SST 20M - LIGHT DUTY

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Design Criteria
 PT. DUTA CIPTA KONSULTAMA
JL.Panjang Jiwo 58 Surabaya
Phone : 031-8433166 Fax : 031-8433186
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
FOR SELF SUPPORTING TOWER

In compliance with the technical specification, the document describes

the minimum criteria for specifying and designing of tower.

I. STANDARD / REFERENCE

a. TIA / EIA - 222 - F - 1996 STANDARD : Structural Standards for Steel

Antenna Towers and Antenna Supporting Structures.
b. AISC-ASD Code ' 89 - American Institute of Steel Construction
c. ACI 318-89 Code - American Concrete Institute
d. Indonesian Loading Code ( PMI 1970 N.I-I8 )

II. MATERIALS SPECIFICATION

a. Steel Structure
- Structure Type = Self Supporting Tower
- Steel Shapes & Plates = ASTM A 36 / JIS G3101 fy = 245 Mpa

b. Bolt & Nut

- Splice Bolts = ASTM A - 325 / JIS B1051 - Grade 8.8 fy = 560 Mpa

c. Anchor Bolt
- Grade of Anchor = ASTM A - 307 fy = 240 Mpa

d. First Coating
- Hot Dipped Galv. = ASTM A - 123 80 microns thickness

e. Concrete
- fc' = 19 Mpa ( 28 days ) / K-225

f. Rebars
- Grade of rebars = Fy 240 MPa for dia. 12 mm < BJTP ; Fy 320 MPa for < dia.13 BJTD

g. Welding Electrodes
- Grade of welding = AWS D1.1 E60XX. fy = 345 Mpa

Prepared by : EKO @DE-Dept

12/4/2006
 PT. DUTA CIPTA KONSULTAMA
JL.Panjang Jiwo 58 Surabaya
Phone : 031-8433166 Fax : 031-8433186
III. LOADINGS

a. Dead Load
Consist of Weight of Tower structure including antenna, ladder
and appurtenances.
b. Wind Load
Calculated according to TIA / EIA - 222 - F STANDARD : Structural
Standard for Steel Antenna Towers and Antenna Supporting Structures
The design of wind Pressures for the tower structure based on max. wind
velocity = 120 Kph
Where wind force applied to each section of the structure shall be calculated from
the equation :
F = horizontal force applied to a section of the structure ( KN )
qz * GH * [ CF * AE + ΣCA*AA)], but not to exceed 2*qz*GH*AG
qz = Velocity pressure ( Pa )
= .613 Kz V2 for V in m/s
Kz = Exposure Coefficient
[z/10]2/7 for z in meters
1.00 < Kz<2.58
V = basic wind speed for the structure location ( m.s -1)
z = height above average ground level to midpoint of panel of the structure and
appurtenances ( M )
GH = gust response factor
CF = structure force coefficient
e = (AF+AR)/AG
e = solidity ratio
AF = projected area of flat structural component in one face of the section ( m 2 )
AG = gross area of one tower face ( m 2 )
AR = Projected area ( m2 ) of round structural component in one face of the section
AE = efective projected area of structural component in one face ( m 2 )
= DF AF + DR AR RR (m2)
( Note : For tubular steel pole structure, AE shall be the actual projected area based on
diameter or overall width. )
RR = .51e2 + .57 RR<1.0
RR = The reduction factor for round structural component
DF = Wind direction factor
1 for square cross section and normal wind direction
1+ 0.75 e for square cross section and + 45 0 wind direction (1.2 max)
DR = Wind direction factor for round structural components
= 1 ; for square cross section and normal wind direction
= 1+ 0.75 e ; for square cross section and + 45 0 wind direction
(1.2 max)
CA = linear or discrete appurtance force coefficient
AA = projected area of a linear appurtance
CA is depended on Aspect ratio
Aspect Ratio = Overall length/width ratio in plane normal to wind direction

Prepared by : EKO @DE-Dept

12/4/2006
 PT. DUTA CIPTA KONSULTAMA
JL.Panjang Jiwo 58 Surabaya
Phone : 031-8433166 Fax : 031-8433186
Wind Load Calculation method on the antennas is as follow:
Fa = Ca x A x Kz x GH x V2
Fs = Cs x A x Kz x GH x V2
M = Cm x D x A x Kz x GH x V2
Ha = (Fa2+Fs2 )1/2
Mt = Fa x X + Fs x Y + M
L = the distance the antenna's axis to the frame's joints
GH = Gust response factor from 2.3.4
= 0.65+0.6/(h/10) 1/7 for h in meters
A = Outside aperture area of parabolic reflector, grid, or horn antenna
= Plate area of passive reflector ( ft 2 )
D = Outside diameter of parabolic reflector, grid, or horn antenna ( ft )
= Width or length of passive reflector ( ft 2 )
V = basic wind speed ( m.p.h ) from 2.3.3
KZ = Exposure coefficient from 2.3.3 with z equal to the hight
of the origin of the axis system
Kz = Exposure Coefficient
= [z/10]2/7 for z in meters
FA = axial force ( lb )
Fs = side force ( lb )
M = Twisting moment ( ft-lb )
Ca, Cs, Cm are load coeficients contained in tables B1
trough B6 as function of wind angle,…... TIA page 62-67
Ha = resultant of FA and FS ( lb )
Mt = Total twisting moment ( ft-lb )
X = The offset of the mounting pipe ( ft )
Y = The distance on the reflector axis from the reflector vertex to
the center of the mounting pipe ( ft )

Wind Load Calculation methode on the parabolic antenna is as follow:

Fa = Ca x A x Kz x GH x V2
Fs = Cs x A x Kz x GH x V2
M = Cm x D x A x Kz x GH x V2
Ha = (Fa2+Fs2 )1/2
Mt = Fa x X + Fs x Y + M

where:
Fa = axial force ( kg )
Fs = side force ( kg )
M = Twisting moment ( kg-m )
Ca = Wind load coeficient
Cs = Wind load coeficient
Cm = Wind load coeficient
V = Wind velocity ( m.p.h )

Prepared by : EKO @DE-Dept

12/4/2006
 PT. DUTA CIPTA KONSULTAMA
JL.Panjang Jiwo 58 Surabaya
Phone : 031-8433166 Fax : 031-8433186
c. Antennas Load and Top body part dimension.
Tower Structure considered to be able to support the antennas load as
table bellow :

elevation Weight + Support

No. Description Qty.
m Kg.

1 MW Ant. Ø 1,2 m Radome 20.00 2 pcs 375

3 GSM 2G/3G Sectoral Antenna 18.00 6 pcs 96.5

5 GSM 2G/3G Sectoral Antenna 15.00 3 pcs 96.5

IV. LOAD COMBINATION

According to AISC - ASD'89 Standard , only the following load combination shall be
investigated when calculating the maximum member stresses and structure reaction :

COMB 1 = DL
COMB 2 = DL + LL
COMB 3 = DL + LL ± WL

Where ;
DL : Dead Load
LL : Live Load
WL : Wind Load

V. DESIGN TOLERANCES

The design / analysis tolerances are :

a. Allowable Stress Ratio = 1

b. Slenderness Ratio : Leg ≤ 150

Bracing ≤ 200
Redudant ≤ 250

c. Allowable Twist = 0.5 degree

d. Allowable Sway = 0.5 degree

e. Allowable Horizontal Displacement = H/200 ( H= Tower Height )

f. Verticality = H/2000 ( H= Tower Height )

Prepared by : EKO @DE-Dept

12/4/2006
 PT. DUTA CIPTA KONSULTAMA
JL.Panjang Jiwo 58 Surabaya
Phone : 031-8433166 Fax : 031-8433186
VI. ALLOWABLE UNIT STRESS

The unit stresses in the stucture membersdo not aceed the allowable unit stresses
for the materials as specified in the EIA standard EIA - 222 - F.

1. Tension
Ft = 0.60 Fy ( Kg/cm2 )
2. Shear
Fv = 0.40 Fy ( Kg/cm2 )
3. Compression
i ) On the gross section of axial loaded compression members when kl/r is less than Cc :

⎡ kl r ⎤
⎢ 1 − 2 Cc 2 ⎥ Fy
Fa = ⎣ ⎦ ( Kg / cm 2
)
3 3
5 3 ( kl r ) ( kl / r )
+ −
3 8 Cc 8 Cc 3
2π 2 E
where ; Cc =
Fy

ii ) On the gross section of axial loaded compression member, when kl/r exceeds
12 π 2 E
Fa = ( Kg / cm 2 )
Fy

4) Bending
Tension and compression on extreme fibers :
Fb = 0.66 Fy (Kg/cm2)
5) Tension on Bolts
Fv = 0.60 Fy ( kg/cm2 )
6) Shear on Bolts
Fv = 0.30 Fy ( kg/cm2 )
7) Bearing on Bolts
Fp = 1.20 Fv ( kg/cm2)

D:\!! Eko's Documents\INDOSAT\[Design Criteria Roof Top.xls]Kriteria Design

Prepared by : EKO @DE-Dept

12/4/2006