‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Failure analysis of metallic structures‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻓﺸﻞ ﻣﻴﺘﺎﻟﻮﺭﺟﻲ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻋ�ﻦ ﺃﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻬ�ﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻮﻁ�ﺔ ﺑﻬ�ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ ﻗ�ﺪ ﻳﻨ�ﺘﺞ ﻋ�ﻦ ﺣ�ﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺃﻭ ﻗ�ﺪ ﻳ�ﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟ�ﻰ ﺣ�ﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠ�ﻢ ﻣ�ﺪﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﻻ ﷲ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴ�ﻞ ﺃﺳ�ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﻬﻴ�ﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻫ�ﻮ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳ��ﺪ ﺃﻟﻴ��ﺎﺕ ﺣ��ﺪﻭﺙ ﻫ��ﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻧﻬﻴ��ﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺳ��ﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻈ��ﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻟ��ﻪ‪ .‬ﺃﻣ��ﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴ��ﻞ ﺍﻟﺴ��ﺒﺐ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻻﺳ��ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺭﻳ��ﺔ ﻟﺤ��ﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﻬﻴ��ﺎﺭ‬
‫)‪ (RCFA‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺛﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻳﻨﺘﻘ�ﻞ ﻣ�ﻦ ﺧﻄ�ﻮﺓ ﺍﻟ�ﻲ ﺃﺧ�ﺮﻯ ﺣﺘ�ﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺭﺍء ﻓﺸﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻻﻧﻬﻴ�ﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳ�ﺪ ﺃﺳ�ﺒﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟ�ﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ�ﺪ ﺍﺳ�ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻠ�ﻞ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺒ��ﻪ ﻓ��ﻲ ﻣﻌ��ﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠ��ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺤﺴ��ﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤ��ﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘ��ﺎﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴ��ﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓ��ﻲ ﺗﻠ��ﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺷ��ﺔ ﺳ��ﻴﺘﻢ ﺗ��ﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺷ��ﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ��ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ ﻟ�ﺒﻌﺾ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺗﺤﻠﻴ�ﻞ ﺍﻟﺴ�ﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺠ�ﺬﺭﻱ ﻟﻼﻧﻬﻴ�ﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳ�ﺪ ﺍﻹﺟ�ﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼ�ﺤﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴ�ﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣ�ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻨ�ﺐ ﺗﻜ�ﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸ�ﻜﻠﺔ ﻓ�ﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴ�ﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﺃﺧﻴ�ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺳ�ﻴﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺳ�ﺔ ﻭﻓﺤ�ﺺ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸ�ﺔ ﺣ�ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﻬﻴ�ﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻌﻠﻴ�ﺔ ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳ�ﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺭﻱ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺗﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺷﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﺸﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺟ�ﺰﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴ�ﺔ ﻭﻣ�ﻦ ﺛ�ﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓ�ﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴ�ﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺵ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺷﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺃﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻁﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺭﻱ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺭﺷﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻭﺭﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻲ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﺭﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪:‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪American Society for Metals. Metals Handbook. Vol. 11. Failure Analysis and Prevention. ASM.‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Mobley, R. Keith. Root cause failure analysis. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Bloch, Heinz P., and Fred K. Geitner. Machinery failure analysis and troubleshooting: practical‬‬
‫‪machinery management for process plants. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2012.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﺇﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻟﺤﺎﻡ ﻭﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪k.hafez@cmrdi.sci.eg‬‬
‫‪01099284614‬‬

‫‪P.O. Box 87, Helwan, Cairo, EGYPT‬‬ ‫‪www.cmrdi.sci.eg‬‬