AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
(1898 – 1946)
IN THIS PERIOD, THE PLAN FOR THE MODERN
CITY OF MANILA WAS DESIGNED, WITH MANY
NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE AND ART
DECO BUILDINGS BY FAMOUS AMERICAN
AND FILIPINO ARCHITECTS.
DURING WORLD WAR II, LARGE PORTIONS OF
INTRAMUROS AND MANILA WERE
DESTROYED.
MANY HERITAGE DISTRICTS IN THE
PROVINCES WERE BURNED DOWN BY THE
JAPANESE BEFORE THE END OF THE WAR.
IN THE RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD AFTER
THE SECOND WORLD WAR, MANY OF THE
DESTROYED BUILDINGS WERE REBUILT,
HOWEVER, A MAJORITY OF HERITAGE
STRUCTURES, ESPECIALLY IN THE
PROVINCES, WERE LOST AND NEVER
REBUILT.
MOST OF THE STRUCTURES THAT WERE
LOST ARE CONSIDERED FOCAL PROPERTIES
OF FORMER HERITAGE TOWNS.
FOREMOST OF THE AMERICAN
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE COUNTRY WAS THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT.
THIS LED TO THE ERECTION OF
GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS FROM THE CITY
ALL THE WAY TO THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL.
DESIGNED IN THE MOST RESPECTABLE
MANNER, THESE GOVERNMENT HOUSES
RESEMBLED GREEK OR ROMAN
ARCHITECTURE.
THE REVIVAL PERIOD, POPULAR AT THE
TURN OF THE CENTURY, BECAME THE
FOREMOST ARCHITECTURAL PARLANCE OF
THE ERA AS SEEN IN SUCH BUILDINGS
PARTICULARLY IN MANILA UNDER THE
PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
EDUCATION OF THE MASSES ALSO BECAME
THE THRUST OF THE AMERICAN
OCCUPATION, AS SUCH, PUBLIC EDUCATION
WAS ESTABLISHED, FOREMOST OF WHICH IS
THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES.
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
THE FIRST HEAD OF THE PHILIPPINE
COMMISSION
FROM MARCH 16, 1900 UNTIL JULY 4, 1901
AFTER WHICH THE COMMISSION'S HEAD ALSO
BECAME THE CIVIL GOVERNOR OF THE
PHILIPPINES.
TAFT SERVED IN THAT OFFICE UNTIL JANUARY
31, 1904, WHEN HE WAS APPOINTED
SECRETARY OF WAR BY PRESIDENT THEODORE
ROOSEVELT.
TAFT COMMISSION
ALSO KNOWN AS THE SECOND PHILIPPINE COMMISSION
WAS ESTABLISHED BY UNITED STATES PRESIDENT WILLIAM
MCKINLEY ON MARCH 16, 1900
FOLLOWING THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE FIRST PHILIPPINE
COMMISSION, USING PRESIDENTIAL WAR POWERS WHILE THE
U.S. WAS ENGAGED IN THE PHILIPPINE– AMERICAN WAR.
THE SECOND COMMISSION WAS AT FIRST THE SOLE LEGISLATIVE
BODY OF THE PHILIPPINES, THEN KNOWN AS THE PHILIPPINE
ISLANDS UNDER THE SOVEREIGN CONTROL OF THE UNITED
STATES.
AFTER THE PASSAGE OF THE PHILIPPINE ORGANIC ACT IN 1902,
THE COMMISSION FUNCTIONED AS THE HOUSE OF A BICAMERAL
LEGISLATURE UNTIL IT WAS SUPPLANTED BY AN ELECTED
LEGISLATURE ESTABLISHED IN 1916 BY THE PHILIPPINE
AUTONOMY ACT.
AMERICAN RULE AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY
MARKED A NEW ERA IN ARCHITECTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES.
WITH THE ADVENT OF THE AMERICAN CULTURE, A
CORRESPONDING CHANGE TOOK PLACE.
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT SAW THE INTRODUCTION OF
STRUCTURAL STEEL AND REINFORCED CONCRETED AS WELL
AS CORRUGATED
G. I. SHEETS FOR ROOFING.
AS THE INFLUENCE OF THE AMERICANS WERE FELT, THE WAYS
OF LIVING WERE ALSO CHANGED. PEOPLE BECAME MORE
AFFLUENT AND A MORE DISTINCT DIVISION OF THE
POPULATION INTO DIFFERENT LEVELS BECAME APPARENT.
FAMOUS AMERICAN ARCHITECTS SUCH AS WILLIAM PARSONS
AND EDGAR BOURNE STARTED THE PROTO-MODERNIST WAY
OF DESIGNING CONSTRUCTIONS AND THEY WERE COMMONLY
UNADORNED FACADES TOGETHER WITH LARGE WINDOWS.
ANOTHER PRESTIGIOUS MASTER DESIGNER DURING THAT TIME
WAS AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND URBAN PLANNER DANIEL
BURHAM.
TROPICAL HYBRID DESIGN- FAMILIAR LOCAL ARCHITECTURE
ICONS FROM HISPANIZED COLONIAL STRUCTURE OVERLAID WITH
A NEOCLASSICAL MASSING.
COLONIAL INFRASTRUCTURES- BUILDINGS WERE BUILT TO
FACILITATE VENTURES IN MILITARY CONTROL.
OFFICIAL ARCHITECTURAL
STYLES:
MISSION REVIVAL
NEOCLASSICISM
ART DECO
MISSION REVIVAL
WAS PART OF AN ARCHITECTURAL MOVEMENT,
BEGINNING IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY, FOR THE
REVIVAL AND REINTERPRETATION OF AMERICAN
COLONIAL STYLES.
WAS MOST POPULAR BETWEEN 1890 AND 1915, IN
NUMEROUS RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL AND
INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES, PARTICULARLY SCHOOLS
AND RAILROAD DEPOTS.
USE OF CLAY, ROOF TILES, ADOBE, CONCRETE, STUCCO,
GABLED ROOF, ROUND ARCH ENTRANCES, ARCADES,
CORRIDORS AND MIRADOR TOWERS.
NEOCLASSICISM
BUREAU OF PUBLIC WORKS
SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS CLASSICAL REVIVAL
ARCHITECTURE.
IS AN ARCHITECTURAL STYLE PRODUCED BY THE
NEOCLASSICAL MOVEMENT THAT BEGAN IN THE MID-
18TH CENTURY IN ITALY AND FRANCE.
IT BECAME ONE OF THE MOST PROMINENT
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IN THE WESTERN WORLD.
REVIVAL OF USING GREEK AND ROMAN ORDERS AS
DECORATIVE MOTIFS.
CHARACTERIZED BY GRANDEUR OF SCALE; SIMPLICITY OF
GEOMETRIC FORMS; GREEK, ESPECIALLY DORIC, OR
DANIEL HUDSON BURNHAM
ROMAN DETAIL; DRAMATIC USE OF COLUMNS; AND A
PREFERENCE FOR BLANK WALLS. NEOCLASSICAL
BUILDINGS ARE SYMMETRICAL SHAPE, TALL COLUMNS,
TRIANGULAR PEDIMENT AND HAVE A DOMED ROOF.
TUSCAN DORIC IONIC CORINTHIAN COMPOSITE
ORDER ORDER ORDER ORDER ORDER
ART DECO
SHORT FOR THE FRENCH ARTS DÉCORATIFS
AND SOMETIMES REFERRED TO SIMPLY AS DECO
A STYLE OF VISUAL ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, AND PRODUCT
DESIGN,
FIRST APPEARED IN FRANCE IN THE 1910S (JUST BEFORE
WORLD WAR I) AND FLOURISHED IN THE UNITED STATES
AND EUROPE DURING THE 1920S TO EARLY 1930S.
ART DECO BUILDINGS HAVE A SLEEK, LINEAR
APPEARANCE WITH STYLIZED, OFTEN GEOMETRIC
ORNAMENTATION.
THE PRIMARY FAÇADE OF ART DECO BUILDINGS OFTEN
FEATURE A SERIES OF SETBACKS THAT CREATE A
STEPPED OUTLINE.
LOW-RELIEF DECORATIVE PANELS CAN BE FOUND AT
ENTRANCES, AROUND WINDOWS, ALONG ROOF
EDGES OR AS STRING COURSES.
ART DECO BUILDINGS FEATURE DISTINCTIVE SMOOTH
FINISH BUILDING MATERIALS SUCH AS STUCCO,
CONCRETE BLOCK, GLAZED BRICK OR MOSAIC TILE.
DECORATIVE DETAILS CAN INCORPORATE VARIOUS
ARTISTIC OR EXOTIC MOTIFS TO SUIT THE BUILDING'S
FUNCTION OR THE ARCHITECT'S WHIM.
CHEVRONS, ZIGZAGS, AND OTHER GEOMETRICAL
MOTIFS ARE COMMON FORMS OF ORNAMENT ON ART
DECO STYLE BUILDINGS.
NERVE CENTER OF COLONIAL ARCHITECTURAL
PRODUCTION
FUNCTION WAS CONFINED TO THE CONSTRUCTION
OF ROADS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
CONSULTATIONS, REPAIRS, DESIGN AND
SUPERVISION OF CONSTRUCTION.
CONSULTING ARCHITECTS: WILLIAM PARSONS,
GEORGE FENHAGEN AND RALPH HARRINGTON
DOANE.
AN AMERICAN ARCHITECT
AND URBAN DESIGNER.
A PROPONENT OF THE
BEAUX-ARTS MOVEMENT
HE MAY HAVE BEEN, "THE
MOST SUCCESSFUL POWER
BROKER THE AMERICAN
ARCHITECTURAL
PROFESSION HAS EVER
PRODUCED.“
IN 1904, BURNHAM ACCEPTED A COMMISSION FROM
PHILIPPINES GOVERNOR-GENERAL WILLIAM HOWARD
TAFT.
HE HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO REDESIGN MANILA AND
PLAN A SUMMER CAPITAL TO BE CONSTRUCTED IN
BAGUIO.
DUE TO THE PHILIPPINES STATUS AS A TERRITORY,
BURNHAM WAS ABLE TO PURSUE HIS VISION WITHOUT
HAVING TO WIN LOCAL APPROVAL.
IN 1905, BURNHAM PRESENTED HIS PLAN FOR MANILA,
WHICH WAS PATTERNED AFTER PARIS, VENICE AND
NAPLES.
BURNHAM’S PLAN FEATURES WIDE RADIAL AVENUES,
PLENTY OF GREENERY, AND A GOVERNMENT CENTER.
HE PROPOSED FIVE MAJOR POINTS, STARTING WITH A
PLAN TO DEVELOP THE WATERFRONT AS A MAIN AREA
OF RECREATION. NEXT, BURNHAM WANTED A STREET
SYSTEM THAT ALLOWED EASY TRAVEL AMONG THE
MANY DISTRICTS OF THE CITY.
 THE THIRD PLAN FOCUSED ON PROPER AREAS FOR
BUILDINGS OF VARIOUS PROGRAMS.
BURNHAM'S PLAN INCLUDED THE DEVELOPMENT OF
THE PASIG RIVER AS A TRANSPORTATION CANAL.
THE LAST FEATURE IN HIS FIVE-POINT PROPOSAL WAS
THE CREATION OF SUMMER RESORTS IN LAGUNA AND
BATAAN.
BEFORE BURNHAM'S PLAN FOR MANILA COULD BE
REALIZED, THE SECOND WORLD WAR ERUPTED.
STILL, A FEW PARTS OF THE PLAN DID COME INTO
FRUITION SUCH AS TODAY'S ROXAS BOULEVARD AND
MUCH OF LUNETA PARK.
THOUGH BURNHAM'S MANILA PLAN WAS ONLY
PARTIALLY REALIZED, HIS PLANS FOR BAGUIO WERE
MUCH MORE SUCCESSFUL.
IMPROVEMENTS IN URBAN PLANNING
PROPOSED IDEAS OF ORGANIZED COMPREHENSIVE
URBAN PLANNING BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF THE
CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT.
UPON SEIZING CONTROL OF THE ARCHIPELAGO FROM
SPAIN IN 1898, AMERICANS DURING U.S. COLONIAL RULE
PLAYED A FUNDAMENTAL ROLE IN SHAPING MANILA’S
BUILT ENVIRONMENT WELL INTO THE TWENTIETH
CENTURY.
DESPITE MANILA’S CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, AND
POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN ASIA, THERE IS MINIMAL
SCHOLARSHIP ON ITS URBANIZATION PROCESS AND
HOW PROGRESSIVE ERA POLITICS INFORMED ITS
EVOLUTION.
CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT
IN 1904, THE CHICAGO-FAME ARCHITECT DANIEL H.
BURNHAM CAME TO THE PHILIPPINES ON AN INVITATION
FROM THE GOVERNMENT TO PLAN A MODERN MANILA.
THE CITY THEN HAD A POPULATION OF ONLY A HUNDRED
THOUSAND, BUT BURNHAM ENVISIONED IT AS A
METROPOLIS INHABITED BY MILLIONS, WITH MULTI-
LANED AVENUES RADIATING FROM ITS CENTRAL
DISTRICTS.
HE PROPOSED THAT THE OLD MOAT AROUND
INTRAMUROS BE RECLAIMED, THAT LUNETA BE
ENLARGED INTO A 30 ACRE-PARK, AND THAT A SEASIDE
BOULEVARD BE BUILT FROM THE MANILA WATERFRONT
TO CAVITE.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION
IMPORTING AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING
TECHNOLOGY
NEW MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS
USE OF STEEL-FRAMED SKELETON CONSTRUCTION,
REINFORCED CONCRETE (FERROCONCRETE) AND
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS.
THE KAHN TRUSS SYSTEM, TRUSSED BARS WERE
PLACED WITHIN CONCRETE MOULDS FOR FLOOR
SLABS AND BEAMS.
PRODUCTION OF PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS AND
PRECAST CONCRETE ORNAMENTS.
ADOPTION OF STANDARDIZED PLANS AND
MODULARIZED SYSTEMS FOR BUILDING TYPES.
NOTABLE WORKS:
CITY PLANNING FOR MANILA
CITY PLANNING FOR BAGUIO
PROVINCIAL CAPITOL BUILDING IN BACOLOD,
NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
PANGASINAN PROVINCIAL CAPITOL
BURNHAM PARK
WILLIAM EDWARD PARSONS
AN ARCHITECT AND CITY
PLANNER KNOWN FOR HIS
WORKS IN THE PHILIPPINES
DURING THE EARLY PERIOD
OF AMERICAN
COLONIZATION IN THE
COUNTRY.
CONSULTING ARCHITECT
TO THE PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT FROM 1905
TO 1914
HE DESIGNED VARIOUS STRUCTURES THROUGHOUT THE
COUNTRY, MOST NOTABLY THE GABALDON SCHOOL
BUILDING PLANS.
HE WAS RECOMMENDED BY BURHAM TO “INTERPRET”
THE PRELIMINARY PLANS PREPARED BY BURHAM AND
ANDERSON FOR MANILA AND BAGUIO AND MODIFY
THESE AS NEEDED.
HE WOULD ALSO SUPERVISE PLANS FOR BUILDING
PROJECTS FOR THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC WORKS.
SEVERAL PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND PARKS DESIGNED BY
PARSONS ARE A HYBRID OF COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
AND THAT OF THE PHILIPPINES, WHICH IS A TROPICAL
COUNTRY.
SUCH DESIGNS ALSO ADOPTED THE USE OF LOCAL
MATERIAL, SUCH AS HARDWOODS AND CAPIZ SHELLS
FOR WINDOW SASH IN PLACE OF GLASS TO REDUCE
SUNLIGHT GLARE.
USED THE KAHN SYSTEM OF CONCRETE
REINFORCEMENT AND CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS,
USED OF TERMITE –RESISTIVE PHILIPPINE HARDWOOD
AND CONCEPT OF MASS FABRICATION OF STANDARD
BUILDING TYPES.
 PARSONS ALSO PREPARED THE STANDARDIZED PLANS
OF THE GABALDON SCHOOL BUILDINGS, WHICH WERE
DESIGNED AKIN TO TEMPLATES WITH THE INTENT OF
PROMOTING EFFICIENCY IN THE PLANNING PROCESS.
THESE ARE SCHOOL BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTED IN THE
PHILIPPINES BETWEEN 1907 AND 1946 AND NAMED
AFTER THE LATE ASSEMBLYMAN ISAURO GABALDON OF
NUEVA ECIJA, WHO AUTHORED THE GABALDON ACT
WHICH APPROPRIATED P1 MILLION FOR THE
CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN PUBLIC SCHOOLS
NATIONWIDE.
NOTABLE WORKS:
GABALDON SCHOOL BUILDINGS
CUSTOMS OFFICE, CEBU CITY
MANILA ARMY AND NAVY CLUB BUILDING, MANILA
MANILA ELKS CLUB, MANILA
MANILA HOTEL, MANILA
PACO RAILWAY STATION, MANILA
PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL
H.A. BORDNER BUILDING, MANILA SCIENCE HIGH
SCHOOL
PHILIPPINE NORMAL SCHOOL
PROVINCIAL CAPITOL (OLD) OF LAGUNA PROVINCE IN
SANTA CRUZ, LAGUNA
PROVINCIAL CAPITOL (OLD) OF NUEVA ECIJA IN
CABANATUAN
UNIVERSITY HALL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES MANILA
THE MANSION HOUSE, BAGUIO
PROVINCIAL CAPITOL (OLD) OF CAPIZ PROVINCE IN
ROXAS CITY, CAPIZ
CASA GOBYERNO IN DUMAGUETE
RIZAL OLD CAPITOL, PASIG
IMPROVEMENTS IN SANITATION
THIS HAS A BUILT-IN SYSTEM OF SURFACE DRAINAGE,
PUBLIC LATRINES, PUBLIC BATH HOUSES AND
LAUNDRY AND PUBLIC WATER HYDRANT.
THIS ALSO INCLUDES PUBLIC WATER HYDRANTS TO
BE AVAILED BY THE RESIDENTS FREE OF CHARGE.
ASIDE FROM THE HEALTH AND SANITATION, THE
AMERICANS ALSO SOUGHT TO IMPROVE THE FILIPINO
HOUSE.
TSALET
THE HEALTHY HOUSING ALTERNATIVE
TROPICAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR BUILDINGS
COMBINED WITH HYGIENIC STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES.
MODERN MATERIALS THAT GAVE PREMIUM TO LIGHT,
VENTILATION AND DRAINAGE.
CONSTRUCTED OF WOOD OR FERROCONCRETE.
STEPS LEADING TO A VERANDA, FLOOR TO CEILING
PARTITIONS, BEDROOMS, LIVING AND DINING ROOM,
KITCHEN AND TOILET & BATH.
LIVING AREAS ARE MAINTAINED AT AN ELEVATION A
METER ABOVE GROUND WHICH LOWER THAN THE
BAHAY KUBO – TO DISCOURAGE THE PLACEMENT OF
DOMESTIC ANIMALS UNDERNEATH THE HOUSE.
THE CONCEPCION CHALET- IN JARO DISTRICT IN ILOILO IS
AN AMERICAN-INFLUENCEDSTRUCTURE, RESTORED BY
ANTONIO CONCEPCION PASTELERO.

CUBETA
IN 1902, AMERICANS INTRODUCED THE USE OF THE
TOILET VIA PAIL CONSERVANCY SYSTEM OR CUBETA IN
MANILA.
TOILET AMONG THE DWELLERS OF THE BAHAY KUBO
PUBLIC TOILET SHEDS WERE ALSO INSTALLED IN
CONGESTED NIPA DISTRICTS AND THE AUTHORITIES HAD
BANNED THE USE OF ESTEROS FOR BATHING AND
WASHING.
A LATRINE SYSTEM WAS ALSO DEVELOPED FOR REMOTE
AREAS.

THE SANITARY BARRIO
IN 1908, THE CONCEPT OF A WELL-PLANNED
NEIGHBORHOOD CALLED SANITARY BARRIO WAS
INTRODUCED.
NIPA HOUSES BUILT ON HIGHLY REGULATED BLOCKS OF
SUBDIVIDED LOTS.
CAMP JOHN HAY - A FORMER MILITARY BASE LOCATED IN
BAGUIO CITY, PHILIPPINES. IT WAS ORIGINALLY
ESTABLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES IN
1903 AS A REST AND RECREATION FACILITY FOR
AMERICAN SOLDIERS STATIONED IN THE PHILIPPINES.
 PENSIONADO SYSTEM HIS OUTSTANDING WORKS WERE THE SANTO
DOMINGO CHURCH AND THE AYUNTAMIENTO DE
THE PENSIONADO ACT OF 1903 (OR ACT 854)
MANILA IN INTRAMUROS, WHICH, UNFORTUNATELY,
THE PENSIONADOS, WERE YOUNG FILIPINOS, MOSTLY
WERE BOTH DESTROYED DURING THE SECOND
MALE, WHO WERE SENT TO THE UNITED STATES OF
WORLD WAR..
AMERICA ON SCHOLARSHIPS, INLCUDING FREE BOARD
AND LODGING.
PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS
ARCHITECTS WHO EARNED DEGREES IN GOVERNMENT
AN ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY IN THE PHILIPPINES AND
AND ADMINISTRATION.
IS THE OLDEST ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY IN ASIA.
UPON COMPLETION, THE PENSIONADOS ARE ENTITLED
IT IS COMPOSED OF NOBLE MEN AND WOMEN FROM
TO OCCUPY IMPORTANT ROLES AND POSITIONS IN THE
THE ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION OF THE
GOVERNMENT AND ITS SECTORS.
PHILIPPINES.
IN GENERAL, THE PENSIONADOS BECAME LEADERS IN
IT WAS FOUNDED BY RENOWNED ARCHITECTS IN 1933
THEIR COMMUNITIES BECAUSE THEY COULD SPEAK
WHOSE ULTIMATE ENDEAVOR IS THE PROFESSIONAL
AMERICAN ENGLISH, (ESSENTIAL TO SUCCESS)AND HAD
DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURE IN THE
ACQUIRED AMERICAN TASTES THAT INFLUENCED THE
PHILIPPINES.
CULTURAL ANDPOLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
THE PIA ONCE SERVED AS THE PHILIPPINE SECTION
GENERATIONS OF FILIPINOS.
AND FOUNDING MEMBER OF THE UNION
MAESTRO DE OBRAS INTERNATIONALE DES ARCHITECTES, THE
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR ARCHITECTS
THE SCHOOL NAMED ESCUELA DE INGENIERIA Y
FROM 1950 UNTIL 1991 UNTIL ITS MEMBERSHIP WAS
AQUITECTURA, WHICH OFFERED FIVE-YEAR COURSES IN
THEN PASSED ON TO THE UNITED ARCHITECTS OF THE
ARCHITECTURE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING.
PHILIPPINES.
IN 1911, THE AIAAF (ACADEMIA DE INGENIERA,
ARQUITECTURA Y AGRIMENSURA DE FLILIPINAS) WAS
THE OFFICIAL SEAL OF PIA WAS THE ORIGINAL WORK
DISSOLVED WHEN THE CIVIL ENGINEERS WITHDREW TO
OF ITS FOUNDING PRESIDENT, ARCH. JUAN FELIPE
FORM THEIR OWN PROFESSIONAL ORAGINIZATION, BUT
NAKPIL, FPIA. IT FEATURES THE FOLLOWING IN IT:
NOT BEFORE IT HAS STRUGGLED FOR THE PASSAGE OF
AN ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS LAW.
SKULL OF A CARABAO - THE CARABAO BEING THE
IN 1921, THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ACT NO.
SYMBOL OF FILIPINO HARD WORK AND
2985 PASSED, THE FIRST ENABLING LAW FOR THE
DEDICATION TO PROFESSIONALISM.
PRACTICE OF THE PROFESSIONS OF ENGINEERING AND
BAHAY-KUBO - THE "FILIPINO" HOUSE THAT TRULY
ARCHITECTURE, DEFINED THE UNIQUE AND SEPARATE
SYMBOLIZES THE FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE.
IDENTITIES OF THE TWO PROFESSIONS.
MT. MAYON - THE WORLD-RENOWNED VOLCANO
THAT THE PHILIPPINES BOASTS FOR ITS PERFECT
THE FIRST SCHOOL OF MAESTRO DE OBRA WAS
CONE.
FOUNDED BY THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT: THE ESCUELA
PRACTICA Y PROFESSIONAL DE ARTES OFICIOS DE
THE PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS TRACES
MANILA. THERE WERE TWO CLASSES: FIRST, WAS WITH
ITS ORIGIN TO THE ACADEMIA DE INGENIERA,
ACADEMIC TITLE MAESTRO DE OBRAS-ACADEMICO; AND
ARQUITECTURA Y AGRIMENSURA DE FILIPINAS. THE
SECOND, THOSE WHO ACQUIRED THEIR EXPERTISE
FIRST ORGANIZATION FOR FILIPINO MAESTRO DE
THROUGH PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE LICENSED BY THE
OBRAS DURING THE EARLY 1900. IT WAS CO-
AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA CALLED MAESTRO DE
FOUNDED BY CARLOS ALEJANDRO BARRETTO, ET AL.
OBRAS-PRACTICO.
IN 1903.

THE FIRST FILIPINO GRADUATES WERE:

-JULIO HERNANDEZ (1891),
FIRST GENERATION ARCHITECTS OF
-ISIDRO MEDINA (1894), FILIPINO ARCHITECTS:
-ARCADIO ARELLANO (1894), TOMAS MAPUA
-JUAN CARREON (1896). CARLOS BARETTO
ANTONIO TOLEDO
THE FIRST FILIPINO ARCHITECT WAS FELIX ROXAS Y JUAN ARELLANO
ARROYO WHO WAS SCHOOLED IN LONDON AND BEGAN ARCADIO ARELLANO
HIS ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE IN 1858. TOMAS ARGUELLES
IN 1877 – 1880, HE WAS EMPLOYED BY THE SPANISH
GOVERNMENT, AS THE MUNICIPAL ARCHITECT OF
MANILA.
FIRST GENERATION OF FILIPINO ARCHITECTS
THE SO CALLED FIRST GENERATION OF FILIPINO
ARCHITECTS WHO STUDIED ARCHITECTURE AND
ENGINEERING IN THE UNITED STATES WHO WERE
SPONSORED BY THE COLONIAL MASTERS.
TOGETHER WITH THE MAESTRO DE OBRAS, ARCADIO
ARELLANO AND TOMAS ARGUELLES, THEY COMBINED
BEAUX ARTS ELEMENTS – AESTHETIC PROPORTIONS,
OPTICAL CORRECTIONS – WITH THE INFLUENCES OF
MODERNISM AND THE CONCEPTS OF UTILITY AND
HONESTY OF ARCHITECTURE.
TOMAS MAPUA
HAS THE DISTINCTION OF THE FIRST REGISTERED
FILIPINO ARCHITECT.
IN 1903, HE WAS SENT TO THE UNITED STATES TO
COMPLETE HIS HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION AND COLLEGE
EDUCATION AS ONE THE PENSIONADO STUDENTS.
THE 1903 PENSIONADO LAW AWARDED UNIVERSITY
SCHOLARSHIPS TO THE US FOR FILIPINO EXEMPLARY
FILIPINO STUDENTS.
RETURNING FROM THE US, HE JOINED THE BUREAU OF
PUBLIC WORKS INITIALLY WORKED AS A DRAFTSMAN,
WAS LATER PROMOTED AS SUPERVISING ARCHITECT.
FOUNDER AND FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE MAPUA
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY IN JANUARY 25, 1925.
MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECNHOLOGY – THE FIRST
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN THE PHILIPPINES TO
OFFER A BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN ARCHITECTURE.
ADDITIONAL INFOS:
DANIEL BURNHAM - URBAN PLANNER IN AMERICA, AND
ARCHITECT (PLAN THE CITY OF MANILA) FATHER OF
BEAUTIFUL CITY AND MOVEMENT (?)
MOTE - FOUNTAINS ETC
STREET SYSTEM, DEVELOPMENT OF PASIG RIVER, SUMMER
RESORTS IN LAGUNA ANG BULACAN
PROJECT TOOK 6 MONTHS TO DESIGN BUT 6 WEEKS LANG
SIYA ANDITO. WILLAH HOWARD TAFT - ASK TO HIRE
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT, FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED JR.
(FATHER OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE)
5 ELEMENT LUNETA
WATER FRONT-URBAN DESIGN ELEMENT
STREET SYSTEM-TREES ARE MAINTAIN, ROAD
NETWORKS ETC.
PROPER AREAS, BUILDING OR VARIOUS PROGRAM
(SCHOOL, CASINO, LIBRARIES, MUSEUM, GOVERNMENT
AND NATIONAL BUULDING)
PASIG RIVER RAILWAY, TRANSPORTATIONAL ETC.
SUMMER RESORTS IN LAGUNA AND BULACAN
MANILA AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR: DANIEL
BURNHAM: NAGRELOCATE NG IBANG BUILDINGS AND
DEFENSE COMPONENTD ARE REBUILD. MANILA,
MINITURE OF WASHINGTON DC. PART NG PLAN NI
DANIEL BURNHAM BUT HINDI NAGING REAL. IRL
NAGING ROXAS BOULEVARD.
(BAGUIO MEADOW) BURNHAM PARK, PART OF LARGER
PLAN IN CITY OF BAGUIO. HE LEAVE IT TO WILLIAM.
NEGROS OCCIDENTAL CAPITOL, JUAN ARELLANO
EXECUTE NG PROJECT. VERY GREEK. RAISED
PANGASINAN CAPITOL, LINGAYEN, RECTANGULAR
PLAN. RAISED. DAMAGED AND RECONSTRUCTED.
AWARD: BEST PROVINCIAL CAPITOL IN 2008.
TROPICAL HYBRID DESIGNS: CAN-SYSTEM- CONCRETE.
JULIUS CAN- AMERICAN ENGINEER. WILLIAM PARSON-
GABALDONS-7X9 METERS, MODERN IN BAHAY KUBO,
AND BAHAY NA BATO. ADUANA BUILDING - CUSTOM
BUILDING, MALACAÑANG SA SUGBU, GINAGAMIT NA
SIYA AS NATIONAL MUSEUM IN CEBU CITY.
BUILDING IN INTRAMOS, RIZAL PARK. ALONG THE
SHORE. RESERVE BY DANIEL BURNHAM. ARMY NAVY
CLUB. SOCIAL LIFE OF AMERICAN. USED BY BOMB
SHELTER DURING JAPANESE WAR. NOW CALLED RIZAL
PARK HOTEL. (MANILA ARMY AND NAVY CLUB)
BENCH CLUB NOW CALLED MUSEUM PAMBATA.
MANILA HOTEL. PREMIUM HOTEL IN THE PHILIPPINES,
BUILT ON THE RECALIM 24000 SQM ALONG RIZAL
PARK. RESIDENCE OF DOUGLAS MAC ARTHUR,
MILITARY ADVISOR OF MANILA COMMONWEALTH.
FIRST HOTEL WITH ELEVATOR.
ANDRES P. LUNA - PENCIONADO, FATHER: JUAN LUNA.
PACO MANILA. FACADE IS THE ONLY ONE INTACT.
BATTLE OF MANILA. CROSS IN PASIG RIVER, BATTLE
TOOK PLACE IN THE STATION, BETWEEK THE UNITED
STATES AND FILIPINO TROOPS.
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, PHILIPPINE GENERAL
HOSPITAL. LARGER TRAINING HOSPITAL IN THE
COUNTRY. NEO-CLASSISM. TROPICAL HYBRID.
PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY, DATI PHILIPPINE
NORMAL SCHOOL, WHERE TEACHERS ARE TRAINED.
FREE SECULAR SCHOOL SYSTEM, WHERE ENGLISH ARE
THE ONLY LANGUAGE TAUGHT. RECRUITMENT OF
MANY AMERICAN EDUCATOR. HERONIMA PECSON
HALL.
THE MANSION, SUMMER RESIDENCE OF AMERICAN
GENERAL GOVERNOR. SUMMER PALACE. WITH
SPANISH COLONIAL TOUCH.