Five Kingdom

Classification

Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing

and classifying organisms and includes all
plants, animals and microorganisms of the
world.

The Five Kingdom Classification is one of the

most common ways to group living beings
based on their characteristics like cell
structure, body organization, mode of
nutrition, source of nutrition, reproduction,
and interrelationship with others.

This system was developed by Robert H.

Whittaker in 1969

Digestive System: There are 2 types of digestive system. Complete and Incomplete
digestive systems.
Complete Digestive System: In this type of digestive system there are 2 openings to the
outside of the body, a rear-end and a mouth. For instance: Chordates and Arthropods.
Incomplete Digestive System: It consists of only one open to the outside of the body a
solitary opening which serves as both rear-end and mouth. For example
Platyhelminthes.
Organ Systems Patterns
Circulatory System: They are 2 types of the
Circulatory framework – open type and closed
type.

Open Type: In this type of circulatory system the

blood is pumped out of the heart. For example
Mollusca and Arthropods.

Closed Type: In this type of circulatory system the blood flows through a progression of
vessels that is capillaries, arteries, and veins.

Body Symmetry: There are 3 types of symmetry.

Bilateral, Radial, and Asymmetrical.

Bilateral Symmetry: Animals, where a body can be

partitioned into indistinguishable left and right
parts, are known to be bilaterally symmetrical.

Radial Symmetry: Animals tend to display spiral

symmetry. For example Coelenterates,
Echinoderms, and Ctenophores.
Asymmetrical: Asymmetry is the finished nonappearance of symmetry. That is a few
animals cannot be divided into two equivalent parts along with any plane going
through the focal point of the organism. For example Sponges.
Based on the presence and absence of the vertebral column:
The organisms of Kingdom Animalia are classified into two categories, such as
invertebrates and vertebrates on the presence and absence of a vertebral column.
Invertebrates:
Sponges, hydra, flatworms, roundworms, insects, snails, and starfishes are
invertebrates due to the absence of a vertebral column.

Vertebrates:
Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, including human beings, are
vertebrates due to the presence of a vertebral column.

Kingdom Monera
Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Mycoplasma and
Archaea belong to this kingdom.

Features of Kingdom Monera

• Organisms belonging to Kingdom Monera are
unicellular and prokaryotic.
• These organisms are microscopic and occur everywhere.
• They do not have a well-defined nucleus.
• There is no presence of membrane-bound organelles like endoplasmic
reticulum, chloroplasts, mitochondria, or Golgi complex.
• Some organisms have a cell wall while other organisms do not.
• While there is no presence of cellulose, monera that have a cell wall, it is
usually built of protein and polysaccharide compounds.
• While some organisms classified under Kingdom Monera are heterotrophic, other
organisms are autotrophic.
• While heterotrophic bacteria can be either a saprophyte or a parasite,
autotrophic bacteria can be photosynthetic or chemosynthetic.
• These organisms are known to reproduce by the asexual method of binary fission.

Types of Monerans
• They can be categorized into four different kinds based on the shape they form.
These are:
• Coccus/ Cocci- These bacteria are known to have a spherical shape.
• Bacillus/ Bacilli- These bacteria are known to have the shape of a rod.
• Vibram/ Vibrio- These bacteria are known to form the shape of a comma.
• Spirillum/ Spirilla- These bacteria are spiral-shaped.
Features of Kingdom Protista
• Organisms grouped under Kingdom Protista are unicellular and eukaryotic.
• They are the simplest forms of eukaryotes.
• They are either autotrophs or heterotrophs.
• Some organisms also have appendages that are also called flagella or cilia. They use
these mechanisms to move around.
• They opt for sexual or asexual modes of reproduction.
• Common examples of protists include Amoeba, Euglena, Diatoms, Paramoecium and
Plasmodium.
• Protists can have two major groups- the first
bear similarity with animals cells in the sense
that they do not have cell walls; the second
bears similarity to the plant cells which have cell
walls and have characteristics similar to that of
algae.
• The Protista Kingdom does not have well-
defined boundaries.
• These organisms are mostly aquatic organisms.

Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Fungi consists of eukaryotic,
heterotrophic, multicellular organisms.

Features of Kingdom Fungi

• These organisms are eukaryotic.
• They feed on dead or decaying organic matter, hence they depend on
saprophytic modes of nutrition.
• They have cell walls present in them, which is made of a substance called chitin.
• Fungi can be either unicellular or multicellular; yeast is an example of unicellular
and mushrooms are an example of multicellular.
• They are heterotrophic organisms.
• They can also often be parasitic.
• Reproduction occurs through both sexual and asexual methods of spore
formation.
Carbon is stored in fungi, not in the form of starch, but in the form of oxygen.
• Examples of fungi include mushrooms, yeast, and aspergillus.
• Fungi are incapable of locomotion.
• They consist of fine threads known as hyphae. An entire web of hyphae is known
as mycelium.
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Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Plantae can be subdivided
into categories of its own-
Gymnosperms, Angiosperms,
Pteridophyta, Thallophyta, and
Bryophyta based on the absence or
presence of specialised vascular tissue
and their various body structures.

Features of Kingdom Plantae

• These organisms are all eukaryotic organisms and have chloroplasts.
• They are multicellular.
• They have a cell wall that is highly distinct and made of cellulose.
• Plantae Kingdom organisms are not motile.
• These organisms make their own food by conducting photosynthesis, hence they are
called autotrophs. Some of them are, however, heterotrophs.
• There is the presence of photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll and plastids.
• These organisms store food in the form of starch.
• Common examples of these are flowering plants, ferns, conifers, roses and more.
Kingdom Animalia
• The animal kingdom is divided into various phyla and consists of various classes,
which are Porifera, Coelenterata, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata to name a
few.
• Common examples of the animal kingdom include Chordata- vertebrates like
birds, reptiles, fishes, mammals and amphibians, Mollusca- squid and snails,
Arthropoda- insects and crustaceans and more.

Features of Kingdom Animalia

• These organisms are eukaryotic.
• They are also multicellular.
• They do not have a prominent cell wall.
• There is no presence of photosynthetic
pigments. These are motile organisms.
• They are heterotrophs in nature, which
means they cannot make their own
food, and they depend on other
organisms for food.
• These organisms can produce both
sexually or asexually.
• Carbon is stored as fat and glycogen.