MODELING AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN FOR BONE GRAFT FUSION

By: SIDDHARTH KASHYAP MT10CDM002

PROJECT GUIDE: Dr P.M PADOLE

1. INTRODUCTION

2. LITERATURE SURVEY
3. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT WORK 4. METHODOLOGY

5. REFERENCES

Biomechanical Engineering in medical field

Surgery and operations of skull, knee, bones, hip joint and vertebral column. Engineering and computational mechanics have been useful in understanding function of bones joints and muscles.
Designing artificial organs and implants.

Human Vertebral Column:

Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IVD). Most of the cases it is natural process and age related. Back pain an indication.
Most common site is lower back region during spine injuries. Degeneration reduces the shock absorbing and load bearing capacity.

Arthrodesis (Fusion Method):

Spacer X-RAY SHOWING FUSED VERTEBRA Pedicle Instrumentation

2D REPRESENTATION

Arthroplasty (artificial disc insertion):

BEFORE INSERTION
ARTIFICIAL DISC

AFTER INSERTION

1. Acute, sub acute and chronic low back pain: clinical symptoms, absenteeism and working environment. (Vallfors, B.;Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 11, 1-98,1985.) In this paper the author mentions about disc degeneration as most frequently observed skeletal disease responsible for lower back pain.

2. Biomechanical comparison between fusion of two vertebrae and implantation of an articial intervertebral disc. (Guilhem Denoziere, David N. Ku, 2004; Journal of Biomechanics vol 39 (2006), 766775.) The objective of this study was to compare, under severe loading conditions, the biomechanics of the lumbar spine treated either by fusion or total disc replacement (TDR).

3. Use of bone as an interbody fusion device. (Rasmussen, P.A Trost , G.R and Tribus, C; Technical Neurosurgery 7, (2), 110-18, 2001.)

It specifies major limitations of the process of arthrodesis i.e. the fusion technique. 4. Finite element modeling of the cervical spine: role of intervertebral disc under axial and eccentric loads (Srirangam Kumaresan, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar, Dennis J. Maiman; Medical Engineering & Physics vol 21 (1999) 689700)

A three-dimensional, nonlinear nite element model of the human cervical spine was developed using computed tomography images and was validated with experimental results related to force-displacement and strain response of model 5. Integration of medical imaging Technique and finite element method for lumbar spine fusion process. (Ashish B. Deoghare; 2010, Ph.D. Thesis) The thesis studies the bone Graft fusion process in a case of IVD. 3D model generated has been studied with a particular design of cages and spacer.

From the literature survey done it was identified that there is scope in analyzing Bone Graft method in more detail with respect to finite element analysis. Prime objectives of the project are: To analyze the effects of different shapes and sizes of cage implants like round, oblong, oval etc. Effects of changes in the spacer and pedicle instrumentation profile for different biocompatible materials.

 Study in detail the biomechanics of spine from the Ph.D. thesis and other literature. Identify different loadings on vertebra which will be taken into account. Obtain CT-Scan of a specific patient which will be converted to 3D model. Use ANSYS software for finite element analysis (FEA) of the generated 3D model.

1. Guilhem Denoziere, David N. Ku, 2004: Biomechanical comparison between fusion of two vertebrae and implantation of an articial intervertebral disc; Journal of Biomechanics vol 39 (2006) 766775. 2. Qi-Bin Bao, Geoffrey M. McCullen, Paul A. Higham, John H. Dumbleton and Hansen A Yuan, 1995; The artificial disc: theory, design and Materials; Biomaterials vol 17 (1996) 1157-1167. 3. Fabio Galbusera, Chiara M. Bellini, Manuela T. Raimondi, Maurizio Fornari, Roberto Assietti; 2008; Cervical spine biomechanics following implantation of disc prosthesis; Medical Engineering & Physics vol 30 (2008) 11271133.

4. Aaron J. Fields, Gideon L. Lee, Tony M. Keaveny; 2010; Mechanisms of initial endplate failure in the human vertebral body; Journal of Biomechanics vol 43 (2010) 31263131. 5. Srirangam Kumaresan, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar, Dennis J. Maiman; 1999; Finite element modelling of the cervical spine: role of intervertebral disc under axial and eccentric loads; Medical Engineering & Physics vol 21 (1999) 689700.

6.

D. S. McNally and R.G.C. Arridge; 1994; An analytical model of intervertebral disc mechanics; Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 28, No.1, pp. 53-68, 1995.

7. Ashish B. Deoghare; 2010; Integration of medical imaging Technique and finite element method for lumbar spine fusion process; Ph.D. Thesis