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21 Century Literature Reviewer

WEEK 01 - 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Forefathers
Spanish Priors − Burned the alphabet
Works of the devil.
Written on materials that quickly perished.
Which could not have remain firm even if epics remain to preserve them.
 Unique Geographic Location − Reason why we are rich

Literary Periods in Philippine Literature

1. Pre−colonial Period (1565)

2. Spanish (1566−1871)
3. Period of Enlightenment (1872−1898)
The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896)
− Movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle−class like
 Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma.
Panganiban and Pedro Paterno.
 In 19th Century, Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called ilustrados began to write
about the hitch of colonization.
Rizal’s writings:
o Noli Me Tangere
o Mi Ultimo Adios
o Sobre La Indolencia Delos Filipinos
o Filipinas Dentro De Cien Aňos
Del Pilar’s writings:
o Pagibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of Country)
o Kaingat Kayo (Be Careful)
o Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes)
Jaena’s writings:
o Ang Fray Botod
o La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of the Friar)
o Everything Is Hambug (Everything is mere show)
o Sa Mga Pilipino...1891)
o Talumpating Pagunita Kay Kolumbus (An Oration to Commemorate Columbus).
4. American Period (1898−1945)
THE AMERICAN REGIME (1898−1944)
− Spanish, Tagalog and dialects
− writers in Tagalog to arouse love for one’s native tongue
− writers in English imitated
5. Japanese Period (1946−1945)
The Japanese Period (1941−1945)
Filipino Poetry During This Period
common theme of most poems was nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios, faith,
religion, and the arts.
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Three types of poems emerged during this period:

o Haiku − 17 syllables ;three lines (5−7−5)
o Tanaga − is short, but it had measure and rhyme
o Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)
6. Period of Literature in English (1946−1970)
THE Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945)
− Dark Period the strict prohibitions imposed by the Japanese in the writing
− Many books were in Filipino and in English for the first twenty years
− Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived. Most themes in Japanese brutalities, the
poverty of life under the Japanese government, and the brave guerilla exploits.
7. Rebirth of Freedom
(1981−1885) Rebirth of
Freedom (1946−1970)
8. Period of Activism and New Society (1970−1980)
Period of Activism (1970−1972)
− The Literary Revolution
− A change in the government. It was manifested in the bloody demonstrations
Period of New Society (1972-1980)
− The New Society tried to stop Pornography or those writings giving bad influences on
the morals of people. All school newspapers were temporarily stopped and so with
school organizations.
− News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism, reading magazines and comics.
Period of the Third Republic (1981−1985)
− Martial Law (January 2, 1981) President Marcos called <The New Republic of
the Philippines.=
− Poems romantic and revolutionary.
− Songs true−to−life of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country
and fellowmen.
9. Post EDSA (1886−1999)
POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986−1995)
− regained their independence
− In four days from February 21−25, 1986, the so−called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan)
− THE INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S JOURNAL.
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10. 21 Century (2001−Present)
− The new trends
− 21st Century learners are demanded to be ICT inclined
− New codes or lingos
Literature
 Written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.
 Writings having excellence of form or expression and expressing ideas.
EXAMPLE OF LITERARY WORKS
o fiction
o nonfiction
o manuscripts
o poetry
o contributions to collective works
o compilations of data or other literary subject matter
o dissertations
o song Lyric
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o short story
Pre- Colonial Literature
FOLK TALES
− made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and humor.
EPIC AGE
− series of heroic achievements or events, usually of a hero.
FOLK SONGS

− one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature.

− These songs mirrored the early forms of culture.

24 Epics from Different Region in the Archipelago

o Biag Ni Lam-ang − Ilocos Region

o Maragtas − Visayas
o Parang Sabir − Moro
o Ibalon − Bicol Region

Hinilawod

− A Panay Epic
 An epic poem orally transmitted from early inhabitants of a place called Sulod in central
Panay, Philippines.
 The term "Hinilawod" generally translates to "Tales From The Mouth of The Halawod
River
− Labaw Donggon
− Humadapnon
− Dumalapdap

12syllables.
o Kundiman
o Kumintang o Tagumpay
o Ang Dalit o Imno
o Ang Oyayi o Hele
o Diana
o Soliraning
o Talindaw
Folk songs
− Innate appreciation for love of beauty.
Ex. Leron−Leron Sinta, Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi, and Atin Cu Pung Sing−sing.
Recreational Plays
− Poetic form such as Cenaculo, Panunuluyan, Salubong and Zarzuela.

Spanish Influences on Philippine Literature

− ALIBATA − First Filipino Alphabet
− was replaced by the Roman alphabet−teaching of the Christian Doctrine
− European legends and traditions brought here in became assimilated in our songs
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WEEK 02 – Identifying Representative Texts from the Regions

LITERARY DEVICE
 IMAGERY
− Poetic element that tries to create a picture in the mind of the reader or mental image
through the use of figurative language.
o Objects
o Places
o Ideas
o Actions that appeal to the senses of the readers

 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
− Create an image, association, or other effect in mind of the listener or reader that goes
beyond the literal meaning or expected use pf the words involved.

A Taste of Philippine Poetry

o Ilocos Norte
o Ilocos Sur
o La Union
o Pangasinan
− Geographical boundaries, these people often experience heavy rains and violent
typhoons, especially during rainy seasons.
 Carlos A. Angeles
− Region 1
− Cultural Heritage Award
Ex. GABU by Carlos A. Angeles
− Ilocos Norte near the sea.
A Taste of Tagalog Essay
o CALABARZON
− has participated actively in the country’s fight for freedom and democracy.
 RIZAL of Laguna
 MABINI of Batangas
 AGUINALDO of Cavite
A Taste of Creative Nonfiction
Western, Central, Eastern Visayas
 DWELLING PLACE OF FESTIVALS
− Ati−Atihan, Dinagyang, Sinulog, Pintados at Maskara
Ex. Salubungin (Bagong) Daluyong ng mga Agos sa Disyerto by SIGLIWA Aug 2009
− Philippine Literature