Essay Writing
a Match the introductions to the conclusions. Whid
Introductions
‘Address the reader directly. eg. Have you ever
imagined what life would be like without electricity?
Start with an objective statement. 2g. A recent
study has shown a link between stress and heart
disease.
Start with a quotation. eg. Mother Teresa said “Ir
‘you can’t feed hundred people, then feed just one.”
Start with a rhetorical question (ie. @ question
that does not require an answer).
eg. Ate dogs really « man's best friend?
Start with a problem that needs a solution. e9.
Inecent years, there has been a rise in violent
Make reference to a strange scene or situation.
‘e.g. Most people would feel disgusted if you asked
them to eat half a cup of sugar, but that’s the
‘average amount that o person eats each day.
Introductions
[7D The heewy traffic in our ety Is @ problem that
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ao
needs to be urgently addressed, as itis causing
‘considerable air pollution as well as @ great
deal of stress for drivers.
It is now considered highly likely that our fossil
fuol resources will run out in the next 100 years.
‘This means that countries will soon have to
develop other sources of power.
Today, a huge percentage of young people are
‘overweight, and this is mainly due to them not
gelting enough exercise. What can be done 10
‘encourage young people to be more active?
Have you ever thought about where your household
waste ends up? These days, rubbish tips
throughout the country are overtiowing as more and
more household waste is being produced.
‘As Etma Bombeck said “The odds of going to
the store for a loaf of bread and coming out with
only a loat of brosd are three billion to one” For
Some people, compulsive shoppiiiy ty a serious
problem, but there are ways to control it.
[ET] Walking to your workspace in pyjamas might
seem like strange behaviour, but that's exactly
what some people do every morning.
Conclusions
Give the reader something to think about. e..
In future years, we might all become vegetarian.
‘Summarise the points made. e.. To conciude, it
‘appears that the best way to tackle this problem
tnd with a quotation. eg. To sum up, tend to
‘ogree with George Bernard Shaw who said
“Animals are my frends and I don't eat my
frends.”
End with a rhetorical question. eg. n any case,
wouldn't doing nothing only makes this problem
worse?
End with an objective statement. eg. Indee,
‘numerous experts belive thot i the future the
Internet will become an even bigger part of our
rs.
h techniques are used in each?
Conclusions
a To conclude, by encouraging people to use
public transport arid reducing the number of caro
that enter the city centre, traffic jams
Fleetwood could soon be a thing of the past.
In conclusion, | think that Jaime Lerner put it best
when she said, “We can't have landills forever, and
we cant ask others to accept our trash! The
proslem of waste needs to be tackled at its root,
and that means producing loss waste in our homes,
¢ All things considered, itis clear that some people
have a psychological problem that causes them to
spend their money uncontrollably. But by following
the suggestions listed above, these people can
have batter control over their finances.
Allin all, something must be done to encourage
young people to get ft and take care of their bodies.
‘Attor all, how would the country cope if todays
‘young develop serious health problems lator in ite?
@ On the whole, the future of mankind depends on
us reducing our energy needs or finding a safe
renewable couree of power It remains to be
seen if wo ean manage to do either.
1 Taking everything into consideration, | feel thet the
pros of working at home outweigh the cons. Attor
all, how else would you be able to take a short nap
at your desk in the middle of your working day?)Essay Writing
Writing _
i aaa
(Formal style is characterised by:)
imple sentence structure (e.g. These days, both ‘complex sentence structure (e.g. Nowadays, due to the
‘ich and poor peaple are going on holidays abroad avallbilty of low-cost oirine tickets, an increasing
‘because oirlne tickets are so cheap.) umber of people, regardless of their social class, are
traveling abroad for their holidays.)
simple vocabulary (2.9. We need to look after poor ‘advanced vocabulary (eg Societys undeprivieged
people) ‘members shouldbe protected )
+ colloquial phrasal verbs (e.g. We've got to come advanced phrasal verbs (e.9. Local authorities need
‘up with a woy to stop this.) to seek out woys to deal with this)
‘+ contracted verb forms (9. It's 0 decision that’s full verb forms (eg. This decision is going to have
going to change o lt of things.) severe consequences)
+ informal linking words/phrases (eg. Also, nurses formal linking words/phrases (e.g. What is more,
‘and doctors take care of old people in retirement ‘elderly people are cared for by nurses and doctors in
homes.) retirement homes)
+ friendly personel tone (9. I'm sure thot impersonal tone (e.g. Itis widely maintained thot this
‘everything will turn out fine.) issue will be resolved.)
+ colloquial idioms (e.g. Getting through university formal idioms (eg It is often necessary to pay a
can cost an arm and a lea.) pretty penny for a university education.)
+ use of active forms (e.¢. People are producing frequent use of passive forms (e.g. Household waste is
a lot of household waste.) being produced at an uncontrollable rate)
+ colloquial expressions (e.g. It's about time the formal expressions (eg. The government needs to
‘government took care of these people.) take action to protect these people.
Study the elements of formal style in the BY Use the words in brackets to rewrite the
extracts below. informal sentences into formal ones.
Bad weather can make a boat journey really
foestal awful, (travelling by boaVbe unpleasant!
Although growing up in a big family can be 8°” nen/weather/berbad)
challenging, it may be a blessing in Travelling by boat can be unpleasant when
disguise. In the frst place, children in e ihe weatiar baci
large family are alwaye surrounded by alot | passive 2 Some poople say going on a diet ient worth
of people. For instance, children in Targe > ‘crm ft tm pe/oftn bellevedtaleting/eause more
families are never short of people to eee
Sel socialise with Therefore, they tend to 9: One ntl bel ting We you contigo ety ee
‘evelop Better social skills_than those in bee
= ona bieycle. (major disadvantage/cyclista/
Smal ames. alton NESYUAY —_parthey ean oniyftraveliimited distance)
| 4 You need to know some maths to find a jod.
‘On the other hand, ome arque that being in (it befessentiavhaverbasic maths skills/
a large family has its negatives. For one, ih erdodiiind smaloyiieni)
chidren in large ‘emes donot. getas much_| fill Things would be bot I we cr alow cars
attention ftom their parents as children in) (= in tho city centre. (situation/eould/be