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Child Protection Theory of Change - World Vision
Child Protection Theory of Change - World Vision
Child Protection Theory of Change - World Vision
THEORY OF CHANGE
The theory of change can also be used in capacity building, so that staff are able to envision
and dive deeper into the many joined-up elements contributing to child protection. It should
be used as a framework to guide all programming and advocacy guidance. And it can provide
compelling evidence to potential donors that WV is technically robust in the field of child
protection.
1
This section is adapted from World Vision’s Theory of Change (2011).
Children, especially MVC: Families, especially MV: Children, especially MVC, parents Faith communities: Child protection actors: District/regional government:
avoid risky behaviours provide love and support to all children and community members:
provides quality social protection
Changes in treat others with compassion, engage in positive parenting
practice protective socio-cultural are actively Nonformal and formal and statutory services
traditions and behaviors promoting child CP actors collaborate
BEHAVIOURS dignity and respect protection together in sustainable brokers dialogue and partnership
access to social protection, supports access social support and community
and services networks and appropriate CP between all CP actors
influence their environment to committees/mechanisms
be safer and more protective respond to child protection issues access protective services and supports implements national laws
Social pressures Increased trust of Early intervention Schools and other Preventive and responsive
Establishing Family functioning shifted towards justice and other in situations where community resources services and supports
norms strengthened positive behaviours CP services children are at risk are safe for children available and accessible
Increased
political will
Children, families, community members Nonformal and formal actors Collective action to Capacity built of Government policy and legal frameworks and resourcing
Essential and formal/nonformal leaders unlearn work together to address reduce child protection key local actors ensure access to quality services across the for child
steps harmful values, deal with resistance, adopt new threats and capture risks, build assets and in the child continuum of care, with clear standards, protection on
new values and attitudes; and increase trust new opportunities increase thriving protection system feasible plans and adequate funding global, regional
and national
levels
o
re t
Changes in knowledge Local and district p r essu ful 4
lic rm
Sustained community New options and Pub nate ha ease Conduct national,
Breaking about violence against
alternatives to harmful
government have i r
elim ices, inc rvices
children dialogue about child mandate and interest t e regional and global
ground practices are made c
pra d for s
level evidence-
(laws, rights, responsibilities protection issues to prevent and respond a n cial
and how to respond) known/ available
to child protection issues dem and so ility based advocacy
b
c c o unta with partners
a
3
2 Mobilise and Strengthen Support vulnerable Strengthen Address other Influence national
With a special raise awareness reporting and households children’s life skills root causes to academia, media and
focus on these faith leaders to
(such as referral (such as Home Visitors, and resilience protection issues
core approaches at Community Change, Celebrating Families/ promote and support
the local level: Channels of Hope) mechanisms (such as Peace Road) (from CP Analysis*)
Positive Discipline) child protection
L O C A L L E V E L A D V O C A C Y
The Child Protection Theory of Change is divided into two parts, with nine sections. Part 1 (the Section 5: Section 5 is called “Breaking Ground” because it describes the initial changes in
first four sections) describes some of the necessary actions or initiators of change. These are knowledge, interest, dialogue and reflection which signals that a change process is possible
interventions which catalyze systemic change in the protective environment or in behaviours and has begun. These initial factors of change include local level changes in knowledge and
of those who are supposed to protect children. Part 2 describes the pathways of change which awareness, as well as broader shifts in public pressure and discourse as well as political will.
need to occur for real change to take place.
Section 6: Section 6 is called “Essential Steps” because it describes the key steps that children,
families, community members, nonformal and formal child protection actors need to take in
PART 1 (Sections 1-4) order to move beyond the initial ground breaking done in Section 5, and start to strengthen the
protective environment around children.
Section 1: The first section is the foundation of our work in child protection across all
contexts—local level collaboration between formal and nonformal actors to strengthen Section 7: Section 7 is called “Establishing Norms” because it describes new socially sanctioned
child protection. WV strongly affirms the foundational importance of collaboration between patterns of behavior which are protective of children. After the Essential Steps in Section 6
nonformal actors (for example churches, community based organizations, indigenous leaders are put into practice, over time the social pressures and norms will shift toward strengthening
and families) and formal actors (such as social, statutory, justice, education, health service protection and care of children. At the same time, government services will be held to and
workers) in order for child protection efforts to be viewed as legitimate by the local population, supported toward a higher quality norm of preventive and responsive service for children.
and feasible in regards to capacity. This collaboration is built upon a shared analysis of the
child protection system strengths and weaknesses, as well as the prevalence of child protection Section 8: Section 8 is called “Changes in Behaviours” and describes the behavior level changes
issues and their root causes. Based on this shared assessment and analysis, the partnership that can be measured in children (especially the most vulnerable), families (especially the most
between formal and nonformal actors develops a shared vision, plans shared projects, and vulnerable), parents, community members, faith communities, local child protection actors, and
decides how they will work and learn together. district/regional governments. These changes in behaviours are individual level expressions of
the changes in norms from Section 7, and can be measured to indicate real change in child
Section 2: The second section focuses on the types of interventions which have proven to protection.
be effective across many contexts. Note that not all of these approaches will be necessary
or appropriate in every context. Based on the analysis by the local actors, as well as analysis Section 9: Section 9 is called “Changes in Outcomes” and describes the measurable outcomes
of the national child protection system and child protection issues, the local partnership of which any change initiative would hope to see, among children (especially the most vulnerable),
formal and nonformal actors should choose which interventions are appropriate in their families (especially the most vulnerable), other community members, faith communities, and
context. Regardless of what interventions are chosen, local level advocacy regarding relevant district/regional governments.
government services is normally needed in order to strengthen demand for change, strengthen
government accountability and ensure the sustainability of interventions. The Theory of Change
Diagram also identifies some of the recommended resources for these interventions in italics.
The third and fourth sections focus on national level work, which complements the local (and
subnational) work that needs to happen for positive change in child protection.
Section 3: Section 3 of the diagram focuses on the important role that national academia, media
and faith leaders have in shaping public attitudes, beliefs and awareness of child protection
issues.
Section 4: Section 4 articulates the critical importance of national, regional and global advocacy
on child protection services, entitlements, resources and political will.
Assumption #3 – A focus on equity is required to ensure the most vulnerable children benefit from efforts to Assumption #7 (Internal) – World Vision National Offices are utilizing the Development Programme Approach for
strengthen child protection. local level programming.
The most vulnerable children often do not benefit from positive changes in their community, The foundational actions outlined in the theory of change (especially Sections 1 and 2), as
and are therefore sometimes even further marginalized as the child protection system is well as the 3X3 Essentials of Child Protection, will be best implemented within the principles
strengthened. Abuse, exploitation, neglect and other forms of violence increase children’s outlined by the Development Programme Approach. This includes a primary focus on
overall vulnerability to harm; which often then results in further marginalization and increased strengthening local partners and partnerships for child well-being, with a special focus on the
vulnerability to violence - setting up a harmful cycle of violence and marginalization. most vulnerable children. Child Protection programming vision and priorities are developed
with and owned by the community (including children) and local partners.
Our WVI Ministry Goal mentions one special priority: “The sustained well-being of children
within families and communities, especially the most vulnerable.” The critical importance of Assumption #8 (Internal) – Child Sponsorship is being utilized to strengthen community care and protection.
child protection is noted in World Vision’s definition of most vulnerable children, where abusive Strengthening Community Care and Protection is one of the Essentials of Sponsorship for
and exploitative relationships are called out as one of the four vulnerability factors. When World Vision. This Sponsorship Essential is implemented in a way which brings greater visibility
defining who are the most vulnerable children, it is critical to include those who are more to the situations of the most vulnerable children, which contributes to this Child Protection
vulnerable to future exploitation, abuse and neglect (such as migrant children, stateless children, Theory of Change, and which acts as an entry point for more comprehensive action described
children without caregivers, street children, children with disabilities, children in fragile states in the CP Theory of Change.
etc.); as well as those who are more vulnerable because they have already experienced abuse,
exploitation and neglect.
World Vision’s Child Protection Theory of Change reflects the support and contributions of
many individuals from across the globe that work to strengthen the prevention and response to
abuse, neglect, exploitation and other forms of violence affecting children.
The theory of change was commissioned by the Child Protection Interest Group, and
would not have been possible without the guidance and support of the executive sponsors,
Mark Lorey, Partnership Leader, Child Development and Programme Effectiveness, and Paul
Stephenson. Senior Director of the Child Development and Rights Technical Cluster.
A special thank you to Philip Cook, International Institute of Child Rights and Development, and
Emma Pritchard, Senior Research & Evaluation Advisor - Child Protection (WV Australia), who
facilitated the Child Protection Theory of Change workshop in June 2013.
Our gratitude is also extended to the workshop participants who developed the theory of
change:
Andrea Mueller Matthew Stephens
Anna Aleksanyan Michele Cook
Andrew Ware Mike Wessells
Brenda Phiri Richard Wamimbi
Gabriela Olguin Robyn Cawker
Kristine Mikhailidi Sharon Marshall
Jeff Hall Tamara Tutnjevic
Krystel Porter Teresa Wallace
Thanks are also extended to colleagues and friends on the Child Protection Interest Group
who provided valuable feedback, especially:
This work aligns with the core World Vision documents that have guided the organization,
including the Ministry Framework, Integrated Focus, Principle Level Choices, Ministry Goal and
Child Well-Being Aspirations and Outcomes.
Thank You,
Bill Forbes
Director, Child Protection