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iI. LEXICO - GRAMMAR (40 POINTS)

Part 1. For questions 26-45, choose one of the words marked A, B, C, or D which best completes each
of the following sentences. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 pts)
26. If you are _________ with your goods, contact us within ten days of receipt, and we shall
arrange collection and refund your money in full.
A. not completely satisfied B. not completely satisfying
C. not completely satisfactory D. not satisfied completely
27. “Can you come away with me for the weekend?”
“I can’t as I’m decorating the kitchen. _________ , my mother is ill.”
A. Even so B. All the same C. After all D. On top of that
28. Would you please leave us details of your address____________ forwarding any of your mail to come?
A. for the purpose of B. as a consequence of
C. for the sake of D. by means of
29. Nobel Prize winner author J.M. Coetzee has been called "the new Kafka", as he writes
about_______sense of individual dislocation_______Franz Kafka did.
A. not only - but also B. more – thanC. both - and D. the same - as
30. It is believed that_______students will pass the exam with flying colors.
A. each and every B. each one of the C. all of D. every
31. ____ films about writers are so dull is that writers don't dress up to practice their craft.
A. Everybody says B. It is often claimed
C. One of the reasons D. Because
32. The chemicals spilled over the road and left drivers ___________ for breath.
A. suffocating B. gasping C. inhaling D. prohibiting
33. Radium is no more a baby but the conditions of the discovery were somewhat peculiar, and so it is
always of interest ______ them and to explain them.
A. in remembering B. to have remembered them
C. to remember D. remember
34. U.S. aquacultural production comprises ______ food fish, ornamental fish, baitfish, mollusks,
crustaceans, aquatic plants, algae, and some reptiles.
A. the producing B. produce C. is producing D. the production of
35. The early railroads were_________the existing arteries of transportation: roads, turnpikes, canals, and
other waterways.
A. those short lines connected B. short lines that connected
C. connected by short lines D. short connecting lines
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36. The school drama club is _______ a play for the school’s anniversary, which is due to take place next
month.
A. turning up B. making off C. putting on D. bringing down
37. For busy people in today’s society, lifestyle management is gaining _________.
A. points B. ground C. speed D. terrain
38. She tried to _________ Tom’s importance to the company in order to gain a promotion for herself.
A. diminish B. shrink C. dwindle D. reduce
39. He may appear to be _________ but in fact he’s a compulsive liar.
A. authentic B. genuine C. natural D. real
40. The damp has________ his death; he’s got rheumatism.
A. affected B. influenced C. swayed D. impressed
41. Until your finances are in the _________, it’s not a good idea to take out a loan.
A. credit B. funds C. profit D. black
42. The shopping center was built surrounded by a vast ________ of concrete for parking.
A. scope B. field C. extent D. range
43. There was a ________ debate about the Middle East, then they moved to a vote.
A. lively B. flexible C. main D. nimble
44. Aware that his pension will be small, he _________ a part of his salary for his old age.
A. sets apart B. sets aside C. puts up D. puts apart
45. People who are overweight _________ a risk of a heart attack or stroke.
A. bear B. suffer C. make D. run

Part 2. For questions 46-55, complete each of the following sentences with suitable preposition(s) or
particle(s). Write your answer in the boxes provided. (10 pts)
46. You must take his educational background _____________ account when deciding what work to give
him.
47. Ben’s dreams of a university education went_____________ the board when his father died and he was
forced to earn a living.
48. I realized something was _________ of the ordinary when Ann didn’t show up for work today.
49. The rioting was brought _____________ by a huge increase in the price of bread.
50. He will carry his plan _________despite all your objections.
51. You have to take _________these curtains. They look very dirty.
52. Her father has made __________all his property to her as she is his only child.
53. Looking _________ on my life, I realize I’ve been very fortunate.
54. The prime minister should stand _________ and let a new leader head the party.
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55. Most patients find that the numbness from the injection wears _______ after about an hour.
Part 3. For questions 56-65, fill each gap with the correct form of the words in brackets. Write your
answer in the boxes provided. (10 pts)
56. The diplomat, as he ____________ is, was humble and polite in the face of unfair criticism.
(VARIABLE)
57. The earthquake was so destructive that local maps needed to be ____________. (DATE)
58. Despite the number of vehicles involved in the accident, police say there were no ____________.
(FATAL)
59. You've made a lot of wild accusations against Betsy, but is any of it ____________? (PROOF)
60. Barry is only four years old and will be ____________ by both his parents for the audition.
(COMPANY)
61. She is a talented singer and actress who stands a good chance of gaining ____________ and recognition.
(STAR)
62. My aunt is thinking of going on a diet because she is about seven kilos ____________. (WEIGH)
63. Several books that feature the images of widely ____________ photographers are listed in the
bibliography. (CLAIM)
64. More people are turning to organic food these days because they're worried about all the different
____________ in processed food. (ADD)
65. He likes to ____________his breakfast cereal with honey instead of sugar. (SWEET)
Your answers:
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

III. READING (60 POINTS)

Part 1. For questions 66-75, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each
gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (15 pts)
OWNING A PET

The joys and tribulations of being a pet owner! During our lifetime most of us have some experience of
either owning a pet or being in (66) _______ contact with someone who does. Is there such a thing as “the
ideal pet”? If so, what characterizes the ideal pet? Various (67) _______ influence one’s choice of pet, from
your reasons for getting a pet to your lifestyle. For example, although quite a few pets are relatively cheap to
buy, the cost of (68) _______ can be considerable. Everything must be (69) _______ into account, from
food and bedding, to vaccinations and veterinary bills. You must be prepared to (70) _______ time on your
pet, which involves shopping for it, cleaning and feeding it. Pets can be demanding and a big responsibility.
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Are you prepared to exercise and (71) _______ an animal or do you prefer a more independent pet? How
much spare room do you have? Is it right to lock an energetic animal into a (72) _______ space? Do you live
near a busy road which may threaten the life of your pet? Pets (73) _______ as turtles and goldfish can be
cheap and convenient, but if you prefer affectionate pets, a friendly cat or dog would be more (74) _______.
People get pets for a number of reasons, for company, security or to teach responsibility to children. Pets can
be affectionate and loyal and an excellent source of company as long as you know what pet (75) _______
you and your lifestyle.
66. A. near B. close C. narrow D. tight
67. A. facets B. elements C. factors D. points
68. A. upkeep B. maintenance C. upbringing D. raising
69. A. considering B. held C. taken D. kept
70. A. take B. waste C. occupy D. spend
71. A. household B. housetrain C. housekeep D. housework
72. A. confined B. detained C. reduced D. closed
73. A. so B. for C. much D. such
74. A. suited B. appropriate C. likely D. good
75. A. fits B. matches C. suits D. goes with

Part 2. For questions 76-85, fill each gap in the passage below with ONE appropriate word. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (15 pts)
The word “computer” is a misleading name (76) _______________the ubiquitous machine that sits
on our desks. If we go (77) _______________ to the Victorian period, or even the World War II era, the
word (78) _______________ an occupation, defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as "one who
computes; a calculator, reckoner; specifically a person employed to make calculations in an observatory, in
surveying, etc."
In (79) _______________, although modern computer can work with numbers, (80)
_______________ main use is for storing and manipulating information, (81) _______________ is, for
doing the kinds of jobs performed by a clerk--defined in the Oxford English Dictionary (82)
_______________ "one employed in a subordinate position in a public or (83) _______________ office,
shop, warehouse, etc., to make written entries, (84) _______________ accounts, make fair copies of
documents, do the mechanical work of correspondence and similar 'clerkly' work." The electronic computer
(85) _______________ be said to combine the roles of the human computer and the human clerk.

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Part 4. For questions 96-105, read the text and do the tasks followed. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided. (15 pts)
Section 1.
The pyramids are the most famous monuments of ancient Egypt and still hold enormous interest for people
in the present day. These grand, impressive tributes to the memory of the Egyptian kings have become
linked with the country even though other cultures, such as the Chinese and Mayan, also built pyramids. The
evolution of the pyramid form has been written and argued about for centuries. However, there is no
question that, as far as Egypt is concerned, it began with one monument to one king designed by one
brilliant architect: the Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara.
Section 2.
Djoser was the first king of the Third Dynasty of Egypt and the first to build in stone. Prior to Djoser’s
reign, tombs were rectangular monuments made of dried clay brick, which covered underground passages
where the deceased person was buried. For reasons which remain unclear, Djoser’s main official, whose
name was Imhotep, conceived of building a taller, more impressive tomb for his king by stacking stone slabs
on top of one another, progressively making them smaller, to form the shape now known as the Step
Pyramid. Djoser is thought to have reigned for 19 years, but some historians and scholars attribute a much
longer time for his rule, owing to the number and size of the monuments he built.
Section 3.
The Step Pyramid has been thoroughly examined and investigated over the last century, and it is now known
that the building process went through many different stages. Historian Marc Van de Mieroop comments on
this, writing ‘Much experimentation was involved, which is especially clear in the construction of the
pyramid in the center of the complex. It had several plans … before it became the first Step Pyramid in
history, piling six levels on top of one another … The weight of the enormous mass was a challenge for the
builders, who placed the stones at an inward incline in order to prevent the monument breaking up.’
Section 4.
When finally completed, the Step Pyramid rose 62 meters high and was the tallest structure of its time. The
complex in which it was built was the size of a city in ancient Egypt and included a temple, courtyards,
shrines, and living quarters for the priests. It covered a region of 16 hectares and was surrounded by a wall
10.5 meters high. The wall had 13 false doors cut into it with only one true entrance cut into the south-east
corner; the entire wall was then ringed by a trench 750 meters long and 40 meters wide. The false doors and
the trench were incorporated into the complex to discourage unwanted visitors. If someone wished to enter,
he or she would have needed to know in advance how to find the location of the true opening in the wall.
Djoser was so proud of his accomplishment that he broke the tradition of having only his own name on the
monument and had Imhotep’s name carved on it as well.
Section 5.
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The burial chamber of the tomb, where the king’s body was laid to rest, was dug beneath the base of the
pyramid, surrounded by a vast maze of long tunnels that had rooms off them to discourage robbers. One of
the most mysterious discoveries found inside the pyramid was a large number of stone vessels. Over 40,000
of these vessels, of various forms and shapes, were discovered in storerooms off the pyramid’s underground
passages. They are inscribed with the names of rulers from the First and Second Dynasties of Egypt and
made from different kinds of stone. There is no agreement among scholars and archaeologists on why the
vessels were placed in the tomb of Djoser or what they were supposed to represent. The archaeologist Jean-
Philippe Lauer, who excavated most of the pyramid and complex, believes they were originally stored and
then give a ‘proper burial’ by Djoser in his pyramid to honor his predecessors. There are other historians,
however, who claim the vessels were dumped into the shafts as yet another attempt to prevent grave robbers
from getting to the king’s burial chamber.
Section 6.
Unfortunately, all of the precautions and intricate design of the underground network did not prevent ancient
robbers from finding a way in. Djoser’s grave goods, and even his body, were stolen at some point in the
past and all archaeologists found were a small number of his valuables overlooked by the thieves. There was
enough left throughout the pyramid and its complex, however, to astonish and amaze the archaeologists who
excavated it.
Section 7.
Egyptologist Miroslav Verner writes, ‘Few monuments hold a place in human history as significant as that
of the Step Pyramid in Saqqara … It can be said without exaggeration that this pyramid complex constitutes
a milestone in the evolution of monumental stone architecture in Egypt and in the world as a whole.’ The
Step Pyramid was a revolutionary advance in architecture and became the archetype which all the other
great pyramid builders of Egypt would follow.
The passage has seven sections. Choose the most suitable heading for each section from the list of
headings (i-ix) below. The first one has been done for you as an example. Write your answers in the
space provided. There are more headings than sections, so you will not use all of them.
Example: Section 1 – iv
96. Section 2 _______________
97. Section 3 _______________
98. Section 4 _______________
99. Section 5 _______________
100. Section 6 _______________
101. Section 7 _______________

List of Headings
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 i The areas and artefacts within the pyramid itself
ii A difficult task for those involved
iii A king who saved his people
iv A single certainty among other less definite facts
v An overview of the external buildings and areas
vi A pyramid design that others copied
vii An idea for changing the design of burial structures
viii An incredible experience despite the few remains
ix The answers to some unexpected questions

Complete the notes below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

The Step Pyramid of Djoser

The complex that includes the Step Pyramid and its surroundings is considered to be as big as an Egyptian
(102) _________________ of the past. The area outside the pyramid included accommodation that was
occupied by (103) _________________, along with many other buildings and features.
A wall ran around the outside of the complex and a number of false entrances were built into this. In
addition, a long (104) _________________ encircled the wall. As a result, any visitors who had not been
invited were cleverly prevented from entering the pyramid grounds unless they knew the (105)
_________________ of the real entrance.

Your answer
96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
101. 102. 103. 104. 105.

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