health
was all too obvious. So it was agreed without further argument that the milk
and the windfall apples (and also the main crop of apples when they ripened)
should be reserved for the pigs alone.
26
Chapter 第四章 4
第四章
Chapter 4
动物庄园的造反行为和《英格兰的牲畜》传遍
了大江南北，引起了其他庄园主的不安，尤其是琼
斯周边的两个庄园主皮尔金顿和弗雷德里克。庄园
主们放出各种谣言，但都不攻自破。琼斯带着几个
伙计，拿着武器，企图重新占有庄园。动物们在总
指挥雪球的部署下，采用了鸽子空中捣乱、鹅群脚
下捣乱、牛马眼前撞击等等战术，雪球不顾受伤坚
持指挥作战，马拳手踢晕了一个伙计，快速而坚决
地打败了人类。动物们立刻举办了庆功会，颁发给
雪球和拳手“一级动物英雄勋章”。
T he late summer the news of what had happened on Animal Farm had
spread across half the county. Every day Snowball and Napoleon sent out
flights of pigeons whose instructions were to mingle with the animals on
neighbouring farms, tell them the story of the Rebellion, and teach them the
tune of Beasts of England.
Most of this time Mr. Jones had spent sitting in the taproom of the Red
Lion at Willingdon, complaining to anyone who would listen of the monstrous
injustice he had suffered in being turned out of his property by a pack of
good-for-nothing animals. The other farmers sympathised in principle, but they
did not at first give him much help. At heart, each of them was secretly
wondering whether he could not somehow turn Jones’s misfortune to his own
27
28
Chapter 第四章 4
advantage. It was lucky that the owners of the two farms which adjoined
Animal Farm were on permanently bad terms. One of them, which was named
Foxwood, was a large, neglected, old-fashioned farm, much overgrown by
woodland, with all its pastures worn out and its hedges in a disgraceful
condition. Its owner, Mr. Pilkington, was an easy-going gentleman farmer who
spent most of his time in fishing or hunting according to the season. The other
farm, which was called Pinchfield, was smaller and better kept. Its owner was a
Mr. Frederick, a tough, shrewd man, perpetually involved in lawsuits and with
a name for driving hard bargains. These two disliked each other so much that it
was difficult for them to come to any agreement, even in defence of their own
interests.
Nevertheless, they were both thoroughly frightened by the rebellion on
Animal Farm, and very anxious to prevent their own animals from learning too
much about it. At first they pretended to laugh to scorn the idea of animals
managing a farm for themselves. The whole thing would be over in a fortnight,
they said. They put it about that the animals on the Manor Farm (they insisted
on calling it the Manor Farm; they would not tolerate the name “Animal Farm”)
were perpetually fighting among themselves and were also rapidly starving to
death. When time passed and the animals had evidently not starved to death,
Frederick and Pilkington changed their tune and began to talk of the terrible
wickedness that now flourished on Animal Farm. It was given out that the
animals there practised cannibalism, tortured one another with red-hot
horseshoes, and had their females in common. This was what came of rebelling
against the laws of Nature, Frederick and Pilkington said.
However, these stories were never fully believed. Rumours of a wonderful
farm, where the human beings had been turned out and the animals managed
their own affairs, continued to circulate in vague and distorted forms, and
throughout that year a wave of rebelliousness ran through the countryside.
Bulls which had always been tractable suddenly turned savage, sheep broke
down hedges and devoured the clover, cows kicked the pail over, hunters
refused their fences and shot their riders on to the other side. Above all, the
tune and even the words of Beasts of England were known everywhere. It had
spread with astonishing speed. The human beings could not contain their rage
29
when they heard this song, though they pretended to think it merely ridiculous.
They could not understand, they said, how even animals could bring
themselves to sing such contemptible rubbish. Any animal caught singing it
was given a flogging on the spot. And yet the song was irrepressible. The
blackbirds whistled it in the hedges, the pigeons cooed it in the elms, it got into
the din of the smithies and the tune of the church bells. And when the human
beings listened to it, they secretly trembled, hearing in it a prophecy of their
future doom.
Early in October, when the corn was cut and stacked and some of it was
already threshed, a flight of pigeons came whirling through the air and alighted
in the yard of Animal Farm in the wildest excitement. Jones and all his men,
with half a dozen others from Foxwood and Pinchfield, had entered the
five-barred gate and were coming up the cart-track that led to the farm. They
were all carrying sticks, except Jones, who was marching ahead with a gun in
his hands. Obviously they were going to attempt the recapture of the farm.
This had long been expected, and all preparations had been made.
Snowball, who had studied an old book of Julius Caesar’s campaigns which he
had found in the farmhouse, was in charge of the defensive operations. He gave
his orders quickly, and in a couple of minutes every animal was at his post.
As the human beings approached the farm buildings, Snowball launched
his first attack. All the pigeons, to the number of thirty-five, flew to and fro
over the men’s heads and muted upon them from mid-air; and while the men
were dealing with this, the geese, who had been hiding behind the hedge,
rushed out and pecked viciously at the calves of their legs. However, this was
only a light skirmishing manoeuvre, intended to create a little disorder, and the
men easily drove the geese off with their sticks. Snowball now launched his
second line of attack. Muriel, Benjamin, and all the sheep, with Snowball at the
head of them, rushed forward and prodded and butted the men from every side,
while Benjamin turned around and lashed at them with his small hoofs. But
once again the men, with their sticks and their hobnailed boots, were too strong
for them; and suddenly, at a squeal from Snowball, which was the signal for
retreat, all the animals turned and fled through the gateway into the yard.
The men gave a shout of triumph. They saw, as they imagined, their
30
Chapter 第四章 4
enemies in flight, and they rushed after them in disorder. This was just what
Snowball had intended. As soon as they were well inside the yard, the three
horses, the three cows, and the rest of the pigs, who had been lying in ambush
in the cowshed, suddenly emerged in their rear, cutting them off. Snowball now
gave the signal for the charge. He himself dashed straight for Jones. Jones saw
him coming, raised his gun and fired. The pellets scored bloody streaks along
Snowball’s back, and a sheep dropped dead. Without halting for an instant,
Snowball flung his fifteen stone against Jones’s legs. Jones was hurled into a
pile of dung and his gun flew out of his hands. But the most terrifying spectacle
of all was Boxer, rearing up on his hind legs and striking out with his great
iron-shod hoofs like a stallion. His very first blow took a stable-lad from
Foxwood on the skull and stretched him lifeless in the mud. At the sight,
several men dropped their sticks and tried to run. Panic overtook them, and the
next moment all the animals together were chasing them round and round the
yard. They were gored, kicked, bitten, trampled on. There was not an animal on
the farm that did not take vengeance on them after his own fashion. Even the
cat suddenly leapt off a roof onto a cowman’s shoulders and sank her claws in
his neck, at which he yelled horribly. At a moment when the opening was clear,
the men were glad enough to rush out of the yard and make a bolt for the main
road. And so within five minutes of their invasion they were in ignominious
retreat by the same way as they had come, with a flock of geese hissing after
them and pecking at their calves all the way.
All the men were gone except one. Back in the yard Boxer was pawing
with his hoof at the stable-lad who lay face down in the mud, trying to turn him
over. The boy did not stir.
“He is dead,” said Boxer sorrowfully. “I had no intention of doing that. I
forgot that I was wearing iron shoes. Who will believe that I did not do this on
purpose?”
“No sentimentality, comrade!” cried Snowball from whose wounds the
blood was still dripping. “War is war. The only good human being is a dead
one.”
“I have no wish to take life, not even human life,” repeated Boxer, and his
eyes were full of tears.
31
“Where is Mollie?” exclaimed somebody.

Mollie in fact was missing. For a moment there was great alarm; it was
feared that the men might have harmed her in some way, or even carried her off
with them. In the end, however, she was found hiding in her stall with her head
buried among the hay in the manger. She had taken to flight as soon as the gun
went off. And when the others came back from looking for her, it was to find
that the stable-lad, who in fact was only stunned, had already recovered and
made off.
The animals had now reassembled in the wildest excitement, each
recounting his own exploits in the battle at the top of his voice. An impromptu
celebration of the victory was held immediately. The flag was run up and
Beasts of England was sung a number of times, then the sheep who had been
killed was given a solemn funeral, a hawthorn bush being planted on her grave.
At the graveside Snowball made a little speech, emphasising the need for all
animals to be ready to die for Animal Farm if need be.
The animals decided unanimously to create a military decoration, “Animal
Hero, First Class,” which was conferred there and then on Snowball and Boxer.
It consisted of a brass medal (they were really some old horse-brasses which
had been found in the harness-room), to be worn on Sundays-and holidays.
There was also “Animal Hero, Second Class,” which was conferred
posthumously on the dead sheep.
There was much discussion as to what the battle should be called. In the
end, it was named the Battle of the Cowshed, since that was where the ambush
had been sprung. Mr. Jones’s gun had been found lying in the mud, and it was
known that there was a supply of cartridges in the farmhouse. It was decided to
set the gun up at the foot of the Flagstaff, like a piece of artillery, and to fire it
twice a year-once on October the twelfth, the anniversary of the Battle of the
Cowshed, and once on Midsummer Day, the anniversary of the Rebellion.
32
Chapter 第五章 5
第五章
Chapter 5
莫丽总是好吃懒做，自我欣赏，变得让大家越
来越讨厌。老母马苜蓿发现它同隔壁庄园伙计谈
话，又在它的厩棚的干草下发现了别人贿赂它的糖
和丝带，几天后，经常出去放哨的鸽子们报告说，
莫丽已经打扮漂亮地成了一个人的拉车马。动物庄
园中便再也没有动物提起它。
动物庄园的动物们已经习惯由猪们统筹规划
下一个时期的工作。拿破仑和雪球仍在争吵。雪球
不断地学习杂志上的知识，提出各种节能减排、有
效运作的设计，在碰头会上争取了大多数的支持。
拿破仑从不提出有益的建议，但总是反对雪球的提议，并在绵羊群中拥有
不少拥护者。
动物庄园不远处有一座小山包，雪球通过勘察地形和研究分析，提议
可以在那里建造节省劳力的风车，还向大家描绘了由此带来的一周只干三
天活的美好前景。拿破仑提出反对，认为建造风车会劳神费力，当前的任
务是加快生产。雪球和拿破仑各自拥有自己的支持者，争吵得越发厉害。
雪球花了几个星期的时间，在一间空房里画了满屋子的图纸。在接下来的
碰头会上，动物们将要表决要不要开工建风车。雪球出众的口才、有效的
展示、所描述前景的美好等使得动物们都同意了他的建议，拿破仑一番反
对无效，突然一声口哨，唤来了几条凶猛的大狗朝着雪球扑去，雪球被这
些大狗赶走了。在这些凶猛卫士的簇拥下，拿破仑宣布动物庄园所有的事
物都将由拿破仑及其手下的委员会说了算。动物们吃惊地发现，这些唯拿
破仑命令是听的大狗就是以前拿破仑带去教育的九条小狗。雪球的被驱逐
33
34
Chapter 第五章 5
和拿破仑的宣布更让动物们吃惊不已，四条小猪表达了自己的不满，立刻
被狗的咆哮声和绵羊的咩咩声镇压了下去。声响器这时也成了拿破仑的御
用宣传者，他不断地说着拿破仑的好心和雪球的坏意，还用可能会回来的
琼斯吓唬为雪球辩护的人。最后，在大家伙拳手的率先表态下，动物们都
一致认同了拿破仑。不久，拿破仑宣布大家要节衣缩食，建造风车。声响
器对民众解释说拿破仑一向暗地里支持建风车。
A s winter drew on, Mollie became more and more troublesome. She
was late for work every morning and excused herself by saying that she had
overslept, and she complained of mysterious pains, although her appetite was
excellent. On every kind of pretext she would run away from work and go to
the drinking pool, where she would stand foolishly gazing at her own reflection
in the water. But there were also rumours of something more serious. One day,
as Mollie strolled blithely into the yard, flirting her long tail and chewing at a
stalk of hay, Clover took her aside.
“Mollie,” she said, “I have something very serious to say to you. This
morning I saw you looking over the hedge that divides Animal Farm from
Foxwood. One of Mr. Pilkington’s men was standing on the other side of the
hedge. And I was a long way away, but I am almost certain I saw this he was
talking to you and you were allowing him to stroke your nose. What does that
mean, Mollie?”
“He didn’t! I wasn’t! It isn’t true!” cried Mollie, beginning to prance about
and paw the ground.
“Mollie! Look me in the face. Do you give me your word of honour that
that man was not stroking your nose?”
“It isn’t true!” repeated Mollie, but she could not look Clover in the face,
and the next moment she took to her heels and galloped away into the field.
A thought struck Clover. Without saying anything to the others, she went
to Mollie’s stall and turned over the straw with her hoof. Hidden under the
straw was a little pile of lump sugar and several bunches of ribbon of different
colours.
Three days later Mollie disappeared. For some weeks nothing was known
35
of her whereabouts, then the pigeons reported that they had seen her on the
other side of Willingdon. She was between the shafts of a smart dogcart painted
red and black, which was standing outside a public-house. A fat red-faced man
in check breeches and gaiters, who looked like a publican, was stroking her
nose and feeding her with sugar. Her coat was newly clipped and she wore a
scarlet ribbon round her forelock. She appeared to be enjoying herself, so the
pigeons said. None of the animals ever mentioned Mollie again.
In January there came bitterly hard weather. The earth was like iron, and
nothing could be done in the fields. Many meetings were held in the big barn,
and the pigs occupied themselves with planning out the work of the coming
season. It had come to be accepted that the pigs, who were manifestly cleverer
than the other animals, should decide all questions of farm policy, though their
decisions had to be ratified by a majority vote. This arrangement would have
worked well enough if it had not been for the disputes between Snowball and
Napoleon. These two disagreed at every point where disagreement was possible.
If one of them suggested sowing a bigger acreage with barley, the other was
certain to demand a bigger acreage of oats, and if one of them said that such
and such a field was just right for cabbages, the other would declare that it was
useless for anything except roots. Each had his own following, and there were
some violent debates. At the Meetings Snowball often won over the majority
by his brilliant speeches, but Napoleon was better at canvassing support for
himself in between times. He was especially successful with the sheep. Of late
the sheep had taken to bleating “Four legs good, two legs bad” both in and out
of season, and they often interrupted the Meeting with this. It was noticed that
they were especially liable to break into “Four legs good, two legs bad” at
crucial moments in Snowball’s speeches. Snowball had made a close study of
some back numbers of the Farmer and Stockbreeder which he had found in the
farmhouse, and was full of plans for innovations and improvements. He talked
learnedly about field drains, silage, and basic slag, and had worked out a
complicated scheme for all the animals to drop their dung directly in the fields,
at a different spot every day, to save the labour of cartage. Napoleon produced
no schemes of his own, but said quietly that Snowball’s would come to nothing,
and seemed to be biding his time. But of all their controversies, none was so
36
Chapter 第五章 5
bitter as the one that took place over the windmill.

In the long pasture, not far from the farm buildings, there was a small
knoll which was the highest point on the farm. After surveying the ground,
Snowball declared that this was just the place for a windmill, which could be
made to operate a dynamo and supply the farm with electrical power. This
would light the stalls and warm them in winter, and would also run a circular
saw, a chaff-cutter, a mangel-slicer, and an electric milking machine. The
animals had never heard of anything of this kind before (for the farm was an
old-fashioned one and had only the most primitive machinery), and they
listened in astonishment while Snowball conjured up pictures of fantastic
machines which would do their work for them while they grazed at their ease in
the fields or improved their minds with reading and conversation.
Within a few weeks Snowball’s plans for the windmill were fully worked
out. The mechanical details came mostly from three books which had belonged
to Mr. Jones-One Thousand Useful Things to Do About the House, Every Man
His Own Bricklayer, and Electricity for Beginners. Snowball used as his study
a shed which had once been used for incubators and had a smooth wooden floor,
suitable for drawing on. He was closeted there for hours at a time. With his
books held open by a stone, and with a piece of chalk gripped between the
knuckles of his trotter, he would move rapidly to and fro, drawing in line after
line and uttering little whimpers of excitement. Gradually the plans grew into a
complicated mass of cranks and cog-wheels, covering more than half the floor,
which the other animals found completely unintelligible but very impressive.
All of them came to look at Snowball’s drawings at least once a day. Even the
hens and ducks came, and were at pains not to tread on the chalk marks. Only
Napoleon held aloof. He had declared himself against the windmill from the
start. One day, however, he arrived unexpectedly to examine the plans. He
walked heavily round the shed, looked closely at every detail of the plans and
snuffed at them once or twice, then stood for a little while contemplating them
out of the corner of his eye; then suddenly he lifted his leg, urinated over the
plans, and walked out without uttering a word.
The whole farm was deeply divided on the subject of the windmill.
Snowball did not deny that to build it would be a difficult business. Stone
37
would have to be carried and built up into walls, then the sails would have to be
made and after that there would be need for dynamos and cables. (How these
were to be procured, Snowball did not say.) But he maintained that it could all
be done in a year. And thereafter, he declared, so much labour would be saved
that the animals would only need to work three days a week. Napoleon, on the
other hand, argued that the great need of the moment was to increase food
production, and that if they wasted time on the windmill they would all starve
to death. The animals formed themselves into two factions under the slogan,
“Vote for Snowball and the three-day week” and “Vote for Napoleon and the
full manger.” Benjamin was the only animal who did not side with either
faction. He refused to believe either that food would become more plentiful or
that the windmill would save work. Windmill or no windmill, he said, life
would go on as it had always gone on that is, badly.
Apart from the disputes over the windmill, there was the question of the
defence of the farm. It was fully realised that though the human beings had
been defeated in the Battle of the Cowshed they might make another and more
determined attempt to recapture the farm and reinstate Mr. Jones. They had all
the more reason for doing so because the news of their defeat had spread across
the countryside and made the animals on the neighbouring farms more restive
than ever. As usual, Snowball and Napoleon were in disagreement. According
to Napoleon, what the animals must do was to procure firearms and train
themselves in the use of them. According to Snowball, they must send out more
and more pigeons and stir up rebellion among the animals on the other farms.
The one argued that if they could not defend themselves they were bound to be
conquered, the other argued that if rebellions happened everywhere they would
have no need to defend themselves. The animals listened first to Napoleon,
then to Snowball, and could not make up their minds which was right; indeed,
they always found themselves in agreement with the one who was speaking at
the moment.
At last the day came when Snowball’s plans were completed. At the
Meeting on the following Sunday the question of whether or not to begin work
on the windmill was to be put to the vote. When the animals had assembled in
the big barn, Snowball stood up and, though occasionally interrupted by
38
Chapter 第五章 5
bleating from the sheep, set forth his reasons for advocating the building of the
windmill. Then Napoleon stood up to reply. He said very quietly that the
windmill was nonsense and that he advised nobody to vote for it, and promptly
sat down again; he had spoken for barely thirty seconds, and seemed almost
indifferent as to the effect he produced. At this Snowball sprang to his feet, and
shouting down the sheep, who had begun bleating again, broke into a
passionate appeal in favour of the windmill. Until now the animals had been
about equally divided in their sympathies, but in a moment Snowball’s
eloquence had carried them away. In glowing sentences he painted a picture of
Animal Farm as it might be when sordid labour was lifted from the animals’
backs. His imagination had now run far beyond chaff-cutters and turnip-slicers.
Electricity, he said, could operate threshing machines, ploughs, harrows, rollers,
and reapers and binders, besides supplying every stall with its own electric
light, hot and cold water, and an electric heater. By the time he had finished
speaking, there was no doubt as to which way the vote would go. But just at
this moment Napoleon stood up and, casting a peculiar sidelong look at
Snowball, uttered a high-pitched whimper of a kind no one had ever heard him
utter before.
At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs
wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed
straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape
their snapping jaws. In a moment he was out of the door and they were after
him. Too amazed and frightened to speak, all the animals crowded through the
door to watch the chase. Snowball was racing across the long pasture that led to
the road. He was running as only a pig can run, but the dogs were close on his
heels. Suddenly he slipped and it seemed certain that they had him. Then he
was up again, running faster than ever, then the dogs were gaining on him again.
One of them all but closed his jaws on Snowball’s tail, but Snowball whisked it
free just in time. Then he put on an extra spurt and, with a few inches to spare,
slipped through a hole in the hedge and was seen no more.
Silent and terrified, the animals crept back into the barn. In a moment the
dogs came bounding back. At first no one had been able to imagine where these
creatures came from, but the problem was soon solved: they were the puppies
39
whom Napoleon had taken away from their mothers and reared privately.
Though not yet full-grown, they were huge dogs, and as fierce-looking as
wolves. They kept close to Napoleon. It was noticed that they wagged their
tails to him in the same way as the other dogs had been used to do to Mr. Jones.
Napoleon, with the dogs following him, now mounted on to the raised
portion of the floor where Major had previously stood to deliver his speech. He
announced that from now on the Sunday-morning Meetings would come to an
end. They were unnecessary, he said, and wasted time. In future all questions
relating to the working of the farm would be settled by a special committee of
pigs, presided over by himself. These would meet in private and afterwards
communicate their decisions to the others. The animals would still assemble on
Sunday mornings to salute the flag, sing Beasts of England, and receive their
orders for the week; but there would be no more debates.
In spite of the shock that Snowball’s expulsion had given them, the
animals were dismayed by this announcement. Several of them would have
protested if they could have found the right arguments. Even Boxer was
vaguely troubled. He set his ears back, shook his forelock several times, and
tried hard to marshal his thoughts; but in the end he could not think of anything
to say. Some of the pigs themselves, however, were more articulate. Four
young porkers in the front row uttered shrill squeals of disapproval, and all four
of them sprang to their feet and began speaking at once. But suddenly the dogs
sitting round Napoleon let out deep, menacing growls, and the pigs fell silent
and sat down again. Then the sheep broke out into a tremendous bleating of
“Four legs good, two legs bad!” which went on for nearly a quarter of an hour
and put an end to any chance of discussion.
Afterwards Squealer was sent round the farm to explain the new
arrangement to the others.
“Comrades,” he said, “I trust that every animal here appreciates the
sacrifice that Comrade Napoleon has made in taking this extra labour upon
himself. Do not imagine, comrades, that leadership is a pleasure! On the
contrary, it is a deep and heavy responsibility. No one believes more firmly
than Comrade Napoleon that all animals are equal. He would be only too happy
to let you make your decisions for yourselves. But sometimes you might make
40
Chapter 第五章 5
the wrong decisions, comrades, and then where should we be? Suppose you
had decided to follow Snowball, with his moonshine of windmills-Snowball,
who, as we now know, was no better than a criminal?”
“He fought bravely at the Battle of the Cowshed,” said somebody.
“Bravery is not enough,” said Squealer. “Loyalty and obedience are more
important. And as to the Battle of the Cowshed, I believe the time will come
when we shall find that Snowball’s part in it was much exaggerated. Discipline,
comrades, iron discipline! That is the watchword for today. One false step, and
our enemies would be upon us. Surely, comrades, you do not want Jones
back?”
Once again this argument was unanswerable. Certainly the animals did not
want Jones back; if the holding of debates on Sunday mornings was liable to
bring him back, then the debates must stop. Boxer, who had now had time to
think things over, voiced the general feeling by saying: “If Comrade Napoleon
says it, it must be right.” And from then on he adopted the maxim, “Napoleon
is always right,” in addition to his private motto of “I will work harder.”
By this time the weather had broken and the spring ploughing had begun.
The shed where Snowball had drawn his plans of the windmill had been shut
up and it was assumed that the plans had been rubbed off the floor. Every
Sunday morning at ten o’clock the animals assembled in the big barn to receive
their orders for the week. The skull of old Major, now clean of flesh, had been
disinterred from the orchard and set up on a stump at the foot of the flagstaff,
beside the gun. After the hoisting of the flag, the animals were required to file
past the skull in a reverent manner before entering the barn. Nowadays they did
not sit all together as they had done in the past. Napoleon, with Squealer and
another pig named Minimus, who had a remarkable gift for composing songs
and poems, sat on the front of the raised platform, with the nine young dogs
forming a semicircle round them, and the other pigs sitting behind. The rest of
the animals sat facing them in the main body of the barn. Napoleon read out the
orders for the week in a gruff soldierly style, and after a single singing of
Beasts of England, all the animals dispersed.
On the third Sunday after Snowball’s expulsion, the animals were
somewhat surprised to hear Napoleon announce that the windmill was to be
built after all. He did not give any reason for having changed his mind, but
41
merely warned the animals that this extra task would mean very hard work, it
might even be necessary to reduce their rations. The plans, however, had all
been prepared, down to the last detail. A special committee of pigs had been at
work upon them for the past three weeks. The building of the windmill, with
various other improvements, was expected to take two years.
That evening Squealer explained privately to the other animals that
Napoleon had never in reality been opposed to the windmill. On the contrary, it
was he who had advocated it in the beginning, and the plan which Snowball
had drawn on the floor of the incubator shed had actually been stolen from
among Napoleon’s papers. The windmill was, in fact, Napoleon’s own creation.
Why, then, asked somebody, had he spoken so strongly against it? Here
Squealer looked very sly. That, he said, was Comrade Napoleon’s cunning, He
had seemed to oppose the windmill, simply as a manoeuvre to get rid of
Snowball, who was a dangerous character and a bad influence. Now that
Snowball was out of the way, the plan could go forward without his
interference. This, said Squealer, was something called tactics. He repeated a
number of times, “Tactics, comrades, tactics!” skipping round and whisking his
tail with a merry laugh. The animals were not certain what the word meant, but
Squealer spoke so persuasively, and the three dogs who happened to be with
him growled so threateningly, that they accepted his explanation without
further questions.
42
Chapter 第六章 6
第六章
Chapter 6
为了建造风车，在接下来的整整一年里，庄园
的动物们都在拿破仑的号召下，奴隶般地干活，连
星期天都要劳动。他们的风车工程遇到了各种没想
到的困难。首先是打碎建筑石块的难题，他们想到
让石块滚下自然摔碎；其次就是搜集建筑石块的难
题，动物们只能靠推滚将石块运到小山。老马拳手
最有力气，它每天起早贪黑，在这两个过程中起到
了顶梁柱的作用。尽管每个动物都勤勤恳恳，毫无
怨言，可是庄园仍有没有耕完的地和未撒下的谷
子，昭示着动物们即将面临一个缺食的冬季。
这时，拿破仑宣告了一个决定，就是同周边的庄园进行交易，卖掉庄
园的干草和谷物，获取建筑物资。每个动物都想起了很久前制定出的不同
人类打交道、不做贸易的规定，感到十分别扭。曾提出意见的四个小猪此
时刚刚准备开口，又被大狗们的咆哮吓了回去。拿破仑又说，不需要动物
们面对人，它会将这个可恶的任务揽在自己的肩膀上，它已经联系了一个
叫做温普尔的律师。声响器鼓吹说，从没有过不做贸易的规定，也没有被
记载下来，是动物们搞错了。动物们也渐渐确信从没有过这条规定。
温普尔每周都来动物庄园一次，带给动物们外界关于反对动物庄园的
各种消息。动物们看到拿破仑威风凛凛地同温普尔对话，不由地升起身为
动物的自豪感。这时，猪们又宣布将住在原来琼斯所住的房子里，这让动
物们想起了曾有过不准睡床的规定。声响器带着狗宣扬说：住在房子里和
使用床单都没有违反诫条；猪们作为脑力统治者，应该好好休息，以保证
庄园的和平，和避免琼斯等人的反攻。动物们又安静下来，对接下来宣布
43
44
Chapter 第六章 6
的猪每天晚起一小时的决议也没有抱怨。到了秋天，动物们的劳作有了成
果，风车工程已经完成了一半，动物们有空就激动地围绕在风车的周围，
只有老驴子本杰明没有头脑发热。
十一月的一个寒夜里，大风吹倒了动物在庄园的许多建筑，风车也变
成了一堆废墟。拿破仑带领大家冲向了风车，发出悲伤的号叫。拿破仑说，
这些是雪球搞的鬼，还宣布判处雪球死刑，奖励动物们将雪球捉拿归案。
动物们都义愤填膺，同时，还发现了通往隔壁庄园的猪蹄印。拿破仑宣布，
即刻重新建造风车。
A ll that year the animals worked like slaves. But they were happy in
their work; they grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything that
they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would
come after them, and not for a pack of idle, thieving human beings.
Throughout the spring and summer they worked a sixty-hour week, and in
August Napoleon announced that there would be work on Sunday afternoons as
well. This work was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself
from it would have his rations reduced by half. Even so, it was found necessary
to leave certain tasks undone. The harvest was a little less successful than in the
previous year, and two fields which should have been sown with roots in the
early summer were not sown because the ploughing had not been completed
early enough. It was possible to foresee that the coming winter would be a hard
one.
The windmill presented unexpected difficulties. There was a good quarry
of limestone on the farm, and plenty of sand and cement had been found in one
of the outhouses, so that all the materials for building were at hand. But the
problem the animals could not at first solve was how to break up the stone into
pieces of suitable size. There seemed no way of doing this except with picks
and crowbars, which no animal could use, because no animal could stand on
his hind legs. Only after weeks of vain effort did the right idea occur to
somebody namely to utilise the force of gravity. Huge boulders, far too big to
be used as they were, were lying all over the bed of the quarry. The animals
lashed ropes round these, and then all together, cows, horses, sheep, any animal
45
that could lay hold of the rope-even the pigs sometimes joined in at critical
moments—they dragged them with desperate slowness up the slope to the top
of the quarry, where they were toppled over the edge, to shatter to pieces below.
Transporting the stone when it was once broken was comparatively simple. The
horses carried it off in cart-loads, the sheep dragged single blocks, even Muriel
and Benjamin yoked themselves into an old governess-cart and did their share.
By late summer a sufficient store of stone had accumulated, and then the
building began, under the superintendence of the pigs.
But it was a slow, laborious process. Frequently it took a whole day of
exhausting effort to drag a single boulder to the top of the quarry, and
sometimes when it was pushed over the edge it failed to break. Nothing could
have been achieved without Boxer, whose strength seemed equal to that of all
the rest of the animals put together. When the boulder began to slip and the
animals cried out in despair at finding themselves dragged down the hill, it was
always Boxer who strained himself against the rope and brought the boulder to
a stop. To see him toiling up the slope inch by inch, his breath coming fast, the
tips of his hoofs clawing at the ground, and his great sides matted with sweat,
filled everyone with admiration. Clover warned him sometimes to be careful
not to overstrain himself, but Boxer would never listen to her. His two slogans,
“I will work harder” and “Napoleon is always right,” seemed to him a
sufficient answer to all problems. He had made arrangements with the cockerel
to call him three-quarters of an hour earlier in the mornings instead of half an
hour. And in his spare moments, of which there were not many nowadays, he
would go alone to the quarry, collect a load of broken stone, and drag it down
to the site of the windmill unassisted.
The animals were not badly off throughout that summer, in spite of the
hardness of their work. If they had no more food than they had had in Jones’s
day, at least they did not have less. The advantage of only having to feed
themselves, and not having to support five extravagant human beings as well,
was so great that it would have taken a lot of failures to outweigh it. And in
many ways the animal method of doing things was more efficient and saved
labour. Such jobs as weeding, for instance, could be done with a thoroughness
impossible to human beings. And again, since no animal now stole, it was
46
Chapter 第六章 6
unnecessary to fence offpasture from arable land, which saved a lot of labour
on the upkeep of hedges and gates. Nevertheless, as the summer wore on,
various unforeseen shortages began to make them selves felt. There was need
of paraffin oil, nails, string, dog biscuits, and iron for the horses’ shoes, none of
which could be produced on the farm. Later there would also be need for seeds
and artificial manures, besides various tools and, finally, the machinery for the
windmill. How these were to be procured, no one was able to imagine.
One Sunday morning, when the animals assembled to receive their orders,
Napoleon announced that he had decided upon a new policy. From now
onwards Animal Farm would engage in trade with the neighbouring farms: not,
of course, for any commercial purpose, but simply in order to obtain certain
materials which were urgently necessary. The needs of the windmill must
override everything else, he said. He was therefore making arrangements to sell
a stack of hay and part of the current year’s wheat crop, and later on, if more
money were needed, it would have to be made up by the sale of eggs, for which
there was always a market in Willingdon. The hens, said Napoleon, should
welcome this sacrifice as their own special contribution towards the building of
the windmill.
Once again the animals were conscious of a vague uneasiness. Never to
have any dealings with human beings, never to engage in trade, never to make
use of money had not these been among the earliest resolutions passed at that
first triumphant Meeting after Jones was expelled? All the animals remembered
passing such resolutions: or at least they thought that they remembered it. The
four young pigs who had protested when Napoleon abolished the Meetings
raised their voices timidly, but they were promptly silenced by a tremendous
growling from the dogs. Then, as usual, the sheep broke into “Four legs good,
two legs bad!” and the momentary awkwardness was smoothed over. Finally
Napoleon raised his trotter for silence and announced that he had already made
all the arrangements. There would be no need for any of the animals to come in
contact with human beings, which would clearly be most undesirable. He
intended to take the whole burden upon his own shoulders. A Mr. Whymper, a
solicitor living in Willingdon, had agreed to act as intermediary between
Animal Farm and the outside world, and would visit the farm every Monday
47
morning to receive his instructions. Napoleon ended his speech with his usual
cry of “Long live Animal Farm!” and after the singing of Beasts of England the
animals were dismissed.
Afterwards Squealer made a round of the farm and set the animals’ minds
at rest. He assured them that the resolution against engaging in trade and using
money had never been passed, or even suggested. It was pure imagination,
probably traceable in the beginning to lies circulated by Snowball. A few
animals still felt faintly doubtful, but Squealer asked them shrewdly, “Are you
certain that this is not something that you have dreamed, comrades? Have you
any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere?” And since it
was certainly true that nothing of the kind existed in writing, the animals were
satisfied that they had been mistaken.
Every Monday Mr. Whymper visited the farm as had been arranged. He
was a sly-looking little man with side whiskers, a solicitor in a very small way
of business, but sharp enough to have realised earlier than anyone else that
Animal Farm would need a broker and that the commissions would be worth
having. The animals watched his coming and going with a kind of dread, and
avoided him as much as possible. Nevertheless, the sight of Napoleon, on all
fours, delivering orders to Whymper, who stood on two legs, roused their pride
and partly reconciled them to the new arrangement. Their relations with the
human race were now not quite the same as they had been before. The human
beings did not hate Animal Farm any less now that it was prospering; indeed,
they hated it more than ever. Every human being held it as an article of faith
that the farm would go bankrupt sooner or later, and, above all, that the
windmill would be a failure. They would meet in the public-houses and prove
to one another by means of diagrams that the windmill was bound to fall down,
or that if it did stand up, then that it would never work. And yet, against their
will, they had developed a certain respect for the efficiency with which the
animals were managing their own affairs. One symptom of this was that they
had begun to call Animal Farm by its proper name and ceased to pretend that it
was called the Manor Farm. They had also dropped their championship of
Jones, who had given up hope of getting his farm back and gone to live in
another part of the county. Except through Whymper, there was as yet no
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Chapter 第六章 6
contact between Animal Farm and the outside world, but there were constant
rumours that Napoleon was about to enter into a definite business agreement
either with Mr. Pilkington of Foxwood or with Mr. Frederick of Pinchfield-but
never, it was noticed, with both simultaneously.
It was about this time that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and
took up their residence there. Again the animals seemed to remember that a
resolution against this had been passed in the early days, and again Squealer
was able to convince them that this was not the case. It was absolutely
necessary, he said, that the pigs, who were the brains of the farm, should have a
quiet place to work in. It was also more suited to the dignity of the Leader (for
of late he had taken to speaking of Napoleon under the title of “Leader”) to live
in a house than in a mere sty. Nevertheless, some of the animals were disturbed
when they heard that the pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used
the drawing-room as a recreation room, but also slept in the beds. Boxer passed
it off as usual with “Napoleon is always right!”, but Clover, who thought she
remembered a definite ruling against beds, went to the end of the barn and tried
to puzzle out the Seven Commandments which were inscribed there. Finding
herself unable to read more than individual letters, she fetched Muriel.
“Muriel,” she said, “read me the Fourth Commandment. Does it not say
something about never sleeping in a bed?”
With some difficulty Muriel spelt it out.
“It says, ‘No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets,’” she announced
finally.
Curiously enough, Clover had not remembered that the Fourth
Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall, it must have
done so. And Squealer, who happened to be passing at this moment, attended
by two or three dogs, was able to put the whole matter in its proper perspective.
“You have heard then, comrades,” he said, “that we pigs now sleep in the
beds of the farmhouse? And why not? You did not suppose, surely, that there
was ever a ruling against beds? A bed merely means a place to sleep in. A pile
of straw in a stall is a bed, properly regarded. The rule was against sheets,
which are a human invention. We have removed the sheets from the farmhouse
beds, and sleep between blankets. And very comfortable beds they are too! But
49
not more comfortable than we need, I can tell you, comrades, with all the
brainwork we have to do nowadays. You would not rob us of our repose, would
you, comrades? You would not have us too tired to carry out our duties? Surely
none of you wishes to see Jones back?”
The animals reassured him on this point immediately, and no more was
said about the pigs sleeping in the farmhouse beds. And when, some days
afterwards, it was announced that from now on the pigs would get up an hour
later in the mornings than the other animals, no complaint was made about that
either.
By the autumn the animals were tired but happy. They had had a hard year,
and after the sale of part of the hay and corn, the stores of food for the winter
were none too plentiful, but the windmill compensated for everything. It was
almost half built now. After the harvest there was a stretch of clear dry weather,
and the animals toiled harder than ever, thinking it well worth while to plod to
and fro all day with blocks of stone if by doing so they could raise the walls
another foot. Boxer would even come out at nights and work for an hour or two
on his own by the light of the harvest moon. In their spare moments the animals
would walk round and round the half-finished mill, admiring the strength and
perpendicularity of its walls and marvelling that they should ever have been
able to build anything so imposing. Only old Benjamin refused to grow
enthusiastic about the windmill, though, as usual, he would utter nothing
beyond the cryptic remark that donkeys live a long time.
November came, with raging south-west winds. Building had to stop
because it was now too wet to mix the cement. Finally there came a night when
the gale was so violent that the farm buildings rocked on their foundations and
several tiles were blown off the roof of the barn. The hens woke up squawking
with terror because they had all dreamed simultaneously of hearing a gun go
off in the distance. In the morning the animals came out of their stalls to find
that the flagstaff had been blown down and an elm tree at the foot of the
orchard had been plucked up like a radish. They had just noticed this when a
cry of despair broke from every animal’s throat. A terrible sight had met their
eyes. The windmill was in ruins.
With one accord they dashed down to the spot. Napoleon, who seldom
50
Chapter 第六章 6
moved out of a walk, raced ahead of them all. Yes, there it lay, the fruit of all
their struggles, levelled to its foundations, the stones they had broken and
carried so laboriously scattered all around. Unable at first to speak, they stood
gazing mournfully at the litter of fallen stone Napoleon paced to and fro in
silence, occasionally snuffing at the ground. His tail had grown rigid and
twitched sharply from side to side, a sign in him of intense mental activity.
Suddenly he halted as though his mind were made up.
“Comrades,” he said quietly, “do you know who is responsible for this?
Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our
windmill? Snowball!” he suddenly roared in a voice of thunder. “Snowball has
done this thing! In sheer malignity, thinking to set back our plans and avenge
himself for his ignominious expulsion, this traitor has crept here under cover of
night and destroyed our work of nearly a year. Comrades, here and now I
pronounce the death sentence upon Snowbalk ‘Animal Hero, Second Class,’
and half a bushel of apples to any animal who brings him to justice. A full
bushel to anyone who captures him alive!”
The animals were shocked beyond measure to learn that even Snowball
could be guilty of such an action. There was a cry of indignation, and everyone
began thinking out ways of catching Snowball if he should ever come back.
Almost immediately the footprints of a pig were discovered in the grass at a
little distance from the knoll. They could only be traced for a few yards, but
appeared to lead to a hole in the hedge. Napoleon snuffed deeply at them and
pronounced them to be Snowball’s. He gave it as his opinion that Snowball had
probably come from the direction of Foxwood Farm.
“No more delays, comrades!” cried Napoleon when the footprints had
been examined. “There is work to be done. This very morning we begin
rebuilding the windmill, and we will build all through the winter, rain or shine.
We will teach this miserable traitor that he cannot undo our work so easily.
Remember, comrades, there must be no alteration in our plans: they shall be
carried out to the day. Forward, comrades! Long live the windmill! Long live
Animal Farm!”
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第七章
Chapter 7
天寒地冻的冬天里，动物们要建造比上次厚一
倍的风车墙壁。动物们比前一阵更加辛苦地工作
着，不断地滚石块、运石块。动物们都饥寒交迫，
只能靠着拳手和苜蓿的热情干劲鼓舞士气。这时，
他们的粮食快要吃完了，埋藏在地下的土豆也坏掉
了，动物庄园即将面临饥荒。
自从风车倒了以后，外界又开始了动物农庄的
各种谣言，说它们已经挣扎在饥荒和瘟疫的死亡线
上。为了应付外界的言论，拿破仑命令动物们在每
次温普尔来时，都要将食物筐摆在显眼位置，伪装
成还有许多食物的样子。
拿破仑现在几乎不出门，这天，他通过声响器，下达了一个命令：所
有的下蛋的母鸡必须上缴它们的鸡蛋，以换回庄园所需的谷物，维持到夏
天。母鸡们立刻强烈反对，并进行了有组织地上房屋椽子上产蛋的抗议活
动。拿破仑迅速命令停止供应给母鸡饲料，对于敢接济母鸡者一律判处死
刑。经过五天的坚持，母鸡们终于屈服了。温普尔每周会按时来取走鸡蛋。
这段时间，庄园里流传着雪球就躲在隔壁庄园的消息。不久，只要是
庄园里出现一点破坏，比如打翻牛奶、践踏苗圃等，都被说成是雪球夜间
潜来进行的破坏。拿破仑下令彻底调查，它在几条狗的拥护下东闻西嗅，
时不时发出雪球到过此地的通告，动物们吓得战战兢兢。晚上，声响器郑
重地告诉大家，雪球早在庄园造反之初，就已经和琼斯联合起来，那次反
击战就是明证。动物们都还记得，在那场面对人类的反击战中，雪球不断
冲锋陷阵英勇指挥，是它领导大家取得了胜利，还获得了一级动物勋章。
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Chapter 第七章 7
53
动物们对声响器的宣称感到难以理解，连一向对领导者没有异议的拳手也
迷惑不解，提出了自己的疑问。声响器回答说，一切冲锋陷阵的行为都是
事先安排好的，它还绘声绘色地描绘了当时雪球的表现，动物们开始相信
这件事。拳手本来还是半信半疑，但听到声响器说拿破仑已经认定雪球是
琼斯的奸细，便也相信了。声响器临走时又补充说，特务还潜藏在庄园里。
过了几天，所有的动物们都被聚集在大院子里，拿破仑在狗的簇拥下，威
风凛凛地站在那里。还没有等动物们明白怎么回事，几条狗一拥而上，先
袭击了那四条小猪，又冲向了拳手，其中一条狗被拳手一脚按在地上。喧
闹平息后，拿破仑喝令各位动物坦白罪行，被拖到拿破仑面前的小猪们承
认它们一直和雪球有秘密来往，小猪立刻被大狗撕碎。接着，鸡蛋事件中
领头造反的几只母鸡、一只羊和一只鹅都交待了同雪球勾结的罪状，也立
刻被大狗杀掉了。动物们被眼前的景象惊呆，散会后挤成一堆悄悄地离去。
动物庄园迄今为止没有杀过一个小动物，亲眼看到的杀戮让它们痛苦不
安，它们想起动物庄园当初的约定，默默无语。拳手说，自己以后要加倍
努力工作，说完便拉着两车石头走向了风车。动物们挤在苜蓿身边，躺在
小山包上。苜蓿看着脚下的庄园，过去的美好期盼、一直以来的辛苦劳动
和眼前的现实景象交织在脑海里，形成了难以名状的感情，于是，它唱起
了《英格兰的牲畜》，所有的动物都跟着忧伤地唱了起来。这时，声响器
出现在它们眼前，宣称《英格兰的牲畜》这首歌已经被禁止。以后每次升
旗时，改唱另一首歌。
I t was a bitter winter. The stormy weather was followed by sleet and
snow, and then by a hard frost which did not break till well into February. The
animals carried on as best they could with the rebuilding of the windmill, well
knowing that the outside world was watching them and that the envious human
beings would rejoice and triumph if the mill were not finished on time.
Out of spite, the human beings pretended not to believe that it was
Snowball who had destroyer the windmill: they said that it had fallen down
because the walls were too thin. The animals knew that this was not the case.
Still, it had been decided to build the walls three feet thick this time instead of
eighteen inches as before, which meant collecting much larger quantities of
stone. For a long time the quarry was full of snowdrifts and nothing could be
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Chapter 第七章 7
done. Some progress was made in the dry frosty weather that followed, but it
was cruel work, and the animals could not feel so hopeful about it as they had
felt before. They were always cold, and usually hungry as well. Only Boxer
and Clover never lost heart. Squealer made excellent speeches on the joy of
service and the dignity of labour, but the other animals found more inspiration
in Boxer’s strength and his never-failing cry of “I will work harder!”
In January food fell short. The corn ration was drastically reduced, and it
was announced that an extra potato ration would be issued to make up for it.
Then it was discovered that the greater part of the potato crop had been frosted
in the clamps, which had not been covered thickly enough. The potatoes had
become soft and discoloured, and only a few were edible. For days at a time the
animals had nothing to eat but chaff and mangels. Starvation seemed to stare
them in the face.
It was vitally necessary to conceal this fact from the outside world.
Emboldened by the collapse of the windmill, the human beings were inventing
fresh lies about Animal Farm. Once again it was being put about that all the
animals were dying of famine and disease, and that they were continually
fighting among themselves and had resorted to cannibalism and infanticide.
Napoleon was well aware of the bad results that might follow if the real facts of
the food situation were known, and he decided to make use of Mr. Whymper to
spread a contrary impression. Hitherto the animals had had little or no contact
with Whymper on his weekly visits: now, however, a few selected animals,
mostly sheep, were instructed to remark casually in his hearing that rations had
been increased. In addition, Napoleon ordered the almost empty bins in the
store-shed to be filled nearly to the brim with sand, which was then covered up
with what remained of the grain and meal. On some suitable pretext Whymper
was led through the store-shed and allowed to catch a glimpse of the bins. He
was deceived, and continued to report to the outside world that there was no
food shortage on Animal Farm.
Nevertheless, towards the end of January it became obvious that it would
be necessary to procure some more grain from somewhere. In these days
Napoleon rarely appeared in public, but spent all his time in the farmhouse,
which was guarded at each door by fierce-looking dogs. When he did emerge,
55
it was in a ceremonial manner, with an escort of six dogs who closely

surrounded him and growled if anyone came too near. Frequently he did not
even appear on Sunday mornings, but issued his orders through one of the other
pigs, usually Squealer.
One Sunday morning Squealer announced that the hens, who had just
come in to lay again, must surrender their eggs. Napoleon had accepted,
through Whymper, a contract for four hundred eggs a week. The price of these
would pay for enough grain and meal to keep the farm going till summer came
on and conditions were easier.
When the hens heard this, they raised a terrible outcry. They had been
warned earlier that this sacrifice might be necessary, but had not believed that it
would really happen. They were just getting their clutches ready for the spring
sitting, and they protested that to take the eggs away now was murder. For the
first time since the expulsion of Jones, there was something resembling a
rebellion. Led by three young Black Minorca pullets, the hens made a
determined effort to thwart Napoleon’s wishes. Their method was to fly up to
the rafters and there lay their eggs, which smashed to pieces on the floor.
Napoleon acted swiftly and ruthlessly. He ordered the hens’ rations to be
stopped, and decreed that any animal giving so much as a grain of corn to a hen
should be punished by death. The dogs saw to it that these orders were carried
out. For five days the hens held out, then they capitulated and went back to
their nesting boxes. Nine hens had died in the meantime. Their bodies were
buried in the orchard, and it was given out that they had died of coccidiosis.
Whymper heard nothing of this affair, and the eggs were duly delivered, a
grocer’s van driving up to the farm once a week to take them away.
All this while no more had been seen of Snowball. He was rumoured to be
hiding on one of the neighbouring farms, either Foxwood or Pinchfield.
Napoleon was by this time on slightly better terms with the other farmers than
before. It happened that there was in the yard a pile of timber which had been
stacked there ten years earlier when a beech spinney was cleared. It was well
seasoned, and Whymper had advised Napoleon to sell it; both Mr. Pilkington
and Mr. Frederick were anxious to buy it. Napoleon was hesitating between the
two, unable to make up his mind. It was noticed that whenever he seemed on
56
Chapter 第七章 7
the point of coming to an agreement with Frederick, Snowball was declared to

be in hiding at Foxwood, while, when he inclined toward Pilkington, Snowball
was said to be at Pinchfield.
Suddenly, early in the spring, an alarming thing was discovered. Snowball
was secretly frequenting the farm by night! The animals were so disturbed that
they could hardly sleep in their stalls. Every night, it was said, he came
creeping in under cover of darkness and performed all kinds of mischief. He
stole the corn, he upset the milk-pails, he broke the eggs, he trampled the
seedbeds, he gnawed the bark off the fruit trees. Whenever anything went
wrong it became usual to attribute it to Snowball. If a window was broken or a
drain was blocked up, someone was certain to say that Snowball had come in
the night and done it, and when the key of the store-shed was lost, the whole
farm was convinced that Snowball had thrown it down the well. Curiously
enough, they went on believing this even after the mislaid key was found under
a sack of meal. The cows declared unanimously that Snowball crept into their
stalls and milked them in their sleep. The rats, which had been troublesome that
winter, were also said to be in league with Snowball.
Napoleon decreed that there should be a full investigation into Snowball’s
activities. With his dogs in attendance he set out and made a careful tour of
inspection of the farm buildings, the other animals following at a respectful
distance. At every few steps Napoleon stopped and snuffed the ground for
traces of Snowball’s footsteps, which, he said, he could detect by the smell. He
snuffed in every corner, in the barn, in the cow-shed, in the henhouses, in the
vegetable garden, and found traces of Snowball almost everywhere. He would
put his snout to the ground, give several deep sniffs, ad exclaim in a terrible
voice, “Snowball! He has been here! I can smell him distinctly!” and at the
word “Snowball” all the dogs let out blood-curdling growls and showed their
side teeth.
The animals were thoroughly frightened. It seemed to them as though
Snowball were some kind of invisible influence, pervading the air about them
and menacing them with all kinds of dangers. In the evening Squealer called
them together, and with an alarmed expression on his face told them that he
had some serious news to report.
57
“Comrades!” cried Squealer, making little nervous skips, “a most terrible

thing has been discovered. Snowball has sold himself to Frederick of Pinchfield
Farm, who is even now plotting to attack us and take our farm away from us!
Snowball is to act as his guide when the attack begins. But there is worse than
that. We had thought that Snowball’s rebellion was caused simply by his vanity
and ambition. But we were wrong, comrades. Do you know what the real
reason was? Snowball was in league with Jones from the very start! tie was
Jones’s secret agent all the time. It has all been proved by documents which he
left behind him and which we have only just discovered. To my mind this
explains a great deal, comrades. Did we not see for ourselves how he attempted
fortunately without success to get us defeated and destroyed at the Battle of the
Cowshed?”
The animals were stupefied. This was a wickedness far outdoing
Snowball’s destruction of the windmill. But it was some minutes before they
could fully take it in. They all remembered, or thought they remembered, how
they had seen Snowball charging ahead of them at the Battle of the Cowshed,
how he had rallied and encouraged them at every turn, and how he had not
paused for an instant even when the pellets from Jones’s gun had wounded his
back. At first it was a little difficult to see how this fitted in with his being on
Jones’s side. Even Boxer, who seldom asked questions, was puzzled. He lay
down, tucked his fore hoofs beneath him, shut his eyes, and with a hard effort
managed to formulate his thoughts.
“I do not believe that,” he said. “Snowball fought bravely at the Battle of
the Cowshed. I saw him myself. Did we not give him ‘Animal Hero, first
Class,’ immediately afterwards?”
“That was our mistake, comrade. For we know now it is all written down
in the secret documents that we have found that in reality he was trying to lure
us to our doom.”
“But he was wounded,” said Boxer. “We all saw him running with blood.”
“That was part of the arrangement!” cried Squealer. “Jones’s shot only
grazed him. I could show you this in his own writing, if you were able to read it.
The plot was for Snowball, at the critical moment, to give the signal for flight
and leave the field to the enemy. And he very nearly succeeded, l will even say,
58
Chapter 第七章 7
comrades, he would have succeeded if it had not been for our heroic Leader,
Comrade Napoleon. Do you not remember how, just at the moment when Jones
and his men had got inside the yard, Snowball suddenly turned and fled, and
many animals followed him? And do you not remember, too, that it was just at
that moment, when panic was spreading and all seemed lost, that Comrade
Napoleon sprang forward with a cry of ‘Death to Humanity!’ and sank his teeth
in Jones’s leg? Surely you remember that, comrades?” exclaimed Squealer,
frisking from side to side.
Now when Squealer described the scene so graphically, it seemed to the
animals that they did remember it. At any rate, they remembered that at the
critical moment of the battle Snowball had turned to flee. But Boxer was still a
little uneasy.
“I do not believe that Snowball was a traitor at the beginning,” he said
finally. “What he has done since is different. But I believe that at the Battle of
the Cowshed he was a good comrade.”
“Our Leader, Comrade Napoleon,” announced Squealer, speaking very
slowly and firmly, “has stated categorically, comrade, that Snowball was
Jones’s agent from the very beginning, yes, and from long before the Rebellion
was ever thought of.”
“Ah, that is different!” said Boxer. “If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must
be right.”
“That is the true spirit, comrade!” cried Squealer, but it was noticed he
cast a very ugly look at Boxer with his little twinkling eyes. He turned to go,
then paused and added impressively: “I warn every animal on this farm to keep
his eyes very wide open. For we have reason to think that some of Snowball’s
secret agents are lurking among us at this moment!”
Four days later, in the late afternoon, Napoleon ordered all the animals to
assemble in the yard. When they were all gathered together, Napoleon emerged
from the farmhouse, wearing both his medals (for he had recently awarded
himself “Animal Hero, First Class,” and “Animal Hero, Second Class”), with
his nine huge dogs frisking round him and uttering growls that sent shivers
down all the animals’ spines. They all cowered silently in their places, seeming
to know in advance that some terrible thing was about to happen.
59
Napoleon stood sternly surveying his audience; then he uttered a

high-pitched whimper. Immediately the dogs bounded forward, seized four of
the pigs by the ear and dragged them, squealing with pain and terror, to
Napoleon’s feet. The pigs’ ears were bleeding, the dogs had tasted blood, and
for a few moments they appeared to go quite mad. To the amazement of
everybody, three of them flung themselves upon Boxer. Boxer saw them
coming and put out his great hoof, caught a dog in mid-air, and pinned him to
the ground. The dog shrieked for mercy and the other two fled with their tails
between their legs. Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should crush
the dog to death or let it go. Napoleon appeared to change countenance, and
sharply ordered Boxer to let the dog go, whereat Boxer lifted his hoof, and the
dog slunk away, bruised and howling.
Presently the tumult died down. The four pigs waited, trembling, with
guilt written on every line of their countenances. Napoleon now called upon
them to confess their crimes. They were the same four pigs as had protested
when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings. Without any further prompting
they confessed that they had been secretly in touch with Snowball ever since
his expulsion, that they had collaborated with him in destroying the windmill,
and that they had entered into an agreement with him to hand over Animal
Farm to Mr. Frederick. They added that Snowball had privately admitted to
them that he had been Jones’s secret agent for years past. When they had
finished their confession, the dogs promptly tore their throats out, and in a
terrible voice Napoleon demanded whether any other animal had anything to
confess.
The three hens who had been the ringleaders in the attempted rebellion
over the eggs now came forward and stated that Snowball had appeared to
them in a dream and incited them to disobey Napoleon’s orders. They, too,
were slaughtered. Then a goose came forward and confessed to having secreted
six ears of corn during the last year’s harvest and eaten them in the night. Then
a sheep confessed to having urinated in the drinking pool-urged to do this, so
she said, by Snowball, and two other sheep confessed to having murdered an
old ram, an especially devoted follower of Napoleon, by chasing him round and
round a bonfire when he was suffering from a cough. They were all slain on the
60
Chapter 第七章 7
spot. And so the tale of confessions and executions went on, until there was a
pile of corpses lying before Napoleon’s feet and the air was heavy with the
smell of blood, which had been unknown there since the expulsion of Jones.
When it was all over, the remaining animals, except for the pigs and dogs,
crept ,away in a body. They were shaken and miserable. They did not know
which was more shocking—the treachery of the animals who had leagued
themselves with Snowball, or the cruel retribution they had just witnessed. In
the old days there had often been scenes of bloodshed equally terrible, but it
seemed to all of them that it was far worse now that it was happening among
themselves. Since Jones had left the farm, until today, no animal had killed
another animal. Not even a rat had been killed. They had made their way on to
the little knoll where the half-finished windmill stood, and with one accord
they all lay down as though huddling together for warmth, Clover, Muriel,
Benjamin, the cows, the sheep, and a whole flock of geese and hens, everyone,
indeed, except the cat, who had suddenly disappeared just before Napoleon
ordered the animals to assemble. For some time nobody spoke. Only Boxer
remained on his feet. He fidgeted to and fro, swishing his long black tail
against his sides and occasionally uttering a little whinny of surprise. Finally he
said:
“I do not understand it. I would not have believed that such things could
happen on our farm. It must be due to some fault in ourselves. The solution, as
I see it, is to work harder. From now onwards I shall get up a full hour earlier in
the mornings.”
And he moved off at his lumbering trot and made for the quarry. Having
got there, he collected two successive loads of stone and dragged them down to
the windmill before retiring for the night.
The animals huddled about Clover, not speaking. The knoll where they
were lying gave them a wide prospect across the countryside. Most of Animal
Farm was within their view—the long pasture stretching down to the main road,
the hayfield, the spinney, the drinking pool, the ploughed fields where the
young wheat was thick and green, and the red roofs of the farm buildings with
the smoke curling from the chimneys. It was a clear spring evening. The grass
and the bursting hedges were gilded by the level rays of the sun. Never had the
61
farm and with a kind of surprise they remembered that it was their own farm,
every inch of it their own property—appeared to the animals so desirable a
place. As Clover looked down the hillside her eyes filled with tears. If she
could have spoken her thoughts, it would have been to say that this was not
what they had aimed at when they had set themselves years ago to work for the
overthrow of the human race. These scenes of terror and slaughter were not
what they had looked forward to on that night when old Major first stirred them
to rebellion. If she herself had had any picture of the future, it had been of a
society of animals set free from hunger and the whip, all equal, each working
according to his capacity, the strong protecting the weak, as she had protected
the lost brood of ducklings with her foreleg on the night of Major’s speech.
Instead, she did not know why they had come to a time when no one dared
speak his mind, when fierce, growling dogs roamed everywhere, and when you
had to watch your comrades torn to pieces after confessing to shocking crimes.
There was no thought of rebellion or disobedience in her mind. She knew that,
even as things were, they were far better off than they had been in the days of
Jones, and that before all else it was needful to prevent the return of the human
beings. Whatever happened she would remain faithful, work hard, carry out the
orders that were given to her, and accept the leadership of Napoleon. But still,
it was not for this that she and all the other animals had hoped and toiled. It was
not for this that they had built the windmill and faced the bullets of Jones’s gun.
Such were her thoughts, though she lacked the words to express them.
At last, feeling this to be in some way a substitute for the words she was
unable to find, she began to sing Beasts of England. The other animals sitting
round her took it up, and they sang it three times over, very tunefully, but
slowly and mournfully, in a way they had never sung it before.
They had just finished singing it for the third time when Squealer, attended
by two dogs, approached them with the air of having something important to
say. He announced that, by a special decree of Comrade Napoleon, Beasts of
England had been abolished. From now onwards it was forbidden to sing it.
The animals were taken aback.
“Why?” cried Muriel.
“It’s no longer needed, comrade,” said Squealer stiffly. “Beasts of England
62
Chapter 第七章 7
was the song of the Rebellion. But the Rebellion is now completed. The
execution of the traitors this afternoon was the final act. The enemy both
external and internal has been defeated. In Beasts of England we expressed our
longing for a better society in days to come. But that society has now been
established. Clearly this song has no longer any purpose.”
Frightened though they were, some of the animals might possibly have
protested, but at this moment the sheep set up their usual bleating of “Four legs
good, two legs bad,” which went on for several minutes and put an end to the
discussion.
So Beasts of England was heard no more. In its place Minimus, the poet,
had composed another song which began:
Animal Farm, Animal Farm,
Never through me shalt thou come to harm!
And this was sung every Sunday morning after the hoisting of the flag.
But somehow neither the words nor the tune ever seemed to the animals to
come up to Beasts of England.
63
第八章
Chapter 8
几天以后，苜蓿请求穆丽尔念七诫，发现“不
准杀害动物”那一条多了“毫无缘由地”这几个字，
便承认杀死动物是正当地保卫庄园的活动了。
拿破仑它们现在已经住在专门的房间里，由专
门的卫士守卫。拿破仑在庄园里的声望无限提高。
在声响器的宣传下，庄园里的每一个动物都习惯了
将自己所取得的任何劳动果实，哪怕下蛋、喝水都
归功于拿破仑的英明领导。拿破仑的肖像和它的赞
美诗也被画在了墙上。这时，拿破仑在温普尔的联
系下，为了卖掉庄园的木材，开始和动物庄园的两
位邻居皮尔金顿和弗雷德里克进行复杂的谈判。各种谣言传来，说弗雷德
里克试图破坏风车，弗雷德里克虐待农场动物等等，弗雷德里克成了动物
庄园的众矢之的，所有的动物都想得而诛之。拿破仑也说自己准备把木材
卖给皮尔金顿。同时，雪球也被宣称在不断地破坏庄园，动物们都相信自
己的记忆出了问题，雪球从没有指挥过反击战等等。
几天后，拿破仑宣告，自己已经将木材卖给了弗雷德里克。动物们都
惊讶万分，好半天才明白过来，原来所有的一切都是拿破仑的计谋，迫使
弗雷德里克提高了木材的价格。现在风车已经建成，所有的动物都兴奋不
已，弗雷德里克提供的价钱正好够买风车所需的设备。木材拉完以后，所
有动物都被召集起来看一看钞票。但没过多久，动物们收到的是假钞票便
如同野火般在庄园蔓延开来。弗雷德里克组织了人力将要进攻动物庄园。
拿破仑和拳手聚集起来全体动物，但在战争爆发的一开始就溃不成军，因
为它们无法抵挡人的枪声和子弹。动物们躲在厩棚里，看到弗雷德里克一
64
Chapter 第八章 8
65
帮人将冒烟的东西塞进风车，驴子本杰明说那是炸药，风车随即就被炸得
灰飞烟灭了。看到这些，动物们不顾枪林弹雨，愤怒地发动反击，连拿破
仑都受了一点伤。在损失了好几条生命后，筋疲力尽的动物们终于赶跑了
进攻者。动物庄园还是一片狼藉、动物们还沉浸在风车和同类的损失造成
的悲痛中，就被告知举行庆功会。在拿破仑等人的参与组织和带动下，动
物们很快忘了假钞事件和风车已被毁坏，全体欢庆起来。没过几天，领导
集体们在所住的院子下发现了窖藏的酒。之后，其他动物们便发现院子里
常传来欢闹声，拿破仑甚至还穿着琼斯以前的衣服。声响器一次沉重地宣
布拿破仑病危，第二天又宣布拿破仑正在恢复。动物们又得知拿破仑等正
预备酿酒，动物们得到命令要在一块空地上播种大麦，那块空地原是为退
休的动物准备的。同时，动物们还意外地发现声响器有一次在写有七诫的
墙边摔倒，旁边是些梯子、油漆等。那七诫的第五条“不准饮酒”变成了
“不准饮酒过量”，所有的动物都感到难以理解，或者自己的记忆出了错，
除了本杰明。
A few days later, when the terror caused by the executions had died
down, some of the animals remembered—or thought they remembered—that
the Sixth Commandment decreed “No animal shall kill any other animal.” And
though no one cared to mention it in the hearing of the pigs or the dogs, it was
felt that the killings which had taken place did not square with this. Clover
asked Benjamin to read her the Sixth Commandment, and when Benjamin, as
usual, said that he refused to meddle in such matters, she fetched Muriel.
Muriel read the Commandment for her. It ran: “No animal shall kill any other
animal without cause.” Somehow or other, the last two words had slipped out
of the animals’ memory. But they saw now that the Commandment had not
been violated; for clearly there was good reason for killing the traitors who had
leagued themselves with Snowball.
Throughout the year the animals worked even harder than they had
worked in the previous year. To rebuild the windmill, with walls twice as thick
as before, and to finish it by the appointed date, together with the regular work
of the farm, was a tremendous labour. There were times when it seemed to the
animals that they worked longer hours and fed no better than they had done in
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Chapter 第八章 8
Jones’s day. On Sunday mornings Squealer, holding down a long strip of paper
with his trotter, would read out to them lists of figures proving that the
production of every class of foodstuff had increased by two hundred per cent,
three hundred per cent, or five hundred per cent, as the case might be. The
animals saw no reason to disbelieve him, especially as they could no longer
remember very clearly what conditions had been like before the Rebellion. All
the same, there were days when they felt that they would sooner have had less
figures and more food.
All orders were now issued through Squealer or one of the other pigs.
Napoleon himself was not seen in public as often as once in a fortnight. When
he did appear, he was attended not only by his retinue of dogs but by a black
cockerel who marched in front of him and acted as a kind of trumpeter, letting
out a loud “cock-a-doodle-doo” before Napoleon spoke. Even in the farmhouse,
it was said, Napoleon inhabited separate apartments from the others. He took
his meals alone, with two dogs to wait upon him, and always ate from the
Crown Derby dinner service which had been in the glass cupboard in the
drawing-room. It was also announced that the gun would be fired every year on
Napoleon’s birthday, as well as on the other two anniversaries.
Napoleon was now never spoken of simply as “Napoleon.” He was always
referred to in formal style as “our Leader, Comrade Napoleon,” and this pigs
liked to invent for him such titles as Father of All Animals, Terror of Mankind,
Protector of the Sheep-fold, Ducklings’ Friend, and the like. In his speeches,
Squealer would talk with the tears rolling down his cheeks of Napoleon’s
wisdom the goodness of his heart, and the deep love he bore to all animals
everywhere, even and especially the unhappy animals who still lived in
ignorance and slavery on other farms. It had become usual to give Napoleon
the credit for every successful achievement and every stroke of good fortune.
You would often hear one hen remark to another: “Under the guidance of our
Leader, Comrade Napoleon, I have laid five eggs in six days”; or two cows,
enjoying a drink at the pool, would exclaim: “Thanks to the leadership of
Comrade Napoleon, how excellent this water tastes!” The general feeling on
the farm was well expressed in a poem entitled Comrade Napoleon, which was
composed by Minimus and which ran as follows:
67
Friend of fatherless !
Fountain of happiness!
Lord of the swill-bucket! Oh, how my soul is on
Fire when I gaze at thy
Calm and commanding eye,
Like the sun in the sky,
Comrade Napoleon!
Thou are the giver of
All that thy creatures love,
Full belly twice a day, clean straw to roll upon;
Every beast great or small
Sleeps at peace in his stall,
Thou watchest over all,
Comrade Napoleon!
Had I a sucking-pig,
Ere he had grown as big
Even as a pint bottle or as a rolling-pin,
He should have learned to be
Faithful and true to thee,
Yes, his first squeak should be
“Comrade Napoleon!”
Napoleon approved of this poem and caused it to be inscribed on the wall
of the big barn, at the opposite end from the Seven Commandments. It was
surmounted by a portrait of Napoleon, in profile, executed by Squealer in white
paint.
Meanwhile, through the agency of Whymper, Napoleon was engaged in
complicated negotiations with Frederick and Pilkington. The pile of timber was
still unsold. Of the two, Frederick was the more anxious to get hold of it, but he
would not offer a reasonable price. At the same time there were renewed
rumours that Frederick and his men were plotting to attack Animal Farm and to
destroy the windmill, the building of which had aroused furious jealousy in him.
Snowball was known to be still skulking on Pinchfield Farm. In the middle of
the summer the animals were alarmed to hear that three hens had come forward
68
Chapter 第八章 8
and confessed that, inspired by Snowball, they had entered into a plot to
murder Napoleon. They were executed immediately, and fresh precautions for
Napoleon’s safety were taken. Four dogs guarded his bed at night, one at each
comer, and a young pig named Pinkeye was given the task of tasting all his
food before he ate it, lest it should be poisoned.
At about the same time it was given out that Napoleon had arranged to sell
the pile of timber to Mr. Pilkington; he was also going to enter into a regular
agreement for the exchange of certain products between Animal Farm and
Foxwood. The relations between Napoleon and Pilkington, though they were
only conducted through Whymper, were now almost friendly. The animals
distrusted Pilkington, as a human being, but greatly preferred him to Frederick,
whom they both feared and hated. As the summer wore on, and the windmill
neared completion, the rumours of an impending treacherous attack grew
stronger and stronger. Frederick, it was said, intended to bring against them
twenty men all armed with guns, and he had already bribed the magistrates and
police, so that if he could once get hold of the title-deeds of Animal Farm they
would ask no questions. Moreover, terrible stories were leaking out from
Pinchfield about the cruelties that Frederick practised upon his animals. He had
flogged an old horse to death, he starved his cows, he had killed a dog by
throwing it into the furnace, he amused himself in the evenings by making
cocks fight with splinters of razor-blade tied to their spurs. The animals’ blood
boiled with rage when they heard of these things being done to their comrades,
and sometimes they clamoured to be allowed to go out in a body and attack
Pinchfield Farm, drive out the humans, and set the animals free. But Squealer
counselled them to avoid rash actions and trust in Comrade Napoleon’s
strategy.
Nevertheless, feeling against Frederick continued to run high. One Sunday
morning Napoleon appeared in the barn and explained that he had never at any
time contemplated selling the pile of timber to Frederick; he considered it
beneath his dignity, he said, to have dealings with scoundrels of that
description. The pigeons who were still sent out to spread tidings of the
Rebellion were forbidden to set foot anywhere on Foxwood, and were also
ordered to drop their former slogan of “Death to Humanity” in favour of
69
“Death to Frederick.” In the late summer yet another of Snowball’s

machinations was laid bare. The wheat crop was full of weeds, and it was
discovered that on one of his nocturnal visits Snowball had mixed weed seeds
with the seed corn. A gander who had been privy to the plot had confessed his
guilt to Squealer and immediately committed suicide by swallowing deadly
nightshade berries. The animals now also learned that Snowball had never as
many of them had believed hitherto received the order of “Animal Hero First
Class.” This was merely a legend which had been spread some time after the
Battle of the Cowshed by Snowball himself. So far from being decorated, he
had been censured for showing cowardice in the battle. Once again some of the
animals heard this with a certain bewilderment, but Squealer was soon able to
convince them that their memories had been at fault.
In the autumn, by a tremendous, exhausting effort for the harvest had to be
gathered at almost the same time the windmill was finished. The machinery
had still to be installed, and Whymper was negotiating the purchase of it, but
the structure was completed. In the teeth of every difficulty, in spite of
inexperience, of primitive implements, of bad luck and of Snowball’s treachery,
the work had been finished punctually to the very day! Tired out but proud, the
animals walked round and round their masterpiece, which appeared even more
beautiful in their eyes than when it had been built the first time. Moreover, the
walls were twice as thick as before. Nothing short of explosives would lay
them low this time! And when they thought of how they had laboured, what
discouragements they had overcome, and the enormous difference that would
be made in their lives when the sails were turning and the dynamos running—
when they thought of all this, their tiredness forsook them and they gambolled
round and round the windmill, uttering cries of triumph. Napoleon himself,
attended by his dogs and his cockerel, came down to inspect the completed
work; he personally congratulated the animals on their achievement, and
announced that the mill would be named Napoleon Mill.
Two days later the animals were called together for a special meeting in
the barn. They were struck dumb with surprise when Napoleon announced that
he had sold the pile of timber to Frederick. Tomorrow Frederick’s wagons
would arrive and begin carting it away. Throughout the whole period of his
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Chapter 第八章 8
seeming friendship with Pilkington, Napoleon had really been in secret

agreement with Frederick.
All relations with Foxwood had been broken off; insulting messages had
been sent to Pilkington. The pigeons had been told to avoid Pinchfield Farm
and to alter their slogan from “Death to Frederick” to “Death to Pilkington.” At
the same time Napoleon assured the animals that the stories of an impending
attack on Animal Farm were completely untrue, and that the tales about
Frederick’s cruelty to his own animals had been greatly exaggerated. All these
rumours had probably originated with Snowball and his agents. It now
appeared that Snowball was not, after all, hiding on Pinchfield Farm, and in
fact had never been there in his life: he was living in considerable luxury, so it
was said at Foxwood, and had in reality been a pensioner of Pilkington for
years past.
The pigs were in ecstasies over Napoleon’s cunning. By seeming to be
friendly with Pilkington he had forced Frederick to raise his price by twelve
pounds. But the superior quality of Napoleon’s mind, said Squealer, was shown
in the fact that he trusted nobody, not even Frederick. Frederick had wanted to
pay for the timber with something called a cheque, which, it seemed, was a
piece of paper with a promise to pay written upon it. But Napoleon was too
clever for him. He had demanded payment in real five-pound notes, which
were to be handed over before the timber was removed. Already Frederick had
paid up; and the sum he had paid was just enough to buy the machinery for the
windmill.
Meanwhile the timber was being carted away at high speed. When it was
all gone, another special meeting was held in the barn for the animals to inspect
Frederick’s bank-notes. Smiling beatifically, and wearing both his decorations,
Napoleon reposed on a bed of straw on the platform, with the money at his side,
neatly piled on a china dish from the farmhouse kitchen. The animals filed
slowly past, and each gazed his fill. And Boxer put out his nose to sniff at the
bank-notes, and the flimsy white things stirred and rustled in his breath. Three
days later there was a terrible hullabaloo. Whymper, his face deadly pale, came
racing up the path on his bicycle, flung it down in the yard and rushed straight
into the farmhouse. The next moment a choking roar of rage sounded from
71
Napoleon’s apartments. The news of what had happened sped round the farm
like wildfire. The banknotes were forgeries! Frederick had got the timber for
nothing!
Napoleon called the animals together immediately and in a terrible voice
pronounced the death sentence upon Frederick. When captured, he said,
Frederick should be boiled alive. At the same time he warned them that after
this treacherous deed the worst was to be expected. Frederick and his men
might make their long-expected attack at any moment. Sentinels were placed at
all the approaches to the farm. In addition, four pigeons were sent to Foxwood
with a conciliatory message, which it was hoped might reestablish good
relations with Pilkington.
The very next morning the attack came. The animals were at breakfast
when the look-outs came racing in with the news that Frederick and his
followers had already come through the five-barred gate. Boldly enough the
animals sallied forth to meet them, but this time they did not have the easy
victory that they had had in the Battle of the Cowshed. There were fifteen men,
with half a dozen guns between them, and they opened fire as soon as they got
within fifty yards. The animals could not face the terrible explosions and the
stinging pellets, and in spite of the efforts of Napoleon and Boxer to rally them,
they were soon driven back. A number of them were already wounded. They
took refuge in the farm buildings and peeped cautiously out from chinks and
knot-holes. The whole of the big pasture, including the windmill, was in the
hands of the enemy. For the moment even Napoleon seemed at a loss. He paced
up and down without a word, his tail rigid and twitching. Wistful glances were
sent in the direction of Foxwood. If Pilkington and his men would help them,
the day might yet be won. But at this moment the four pigeons, who had been
sent out on the day before, returned, one of them bearing a scrap of paper from
Pilkington. On it was pencilled the words: “Serves you right.”
Meanwhile Frederick and his men had halted about the windmill. The
animals watched them, and a murmur of dismay went round. Two of the men
had produced a crowbar and a sledgehammer. They were going to knock the
windmill down.
“Impossible!” cried Napoleon. “We have built the walls far too thick for
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Chapter 第八章 8
that. They could not knock it down in a week. Courage, comrades!”

But Benjamin was watching the movements of the men intently. The two
with the hammer and the crowbar were drilling a hole near the base of the
windmill. Slowly, and with an air almost of amusement, Benjamin nodded his
long muzzle.
“I thought so,” he said. “Do you not see what they are doing? In another
moment they are going to pack blasting powder into that hole.”
Terrified, the animals waited. It was impossible now to venture out of the
shelter of the buildings. After a few minutes the men were seen to be running in
all directions. Then there was a deafening roar. The pigeons swirled into the air,
and all the animals, except Napoleon, flung themselves flat on their bellies and
hid their faces. When they got up again, a huge cloud of black smoke was
hanging where the windmill had been. Slowly the breeze drifted it away. The
windmill had ceased to exist!
At this sight the animals’ courage returned to them. The fear and despair
they had felt a moment earlier were drowned in their rage against this vile,
contemptible act. A mighty cry for vengeance went up, and without waiting for
further orders they charged forth in a body and made straight for the enemy.
This time they did not heed the cruel pellets that swept over them like hail. It
was a savage, bitter battle. The men fired again and again, and, when the
animals got to close quarters, lashed out with their sticks and their heavy boots.
A cow, three sheep, and two geese were killed, and nearly everyone was
wounded. Even Napoleon, who was directing operations from the rear, had the
tip of his tail chipped by a pellet. But the men did not go unscathed either.
Three of them had their heads broken by blows from Boxer’s hoofs; another
was gored in the belly by a cow’s horn; another had his trousers nearly torn off
by Jessie and Bluebell. And when the nine dogs of Napoleon’s own bodyguard,
whom he had instructed to make a detour under cover of the hedge, suddenly
appeared on the men’s flank, baying ferociously, panic overtook them. They
saw that they were in danger of being surrounded. Frederick shouted to his men
to get out while the going was good, and the next moment the cowardly enemy
was running for dear life. The animals chased them right down to the bottom of
the field, and got in some last kicks at them as they forced their way through
73
the thorn hedge.

They had won, but they were weary and bleeding. Slowly they began to
limp back towards the farm. The sight of their dead comrades stretched upon
the grass moved some of them to tears. And for a little while they halted in
sorrowful silence at the place where the windmill had once stood. Yes, it was
gone; almost the last trace of their labour was gone! Even the foundations were
partially destroyed. And in rebuilding it they could not this time, as before,
make use of the fallen stones. This time the stones had vanished too. The force
of the explosion had flung them to distances of hundreds of yards. It was as
though the windmill had never been.
As they approached the farm Squealer, who had unaccountably been
absent during the fighting, came skipping towards them, whisking his tail and
beaming with satisfaction. And the animals heard, from the direction of the
farm buildings, the solemn booming of a gun.
“What is that gun firing for?” said Boxer.
“To celebrate our victory!” cried Squealer.
“What victory?” said Boxer. His knees were bleeding, he had lost a shoe
and split his hoof, and a dozen pellets had lodged themselves in his hind leg.
“What victory, comrade? Have we not driven the enemy off our soil—the
sacred soil of Animal Farm?”
“But they have destroyed the windmill. And we had worked on it for two
years!”
“What matter? We will build another windmill. We will build six
windmills if we feel like it. You do not appreciate, comrade, the mighty thing
that we have done. The enemy was in occupation of this very ground that we
stand upon. And now, thanks to the leadership of Comrade Napoleon, we have
won every inch of it back again!”
“Then we have won back what we had before,” said Boxer.
“That is our victory,” said Squealer.
They limped into the yard. The pellets under the skin of Boxer’s leg
smarted painfully. He saw ahead of him the heavy labour of rebuilding the
windmill from the foundations, and already in imagination he braced himself
for the task. But for the first time it occurred to him that he was eleven years
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Chapter 第八章 8
old and that perhaps his great muscles were not quite what they had once been.
But when the animals saw the green flag flying, and heard the gun firing
again—seven times it was fired in all and heard the speech that Napoleon made,
congratulating them on their conduct, it did seem to them after all that they had
won a great victory. The animals slain in the battle were given a solemn funeral.
Boxer and Clover pulled the wagon which served as a hearse, and Napoleon
himself walked at the head of the procession. Two whole days were given over
to celebrations. There were songs, speeches, and more firing of the gun, and a
special gift of an apple was bestowed on every animal, with two ounces of corn
for each bird and three biscuits for each dog. It was announced that the battle
would be called the Battle of the Windmill, and that Napoleon had created a
new decoration, the Order of the Green Banner, which he had conferred upon
himself. In the general rejoicings the unfortunate affair of the banknotes was
forgotten.
It was a few days later than this that the pigs came upon a case of whisky
in the cellars of tile farmhouse. It had been overlooked at the time when the
house was first occupied. That night there came from the farmhouse the sound
of loud singing, in which, to everyone’s surprise, the strains of Beasts of
England were mixed up. At about half past nine Napoleon, wearing an old
bowler hat of Mr. Jones’s, was distinctly seen to emerge from the back door,
gallop rapidly round the yard, and disappear indoors again. But in the morning
a deep silence hung over the farmhouse. Not a pig appeared to be stirring. It
was nearly nine o’clock when Squealer made his appearance, walking slowly
and dejectedly, his eyes dull, his tail hanging limply behind him, and with
every appearance of being seriously ill. He called the animals together and told
them that he had a terrible piece of news to impart. Comrade Napoleon was
dying!
A cry of lamentation went up. Straw was laid down outside the doors of
the farmhouse, and the animals walked on tiptoe. With tears in their eyes they
asked one another what they should do if their Leader were taken away from
them. A rumour went round that Snowball had after all contrived to introduce
poison into Napoleon’s food. At eleven o’clock Squealer came out to make
another announcement. As his last act upon earth, Comrade Napoleon had
75
pronounced a solemn decree: the drinking of alcohol was to be punished by

death.
By the evening, however, Napoleon appeared to be somewhat better, and
the following morning Squealer was able to tell them that he was well on the
way to recovery. By the evening of that day Napoleon was back at work, and
on the next day it was learned that he had instructed Whymper to purchase in
Willingdon some booklets on brewing and distilling. A week later Napoleon
gave orders that the small paddock beyond the orchard, which it had previously
been intended to set aside as a grazing-ground for animals who were past work,
was to be ploughed up. It was given out that the pasture was exhausted and
needed re-seeding; but it soon became known that Napoleon intended to sow it
with barley.
About this time there occurred a strange incident which hardly anyone was
able to understand. One night at about twelve o’clock there was a loud crash in
the yard, and the animals rushed out of their stalls. It was a moonlit night. At
the foot of the end wall of the big barn, where the Seven Commandments were
written, there lay a ladder broken in two pieces. Squealer, temporarily stunned,
was sprawling beside it, and near at hand there lay a lantern, a paint-brush, and
an overturned pot of white paint. The dogs immediately made a ring round
Squealer, and escorted him back to the farmhouse as soon as he was able to
walk. None of the animals could form any idea as to what this meant, except
old Benjamin, who nodded his muzzle with a knowing air, and seemed to
understand, but would say nothing.
But a few days later Muriel, reading over the Seven Commandments to
herself, noticed that there was yet another of them which the animals had
remembered wrong. They had thought the Fifth Commandment was “No
animal shall drink alcohol,” but there were two words that they had forgotten.
Actually the Commandment read: “No animal shall drink alcohol to excess.”
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Chapter 第九章 9
第九章
Chapter 9
现在，动物庄园里的生活异常艰苦，动物们常
常饥寒交迫。拳手、本杰明等一些动物已经到了原
先规定的退休年龄，仍不遗余力地干活。声响器不
断地向劳动的动物证明粮食不但没有短缺，还比琼
斯时代取得了更大的进步。现在动物们关于琼斯时
代和庄园初建时代的所有记忆，如当初的生活和雪
球的表现等，都已变得同声响器宣传的一模一样。
动物们认定过去的生活更加困苦，而且没有自由，
便又恢复了干活的动力。拿破仑每周还组织他们参
加游行，相信自己已经当家作主。现在，庄园里有
了许多拿破仑的后代小猪，拿破仑规定小猪们将接受教育，不和其他动物
交往，并享有美食和装饰品。不久后，拿破仑当选为动物庄园共和国的总
统。猪们的消费需求日益增加，其他动物们的生活质量日益下降。
拳手不顾本杰明和苜蓿的劝告，干活一如既往地卖力。但是，由于拳
手的年龄越来越大，加上蹄子在上次的风车保卫战中受了伤，终年的劳动
终于使得他倒了下来，已经奄奄一息。听到报告的声响器很快出现，声称
将送拳手去医院，还送来了药水。拳手的老伙伴——苜蓿和本杰明陪伴照
顾着拳手，听他讲自己退休后的事。
一天，动物们正在劳作，本杰明激动地狂奔过来，告诉动物们拳手要
被货车拉走了。动物们以为这是要送拳手去医院，本杰明念出车上的字，
说这是要把拳手拉到屠宰场。动物们都激动起来，要拳手赶快下车，但
是货车很快开走不见了。声响器先是称拳手在医院受到了很好的照顾，不
久，又称拳手去世了。在全体动物参加的拳手悼念会上，声响器告诉大家
77
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Chapter 第九章 9
所谓屠宰场的车实际已被医院买来；拿破仑演讲说，他们已经给拳手安排
了很好的墓地，全体动物都要学习拳手的劳动精神和听话精神。不久，动
物们发现猪们又买了一箱美酒。
B oxer’s split hoof was a long time in healing. They had started the
rebuilding of the windmill the day after the victory celebrations were ended.
Boxer refused to take even a day off work, and made it a point of honour not to
let it be seen that he was in pain. In the evenings he would admit privately to
Clover that the hoof troubled him a great deal. Clover treated the hoof with
poultices of herbs which she prepared by chewing them, and both she and
Benjamin urged Boxer to work less hard. “A horse’s lungs do not last for ever,”
she said to him. But Boxer would not listen. He had, he said, only one real
ambition left—to see the windmill well under way before he reached the age
for retirement.
At the beginning, when the laws of Animal Farm were first formulated, the
retiring age had been fixed for horses and pigs at twelve, for cows at fourteen,
for dogs at nine, for sheep at seven, and for hens and geese at five. Liberal
old-age pensions had been agreed upon. As yet no animal had actually retired
on pension, but of late the subject had been discussed more and more. Now that
the small field beyond the orchard had been set aside for barley, it was
rumoured that a corner of the large pasture was to be fenced off and turned into
a grazing-ground for superannuated animals. For a horse, it was said, the
pension would be five pounds of corn a day and, in winter, fifteen pounds of
hay, with a carrot or possibly an apple on public holidays. Boxer’s twelfth
birthday was due in the late summer of the following year.
Meanwhile life was hard. The winter was as cold as the last one had been,
and food was even shorter. Once again all rations were reduced, except those of
the pigs and the dogs. A too rigid equality in rations, Squealer explained, would
have been contrary to the principles of Animalism. In any case he had no
difficulty in proving to the other animals that they were not in reality short of
food, whatever the appearances might be. For the time being, certainly, it had
been found necessary to make a readjustment of rations (Squealer always spoke
79
of it as a “readjustment,” never as a “reduction”), but in comparison with the

days of Jones, the improvement was enormous. Reading out the figures in a
shrill, rapid voice, he proved to them in detail that they had more oats, more
hay, more turnips than they had had in Jones’s day, that they worked shorter
hours, that their drinking water was of better quality, that they lived longer, that
a larger proportion of their young ones survived infancy, and that they had
more straw in their stalls and suffered less from fleas. The animals believed
every word of it. Truth to tell, Jones and all he stood for had almost faded out
of their memories. They knew that life nowadays was harsh and bare, that they
were often hungry and often cold, and that they were usually working when
they were not asleep. But doubtless it had been worse in the old days. They
were glad to believe so. Besides, in those days they had been slaves and now
they were free, and that made all the difference, as Squealer did not fail to point
out.
There were many more mouths to feed now. In the autumn the four sows
had all littered about simultaneously, producing thirty-one young pigs between
them. The young pigs were piebald, and as Napoleon was the only boar on the
farm, it was possible to guess at their parentage. It was announced that later,
when bricks and timber had been purchased, a schoolroom would be built in
the farmhouse garden. For the time being, the young pigs were given their
instruction by Napoleon himself in the farmhouse kitchen. They took their
exercise in the garden, and were discouraged from playing with the other
young animals. About this time, too, it was laid down as a rule that when a pig
and any other animal met on the path, the other animal must stand aside: and
also that all pigs, of whatever degree, were to have the privilege of wearing
green ribbons on their tails on Sundays.
The farm had had a fairly successful year, but was still short of money.
There were the bricks, sand, and lime for the schoolroom to be purchased, and
it would also be necessary to begin saving up again for the machinery for the
windmill. Then there were lamp oil and candles for the house, sugar for
Napoleon’s own table (he forbade this to the other pigs, on the ground that it
made them fat), and all the usual replacements such as tools, nails, string, coal,
wire, scrap-iron, and dog biscuits. A stump of hay and part of the potato crop
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Chapter 第九章 9
were sold off, and the contract for eggs was increased to six hundred a week, so
that that year the hens barely hatched enough chicks to keep their numbers at
the same level. Rations, reduced in December, were reduced again in February,
and lanterns in the stalls were forbidden to save Oil. But the pigs seemed
comfortable enough, and in fact were putting on weight if anything. One
afternoon in late February a warm, rich, appetising scent, such as the animals
had never smelt before, wafted itself across the yard from the little brew-house,
which had been disused in Jones’s time, and which stood beyond the kitchen.
Someone said it was the smell of cooking barley. The animals sniffed the air
hungrily and wondered whether a warm mash was being prepared for their
supper. But no warm mash appeared, and on the following Sunday it was
announced that from now onwards all barley would be reserved for the pigs.
The field beyond the orchard had already been sown with barley. And the news
soon leaked out that every pig was now receiving a ration of a pint of beer daily,
with half a gallon for Napoleon himself, which was always served to him in the
Crown Derby soup tureen.
But if there were hardships to be borne, they were partly offset by the fact
that life nowadays had a greater dignity than it had had before. There were
more songs, more speeches, more processions. Napoleon had commanded that
once a week there should be held something called a Spontaneous
Demonstration, the object of which was to celebrate the struggles and triumphs
of Animal Farm. At the appointed time the animals would leave their work and
march round the precincts of the farm in military formation, with the pigs
leading, then the horses, then the cows, then the sheep, and then the poultry.
The dogs flanked the procession and at the head of all marched Napoleon’s
black cockerel. Boxer and Clover always carried between them a green banner
marked with the hoof and the horn and the caption, “Long live Comrade
Napoleon!” Afterwards there were recitations of poems composed in
Napoleon’s honour, and a speech by Squealer giving particulars of the latest
increases in the production of foodstuffs, and on occasion a shot was fired from
the gun. The sheep were the greatest devotees of the Spontaneous
Demonstration, and if anyone complained (as a few animals sometimes did,
when no pigs or dogs were near) that they wasted time and meant a lot of
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standing about in the cold, the sheep were sure to silence him with a
tremendous bleating of “Four legs good, two legs bad!” But by and large the
animals enjoyed these celebrations. They found it comforting to be reminded
that, after all, they were truly their own masters and that the work they did was
for their own benefit. So that, what with the songs, the processions, Squealer’s
lists of figures, the thunder of the gun, the crowing of the cockerel, and the
fluttering of the flag, they were able to forget that their bellies were empty, at
least part of the time.
In April, Animal Farm was proclaimed a Republic, and it became
necessary to elect a President. There was only one candidate, Napoleon, who
was elected unanimously. On the same day it was given out that fresh
documents had been discovered which revealed further details about
Snowball’s complicity with Jones. It now appeared that Snowball had not, as
the animals had previously imagined, merely attempted to lose the Battle of the
Cowshed by means of a stratagem, but had been openly fighting on Jones’s side.
In fact, it was he who had actually been the leader of the human forces, and had
charged into battle with the words “Long live Humanity!” on his lips. The
wounds on Snowball’s back, which a few of the animals still remembered to
have seen, had been inflicted by Napoleon’s teeth.
In the middle of the summer Moses the raven suddenly reappeared on the
farm, after an absence of several years. He was quite unchanged, still did no
work, and talked in the same strain as ever about Sugarcandy Mountain. He
would perch on a stump, flap his black wings, and talk by the hour to anyone
who would listen. “Up there, comrades,” he would say solemnly, pointing to
the sky with his large beak—“up there, just on the other side of that dark cloud
that you can see there it lies, Sugarcandy Mountain, that happy country where
we poor animals shall rest for ever from our labours!” He even claimed to have
been there on one of his higher flights, and to have seen the everlasting fields
of clover and the linseed cake and lump sugar growing on the hedges. Many of
the animals believed him. Their lives now, they reasoned, were hungry and
laborious; was it not fight and just that a better world should exist somewhere
else? A thing that was difficult to determine was the attitude of the pigs towards
Moses. They all declared contemptuously that his stories about Sugarcandy
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Chapter 第九章 9
Mountain were lies, and yet they allowed him to remain on the farm, not
working, with an allowance of a gill of beer a day.
After his hoof had healed up, Boxer worked harder than ever. Indeed, all
the animals worked like slaves that year. Apart from the regular work of the
farm, and the rebuilding of the windmill, there was the schoolhouse for the
young pigs, which was started in March. Sometimes the long hours on
insufficient food were hard to bear, but Boxer never faltered. In nothing that he
said or did was there any sign that his strength was not what it had been. It was
only his appearance that was a little altered; his hide was less shiny than it had
used to be, and his great haunches seemed to have shrunken. The others said,
“Boxer will pick up when the spring grass comes on”; but the spring came and
Boxer grew no fatter. Sometimes on the slope leading to the top of the quarry,
when he braced his muscles against the weight of some vast boulder, it seemed
that nothing kept him on his feet except the will to continue. At such times his
lips were seen to form the words, “I will work harder”; he had no voice left.
Once again Clover and Benjamin warned him to take care of his health, but
Boxer paid no attention. His twelfth birthday was approaching. He did not care
what happened so long as a good store of stone was accumulated before he
went on pension.
Late one evening in the summer, a sudden rumour ran round the farm that
something had happened to Boxer. He had gone out alone to drag a load of
stone down to the windmill. And sure enough, the rumour was true. A few
minutes later two pigeons came racing in with the news: “Boxer has fallen! He
is lying on his side and can’t get up!”
About half the animals on the farm rushed out to the knoll where the
windmill stood. There lay Boxer, between the shafts of the cart, his neck
stretched out, unable even to raise his head. His eyes were glazed, his sides
matted with sweat. A thin stream of blood had trickled out of his mouth. Clover
dropped to her knees at his side.
“Boxer!” she cried, “how are you?”
“It is my lung,” said Boxer in a weak voice. “It does not matter. I think
you will be able to finish the windmill without me. There is a pretty good store
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of stone accumulated. I had only another month to go in any case. To tell you
the truth, I had been looking forward to my retirement. And perhaps, as
Benjamin is growing old too, they will let him retire at the same time and be a
companion to me.”
“We must get help at once,” said Clover. “Run, somebody, and tell
Squealer what has happened.”
All the other animals immediately raced back to the farmhouse to give
Squealer the news. Only Clover remained, and Benjamin who lay down at
Boxer’s side, and, without speaking, kept the flies off him with his long tail.
After about a quarter of an hour Squealer appeared, full of sympathy and
concern. He said that Comrade Napoleon had learned with the very deepest
distress of this misfortune to one of the most loyal workers on the farm, and
was already making arrangements to send Boxer to be treated in the hospital at
Willingdon. The animals felt a little uneasy at this. Except for Mollie and
Snowball, no other animal had ever left the farm, and they did not like to think
of their sick comrade in the hands of human beings. However, Squealer easily
convinced them that the veterinary surgeon in Willingdon could treat Boxer’s
case more satisfactorily than could be done on the farm. And about half an hour
later, when Boxer had somewhat recovered, he was with difficulty got on to his
feet, and managed to limp back to his stall, where Clover and Benjamin had
prepared a good bed of straw for him.
For the next two days Boxer remained in his stall. The pigs had sent out a
large bottle of pink medicine which they had found in the medicine chest in the
bathroom, and Clover administered it to Boxer twice a day after meals. In the
evenings she lay in his stall and talked to him, while Benjamin kept the flies off
him. Boxer professed not to be sorry for what had happened. If he made a good
recovery, he might expect to live another three years, and he looked forward to
the peaceful days that he would spend in the corer of the big pasture. It would
be the first time that he had had leisure to study and improve his mind. He
intended, he said, to devote the rest of his life to learning the remaining
twenty-two letters of the alphabet.
However, Benjamin and Clover could only be with Boxer after working
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Chapter 第九章 9
hours, and it was in the middle of the day when the van came to take him away.
The animals were all at work weeding turnips under the supervision of a pig,
when they were astonished to see Benjamin come galloping from the direction
of the farm buildings, braying at the top of his voice. It was the first time that
they had ever seen Benjamin excited-indeed, it was the first time that anyone
had ever seen him gallop. “Quick, quick!” he shouted. “Come at once! They’re
taking Boxer away!” Without waiting for orders from the pig, the animals
broke off work and raced back to the farm buildings. Sure enough, there in the
yard was a large closed van, drawn by two horses, with lettering on its side and
a sly-looking man in a low-crowned bowler hat sitting on the driver’s seat. And
Boxer’s stall was empty.
The animals crowded round the van. “Good-bye, Boxer!” they chorused,
“good-bye!”
“Fools! Fools!” shouted Benjamin, prancing round them and stamping the
earth with his small hoofs. “Fools! Do you not see what is written on the side
of that van?”
That gave the animals pause, and there was a hush. Muriel began to spell
out the words. But Benjamin pushed her aside and in the midst of a deadly
silence he read:
“ ‘Alfred Simmonds, Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler, Willingdon.
Dealer in Hides and Bone-Meal. Kennels Supplied.’ Do you not understand
what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knacker’s!”
A cry of horror burst from all the animals. At this moment the man on the
box whipped up his horses and the van moved out of the yard at a smart trot.
All the animals followed, crying out at the tops of their voices. Clover forced
her way to the front. The van began to gather speed. Clover tried to stir her
stout limbs to a gallop, and achieved a canter. “Boxer!” she cried. “Boxer!
Boxer! Boxer!” And just at this moment, as though he had heard the uproar
outside, Boxer’s face, with the white stripe down his nose, appeared at the
small window at the back of the van.
“Boxer!” cried Clover in a terrible voice. “Boxer! Get out! Get out quickly!
They’re taking you to your death!”
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All the animals took up the cry of “Get out, Boxer, get out!” But the van
was already gathering speed and drawing away from them. It was uncertain
whether Boxer had understood what Clover had said. But a moment later his
face disappeared from the window and there was the sound of a tremendous
drumming of hoofs inside the van. He was trying to kick his way out. The time
had been when a few kicks from Boxer’s hoofs would have smashed the van to
matchwood. But alas! his strength had left him; and in a few moments the
sound of drumming hoofs grew fainter and died away. In desperation the
animals began appealing to the two horses which drew the van to stop.
“Comrades, comrades!” they shouted. “Don’t take your own brother to his
death!” But the stupid brutes, too ignorant to realise what was happening,
merely set back their ears and quickened their pace. Boxer’s face did not
reappear at the window. Too late, someone thought of racing ahead and shutting
the five-barred gate; but in another moment the van was through it and rapidly
disappearing down the road. Boxer was never seen again.
Three days later it was announced that he had died in the hospital at
Willingdon, in spite of receiving every attention a horse could have. Squealer
came to announce the news to the others. He had, he said, been present during
Boxer’s last hours.
“It was the most affecting sight I have ever seen!” said Squealer, lifting his
trotter and wiping away a tear. “I was at his bedside at the very last. And at the
end, almost too weak to speak, he whispered in my ear that his sole sorrow was
to have passed on before the windmill was finished. ‘Forward, comrades!’ he
whispered. ‘Forward in the name of the Rebellion. Long live Animal Farm!
Long live Comrade Napoleon! Napoleon is always right.’ Those were his very
last words, comrades.”
Here Squealer’s demeanour suddenly changed. He fell silent for a moment,
and his little eyes darted suspicious glances from side to side before he
proceeded.
It had come to his knowledge, he said, that a foolish and wicked rumour
had been circulated at the time of Boxer’s removal. Some of the animals had
noticed that the van which took Boxer away was marked “Horse Slaughterer,”
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Chapter 第九章 9
and had actually jumped to the conclusion that Boxer was being sent to the
knacker’s. It was almost unbelievable, said Squealer, that any animal could be
so stupid. Surely, he cried indignantly, whisking his tail and skipping from side
to side, surely they knew their beloved Leader, Comrade Napoleon, better than
that? But the explanation was really very simple. The van had previously been
the property of the knacker, and had been bought by the veterinary surgeon,
who had not yet painted the old name out. That was how the mistake had
arisen.
The animals were enormously relieved to hear this. And when Squealer
went on to give further graphic details of Boxer’s death-bed, the admirable care
he had received, and the expensive medicines for which Napoleon had paid
without a thought as to the cost, their last doubts disappeared and the sorrow
that they felt for their comrade’s death was tempered by the thought that at least
he had died happy.
Napoleon himself appeared at the meeting on the following Sunday
morning and pronounced a short oration in Boxer’s honour. It had not been
possible, he said, to bring back their lamented comrade’s remains for interment
on the farm, but he had ordered a large wreath to be made from the laurels in
the farmhouse garden and sent down to be placed on Boxer’s grave. And in a
few days’ time the pigs intended to hold a memorial banquet in Boxer’s honour.
Napoleon ended his speech with a reminder of Boxer’s two favourite maxims,
“I will work harder” and “Comrade Napoleon is always right”, maxims, he said,
which every animal would do well to adopt as his own.
On the day appointed for the banquet, a grocer’s van drove up from
Willingdon and delivered a large wooden crate at the farmhouse. That night
there was the sound of uproarious singing, which was followed by what
sounded like a violent quarrel and ended at about eleven o’clock with a
tremendous crash of glass. No one stirred in the farmhouse before noon on the
following day, and the word went round that from somewhere or other the pigs
had acquired the money to buy themselves another case of whisky.
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第十章
Chapter 10
几年过去了。动物庄园里的老动物相继离开世
间，新动物们不断到来。庄园新添了若干设备，建
起了几个组织，一派兴旺景象。猪和狗的生活都十
分富裕，他们每天忙着处理各种文字信息。大多数
动物仍处在水深火热之中，除了冷静的老本杰明，
其他动物都相信自己的生活如同猪们宣称的那样，
越过越好。他们没有放弃希望，为自己是这个唯一
的动物王国的成员感到自豪。一天，声响器赶着一
群绵羊去了一片荒地，几天以后，刚刚结束劳作的
动物惊恐地发现，所有的猪正在用它们的后腿走
路，最后出场的拿破仑前蹄中夹着一根鞭子。没等他们发出声音，声响器
指挥那群绵羊叫着“四条腿好，两条腿更好”。在一边观看的老本杰明感
到老苜蓿碰了碰它，便为苜蓿念了墙上的七诫，如今那里只剩下了最后一
条，就是“动物一律平等，但是有些动物比其他动物更加平等。”从此，
猪们的行为便不值得大惊小怪了。猪们订了报纸，收听新闻，穿着衣服在
花园里散步。
一周以后，许多邻近庄园主的马车驶进了庄园，他们受猪的邀请来到
动物庄园观光。当晚，猪的院子传来欢声笑语，猪和人互相敬酒娱乐，谈
论着消除过去的误会，增进将来的合作。庄园主们不断地赞美动物庄园取
得的成就，称自己要借鉴动物庄园的经验，并准备随时为动物庄园提供帮
助。拿破仑介绍了动物庄园的现状和急需改进的地方，称已经把动物庄园
改成了曼纳庄园。最后，他们一起为曼纳庄园的繁荣干杯。其他的动物们
悄悄在窗户外观看着，正要离去时，听见屋里拿破仑和皮尔金顿因为同时
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Chapter 第十章 10
89
打出一张牌而争吵，动物们又返回来，看着屋里的动静，分不清谁是人、
谁是猪了。
Y ears passed. The seasons came and went, the short animal lives fled
by. A time came when there was no one who remembered the old days before
the Rebellion, except Clover, Benjamin, Moses the raven, and a number of the
pigs.
Muriel was dead; Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher were dead. Jones too was
dead—he had died in an inebriates’ home in another part of the country.
Snowball was forgotten. Boxer was forgotten, except by the few who had
known him. Clover was an old stout mare now, stiff in the joints and with a
tendency to rheumy eyes. She was two years past the retiring age, but in fact no
animal had ever actually retired. The talk of setting aside a corner of the
pasture for superannuated animals had long since been dropped. Napoleon was
now a mature boar of twenty-four stone. Squealer was so fat that he could with
difficulty see out of his eyes. Only old Benjamin was much the same as ever,
except for being a little greyer about the muzzle, and, since Boxer’s death,
more morose and taciturn than ever.
There were many more creatures on the farm now, though the increase
was not so great as had been expected in earlier years. Many animals had been
born to whom the Rebellion was only a dim tradition, passed on by word of
mouth, and others had been bought who had never heard mention of such a
thing before their arrival. The farm possessed three horses now besides Clover.
They were fine upstanding beasts, willing workers and good comrades, but
very stupid. None of them proved able to learn the alphabet beyond the letter B.
They accepted everything that they were told about the Rebellion and the
principles of Animalism, especially from Clover, for whom they had an almost
filial respect; but it was doubtful whether they understood very much of it. The
farm was more prosperous now, and better organised: it had even been
enlarged by two fields which had been bought from Mr. Pilkington. The
windmill had been successfully completed at last, and the farm possessed a
threshing machine and a hay elevator of its own, and various new buildings had
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been added to it. Whymper had bought himself a dogcart. The windmill,
however, had not after all been used for generating electrical power. It was
used for milling corn, and brought in a handsome money profit. The animals
were hard at work building yet another windmill; when that one was finished,
so it was said, the dynamos would be installed. But the luxuries of which
Snowball had once taught the animals to dream, the stalls with electric light
and hot and cold water, and the three-day week, were no longer talked about.
Napoleon had denounced such ideas as contrary to the spirit of Animalism. The
truest happiness, he said, lay in working hard and living frugally.
Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making
the animals themselves any richer, except, of course, for the pigs and the dogs.
Perhaps this was partly because there were so many pigs and so many dogs. It
was not that these creatures did not work, after their fashion. There was, as
Squealer was never tired of explaining, endless work in the supervision and
organisation of the farm. Much of this work was of a kind that the other
animals were too ignorant to understand. For example, Squealer told them that
the pigs had to expend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things
called “files,” “reports,” “minutes,” and “memoranda.” These were large sheets
of paper which had to be closely covered with writing, and as soon as they
were so covered, they were burnt in the furnace. This was of the highest
importance for the welfare of the farm, Squealer said. But still, neither pigs nor
dogs produced any food by their own labour; and there were very many of
them, and their appetites were always good.
As for the others, their life, so far as they knew, was as it had always been.
They were generally hungry, they slept on straw, they drank from the pool,
they laboured in the fields; in winter they were troubled by the cold, and in
summer by the flies. Sometimes the older ones among them racked their dim
memories and tried to determine whether in the early days of the Rebellion,
when Jones’s expulsion was still recent, things had been better or worse than
now. They could not remembel. There was nothing with which they could
compare their present lives: they had nothing to go upon except Squealer’s lists
of figures, which invariably demonstrated that everything was getting better
and better. The animals found the problem insoluble; in any case, they had little
91
time for speculating on such things now. Only old Benjamin professed to
remember every detail of his long life and to know that things never had been,
nor ever could be much better or much worse-hunger, hardship, and
disappointment being, so he said, the unalterable law of life.
And yet the animals never gave up hope. More, they never lost, even for
an instant, their sense of honour and privilege in being members of Animal
Farm. They were still the only farm in the whole county in all England!—
owned and operated by animals. Not one of them, not even the youngest, not
even the newcomers who had been brought from farms ten or twenty miles
away, ever ceased to marvel at that. And when they heard the gun booming and
saw the green flag fluttering at the masthead, their hearts swelled with
imperishable pride, and the talk turned always towards the old heroic days, the
expulsion of Jones, the writing of the Seven Commandments, the great battles
in which the human invaders had been defeated. None of the old dreams had
been abandoned. The Republic of the Animals which Major had foretold, when
the green fields of England should be untrodden by human feet, was still
believed in. Some day it was coming: it might not be soon, it might not be with
in the lifetime of any animal now living, but still it was coming. Even the tune
of Beasts of England was perhaps hummed secretly here and there: at any rate,
it was a fact that every animal on the farm knew it, though no one would have
dared to sing it aloud. It might be that their lives were hard and that not all of
their hopes had been fulfilled; but they were conscious that they were not as
other animals. If they went hungry, it was not from feeding tyrannical human
beings; if they worked hard, at least they worked for themselves. No creature
among them went upon two legs. No creature called any other creature
“Master.” All animals were equal.
One day in early summer Squealer ordered the sheep to follow him, and
led them out to a piece of waste ground at the other end of the farm, which had
become overgrown with birch saplings. The sheep spent the whole day there
browsing at the leaves under Squealer’s supervision. In the evening he returned
to the farmhouse himself, but, as it was warm weather, told the sheep to stay
where they were. It ended by their remaining there for a whole week, during
which time the other animals saw nothing of them. Squealer was with them for
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the greater part of every day. He was, he said, teaching them to sing a new song,
for which privacy was needed.
It was just after the sheep had returned, on a pleasant evening when the
animals had finished work and were making their way back to the farm
buildings, that the terrified neighing of a horse sounded from the yard. Startled,
the animals stopped in their tracks. It was Clover’s voice. She neighed again,
and all the animals broke into a gallop and rushed into the yard. Then they saw
what Clover had seen.
It was a pig walking on his hind legs.
Yes, it was Squealer. A little awkwardly, as though not quite used to
supporting his considerable bulk in that position, but with perfect balance, he
was strolling across the yard. And a moment later, out from the door of the
farmhouse came a long file of pigs, all walking on their hind legs. Some did it
better than others, one or two were even a trifle unsteady and looked as though
they would have liked the support of a stick, but every one of them made his
way right round the yard successfully. And finally there was a tremendous
baying of dogs and a shrill crowing from the black cockerel, and out came
Napoleon himself, majestically upright, casting haughty glances from side to
side, and with his dogs gambolling round him.
He carried a whip in his trotter.
There was a deadly silence. Amazed, terrified, huddling together, the
animals watched the long line of pigs march slowly round the yard. It was as
though the world had turned upside-down. Then there came a moment when
the first shock had worn off and when, in spite of everything—in spite of their
terror of the dogs, and of the habit, developed through long years, of never
complaining, never criticising, no matter what happened—they might have
uttered some word of protest. But just at that moment, as though at a signal, all
the sheep burst out into a tremendous bleating of—
“Four legs good, two legs better! Four legs good, two legs better! Four
legs good, two legs better!”
It went on for five minutes without stopping. And by the time the sheep
had quieted down, the chance to utter any protest had passed, for the pigs had
marched back into the farmhouse.
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Benjamin felt a nose nuzzling at his shoulder. He looked round. It was

Clover. Her old eyes looked dimmer than ever. Without saying anything, she
tugged gently at his mane and led him round to the end of the big barn, where
the Seven Commandments were written. For a minute or two they stood gazing
at the tatted wall with its white lettering.
“My sight is failing,” she said finally. “Even when I was young I could not
have read what was written there. But it appears to me that that wall looks
different. Are the Seven Commandments the same as they used to be,
Benjamin?”
For once Benjamin consented to break his rule, and he read out to her what
was written on the wall. There was nothing there now except a single
Commandment. It ran:
All animals are equal
but some animals are more equal than others
After that it did not seem strange when next day the pigs who were
supervising the work of the farm all carried whips in their trotters. It did not
seem strange to learn that the pigs had bought themselves a wireless set, were
arranging to install a telephone, and had taken out subscriptions to John Bull,
TitBits, and the Daily Mirror. It did not seem strange when Napoleon was seen
strolling in the farmhouse garden with a pipe in his mouth, no, not even when
the pigs took Mr. Jones’s clothes out of the wardrobes and put them on,
Napoleon himself appearing in a black coat, ratcatcher breeches, and leather
leggings, while his favourite sow appeared in the watered silk dress which Mrs.
Jones had been used to wear on Sundays.
A week later, in the afternoon, a number of dogcarts drove up to the farm.
A deputation of neighbouring farmers had been invited to make a tour of
inspection. They were shown all over the farm, and expressed great admiration
for everything they saw, especially the windmill. The animals were weeding
the turnip field. They worked diligently hardly raising their faces from the
ground, and not knowing whether to be more frightened of the pigs or of the
human visitors.
That evening loud laughter and bursts of singing came from the farmhouse.
And suddenly, at the sound of the mingled voices, the animals were stricken
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with curiosity. What could be happening in there, now that for the first time
animals and human beings were meeting on terms of equality? With one accord
they began to creep as quietly as possible into the farmhouse garden.
At the gate they paused, half frightened to go on but Clover led the way in.
They tiptoed up to the house, and such animals as were tall enough peered in at
the dining-room window. There, round the long table, sat half a dozen farmers
and half a dozen of the more eminent pigs, Napoleon himself occupying the
seat of honour at the head of the table. The pigs appeared completely at ease in
their chairs. The company had been enjoying a game of cards but had broken
off for the moment, evidently in order to drink a toast. A large jug was
circulating, and the mugs were being refilled with beer. No one noticed the
wondering faces of the animals that gazed in at the window.
Mr. Pilkington, of Foxwood, had stood up, his mug in his hand. In a
moment, he said, he would ask the present company to drink a toast.But before
doing so, there were a few words that he felt it incumbent upon him to say.
It was a source of great satisfaction to him, he said—and, he was sure, to
all others present—to feel that a long period of mistrust and misunderstanding
had now come to an end. There had been a time, not that he, or any of the
present company, had shared such sentiments, but there had been a time when
the respected proprietors of Animal Farm had been regarded, he would not say
with hostility, but perhaps with a certain measure of misgiving, by their human
neighbours. Unfortunate incidents had occurred, mistaken ideas had been
current. It had been felt that the existence of a farm owned and operated by pigs
was somehow abnormal and was liable to have an unsettling effect in the
neighbourhood. Too many farmers had assumed, without due enquiry, that on
such a farm a spirit of licence and indiscipline would prevail. They had been
nervous about the effects upon their own animals, or even upon their human
employees. But all such doubts were now dispelled. Today he and his friends
had visited Animal Farm and inspected every inch of it with their own eyes,
and what did they find? Not only the most up-to-date methods, but a discipline
and an orderliness which should be an example to all farmers everywhere. He
believed that he was right in saying that the lower animals on Animal Farm did
more work and received less food than any animals in the county. Indeed, he
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and his fellow-visitors today had observed many features which they intended
to introduce on their own farms immediately.
He would end his remarks, he said, by emphasising once again the friendly
feelings that subsisted, and ought to subsist, between Animal Farm and its
neighbours. Between pigs and human beings there was not, and there need not
be, any clash of interests whatever. Their stuaggles and their difficulties were
one. Was not the labour problem the same everywhere? Here it became
apparent that Mr. Pilkington was about to spring some carefully prepared
witticism on the company, but for a moment he was too overcome by
amusement to be able to utter it. After much choking, during which his various
chins turned purple, he managed to get it out: “If you have your lower animals
to contend with,” he said, “we have our lower classes!” This bon mot set the
table in a roar; and Mr. Pilkington once again congratulated the pigs on the low
rations, the long working hours, and the general absence of pampering which
he had observed on Animal Farm.
And now, he said finally, he would ask the company to rise to their feet
and make certain that their glasses were full. “Gentlemen,” concluded Mr.
Pilkington, “gentlemen, I give you a toast: To the prosperity of Animal Farm!”
There was enthusiastic cheering and stamping of feet. Napoleon was so
gratified that he left his place and came round the table to clink his mug against
Mr. Pilkington’s before emptying it. When the cheering had died down,
Napoleon, who had remained on his feet, intimated that he too had a few words
to say.
Like all of Napoleon’s speeches, it was short and to the point. He too, he
said, was happy that the period of misunderstanding was at an end. For a long
time there had been rumours-circulated, he had reason to think, by some
malignant enemy—that there was something subversive and even revolutionary
in the outlook of himself and his colleagues. They had been credited with
attempting to stir up rebellion among the animals on neighbouring farms.
Nothing could be further from the truth! Their sole wish, now and in the past,
was to live at peace and in normal business relations with their neighbours.
This farm which he had the honour to control, he added, was a co-operative
enterprise. The title-deeds, which were in his own possession, were owned by
96
the pigs jointly.

He did not believe, he said, that any of the old suspicions still lingered, but
certain changes had been made recently in the routine of the farm which should
have the effect of promoting confidence stiff further. Hitherto the animals on
the farm had had a rather foolish custom of addressing one another as
“Comrade.” This was to be suppressed. There had also been a very strange
custom, whose origin was unknown, of marching every Sunday morning past a
boar’s skull which was nailed to a post in the garden. This, too, would be
suppressed, and the skull had already been buried. His visitors might have
observed, too, the green flag which flew from the masthead. If so, they would
perhaps have noted that the white hoof and horn with which it had previously
been marked had now been removed. It would be a plain green flag from now
onwards.
He had only one criticism, he said, to make of Mr. Pilkington’s excellent
and neighbourly speech. Mr. Pilkington had referred throughout to “Animal
Farm.” He could not of course know, for he, Napoleon, was only now for the
first time announcing it, that the name “Animal Farm” had been abolished.
Henceforward the farm was to be known as “The Manor Farm”—which, he
believed, was its correct and original name.
“Gentlemen,” concluded Napoleon, “I will give you the same toast as
before, but in a different form. Fill your glasses to the brim. Gentlemen, here is
my toast: To the prosperity of The Manor Farm!”
There was the same hearty cheering as before, and the mugs were emptied
to the dregs. But as the animals outside gazed at the scene, it seemed to them
that some strange thing was happening. What was it that had altered in the
faces of the pigs? Clover’s old dim eyes flitted from one face to another. Some
of them had five chins, some had four, some had three. But what was it that
seemed to be melting and changing? Then, the applause having come to an end,
the company took up their cards and continued the game that had been
interrupted, and the animals crept silently away.
But they had not gone twenty yards when they stopped short. An uproar of
voices was coming from the farmhouse. They rushed back and looked through
the window again. Yes, a violent quarrel was in progress. There were shoutings,
97
bangings on the table, sharp suspicious glances, furious denials. The source of
the trouble appeared to be that Napoleon and Mr. Pilkington had each played
an ace of spades simultaneously.
Twelve voices were shouting in anger, and they were all alike. No
question, now, what had happened to the faces of the pigs. The creatures
outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man
again; but already it was impossible to say which was which.
THE END
98
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中文导读英文版
少儿系列
书名定价（元）作者
小王子 13 [法] 圣埃克絮佩里
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木偶奇遇记 16 [意] 卡尔洛·科洛迪
彼得·潘 19 [英] 詹姆斯·巴里
长腿叔叔 25 [美] 珍·韦伯斯特
林中睡美人 13.5 [法] 夏尔·佩罗
黑骏马 23 [英] 安娜·休厄尔
海蒂 25 [瑞士] 约翰娜·施皮里
爱丽丝漫游奇境 23 [英] 刘易斯·卡罗尔
天域魔国 33 [美] 莱曼·弗兰克·鲍姆
小公主 28 [美] 弗朗西丝·霍奇森·伯内特
秘密花园 29.8 [美] 弗朗西丝·霍奇森·伯内特
丛林故事 18 [英] 吉卜林
铁路边的孩子们 23 [英] 伊迪丝·内斯比特
柳林风声 19 [英] 肯尼斯·格雷厄姆
青鸟 15 [比] 莫里斯·梅特林克
童话及寓言故事系列
格林童话全集（中篇） 36 [徳] 格林兄弟

格林童话全集（下篇） 36 [徳] 格林兄弟
格林童话全集（上篇） 36 [徳] 格林兄弟
安徒生童话全集（中篇） 46 [丹麦] 安徒生
安徒生童话全集（下篇） 46 [丹麦] 安徒生
安徒生童话全集（上篇） 46 [丹麦] 安徒生
[英] 刘易斯·卡罗尔
经典童话三部曲 45 [意] 卡尔洛·科洛迪
[法] 圣埃克絮佩里
快乐王子——王尔德童话故事全集 16 [英] 奥斯卡·王尔德
格林童话全集（精编）
（上篇） 29 [徳] 格林兄弟
（中篇） 29 [徳] 格林兄弟
（下篇） 29 [徳] 格林兄弟
安徒生童话全集（精编）（上篇） 36 [丹麦] 安徒生
安徒生童话全集（精编）（中篇） 33 [丹麦] 安徒生
安徒生童话全集（精编）（下篇） 30 [丹麦] 安徒生
美丽的西方传说——英国 23 [英] 司各特丁尼生
美丽的西方传说——意大利＆俄罗斯 25 王勋、纪飞等编译
[英] 乔治·格罗史密斯
美丽的东方传说——印度＆日本 25
[英] 威登·格罗史密斯
伊索寓言 39 王勋、纪飞等编译
伊索寓言故事精选 25 王勋、纪飞等编译
克雷洛夫寓言 33 [俄] 克雷洛夫
拉封丹寓言 79 [法] 拉封丹
一千零一夜故事精编 39 刘乃亚、纪飞编译
一千零一夜（上） 33 刘乃亚、纪飞编译
一千零一夜（下） 33 刘乃亚、纪飞编译
美丽童话——夏 33 王勋、纪飞等编译
美丽童话——春 22 王勋、纪飞等编译
美丽童话——秋 28 王勋、纪飞等编译
美丽童话——冬 36 王勋、纪飞等编译
凡尔纳科幻小说系列
大臣号幸存者/隐身新娘 38 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
喀尔巴阡古堡/牛博士 28 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
征服者罗比尔/主宰世界的人 36 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
测量子午线 23 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
无名之家 32 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
沙皇的信使 33 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
亚马逊漂流记 35 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
两年假期 33 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
海底两万里 46 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
地下之城 18 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
太阳系历险记 35 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
从地球到月球/环月旅行 36 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
八十天周游世界 25 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
气球上的五星期 32 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
地心游记 29 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
神秘岛 69 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
格兰特船长的儿女 59 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳
爱尔杰励志系列
菲尔是如何成功的 23 [美] 霍瑞修·爱尔杰
赫可特的继承权 23 [美] 霍瑞修·爱尔杰
沃尔特的考验 23 [美] 霍瑞修·爱尔杰
格兰特·萨顿的愿望 25 [美] 霍瑞修·爱尔杰
衣衫破烂的迪克 19 [美] 霍瑞修·爱尔杰
小贩保罗 19 [美] 霍瑞修·爱尔杰
格兰特的勇气 25 [美] 霍瑞修·爱尔杰
乔伊历险记 19 [美] 霍瑞修·爱尔杰

福尔摩斯系列
最后的致意 22 [英] 阿瑟·柯南·道尔
血字的研究/四签名 29 [英] 阿瑟·柯南·道尔
新探案 25 [英] 阿瑟·柯南·道尔
恐怖谷 19 [英] 阿瑟·柯南·道尔
福尔摩斯冒险史 32 [英] 阿瑟·柯南·道尔
福尔摩斯回忆录 29 [英] 阿瑟·柯南·道尔
福尔摩斯归来 33 [英] 阿瑟·柯南·道尔
巴斯克维尔的猎犬 22 [英] 阿瑟·柯南·道尔
奥斯丁作品系列
傲慢与偏见 39 [英] 简·奥斯丁
爱玛 49 [英] 简·奥斯丁
理智与情感 38 [英] 简·奥斯丁
劝导 29 [英] 简·奥斯丁
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海狼 33 [美] 杰克·伦敦
野性的呼唤/白牙 33 [美] 杰克·伦敦
马丁·伊登待出版 [美] 杰克·伦敦
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双城记 39 [英] 查尔斯·狄更斯
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艰难时世 36 [英] 查尔斯·狄更斯
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圣经的故事 39 [美] 房龙
房龙地理 48 [美] 房龙
人类的故事 39.8 [美] 房龙
太平洋的故事 27 [美] 房龙
宽容 38 [美] 房龙
发明的故事 18 [美] 房龙
美国简史 39 [美] 房龙
亚当·斯密作品系列
道德情操论 49 [英] 亚当·斯密
国富论 99.5 [英] 亚当·斯密
劳伦斯作品系列
恋爱中的女人待出版 [英] 劳伦斯
儿子与情人 49 [英] 劳伦斯
查泰莱夫人的情人 39 [英] 劳伦斯
虹 58 [英] 劳伦斯
乔治·奥威尔作品系列
动物庄园 13 [英] 乔治·奥威尔
一九八四 29.5 [英] 乔治·奥威尔
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苔丝 46 [英] 托马斯·哈代
还乡待出版 [英] 托马斯·哈代

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远离尘嚣待出版 [英] 托马斯·哈代
卡斯特桥市长待出版 [英] 托马斯·哈代
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嘉莉妹妹待出版 [美] 西奥多·德莱塞
珍妮姑娘 45 [美] 西奥多·德莱塞
美国的悲剧待出版 [美] 西奥多·德莱塞
菲茨杰拉德作品系列
了不起的盖茨比 19 [美] 弗·斯格特·菲茨杰拉德
返老还童/像里兹饭店那样大的钻石 15 [美] 弗·斯格特·菲茨杰拉德
中短篇小说精选系列
契诃夫短篇小说精选 29 [俄] 契诃夫
莫泊桑短篇小说精选待出版 [法] 莫泊桑
马克·吐温短篇小说精选 35 [美] 马克·吐温
欧·亨利短篇小说精选 39 [美] 欧·亨利
杰克·伦敦短篇小说精选 29 [美] 杰克·伦敦
劳伦斯中短篇小说精选待出版 [英] 劳伦斯
爱伦·坡短篇小说精选待出版 [美] 爱伦·坡
海明威作品系列
老人与海待出版 [美] 海明威
流动的盛宴待出版 [美] 海明威
太阳照常升起待出版 [美] 海明威
永别了，武器待出版 [美] 海明威
柯林斯作品系列
月亮宝石 66 [英] 威尔基·柯林斯

柯林斯作品系列
白衣女人待出版 [英] 威尔基·柯林斯
毛姆作品系列
刀锋待出版 [英] 毛姆
月亮和六个便士待出版 [英] 毛姆
其他作品
鲁滨逊漂流记 38 [英] 丹尼尔·笛福
时间机器/隐形人 29 [英] 赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯
弗兰肯斯坦 25 [英] 玛丽·雪莱
纯真年代 35 [美] 伊迪丝·华顿
红字 29 [美] 纳撒尼尔·霍桑
[英] 威廉·莎士比亚
莎士比亚、狄更斯名著故事 23
[英] 查尔斯·狄更斯
小妇人 59 [美] 路易莎·梅·奥尔科特
所罗门王的宝藏 25 [英] 亨利·里德·哈格德
[英] 乔治·格罗史密斯
小人物日记 19
[英] 威登·格罗史密斯
汤姆叔叔的小屋 59 [美] 比彻·斯托夫人
简爱 59 [英] 夏洛蒂·勃朗特
金银岛 26 [英] 罗伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森
少年维特的烦恼 18 [德] 歌德
飘 119 [美] 马格丽特·米切尔
富兰克林自传 20 [美] 本杰明·富兰克林
呼啸山庄 35 [英] 艾米莉·勃朗特
茶花女 25 [法] 小仲马
格列佛游记 35 [英] 乔纳森·斯威夫特
白鲸 69 [美] 赫尔曼·麦尔维尔
吉檀迦利 29.5 [印度] 泰戈尔
假如给我三天光明待出版 [美] 海伦·凯勒

其他作品
致加西亚的信待出版 [美] 阿尔伯特·哈伯德
爱的教育 35 [意] 亚米契斯
包法利夫人待出版 [法] 福楼拜

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Animal Farm

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（ 中 文 导 读 英 文 版 ）

动物庄园=Animal Farm：中文导读英文版/ （英）奥威尔（Orwell，G.）

Ⅰ. ①动… Ⅱ ①奥…②王… ③纪… Ⅲ. ①英语 – 语言读物 ②中篇小说 – 英国

中国版本图书馆 CIP 数据核字（2010）第 088279 号

Soon or late the day is coming,

Rings shall vanish from our noses,

Riches more than mind can picture,

Bright will shine the fields of England,

For that.day we all must labour,

Though we die before it break;

Beasts of England, beasts of Ireland,

“Where is Mollie?” exclaimed somebody.

bitter as the one that took place over the windmill.

it was in a ceremonial manner, with an escort of six dogs who closely

the point of coming to an agreement with Frederick, Snowball was declared to

“Comrades!” cried Squealer, making little nervous skips, “a most terrible

Napoleon stood sternly surveying his audience; then he uttered a

“Death to Frederick.” In the late summer yet another of Snowball’s

seeming friendship with Pilkington, Napoleon had really been in secret

that. They could not knock it down in a week. Courage, comrades!”

the thorn hedge.

pronounced a solemn decree: the drinking of alcohol was to be punished by

of it as a “readjustment,” never as a “reduction”), but in comparison with the

Benjamin felt a nose nuzzling at his shoulder. He looked round. It was

the pigs jointly.

小王子 13 [法] 圣埃克絮佩里

绿野仙踪 19 [美] 莱曼·弗兰克·鲍姆

木偶奇遇记 16 [意] 卡尔洛·科洛迪

彼得·潘 19 [英] 詹姆斯·巴里

长腿叔叔 25 [美] 珍·韦伯斯特

林中睡美人 13.5 [法] 夏尔·佩罗

黑骏马 23 [英] 安娜·休厄尔

爱丽丝漫游奇境 23 [英] 刘易斯·卡罗尔

天域魔国 33 [美] 莱曼·弗兰克·鲍姆

小公主 28 [美] 弗朗西丝·霍奇森·伯内特

秘密花园 29.8 [美] 弗朗西丝·霍奇森·伯内特

丛林故事 18 [英] 吉卜林

铁路边的孩子们 23 [英] 伊迪丝·内斯比特

柳林风声 19 [英] 肯尼斯·格雷厄姆

格林童话全集（中篇） 36 [徳] 格林兄弟

格林童话全集（下篇） 36 [徳] 格林兄弟

格林童话全集（上篇） 36 [徳] 格林兄弟

安徒生童话全集（中篇） 46 [丹麦] 安徒生

安徒生童话全集（下篇） 46 [丹麦] 安徒生

安徒生童话全集（上篇） 46 [丹麦] 安徒生

快乐王子——王尔德童话故事全集 16 [英] 奥斯卡·王尔德

安徒生童话全集（精编）（上篇） 36 [丹麦] 安徒生

安徒生童话全集（精编）（中篇） 33 [丹麦] 安徒生

安徒生童话全集（精编）（下篇） 30 [丹麦] 安徒生

美丽的西方传说——英国 23 [英] 司各特 丁尼生

克雷洛夫寓言 33 [俄] 克雷洛夫

拉封丹寓言 79 [法] 拉封丹

大臣号幸存者/隐身新娘 38 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳

喀尔巴阡古堡/牛博士 28 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳

征服者罗比尔/主宰世界的人 36 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳

测量子午线 23 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳

无名之家 32 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳

沙皇的信使 33 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳

亚马逊漂流记 35 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳

两年假期 33 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳

海底两万里 46 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳

地下之城 18 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳

太阳系历险记 35 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳

从地球到月球/环月旅行 36 [法] 儒勒·凡尔纳

（中文导读英文版）

美丽的西方传说——英国 23 [英] 司各特丁尼生

曼斯菲尔德庄园待出版 [英] 简·奥斯丁

王子与贫儿待出版 [美] 马克·吐温

马丁·伊登待出版 [美] 杰克·伦敦

恋爱中的女人待出版 [英] 劳伦斯

还乡待出版 [英] 托马斯·哈代

远离尘嚣待出版 [英] 托马斯·哈代

卡斯特桥市长待出版 [英] 托马斯·哈代

无名的裘德待出版 [英] 托马斯·哈代

嘉莉妹妹待出版 [美] 西奥多·德莱塞

美国的悲剧待出版 [美] 西奥多·德莱塞

莫泊桑短篇小说精选待出版 [法] 莫泊桑

劳伦斯中短篇小说精选待出版 [英] 劳伦斯

爱伦·坡短篇小说精选待出版 [美] 爱伦·坡

老人与海待出版 [美] 海明威

流动的盛宴待出版 [美] 海明威

太阳照常升起待出版 [美] 海明威

永别了，武器待出版 [美] 海明威

白衣女人待出版 [英] 威尔基·柯林斯

月亮和六个便士待出版 [英] 毛姆