ART APPRECIATION - The scientist becomes a

LEARNED MAN.
MODULE 1: Art and Humanities Western
and Filipino Concepts
ART AS HUMANISTIC DISCIPLINE
Fields of Learning
 Sciences
 Humanities
- Language
- History
- Art (Art, Creation, Artist,
Practice) ; (ART
APPRECIATION, Spectator,
Theory)
The two general fields of learning:
 The Sciences
- Deal with natural, physical
phenomena
 The Humanities
- Deal with human phenomena
Paradigm for learning in the sciences:
 Subject knower - Scientific Method -
Object known
- “The scientist learns about
things in the world”
 Subject Knower = Object Known =
Reflexive Method
- “The humanist learns about the
self”
THINKSER WHOSE THOUGHTS WERE
THE BASIS OF REFLEXIVE METHOD:
 Socrates (469-399 BC)
- “Know thyself”
 Augustine of Hippos (354-430 AD)
- “Withdraw into yourself truth
dwells in the inner man.”
 Confucius (555-479 BC)
- “The Great Sage” Wise Man
The SCIENCES
THE HUMANITIES
 Wisdom
- The humanist becomes a WISE
MAN.
LECTURE 2: THE HUMANITIES IN
WESTERN THOUGHT
WHO AM I?
- “I am a human being”
PANOFSKY
- “Art as a Humanistic Discipline”
Humanities
 Latin “humanitas”
 English “humanity”
- Divinitas: State of perfection in
heaven.
- Humanitas: State of culture in
civilized society.
- Barbaritas: State of nature for
survival.
HUMANISM: “a conviction on the dignity of
man to be higher than that objects, nature
and animals, but lower that the dignity of
God.”
PLACES OF HUMANITIES IN THE
HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION:
ANCIENT (800 BC)
 Cosmocentric View
- Protagoras: “Man is the measure
of all things.”
MEDIEVAL (300 AD)
 Theocentric View
- Scholasticism: “Man is created in
the image of God”

 Knowledge
RENAISSANCE (1400)
 Anthropocentric View
- Humanism: “Nothing is more
wonderful than man.”
MODERN (1600)
 Scientific-Technocentric View
- Evolutionism: “Man is a part of
nature.”
POSTMODERN (1960)
 Eclectic View
- Postmodernism: “Man is a piece
of everything.”
HUMANISTIC DISCIPLINES:
 History – Human Events
 Language – Written and orals forms
of human communication
 Philosophy – Human Reason
 Art – Admiration (ART
APPRECIATION) of human made
objects. While, human creativity
(ART CREATION) by objects are
made.
ETYMOLOGY OF “ART”
- Latin “ars”
- Greek “techne”
WESTERN CONCEPT ART
 Academic – only schooled people
are artists
 Elitist – meant for the higher social
class
 Hierarchical – Liberal art and
servile art, high and low art, major
art and minor art or craft, fine art and
practical art etc.
WESTERN CLASSIFICATION OF THE
ARTS
 Major art – Made by artists and
concerned with the form of beauty.
 Minor Art – Made by artisans and
concerned with functionality of
human-made objects (artifacts).
THE SEVEN MAJOR ARTS IN WESTERN
CIVILIZATION
 Visual – Painting, Sculpture,
Architecture
 Performing - Music, Dance, Drama
 Linguistic – Literature
LECTURE 3: THE FILIPINO CONCEPTS
OF HUMANITIES AND ART
 Latin “humanitas”
 English “Humanities”
FILIPINO
 Tao: “human”
 Pagpakatao: “being human”
 Pagpapakatao: “process of
becoming human”
“HUMANITIES” – Pagpapakataong Filipino
- “the process of becoming human
as Filipino”
FILIPINO ANTHROPOLOGY by Prospero
Covar
Pagiging tao
- Biological: Born as a human
being act of being human
“personality”
Pagkatao
- Cultural: Becoming a human
being process of becoming
human “personhood”
FILIPINO PERSONHOOD
 Manunggul Burial Jar 890-710 BC,
Tabon Cave, Palawan
 THE JAR AND THE FILIPINO
PERSONHOOD
- Labas (mukha, dibdib, tiyan,
sikmura)
 - Loob (isip, damdamin, bituka,  Amorsolo, Planting Rice, Romantic
atay) Realism, Renaissance Art
- Lalim (kaluluwa, budhi) Impressionism
 Manansala, Marketscene,
The “Humanities” in Filipino Concept
Transparent Cubism
 “Pagpapakatao”  Lamaroza, Ecology Series, 1978,
- The process how a human being Surrealism
becomes a Filipino.  Joya, Karate, Action Painting,
Abstract Expressionism
In the study of Humanities, as
 Albor, Upward Duality, Color Field
Pagpapakatao, the students would
Painting
discover and realize through the arts
their own identity as a Filipino. INDIGENOUS ART OF THE PHILIPPINES
Filipe del Leon Jr. (2011) – “Defining the  Vinta, Badjao Art
Filipino through the Arts”  Tinalak, Tiboli Art
 Cultural Identity - “The worldview  Basey, Art of Colorful Mats,
and values, beliefs systems, Samar-Leyte
knowledge, skills and practices, core  Maranao Art
principles and ideas shared by a - Okir
society” - Brassware
- Burnay Jars of Ilocos
Filipino Identity in the Arts During - Pasiking, Native Backpack from
Different Periods in Philippine History Mountain Province
- Bulul, Igorot Art
 Pre-Colonial Period (before
- Taka, Paper Mache Art of Paete,
1500’s) - Had our own cultural
Laguna
identity.
- Pastillas Wrapper, Bulacan
 Colonial Period (1500-1950) - Our
identity destroyed by colonizers: MODULE 2: ART AND THE HUMANITIES:
Westernization of Filipino Culture THE HUMAN ESSENCE FOR
making us alienated from our own. APPRECIATING ART
 Post-Colonial Period (1950
LECTURE 1: ANALYZING ART THROUGH
onwards) - Reclamation, affirmation
THE HUMAN FACULTIES
and definition of our identify in our
own terms  Who am I? – I’m a human being.
PHILIPPINE ART BASED ON WESTERN  What is a human being? Human
STYLE Essence
ANALYSIS OF ART ACCORDING TO
 Juan Luna, Spoliarium, 1884,
THREE HUMAN FACULTIES
Winner of Gold Medal, National
Exposition, Madrid Spain  Level of the Sense
 Tolentino, Bonifacio Monument, 1. Perceptual Elements
1933 ; Alma Mater (Lualhati), 1952 Sense-Data: Lines, Color, Shapes,
 NEOCLASSICISM Influenced by the etc.
forms of ancient Greek, classical 2. Representations
sculpture Things, People, Objects, Events
  Level of the Will
3. Emotional Expression
Happy, Sad, Afraid, etc.
 Level of the Mind
4. Intellectual Meaning
Ideas, Concepts, Symbolism
PAINTINGS:
 Mondarian, Composition with
Red, Yellow and Blue, 1924
- Non-Figurative Art: contains
visual elements only,
representation
- Style: Neoplasticism, De Stijl,
Concretism
 Amorsolo, Winnowing Rice, 1957
- Figurative Art: contains
representations or images of
things.
 Munch, Scream, 1893
- Emotional Expression: FEAR
OR TERROR: Shown by the
facial expression of the woman,
and by the curving lines of red,
yellow, orange of the sky
 Leonardo, The Mona Lisa, 1501
- Style: Renaissance Art
- Model: Madonna Lisa de
Gherardini
 Duchamp Fountain, 1917
- Style: Ready-Made Art
 Malevich, White on White, 1917
- Style: Suprematism
 Picasso, The Weeping Woman,
1937
- Style: Cubism
- Model: Dira Maar
 Matisse, Portrait of Mrs. Matisse
- Style: Fauvism
 Van Gogh, Chair with a Pipe
- Style: Expressionism
 Burnt-Jones Pygmalion, 1878
 Magritte, The Treachery of Images
- Style: Surrealism
 Stynweck, The Vanities of Human
Life, 1645
- DARK Pessimism
- SKULL Death
- CLOCK Time
- LAMP End of Life
- SHELL Wealth
- MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Beauty
- HELMET Power
- JAR Celebration
- BOOK Knowledge
- LIGHT Optimism
no - Hope, God
LECTURE 2: THE PROCESS OF ART
APPRECIATION
 Nature: created by God out of
nothing through his omnipotence
- Mayor Volcano, Legazpi, Albay
 Art: made by the people through
their talents and skills
- Amorsolo, Planting Rice, 1949
ART APPRECIATION
- Person as spectator/viewer
- Work of Art as object
MODULE 3: ART NAD AESTHETICS THE
STUDY OF BEAUTY
LECTURE 1: THE FIELD OF AESTHETICS
ETYMOLOGY “Aesthetics”
 Greek “aesthesis”
 English “sensory perception”
Alexzander Baumgarten (1714-1762)
 “Aesthetics”
- “The science of sensory
perception”
- Theory about the ultimate reality
of things.
- “What makes something a work
of art?”
DIVISIONS OF AESTHETICS HORROR VACUI: Fear of Empty Space

 Theory of Beauty: Inquires about  Concept in Philippine Art:

the nature of beautiful things. Covering the whole surface with
- “is this art beautiful? why? many different colors and figures.
 Theory of Art: Deals with the - Francisco, Bayanihan, 1962
essence of works of art. - Baen Santos, Estetiko ng
- “is this art? why?” Murahan
 Theory of Art Criticism: Principles  Children’s drawing:
of judging the merit or demerit of - Painting by Sean Leenon
artworks. Acuzar: 2017 World Habitat Day
- “is this art great? why? Children’s Drawing Contest
 Botticelli, Birth of Venus, 1482  Painting by Alaissa Ambolodto:
- Model for Venus: Simonetta Winner of Children’s Design
Vespucci Competition Sponsored by World
Food Foundation, 2018
LECTURE 2: AESTHETIC TERMS
 COLORFUL PHILIPPINE
Value – Anything Desirable INDIGENOUS ART
 Vinta, Badjao Art
Categories:  Sarimanok Design, ABS-CBN Logo
- Logical: True and False  Tinalak, Tiboli Art
- Ethical: Good and Bad  Tiboli People Wearing Tinalak
- Aesthetic: Beautiful and Ugly Clothes
 PHILIPPINE FESTIVALS
SENSES SENSING FORMS OF - Pahiyas, Lucban, Quezon
ART
- Penagbenga, Baguio City
Eye SEEING: VISUAL ART:
- Sinulog, Cebu
Color, Painting,
Shape, Size, Sculpture, etc. - Masskara, Bacolod
etc. GREEK AND WESTERN SENSE OF
Ears HEARING: AUDITORY BEAUTY: The big is beautiful.
Sound ART: Music,
Drama - Statue of Zeus, 435 BC, 40ft.
Nose SMELLING: OLFACTORY high
Odor ART: Perfume - Colossus of Rhodes, 280 BC,
Making 108 ft. high
Tongue TASTING: CULINARY - Statue of Liberty, 1886, 305 ft.
Taste ART: Cooking high
Skin TOUCHING: TACTILE ART:
TALLEST BUILDING IN THE WORLD:
Texture, Sculpture,
Shape, etc. Lovemaking - Pyramid of Cheops, Egypt, 420
Imagination IMAGINING: IMAGINATIVE ft.
Images ART: - Empire State Building, New
Literature
York, 1250 ft.
- Sears Tower, Chicago, 1450 ft
- Petronas Tower, Kuala Lumpur,
1482 ft.
- Taipei 101, Taiwan, 1666 ft.
 - Buri Khalifa, Dubai, 2772 ft. 13. Rustic Glooms and awes
 Japanese Sense of Beauty – The 14. Pathetic Purely glooms
small is beautiful.
 BONSAI “Miniature Tree in a Pot”
 HAIKU – Japanese short poem COMIC AND DELIGHTS AND
composed of 3 lines with ENTERTAINS
17syllables.  Comic – The main characters live
 MINIMALISM – Style of art that uses happily ever after.
the least number of elements.  Tragic: Ends in the death of the
- Ex: Flag of Japan main characters.
 MINIMALISM IN ZEN PAINTING - Larry Alcala, Splice of Life
- Sesshu Toyo, Splashed Ink  Munch, Scream, 1893
Landscape, 1495 - Scary: Glooms and Fears
- Kanjuro Shibata, Enso (Circle),
 Sotein, Carcass of Beef, 1925
200
 Kalo, My Birth, 1932
 Venus if Willendorf, 30,000 BC
- Poignant: Glooms and Attracts
 Ingres, The Grande Odalisque,
 Gericault, Severed Heads, 1721
1814
- Rustic: Glooms and Awes
 STYLE: Surrealism
 Bernini, Ecstasy of St. Therese
- Dali, The Persistence of
(Detail), 1592
Memory, 1913
- Sublime: Purely Delights
- Magritte, Fine Realities, 1964
 Michaelangelo, The Last
LECTURE 3: HIERARCHY OF BEAUTY Judgment, 1541
- Pathetic: Purely Glooms
 14 DEGREES OF AESTHETIC
VALUES MODULE 4: LEC1: IMITATION THEORY
OF ART AND BEAUTY
1. Sublime Purely delights
2. Grand Delights and awes  Plato
- Imitationism: Idealist Theory of
3. Elegant Delights and
impresses Art and Beauty
4. Charming Delights and  Raphael, The School of Athens,
attracts 1511
5. Comic Delights and - Style: High Renaissance Art
entertains - Leonardo as Plato
6. Tragic Delights and - Michaelangelo as Aristotle
saddens  World of Art: Imitation
7. Terrible Delights and fears  World of Becoming: Appearance
8. Scary Gloom and fears  World of Being: Reality
9. Horrible Gloom and  Leonardo, Portrait of Ginebra
saddens d’Benci
10. Bizarre Gloom and - An imitation of a Physical
entertains Woman
11. Poignant Gloom and  Cezzane, Still Life with Apples
attracts - Imitation of Fruits
12. Perverse Glooms and
impresses
  ANCIENT CLASSICAL GREEK PERCEPTUAL INTERPRETATION OF
SCULPTURES – Imitation of the NATURE:
Idea of Beauty and Perfection of the
 Abstractive way of presenting the
Human Body.
subject.
- Polyclitus, Doryphoros, 450
- Dora Maar: Real Woman
BC
(Natural Appearance)
- Myron Discobolus, 340 BC
- Venus de Milo, 150 BC
 TROMPE L’OEIL: “Trick the Eye”
LECTURE 2: THEORY OF ART: THE Painting that looks so realistic that it
“WINDOW TO NATURE” fools the eye as if it sees the real
thing.
 REPRESENTATIONISM
- Painting of Grapes by Zeuxis
- Art is an image; an appearance;
- Painting of Curtain by
a copy; a reproduction of things,
Parhasius
people, nature, objects, or
- Magritte, The Human
events.
Condition, 1935
 FIGURATIVE ART contains
 CHINESE ART: “The drawing of
representation.
forms which answer to natural form.”
- William Shakespeare: “Art is
 Form of Nature = Form of Art
putting mirror up to nature.”
- Art reaches perfection and
- Leonardo Da Vinci: “Art is a
becomes divine.
window to nature.”
 CHIEH TZU YUAN
 Representation of People
- “When painting has reached
- Van Eyck, The Arnolfini
divinity (shen), there is an end of
Marriage
the matter.”
 Representation of Things or
 WU TAO TZU - “Sage in Chinese
Objects
Painting”
- Van Gogh, Bedroom at Aries,
- Story: He entered his own
1888
painting and lost there inside
 Representation of Event
forever. Art has become his own
- Francisco, Filipino Struggles
life.
on History, 1968
 Amorsolo, Sunset, 1950
WAYS OF REPRESENTING NATURE
LECTURE 3: ROMATIC REALISM IN
 Physical Alteration: Changing the PHILIPPINE ART
physical appearance of nature.
 Romantic Realism (In Philippine
 Selective Modification: Enhancing
Art) – Showing only aspect of
the appearance of the nature.
beauty idyllic and exotic rural
 Perceptual Interpretation: Copying sceneries.
nature according to the choice of the - “The beauty of the Philippines
artist. shining Through”
- Landscaping: Art of
 FABIAN DE LA ROSA (1869-1937)
environmental design.
- “MASTER OF GENRE” IN
- Cosmetology: Art of facial
PHILIPPINE ART
beautification.
- Born in Paco, Manila
 - Studied in Escuela de Bellas
Artes and Academia Julian, Paris
France Director, School of Fine
Arts UP Won Gold and Bronze
Award in St. Louis Exposition,
1904 Awarded Patnubay ng
Sining at Kalinangan, 1968
 De la Rosa, Women Working in
Rice Field, 1902
 De la Rosa, View of Santa Ana,
1938
 De la Rosa, Pasay Beach, 1927
 FERNANDO AMORSOLO (1892-
1972)
- Enrolled in Art School, Liceo de
Manila, Studied in UP School of
Fine Arts and Academia de San
Fernando, Spain Made more
than 10,000 paintings Won First
Prize, New York Fair, 1929
Dean, UP College of Fine Arts
First Philippine National Artist.
- Most popular painter in the
country:
- “Grand old man of Filipino
painters”
- “Master of tropical scenery”
- “First Filipino impressionist”
 Amorsolo, Sunset
 Amorsolo, Afternoon Meal of Rice
Workers, 1929 (Won first Prize,
New York Fair 1929)
 Amorsolo, Rice Planting