General Equation For Tberkody

GENERAL EQUATION FOR TBERKODY'NAMIC CURVES·: b.
Heat Rejected
The general equation of any process Is:
PV^n=C
n = O ; Isobaric Process
n = 1 ; lsolhermal Process c. Net work or work done
n = k : isentropic Process
n = -∞ to + ∞; Polytropic
d. Cycle efficiency
n = Isometric Process
Note: PV^k Is steeper than PV curve:
THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES
1. CARNOT CTCLE
Sadl Carnot (1796 -1832.), a French engineer; was, he first to developed Note: Carnot cycle efficiency can be increased by increasing T1 and
the theory or heat engines In 1624. Carnot cycle is the most efficient lowering T2
hypothetical cycle which Is composed of four reversible processes
2. RANKINE CYCLE (Ideal Vapor Cycle)
..- Two isothermal processes
..- Two adiabatic processes which can be executed either In closed or a Rankine Cycle is the Ideal cycle for steam power plants.
steady flow system.
TS-DIAGRAM PV-DIAGRAM
Process 1 - 2: lsothermal Expansion of saturated liquid lo saturated vapor
Process 2 - 3: isentropic Expansion of vapor
Process 3 - 4: lsothermal Compression or vapor
Process 4 - 1: lsentropic Compression
Analysis of Carnot Cycle z
a. Heat Added (OA)

PROCESSES OF RANKINE CJ"CLE:
1 - 2 ; isentropic expansion in the turbine
2 - 3 : Constant pressure rejection of heat in the condenser·
3 - 4 : Adiabatic pumping
4 - 1 : Constant pressure addition of heat in the boiler

Thermal Efficiency
ANALYSIS OF RANKINE CYCLE
1. Heat added in the boiler, Qa
2. OTTO CYCLE (Gasoline cycle)

Otto Cycle is a constant volume combustion cycle introduce by
2. Heat Rejected Nicholas A Otto (1832 - 1891)
3. Turbine Work
Process 1 – 2: Isentropic Compression

Process 2 – 3: Isometric Heat Addition
Process 3 – 4: Isentropic Expansion
Process 4 – 1 Isometric Heat Rejection
Analysis of Otto Cycle
a. Heat added
4. Pump work
b. Heat Rejected
By energy balance
c. Net Work or Work Done

d. Cycle Efficiency
d. Cycle Efficiency
e. .
e. Compression Ratio
f. Expansion ratio
f. Mean Effective Pressure
BRAYTON CYCLE (Gas Turbine)

3. DIESEL CYCLE (Diesel Engine) Gas Turbine is a heat engine that converts energy of fuel into work by using
compressed hot gas as the working medium and that usually delivers its
mechanical output through a rotating shaft. It is also known as combustion
turbine.
Process 1 – 2: Isentropic Compression

Process 2 – 3: Isobaric Heat Addition PV & TS DIAGRAM OF THE BRAYTON CYCLE
Process 4 – 1 Isometric Heat Rejection
Analysis of Diesel Cycle
a. Heat Added
b. Heat Rejected
c. Net Work Done

ANALYSIS OF THE GAS TURBINE CYCLE 7. Cycle Efficiency
1. PV and T relations in Isentropic Compression Process 1-2
REVERSED CARNOT CYCLE (REFRIGERATION CYCLE)

Reversed Carnot cycle is analogous to Carnot cycle operation only that tis
cycle operates in counter clockwise direction or in reversed order thus,
called REVERSED CARNOT CYCLE.
Pv- Diagram TS- diagram
2. Compressor Work
3. Heat Added in the Combustor
4. PV and T relations in Isentropic turbine Process 1 – 2: Isentropic Compression

Process 2 – 3: Isothermal Heat Addition
Process 4 – 1 Isothermal Heat Rejection
Analysis of reversed Carnot cycle
5. Turbine work
6. Net Turbine Work

TEST 10
1. EE Board April 2003 Chapter 10-Thermodynamics TEST IO In an experiment to determine
the specific heat of copper, a piece of copper weighing 50 g is first heated to 100 °C in steam.
It is then immersed into water at 27°C. The water in the calorimeter weighs 100 g and he
inner aluminum cap weighs 50 g. If the final temperature is 30°C, what is the specific of
copper, specific heat of aluminum is 0.22 Calg-deg°C.
A. 0.88 Calig-deg-C
B. 0.077 Calg-deg-C
C. 0.66 Cal/g-deg-C
D. 0.095 Calg-deg-C
2. EE Board April 2003
At STP the density of chlorine is 3.22 kg/m3. What is the weight of this gas is contained in a
flask of 100 cubic centimeters at 24°C and 100kPa?
A. "0.563 g
B. 0.420 g
C. 0.292 g
D. 0.321 g
3. Problem; How much work is necessary to compress air in an insulated cylinder from 0.20
m3 to 0.01 m3? Use T, = 20°C and P, 100 kPa
A. 113.4 kJ
B. 110.1 kJ
C. 121.4 kJ
D. 115.7 kJ
4. Problem; A heat engine is operated between temperature limits of 1370°C and 260°C.
Engine is supplied with 14,142 kJ/kwh. Find the Camot cycle efficiency in percent.
A. 70.10
B. 67.56
C.65.05
D. 69.32
C. 518
5. Problem; A closed vessel contains air at a pressure of 160 kN/m2 gauge and temperature D. 528
of 30°C. The air is heated at constant volume to 60°C with the atmospheric pressure of 759
mm Hg. What is the final gauge pressure? 10. Ammonia weighing 22 kg is confined inside a cylinder equipped with a piston has an
initial pressure of 413 kPa at 38°C. If 2900 kJ of heat is added to the ammonia until its
A 174 pressure and temperature are 413 kPa and 100°C, respectively. What is the amount of work
done by the fluid in kJ ? (Note: Molecular Weight of NH, 17)
B. 167
A. 667
C. 186
B. 420
D. 172
C. 304
6. Problem What is the temperature in °C of 2 liters of water at 30°C after 500 calories of
heat have been added? D. 502
A. 35.7 11. Problem The maximum thermal efficiency possible for a power cycle operating between
1200°F and 225°F is:
B. 38
A. 8. 58%
C. 30.25
B. 57.54%
D. 39.75
C. 58.73 %
7. Problem A volume of 450 cm3 of air is measured at a pressure of 740 mm Hg absolute
and a temperature of 20°C. What is the volume in cm3 at 760- mm Hg absolute and 0°C? D. 57.40%
A. 516.12 12. Problem Compute the gas constant of a mixture of 10 kg of oxygen and 20 kg of
nitrogen per kg of the mixture? A 0.3467 kJ/kg.K B. 0.4572 kJ/kg.K 0.2845 kJ/kg.K 0.2578
B. 620.76 kJ/kg.K Problem tire contains 100 in of air of 80°F, and a pressure of 1 atmosphere.It
connected to a pump of capacity 102. If the pump pressure becomes 54 psia after one
C. 408.25
stroke, at what pressure (psia) must the tire valve considering that the pump and tire
D. 375.85 temperature remains constant?
8. Problem Assuming compression is according to the law PV constant. Calcula the initial A. 29:4 psia
volume of gas at a pressure of 2 bar which will accin volume of 6 m3 when it is compressed
B. 30.7 psia
to a pressure of 42 bar.
C. 24.5 psia
A. 126 m3
B. 130 m3
C. 120 m3
D. 136 m3
9. Problem A steam condenser receives 10 kg per second of steae enthalpy of 2,570 kJ/kg.
Steam condenses into liquid andreves an enthalpy of 160 kJ/kg. Cooling water passes
through the with temperature increases from 13°C to 24°C. Calculate water flow rate in
kg/s. A. 533
B. 523
14. Problem A.- 330 kJ/kg
B. - 6337 kJ/kg
A 30 kg iron was put in a container with water. The water is at 10°C and the iron has an C. - 509 kJ/kg 0
initial temperature of 493 K, until the iron was in thermal equilibrium with the water. Find D. - 432 kJ/kg
the change in entropy.
19. EE Board March 1998
A.12.56 kJ/K
B. -43.58 kJ/K When 0.5 g of a liquid is completely evaporated and collected in a liter manometer, the
C.-25.78 kJ/K pressure is 0.25 atm and the temperature is 27°C. Assume ideal gas behavior, find the
D. -6.6 kJ/K molecular weight if the gas constant is R= 0.0821 atm/mole.K.
A.49.2 g/mole
Twenty grams of oxygen gas (O2) are compressed at constant temperature of 30°C to 5% its B.12.3 g/mole.
original volume. Find the work done on the system? C 2.2 g/mole
D.64.0 g/mole
A. 944 Cal
B.1124 Cal
C.924 Cal 20. For an ideal gas, what is the specific molar entropy change during an isothermal process
D. 1144 Cal in which the pressure changes from 200 kPa to 150 kPa?
A. 2.39 J/mole.K
A device produce 37.5 joules per cycle. There is one power stroke per cycle. Calculate the B. 2.79 J/mole.K
power output if the device is run at 45 rpm? C. 2.00 J/mole.K
D. 3.12
A. 4.69 W
21. EE Board October 1997
B. 28.125
C. 27.56 A gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a weighted piston as the top boundary. The gas is
heated and expands from a volume of 0.04 m3 to 0.10 m3 at a constant pressure of 200
D. 14.063 kPa. Find the work done on the system.
A.6 kJ
Five moles of water vapor at 100°C and 1 atmosphere pressure compressed isobarically to B.10 kJ
form liquid at 100°C. The process reversible and the ideal gas laws apply. Compute the C.14 MJ
work, in joules done on the system.Note: R= 0.0821 L-atm/mol. R, = 0.001044 m/ MH20 D. 15 kJ
18.016 kg/mol. 22. Problem
A. 10:5 MJ In the process where the product of pressure and volume is constant, a gas compression is
b. 15 KJ carried out from an initial pressure of 200 kPa to a final pressure of 800 kPa. Considering
C. 6Mj that the initial specific volume is $0.10 m3/kg, determine the work done per kilogram of
D. 6KJ gas.
A-27.7 kJ/kg
A piston and cylinder arrangement contains saturated water vapo 110°C. The vapor is B-32.4 kJ/kg
compressed in a reversible, adiabatic process the pressure is 1.6 Mpa. What is the work C. -40.7 kJ/kg
done by the system kilogram of water? (Note: at 110 °C, s, 7.2387 kJ/kg.K, U1 = 2518.1 at D. -43.56 kJ/kg
1.6 Mpa, s 7.2374 kJ/kg.K, U2 = 2950.1 kJ/kg)
A. -0.787 Bulb R
8.-0.867 Btu/lb R
23. Problem C. -0.689 Btu/lb."R
A steady state device has the following conditions of the working substance at the D. 1.76 Btu/lb R
entrance: pressure equals 100 psia and density is 62.4 lbm/. I 10 000 ft/min of this fluid
enters the system, determine the exit velocity if the exit area is 2 ft2 29. Problem
A. 5000 min A Carnot engine operates between 800 R and 1000 R. What is its thermal efficiency?
B. 4500 ft/min
C. 3000 fumin 10.32
D. 4000 ft/min A.
20%
24. Problem B.
The steam flow of an steam turbine is 50,000 lb/hr with steam specific volume of 0.831 30%
ft/lbm. The inlet and the outlet diameters are 6 in." and 8 in. respectively. If the specific C. 40%
volume of the steam at the outlet is 1.825 ft/lb, determine the exit velocity. D. 50%
A. 72.6 fus
B. 87.6 ft/s 30. Problem
C. 65.9 fus What is the efficiency of an Otto cycle with a compression ratio of 6:1. The gas is air.
D. 88.7 fus A. 0.512
B. 0.867
25. Problem C. 0.456 D. 0.765
The steam flow of an steam turbine is 10 kg/hr with steam specific volume of 0.05 m3/kg.
The inlet and the outlet diameters are 100mm and 200 mm respectively. If the specific 31. Problem
volume of the steam at the outlet is 0.10 m3/kg, determine the exit velocity. Ethyl alcohol vaporizes at 78°C, what is the change in entropy if 0.25 kg vaporizes at its
A. 8.84 m/s boiling point considering that the latent heat of vaporization (Lv) is 1.0 x 105 J/kg.
B. A. 85 J/K
9.87 m/s B. 45 J/K
C. 4.54 m/s .C. 71 J/K
D. 7.54 m/s D. 95 J/K
26. Problem 32. Problem

Compute the pressure ratio (P/Ps) of nitrogen that is expander isentropically from 620°F to An ideal gas (at STP, standard temperature and pressure) occupies a volume of 22.4 liters.
60°F. While absorbing heat from the surroundings, the gas isobarically expands to 32.4 liters.
A 14.5 What is the change in the internal energy of the gas?
B. 12.9 A. 1.52 kJ
C. 11.5 D. 15.4 B. 2.53 kJ
C. 4.45 kj
27. Problem D. 0.75 kJ
Nitrogen is isentropically expanded from 620°F to 60°F with volume ratio (V2/V1) equal to
6.22. If the value of the gas constant (R) is 0.028 Btu/lb-R, compute the work done by the 33. Problem
gas. A small gasoline-powered engine leaf blower removes heat energy from a high
A.67.87 Btu/lbm temperature reservoir and exhaust 700 J to a low-temperature reservoir. What is its
B. 87.57 Btu/bm engine's thermal efficiency?
C. 99.22 Btu/lbm A. 51.5%
D. 54.67 Btub B.16.8%
C. 12.5%
28. Problem D. 24.5%
Helium is compressed isothermally from 14.7 psi and 68°F. The compression ratio is 4.
Determine the change in entropy of the gas if the gas constant is 0.4961 Btu/lb "R
34. Problem
The thermal efficiency of a Camot engine is 40% when it is supplied with heat from a 39. EE Board April 1996
reservoir at 727°C. Find the temperature of the A 20 liter sample of gas exerts a pressure of 1 tam at 25°C. It is allowed to expand into a 40
reservoir. liter vessel that is held constant at 100°C, compute the final pressure?
A 327°C
B. 457°C A. 0.54 atm
C. 300°C B. 0.47 atm
D. 567°C C. 0.63 atm
D. 0.67 atm
35. Problem
The volumetric flow rate of standard air is 120 m/s at drybulb temperature of 18°C. 40. Problem
Compute the standard air volume considering the standard air pressure is 101.325 kPa and What is horsepower is required to isothermally compressed 800 ft of air per minute from
standard air temperatures 21.11°C. 14.7 psia to 120 psia?
A.121.3 m3/s A. 200 Hp
B. 200.4 m/s B. 190 Hp,
C. 304.5 m3/s C. -203 Hp
D. 405.7 m3/s D. 108 H

A gaseous moisture has a dew point temperature of 15°C. Thes pressure is 143.27 kPa. building has to be maintained at 18°C at all times. A heat pump is required for this when
Determine the amount of water vapor in a 100 moles of the mixture if the saturation the temperature outside the building drops to - 6°C, the building losses heat at the rate of
pressure at 1.7051 kPa. 120,000 kJ/kg. What is the least power required to drive the heat pump.
A. 2.75 kW
A. 3.20 moles B.3.89 KW
B 1.19 moles C. 5.42 KW
C. 3.10 moles D. 4.45 KW
D. 2.10 moles

Chapter 10-Thermodynamics
A sealed tank contains oxygen at 27°C at a pressure of 2 atm. If the temperature increases
to 100°C, what will be pressure inside the tank?
A. 5.22 alm
B.2.49 atm
C.3.29 atm
D. 4.57 atm

The pressure of the nitrogen has thermometer is 78 cm at 0°C. What is the temperature of a
liquid in which the bulb of the thermometer is immersed when the pressure is seen to be
87.7 cm?
A. 34°c
B. 45°C
D. 40°C
C. 50°C
A piston-cylinder system contains a gas which expands under a constant pressure of 1200
lbfm2. If the piston is displaced 12 in. during the process, and the piston diameter is 24 in.,
42. Problem A heat engine is operated between temperature limits of 1370°C and 260°C. what is the work done in ft-lb by the gas or the piston?
Engine supplied with 14,142 kJ per kwh. What is the carot- efficiency? A 6857
A 75.45% B. 1234
B. 87.32% C. 3768
C. 67.55% 0. 7894
D. 54,45%
49. Problem
43. Problem Two pounds of air initially at 60 psia and 600°F expands isentropically until the An ideal gas is 45 psig and 80°F is heated in a closed container to 130°F. What is the final
temperature is 200°F. Compute the work done by the gas. – pressure? A 54 psia
A. 127 Blu B. 75 psia
B. 145 Blu C. 65 psla
C. 345 Blu D43 psia
D. 137 Btu
50. Problem
44. EE Board April 2003 A camot machine operates between a hot reservoir at 200°C and a large mining company was provided with a 3000 cm3 of compressed tank. Air pressure in
cold reservoir at 20°C. When operated as an engine, it receives 1000 kJ/kg find the the tank drops from 700 kPa to 180 kPa while temperature remains unchanged at 28°C.
coefficient of Performance (COP), when operated refrigerator. What percentage has the ss of air in the tank been reduced?
A. 1.77 A.74
B. 1.63 B. 76
C. 1.81 D. 1.99 C. 72
D. 78
45. EE Board April 2003 A 2 lb of 200°F iron (C, 0.10 Btu/lb-F) are dropped into a gallon 40°F
water. What is the final temperature of the mixture?
A. 43.74°F
B. 33.77°F
C. 34.47°F
D. 53.77°F
46. EE Board April 2001 Helium (R = 0.4968 BTU/b-R) is compressed Isothermally mor psia
and 68 °F. The compression ratio is 4. Calculate the work done the gas in BTU/bm?
A. -564
B. -576
C. -355
D. -364
47. EE Board April 2003 A 0.064 kg of octano vapor (MW 114) is mixed with 0.91 kg of air
(MW 29.0) in the manifold of an engine. The total pressure in the manifold, is 86.1 kPa, and
a temperature is 290 K. Assume octane behaves ideally. What is the partial pressure of the
air in the mixture in kPa?
A 45.8
8. 48.6
C. 84.6
D. 64.8
56. Problem
51. Problem A 2.53 kJ of heat is absorbed by an ideal gas that occupies a volume of 22.4 liters at STP. If
Determine the amount of air in a room whose dimensions are 4 m x 5m x 6m at 100 kPa the gas expands isobarically to 32.4 liters. Compute the change in the internal energy of the
and 25°C. gas?
A.190.7 kg A. 1.52 kJ
B.140.3 kg B. 2.34 kJ
C.240.5 kg C. 4.53 kJ
D. 345.7 kg D. 5.47 kJ

A frictionless piston-cylinder device contains 10 lbm of water vapor at 60 psiaand 320°F. An ethyl alcohol vaporizes at its boiling point of 78°C with a latent heat of vaporization 100
The temperature reaches 400°F when heat is added to the system. Determine the work kJ/kg. Determine the change in entropy.
done by the steam considering the mass in constant and the specific volumes of water are A 47 kJ/K
7.485 b and 8.353 ft/lb (@320°F and 60 psia) respectively. B.. 71 kJ/K
A.96.4 Btu C. 87 kJ/K
B.80.7 Blu D. 80 kJ/K
C.94.5 Btu
D.100.7 Blu 58. Problem
53. Problem An air conditioner extracts 100 J of heat from the interior of the house for every 40 J of
A piston cylinder device initially contains 0.4 m3 of air at 100 kPa and 80°C. Determine the electric energy required to operate it. Determine the coefficient of performance.
work done if the air is compressed isothermally up to 0.1 m3. A. 2.5
A.55.45 kJ B. 3.5
B. 90.7 kJ C. 4.5
C.-130.4 kJ D. 1.5
D. -75.7 kJ
59. Problem
54. Problem An engineer is to design cyclic heat engine that operates between 150°C and 27°C. If the
A rigid tank contains hot fluid that is cooled while being stirred by a paddle wheel. The engine is design to do work of 100 J per 500 J of input work per cyr mpute the relative
internal energy of fluid is 800 kJ and loses 500 kJ of heat during cooling process with the efficiency of the engine.
paddle work of 100 kJ applied on the fluid. Neglecting the energy stored in the paddle A 29.1%
wheel, determine the final internal energy of the fluid. B.68.7%
A430 kJ C. 72.7%
B.340 kJ D. 34.4%
C.400 kJ
D. 500 kJ
55. Problem
An insulated rigid tank contains helium of 1.5 lb at 80°F and 50 psi.y paddle wheel with a
power rating of 0.20 hp is operated within the tar for 30 min. Determine the final
temperature of the specific heat constant volume is 0.753 Btu/ibm.°F. (Note: I hp 2545
Bru/hr)
A.102.5°F
B.200.5°F
C.170.7°F
D.140,3°F
65. Problem
60. Problem How much heat was removed from a cubic meter of helium at STP
A cylinder is fitted with a piston that contains 0.10 mol of air at a temperature of 20°C. Find when cooled at constr
the work done if the piston is slowly pushed so that the air within the cylinder remains MW4 kg/kmol an
essentially in thermal equilibrium with the surroundings until the volume reaches to its A. -63.20 kJ
initial volume. B.-78.88 kJ
A. 243 Joules C.-45.98 kJ
B. 169 Joules D. -67.87 kJ
C. 435 Joules
D. 134 Joules 66. Problem
An ideal gas is 45 psig and 80°F is heated in a closed container to 130°F. What is the final
61. Problem pressure?
How much is heat needed to double the pressure of one-half mole of helium gas confined A. 84 psla
in a rigid container if initially the gas is at standard pressure and temperature? Note: B.75 psia
Hellum c, 3.10 kJ/kg.K, M=4kg/mol C. 65 psia
A.1693 kJ D. 53 psia
B.1788 kJ
C.1985 kJ
D. 3457 kJ 67. Problem
How much work is necessary to compress air in an insulated cylinder- from 0.20 m3 to 0.01
62. Problem m3 with initial temperature of 20°C and pressure of 100 kPa.
When 0.05 m3 of air at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) is isothermally A. 243.4 kJ
compressed to 0.010 m3, compute the amount of heat flow from the gas? B. 150.1 kJ
A.8.154 kJ C. 131.4 kJ
B. -7.564 kJ D. 115.7 kJ
C.6.578 kJ
D. -5.786 kJ 68. Problem
What is the specific heat of the sample of wood when ten Kcal of heat is added to it
63. Problem temperature was found to rise from 20°C to 44 °C?
An ideal gas is compressed adiabatically to one-fourth its original volume. During the A. 0.42 kcal/kg°C
process 70 Joules of work is done on the gas by the compressing agent: How much is the B.0.76 kcal/kg C
change in internal energy? C. 0.56 kcal/kg°C
A. 70 J D: 0.67 kcal/kg C
B.17.5 J
C.280 J 59. Problem
D. 35 J Three lb of water at 100°F is added to 5 lb of water at 40 °F. What is the final temperature
of the mixture?
64. Problem A. 62.5°F
Find the change in internal energy of a system that absorbs 500 kJ of heat and at the same B. 67.5°F
time does 400 kJ of work. C. 60.7°F
A.900 kJ D. 64,3°F
B.450 kJ
C. 100 kJ
D. no work is done on the system
A tire is inflated to a gage pressure of 2 atm. The tire's temperature increases from 20°C to
45 °C the moment the car moves with the simultaneous increase in the tire's volume by 5%.
Compute the gauge pressure of the tire at the higher temperature?
70. Problem A. 2.7 atm
How much heat is required to raise 5 kg of water from 25°C to 55°C7 B.3.1 atm
A.670 kJ C. 2.1 atm
B.630 kJ D. 4.3 atm
C. 640 kJ
D. 856 KJ 76. Problem
A rigid cylinder contains 3 ft of air at a gage pressure of 200 psi. What volume would this
71. Problem amount of air occupy at sea-level pressure?
How many calories of heat are required by 100 gms of ice at -5C to change to steam at 120 A. 83.42 m2
°C? B. 43.82 m2
A. 73,210 Cal C. 54.76 m2
B. 76,303 Cal D. 74.67 m3
C. 86,407 Cal
D. 88,567 Cal 77. Problem
The density of air at 0°C and 1 atm pressure is 1.293 kg/m3. What is its density at a
72. Problem pressure of 2 atm and 100°C?
The condition called standard temperature and pressure (STP) for a gas is defined to be a A. 2.317 kg/m3
temperature of 0°C (273 K) and a pressure of 1: atm (101.325 Kpa). How big is the container B.1.893 kg/m3
needed to keep a mole of an ideal gas as STP? C. 1.786 kg/m3
A. 34.5 liters D. 1.546 kg/m3
B. 45.7 liters
C. 22.4 liters 78. Problem
D. 27.5 liters An engineer designed an engine that has an efficiency of 25% and will absorb heat at a
temperature of 267°C. Compute the temperature at the exhaust considering that this is an
73. Problem ideal engine.
A mixture of air and gasoline is compressed in the cylinder of an, automobile engine before A. 132°C
being ignited. Most of the automobile engines have a compression ratio of 9 to 1, this B. 145°C
means that the gas in cylinder is compressed 1/9 of its original volume. Find the final C. 157°C
temperature of the atmospheric air at 27°C if after compression the pressure was fount to 2. 174°C
be 21.7 atm?
A. 450°C
B. 540°C
C. 700°C
D. 470°C
74. Problem
A nitrogen tank has a pressure of 1.75 x 10 Pa at 20°C. Find volume of the tank if it occupies
a 30 m2 at 1 Atm and 20°C.
B. 0.167 m3
0.173 m3
C. 0.345 m3
D. 0.567 m
75. Problem
D. 41 atm
84. Problem
To what temperature must a gas initially at 0°C and atmospheric pressure be heated if its
volume it to double while its pressure remains constant.
79. Problem A. 273°C
A metal cylinder with rigid walls contains 3 moles of oxygen gas. The gas is heated until the B. 540°C
pressure doubles. Calculate the work done by C. 400°C
the gas. D. 576°C
A.2.5J
B.3.0 J 35. Problem
C.4.4 J Compute the internal energy of ice at 0°C as it is change to water at same temperature.
D. 0 A. 1.76 kJ
B. 1.67 kJ
83. Problem C.3.44 kJ
A comfortable bedroom contains approximately 2500 moles of air. If air is treated as an D. 5.40 kJ
ideal gas with k equal to 1.4, compute the change in internal energy when it is isobarically
cooled from 23.9°C to 11.6°C. Problem
A. -639.3 kJ A motor is used to stir a 5 kg water at 0.4 Hp. Assuming that there was no losses and all the
B. -540.7 kJ work went into heating, how long will it take to increase the temperature of water by 6 C° ?
C. -430.5 kJ A 7 minutes
D. -740.4 kJ B. 5 minutes
C. 10 minutes
D. 12 minutes
80. Problem
The engine of a Mercedes-Benz automobile has an intake air of 20°C and compresses it Problem
adiabatically up to 10% of its initial volume. Considering the air as an ideal gas, find its final By how many joules does intemal energy of 50 grams of water change es it is heated from
temperature at the end of the compression. 21°C to 45°C considering that its specific heat is 187 kJ/kg.K
A.736 K a. 3.084 kJ .
B.768 K b. 4.056 kJ
C.878 K c. 7.034 kJ
D.787 K d. 5.024 kJ
81. Problem
A gasoline engine in a bus takes in 10 kJ of heat and delivers 2 kJ of mechanical work per
cycle. Compute the efficiency of the engine if the heat is obtained by burning gasoline with
a heating value of 50000 kJ/kg.
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 17%
82. Problem
A Diesel engine has a compression ratio of 15:1, that is; the air in t cylinder is compressed
to 1/15 of its initial volume. Find the fin pressure after compressing an atmospheric air of
temperature 27°C
A 44 atm
B.47 alm
C. 40 atm
What fraction of the observed heat of vaporization of one kilogram of steam at 100°C and
101.325 kPa if it occupies a 1.68 m3 volume?
A. 0.075
B. 0.087
C. 0.044
88. Problem D. 0.034
A 6 cm cube made of iron is heated from 30°C to 300°C. What is the internal energy of this
1700 grams iron considering that its coefficient of thermal expansion is 3.6 x 10 per C and 94. Problem
specific heat of 0.11. callg. "C. Find the increase in internal energy of Nitrogen gas if its temperature rises from 10°C to
A. 218 kJ 130°C considering that the process is isobaric and the specific heats at constant volume &
B. 300 kJ pressure are 0.177 and 0.248 Cal/g. C respectively?
C. 250 kJ A 443 kJ
D 400 kJ B.345 kJ
C. 474 kj
89. Problem D. 543 KJ
Find the specific heat (at constant pressure) of nitrogen gas with a molecular mass of 28
kg/kmol and specific heat at constant volume of 740 J/kg.K.
A 1070 J/kg.K 95. Problem
B. 1040 J/kg.K A 60 kg person consumes 2500 Cal of food in one day (Note: I Cal- 1000 cal). If the entire
C. 2709 J/kg.K heat equivalent at this food were retained by the person's body, how large a temperature
D. 1540 J/kg.K change would it cause if the specific heat of the body is 0.83 cal/g°C?
A 40°C
90. Problem B. 50°C
Compute the maximum possible efficiency of an engine operating: between temperatures C. 35°C.
of 100°C and 752°F. D. 20°C
A. 45%
B. 35% Problem
C. 70% Compute the amount of heat that is given up when 20 kg of steam to 100°C is condensed
D. 65% and cooled to 20°C.?
A-12,400 cal
91. Problem B. 13,400 cal
A steam engine operating between boiler temperature of 220°C and condenser C.15,300 cal
temperature of 35 °C. The engine delivers 8 hp and the? efficiency 30% as of the carnot D. -11,500 cal
engine. What is the actual efficiency the engine?
A. 11.3 %
B. 45.7 %
C. 20.4 %
D. 40.3 %
92. Problem
A steam engine operating between boiler temperature of 250 C condenser temperature of
37 °C. The engine delivers 10 hp and efficiency 35% as of the carot engine. How many
calones absorbed by the boiler per second?
A. 11.3 %
B. 45.7 %
C. 20.4 %
D. 40.3 %
93. Problem
97. Problem
A 3.0 g bullet of specific heat 0.0305 callg°C (128 J/kg. 'C) is moving at 180 m/s and enters a
bag of sand then stops. If all the kinetic energy is converted into heat, by what amount is
the increase In temperature of the bullet?
A 43°C
B. 67°C
C. 127°C
D. 76°C
98. Problem
An electric heater warms a large block of ice at a rater of 200 Joules per second. Calculate
how much is the mass of ice that is melt in 10 minutes?
A.0.36 kg
B.0.54 kg
C.0.76 kg
D. 0.45 kg
99. Problem
The new astrodone to be constructed will hold 76,791 people with the volume of air
coming in at 1 x 10 m3. If all the seats in the done ac occupied and each person transfers a
metabolic thermal energy to the air in the dome at the rate of 100 watts, calculate the
increase in temperature of the air in 2 hours assuming that no heat leaves the air through
the walls, floors and ceiling of the dome. Note: the density of air is 1.3 kg/m2 and specific
heat of 1000 J/k°C?
A. 14°C
B. 24°C
C. 43°C
D. 34°C
100.Problem
What is the volume of an 8 g helium gas with a temperature of 15°C, pressure of 480 mmHg
and the molecular mass of 4 kg/kmol?
A. 75 L
B.80 L
C. 90 L
D. 100 L
TEST II
1. EE Board September 2002
Which of the following is the Ideal gas law (equation)?
A.V/T=k
B. V=k 1/p
c. P1/T1 = P2/T2
D. PV = nRT

During adiabatic, internally reversible process, what is true about the change in entropy?
A it is temperature-dependent
B. It is always greater that zero
C. It is always zero
D. It is always less than zero

How does an adiabatic process compare to an isentropic process?
A adiabatic: heat transfer is not equal to zero; isentropic: heat
transfer is zero.
B. Both: heat transfer = 0; isentropic: reversible
C. Adiabatic: heat transfers 0; isentropic: heat transfer is not equal to
zero
D. Both: heat transfer is not equal to zero; isentropic: irreversible.

Water boils when:
A. its saturated vapor pressure equals to the atmospheric pressure.
8. its vapor pressure equals 76 cm of mercury
.C. its temperature reaches 212 centigrade
D. Its Vapor pressure is 1 gram per sq cm
5.EE Board March 1998

How many independent properties are required to completely fix the cquilibrium state of a
pure gascous compound?
A.4
B.3
C.2
D. 1
6.EE Board March 1998

In an ideal gas mixture of constituents i and j, what is the mole fraction x, equal to?

The first law of thermodynamics is based on which of the following principles?
A. Conservation of mass
B. Conservation of energy
C. Action and reaction
D. The entropy-temperature relationship
12. Which of the following cycle is used in vapor cycle power plant?
A.Brayton cycle
8. Diesel cycle
Which of the following is standard temperature and pressure (STP)?
C.Ericson cycle
A.0 degree Celsius and one atmosphere
D.Rankine cycle
B.32 degree Fahrenheit and zero pressure
C.O degree Kelvin and one atmosphere
13. Which ideal cycle below is based on the concept that the combustion process is both
D. O degree Fahrenheit and zero pressure
diesel and gasoline in the combustion of heat process that is constant pressure and
constant volume?
A.Ericson cycle
What is the value of the work done for a closed, reversible isometric system?
B.Dual cycle
A. zero
C. Brayton cycle
B. positive
D. Rankine cycle
C.negative
D. positive or negative

Which of the following statements is TRUE for an idea! gas, but not for a real gas?
A. PV = nRT
B.An increase in temperature causes an increase in the kinetic energy of the gas.
C. The total volume of molecules on a gas is nearly the same as the volume of the gas as a
whole
D. No attractive force exists between the molecules of a gas.

For heat engine operating between two temperatures (T2> T1), what is the maximum
efficiency attainable?
21. What is the temperature when water and vapor are-in equilibrium with the
14. Which of the following is not a thermodynamic property? atmospheric pressure?
A. Pressure C.Critical point
B. Temperature D. Freezing point
C. Volume
D. Phase 22. What is the unique state at which solid, liquid and gaseous phases can co-exist in
equilibrium?
15. Which of the following compressibility factor of ideal gas? A. internal energy
A.1 B. enthalpy
B. 2 A.Triple point
C. 1.5 BCritical point
D. 0 C.Boiling point
D. total energy
16. The energy which includes all of the potential and kinetic energies the atoms or
molecules in a substance is known as
A. INTERNAL ENERGY 23. What refers to the state at which liquid and gaseous phases are indistinguishable?
B. ENTHALPY A Triple point
C. ENTROPY B. Critical point
D. TOTAL ENERGY C.Boiling point
D. Pour point
17. What refers to the thermodynamic properties which are dependent on the amount of
the substance present? 24. What refers to the heat needed to change the temperature of the substance without
A.Extensive properties changing its phase?
B. Intensive properties A Latent heat
C. Reversible properties 8. Sensible heat
D. Irreversible properties C. Specific heat
D.Entropy
18. What thermodynamic properties are independent of the amount of substance present?
A. Intensive properties 25. What is defined as the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of one
B. Extensive properties kilogram of water by one degree Celsius?
C. Reversible properties A. Kilojoule
D. Irreversible properties B. Btu
C. Kilocalorie
19. What is known as the total heat and heat content at various times in! history? It also D. Latent heat
represents the useful energy of a substance.
A. Enthalpy
B.Entropy
C. Internal Energy
D. Latent heat
D. Pour point
20. What is the measure of the energy that is no longer available to perform useful work
within the current environment? It is also known as the measure of tho randomness of the
molecules.
A. Entropy
B. Enthalpy
C. InterNaL Energy
D. Flow work
26. What do you cali a system in which there is a flow of matter through the boundary? This 31. In a closed vessel, when vaporization takes place the temperatur rises. Due to the rising
system usually encloses the device that involves mass flow, such as: compressor, turbine, or temperature, the pressure increases ur equilibrium is established between the temperature
nozzle. and pressure. W do you call the temperature of equilibrium?
A. Closed system A.Dew point
B. Open system B. Ice point
C. Isolated system C. Superheated point
D.All of these D. Boiling point
27. The mechanical equivalent of heat is 34. Which of the following is the work done for a closed, reversible, isometric system?
A. joule A. Negative
B. calorie B.Positive
C. Btul C. Zero
D. specific heat D.Undefined
35. Which of the following is the value of n for a perfect gas undergoing an isobaric
32. What happens to the internal energy of water at reference temperature where enthalpy process?
is zero? A.
A Becomes negative n>0
B Becomes positive B. n=0
C Remains constant C. n=1
D.Cannot be defined D.n-
33. EE Board October 1990 36. If an initia! volume of an ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume and to
Which of the following equations is the definition of enthalpy? twice its original temperature, the pressure:
A.h=U+PV A doubles
B. h=U+ B. halves
C.h+ P/V + U/T C. quadruples
D. h=U-PV D. triples
28. The phenomenon of melting under pressure and freezing again when the pressure is 37. When the expansion or compression of gas takes place without transfer of heat to or
reduced is known as: from the gas, the process is called:
A sublimation A isometric process
B. condensation B. isothermal process
C. deposition C. isobaric process
D. regelation D. adiabatic process
29. What is the entropy of a pure substance at a temperature of absolute zero?

A. Unity
B. "Zero
C. Infinity
D. Undefined
30. What is the area under the curve on a temperature-entropy diagram:

A: Heat
B. Work
C.Entropy
D. Volume
42. At steam point, the temperatures of water and its vapor at standaro
pressure are:
38. In the absence of any irreversibilities, a thermoelectric generator, a device that A extremes or maximum
incorporates both thermal and electric effects, will have the efficiency of alan. B. unity
A. Carnot cycle C. in equilibrium
B.Otto cycle D. underfined
C.Diesel cycle
D. Rankine cycle 43. In a two-phase system, 30% moisture means
A. 70% liquid and 30% vapor
39. Which of the following best describe both Stirling and Ericson engines? B. 70% vapor and 30% liquid
A Internal combustion engines C. 30% liquid and 100% vapor
B. External combustion engines D. 30% vapor and 100% liquid
C. Carnot engines
D. Brayton engines 47. When the expansion or compression of gas takes place "without transfer of heat to or
from the gas, the process is called:
40. Nozzles do not involve any work interaction. The fluid through this device experiences A. reversible
which of the following? B. adiabatic
A. No change in potential energy C. polytropic
B.No change in kinetic energy D. isothermal
C. No change in enthalpy
D.A vacuum 48. What refers to a liquid whose temperature is lower than the saturation temperature
corresponding to the existing pressure?
44. The thermal efficiency of gas-vapor cycle is efficiency of a steam turbine or gas turbine A Subcooled liquid
A.greater than B. Saturated liquid
B.less than C.Pure liquid
C. not comparable D. Compressed liquid
D. equal
49. Which law that states "Entropy of all perfect crystalline solids is zero at absolute zero
45. A property that indicates the natural direction of a process was first described by a temperature"?
German physicist. This property is called entropy. Who coined the word entropy? A Zeroth law of thermodynamics
A.Rudolf Clausius B.First law of thermodynamics
B.Lord Kelvin C. Second law of thermodynamics
C.Gabriel Volks D.Third law of thermodynamics
D.Rudolf Diesel
46. What is the temperature when water and vapor are in equilibrium with the
atmospheric pressure?
A.Ice point
B.Steam point
C.Critical point
D.Freezing point
41. The convergent section of a nozzle increases the velocity of the flow of the gas. What
does it has to do on its pressure?
A.Pressure becomes constant
B.Pressure equals the velocity
C.It increases the pressure
D.It decreases the pressure
C.Fixed region in space
50. What should be the temperature of both water and steam whenever they are present 54. The triple point of a substance is the temperature, and pressure which:
together? A. the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium
A. Saturation temperature for the existing pressure B. the solid and gaseous phases are in equilibrium
B. Boiling point of water at 101.325 kPa C. the solid, liquid and gaseous phases are in equilibrium
C. Superheated temperature D. the solid does not melt, the liquid does not boil and the gas not condense
D. One hundred degrees centigrade
55. Which of the following relations is not applicable In a free exp process?
51. Which of the following occurs in a reversible polytropic process? A. Heat rejected is zero
AEnthalpy remains constant C. Change in temperature is zero
8. Internal energy does not change B.Work done is zero
C. Some heat transfer occurs D.Heat supplied is zero
D. Entropy remains constant
6. Which of the following is used in thermal power plant?
sz. The change that the system that undergoes from one equilibrium state A. Brayton cycle
to another is known as B. Reversed Carnot cycle
A. path C.Rankine cycle
B. process D.Otto cycle
C. enthalpy change
D. entropy change The elongation and compression of a helical spring is an example of which process?
AIrreversible process
53. What refers to the series of states through which a system passes during the process? 8Reversible process
A. Path C. Isothermal process
B.Quasi-static steps D. Adiabatic process
C. Reversibility moves
D. Irreversibility moves A Bell-Coleman cycle is a reversed of which of the following cycles?
A. Stirling cycle
B. Joule cycle
C. Carnot cycle
What system in which neither mass nor energy cross the boundaries and it is not influenced D. Otto cycle
by the surroundings?
A.Closed system
B.Open system
C.Isolated system
D. All of these
57. Ericson cycle has:

A.Two isothermal and two constant pressure processes
B.Two isothermal and two constant volume processes
C. Two isothermal and two constant entropy processes
D.Two adiabatic, one constant volume and constant pressure processes
58. A Stirling cycle has:
Two adiabatic and two constant volume processes Two adiabatic and two constant
pressure processes Two isothermal and two constant pressure processes D. Two isothermal
and two constant volume processes
59. What is referred to by control volume?
A An isolated system
B.Closed system.
B. Closed system
C. Isolated system
63. Brayton cycle has: D. Nonflow system
A Two isentropic and two constant volume processes
B.Two isentropic and two constant pressure processes 71. What refers to a system in which there is a flow of mass across its boundaries?
C.One constant pressure, one constant volume and two adiabatic processes A Open system
D. Two isothermal, one constant volume and one corstant pressure processes B. Closed system
C. Isolated system
64. Otto cycle consists of: D. Steady flow system
A. Two isentropic and two constant volume processes
B. Two isentropic and two constant pressure processes 71. When two bodies, isolated from other environment, are in thermal equilibrium with a
C. Two adiabatic and two isothermal processes third body, the two are in thermal equilibrium with each other. What do you call this
D. Two isothermal and two constant volume processes statement?
A. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
65. When a system deviates infinitesimally from equilibrium at every instant of its state, it
is undergoing what process? B. First law of thermodynamics
A.isobaric process
B.quasi-static process C. Second law of thermodynamics
C.isometric process
D. cyclic process D. Third law of thermodynamics
6. An ideal gas is compressed isothermally. The enthalpy change is: 73. At equal volume, at the same temperature and pressure conditions, the gases contain
A. always negative the same number of molecules. This refers to which of the following laws?
B. always positive A.Boyle's law
C. zero B.Charle's law
D. undefined C.Dalton's law
D. Avogadro's law
67. The state of a thermodynamic system is always defined by its:
A.absolute temperature
B. process 74. In the polytropic process we have pv constant, if the value of n is nfinitely large, the
C.Isolated system process is called:
D. Nonflow system A constant volume process
B. constant pressure process
68. Entropy is the measure of: C. constant temperature process
A. the internal energy of a gas D. adiabatic process
B. the heat capacity of a substance
C. randomness or disorder
D. the change of enthalpy of a system
69. What system in which there is no exchange of matter with surrounding or mass does
not cross its boundaries?
A. Open system
B. Closed system
C. Isolated system
D. Nonflow system
70. Which one of the choices below refers to a system that is completely impervious to its
surrounding or neither mass nor energy cross its boundaries?
A. Open system
A. Cycle
B. Process
75. Which of the following cannot be a property of a gas? C. Property D. Enthalpy
A. Density D. Gasoline engine
B. Pressure
C. Viscosity 83. Which of the following engines is the most efficient?
D. Temperature A. Gas turbine
B. Diesel engine
76. During adiabatic process, which of the following is the change in C. Carnot engine
entropy? D. Gasoline engine
A. Zero
B. Greater that zero 84. Which of the following is the process that cannot be found in a Carnot engine cycle?
C.Less than zero A. Isobaric expansion
D.Infinity 3. Adiabatic compression
C. Adiabatic expansion
77. Which of the following best describe an adiabatic process? D. Isothermal expansion
85. In any process, the maximum amount of heat that can be converted in to mechanical
81. In a complete heat engine cycle, which of the following is the area enclosed by the PV- energy:
diagram? A. depends only on the exhaust temperature
A. The work done by the engine per cycle B. depends on the intake and exhaust temperatures
B. The heat-transferred to the engine C. is always 100%
C. The enthalpy of the per cycle 2.depends on the involvement of kinetic and potential energy involved
D. The volume of exhaust gas per cycle
82. Which of the following engines is least efficient? 86. Who coined the word energy?
A.Gas turbine James Joule
B.Diesel engine omas Young
C.Camot engine Julf Diesel
Kelvin
AThe system does no work nor is work done on it
B. The temperature of the system remains constant
C. The heat of the system is changing
D. No heat enters or leaves the system
78. Boiling occurs when the vapor pressure attains which of the following: pressures?
A. The gage pressure
B. The critical pressure
C. The ambient pressure
D. One standard atmosphere
79. Which of the following systems where there is no transfer of matte across the
boundary? This system consists a fixed amount of mas and no mass can cross its boundary
or no mass can enter or leave th system.
A Closed system
B. Open system
C. Isolated system
D. All of these
so. Which of the following values characterize the state of the syster
B. work output is the difference in entropy always
C. work output is a function of intake temperature only work output is the difference
87. An ideal heat engine can be 100 % efficient only and only if its exhaust temperature is: between
A. same as the input temperature D work output is different in entropy always.
B. greater than the input temperature
C. less than the input temperature For any reversible thermodynamic process, which of the following statements is true
D. OK temperature regarding the change in entropy?
88. What is the most frequent term used in thermodynamic heat engines which indicate
how well an energy conversion or transfer process is accomplished?
A. Cycle
B.Efficiency
C. Heating effect
96. Which of the following processes where the equation dQ= Tds is applicable?
D. Reversibility
A.Irreversible
B. Isometric
93. Which of the following is the value of n (from PVC) for a perfect gas undergoing
C. Reversible
isothermal process?
D. Isothermal
A. 0
B. 1
Which of the following thermodynamic relations is not correct?
C. infinity
A. Q=U+W
D. n>1
B. Tds dU + pdV
C. dH Tds+ VdP
94. What is used for predicting the behavior of non-ideal gases?
D.H=U-PV
A. Compressibility factor
B.Expansivity factor
97 Which of the following thermodynamic devices operates the reverse of the heat engine?
C.Emissivity factor
Thermal pump
D.Vann-d' Whal's factor
its heat intake exhaust
Thermal evaporator
89. Which of the following diagrams was introduced by German scientist R. Molller?
Thermal condenser
A. Enthalpy-entropy (h-s) diagram
Thermal equlibrant
B. Temperature-entropy (t-s) diagram
C. Pressure-volume (p-v) diagram
D. Pressure-enthalpy (p-h) diagram
90. Which of the following laws of thermodynamics which leads to the definition of
entropy?
A. First law Second law
B. 2nd law
C. Third law
D. Law of conservation of energy
91. Which of the following is the other term used for enthalpy-entropy ( diagram?
A. Ethalpy diagram
B. Mollier diagram
C. Steam digram
D. Entropy chart
92. Which of the following defines the work output for every heat eng
A work output is a function of exhaust temperature only
99. What is another term used for isometric processes?
A.
Isochoric process
B. lolytropic process
C. Isothermal process
D. Reversible process
100. Which of the following engines was introduced by a German engineer, Nickolas Otto?
AGasoline Engine
B.Diesel Engine
C. Gas tubine
D. Thermal Engine
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

Thermal Conductivity is a quantity that expresses how well a substance conducts
heat. The numerical value of thermal conductivity (k) for different substances vary Thermal Conductivity of Gases of Varying Temperature
from almost zero for gases under extreme vacuum conditions to about 7000 The THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY @ Temperature t: Eucken's Formula
Btu/hr-ft-F, which has been observed for a natural copper crystal at very low
temperature of -422°F.
The thermal conductivity depends on the following aspects:
A. Chemical Composition
B. Physical State and Texture
C. Temperature and Pressure
The Thermal Conductivity of Cases and Vapors

It has been observed in several experiments that; in general, the thermal The Thermal Conductivity of Liquids (Water)
conductivity increases with an increase in the temperature of gases. However, the Water is the best conductor of all non-metallic liquids. The heat conductivity of
thermal conductivity of gases or vapors with higher: molecular weight is smaller organic liquids in of the order of magnitude of 0.10 Btu/hr- At-"F.
than that of lighter ones.
The Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Materials of Varying Temperatures

1. Low-Temperature Insulations
- Insulators are used to prevent freezing or sweating and to insulate ice- water
pipes and other refrigeration equipment.
- Materials are manufactured so as to have a low conductivity and durable
structure under moisture conditions.
Low Temperature Materials:

At temperature about 150°F to 300°F (65°C to 150°C) asbestos paper structures are
extensively used. They have advantages of rather small conductivity and low cost.
Raw Materials:
Cattle Hair, Wool Felt, Cork and their various combinations. Cork is used in many
forms such as sheets, blocks or bulk.
2. Moderate Temperatures
At temperature between 300°F and 600°F (150°C to 320°C) an insulation
composed of 85% magnesia and 15% asbestos must be used.
Asbestos is a silicate mineral having the characteristic properties of fibrous

structure and fire resistance. It has a good resistance to mechanical vibration and
shock vibration.
: The term "85% magnesia" often used to insulating materials is the above-
mentioned 85% magnesia and 15% asbestos.
Calculate the quantity of heat conducted per minute through a duralumin circular
TEST 12 disc 127 mm diameter and 19 mm thick when the temperature drop across the
1.Problem thickness of the plate is-5°C. Take the coefficient of thermal conductivity of
A wall is made of firebricks 6 inches thick and has a 50 C difference in- duralumin as 150 W/m-K.
temperature both sides. Calculate the heat transferred through the wall if the A. 30 kJ
thermal conductivity of the bricks is 0.65 Btu/hr-ft-"F. B.35 kJ
A.185 W/m2 C.40 kJ
B.245 W/m2 D. 45 kJ
C.369 W/m2
-D.467 W/m2
6.Problem
2.Problem A copper tube of length 3 m, inner diameter of 1.2 cm and outer diameter of 1.7
Compute the amount of heat transferred in one hour through a solid brick wall 6 cm passes through a container of rapidly circulating water maintained at 20°C. If
m x 2.9 m x 225 mm, when the outer surface is at 5°C and the inner surface 17°C. steam passes through the tube at 100°C, compute the amount of heat flow rate
The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the brick is approximately 0.6 W/m-K. from the steam to the container? The thermal conductivity of copper is 1.0
A. 2,004.5 kJ Cal/s.cm. C
B. 2,740.5 kJ A.1.2 x 10cal/s
C. 1,674.5 kJ B.1.4 x 10cals
D. 3,767.5 kJ C.2.3 x 10cal/s
D.3.2 x 10cal/s
3. Problem
Compute the amount of heat flow per second through an iron plate 2 cm thick and 7. Problem
area of 5000 cm3 if one face has a temperature of 150°C and the other face is A thin square steel plate, 10 cm on a side, is heated in a blacksmiths forge to a
140°C? The thermal conductivity for iron is 80 W/m.K? temperature of 800°C. If the emissivity is 0.60, what is the total rate of radiation of
A.30 kJ/s energy?
B.40 kJ/s A. 900 Watts
C. 10 kJ/s B. 700 Watts
D. 20 kJ/s C. 500 Watts
D. 600 Watts
4. Problem
A vertical furnace wall is made up of an inner wall of firebrick 20 cm thick
followed by insulating brick 15 cm thick and an outer wall of steel 1 cm thick. The 8. Problem
surface temperature of the wall adjacent to the combustion chamber is 1200°C Hot gases at 280°C flow on one side of a metal plate of 10mm. thickness and air at
while that of the outer surface of steel is 50°C. The thermal conductivities of the 35°C flows on the other side. The heat transfer coefficient of the gases is 31.5
wall material in Wim-K are: firebrick, 10; insulating brick, 0.26; and steel, 45. W/m2-K and that of the air is 32 W/m2-K. Calculate the over-all transfer
Neglecting the film) resistances and contact resistance of joints, determine the coefficient.
heat loss per sq.m. of wall area. A.15.82 W/m2-K
A.1.93 W/m2 B.14.82 W/m2-K
B.2.55 W/m2 C.16.82 W/m2-K
C. 0.93 W/m2 D.17.82 W/m2-K
D.1.45 W/m2
5.Problem
C.58,000 kcal
D.77,100 kcal
12. Problem
9. Problem A slab of material has an area of 2 m2 and is 1 mm thick. One side is maintained at
How much heat will flow in 24 hours through a plaster wall that is 0.50 in thick a temperature of 0°C while the other is at 12°C. It is determined that 6820 J of
and 8 ft x 14 ft in area if the temperature is 80°F on one side and 40°F on the heat flows through the material in a time of 10 minutes. What is the thermal
other? Use k = 3.25 Btu-in/hr-n?"F. conductivity of the material?
A.5.99 x 10 Btu A.4.74 x 10-4 W/m°C
B.7.99 x 10 Btu B.2.66 x 10-4 W/m°C
C.6.99 x 10 Btu C.5.74 x 10 W/m°C
D.4.99 x 10 Btu D. 9.79 x 10 W/m°C
10. Problem A.132°F

Hollow sphere has an outside radius of 1 m and is made of polystyrene foam with B. 332°F
a thickness of 1 cm. A heat source inside keeps the inner surface 5.20°C hotter C. 232°F
than the outside surface. How much power is produced by the heat source? The D. 432°F
thermal conductivity of polystyrene foam is 0.033 W/m°C. 15. Problem
A. 200 W A turbo-generator, 16 cylinder, Vee type diese! engine has an air consumption of
B. 300 W 3000 kg/hr per cylinder at rated load and speed. This air is drawn in thru a filter by
a centrifugal compressor direct connected to the exhaust gas turbine. The
13. Problem Calculate the heat loss per lincar ft from 2 in. nominal pipe (2.375 in. temperature of the air from the compressor is 145°C and a counterflow air cooler
outside diameter) covered with 1 in. of an insulating material having an average reduces the air temperature to 45°C before it goes to the engine suction header.
thermal conductivity of 0.0375 Btu/hr--F. Assume that the inner and outer surface Cooling water enter air cooler at 30°C and leaves at 38°C. Calculate the arithmetic
temperatures of the insulation are 380°F and 80°F respectively. mean temperature difference.
A 110 Btu/hr-ft
B. 120 Btu/hr-fl A 41°C
C. 116 Btuhr-ft B. 61°C C. 51°C
D. 126 Btu/hr-ft D. 71°C

A liquid to liquid counterflow heat exchanger is used to heat a cold fluid from A glass wall with thickness 3.125 x 10 m is exposed to a uniform temperature
120°F to 310°F. Assuming that the hot fluid enters at 500°F and leaves at 400°F, inside of 15°C and outside of 25°C. What is its temperature gradient?
calculate the log mean temperature difference for the heat exchanger. A.31.5°C/m
C.216 W B. 32.4 °C/cm
D. 316 W C. 24.5 °C/m
D.17.4°C/m
11. Problem
A glass window has an area of 1.60 m2 and a thickness of 4 mm. If one side is at a
temperature of 6.80°C and the other is at -5°C, how much thermal energy flows
through the window in a time of 24 hours? The thermal conductivity of glass is
1.89 x 10 kcal/m-s-°C.
A.26,200 kcal
B.40,700 kcal
19. Problem
An engineer designed an outer house wall with a layer of wood 2 cm thick on the
17. Problem outside and a layer of Styrofoam insulation 3.5 cm thick as the inside wall surface.
The bottom an aluminum container has an area of 300 cm2 and is 0.30 cm thick. If Compute the temperature of the plane where the wood meets the Styrofoam if
the lower surface of the container is exposed to heat and has a temperature of the interior temperature is 19°C and the exterior temperature is 10°C. Note:
125°C with upper surface temperature of 120°C, how many calories are conducted Kwood 0.08 W/m.K and Kayra 0/01 W/m.K.
through the bottom per minute.. Note: Kamin 0.5 Cal/cm."C A. -8.1°C
A. 150,000 cal/min B. -4°C
B. C. -10°C
200,000 cal/min D. -7°C
21. Problem
A quartz radiant heater has two cylindrical tubes 40 cm long and 1.0 am in radius. zo. Problem
The heater designed to produce 1300 watts of radiant power. What would be the The temperature of standard stove bumer is raised from 300K to 600 how many
temperature of the tubes if the emissivity of its tubes is 0.60? more energy does it radiate per second at the highe temperature than at the
A. lower temperature?
934 K A. four times
B. B. sixteen times
570 K C.twice
C. D. eight times
980 K
D. 23. Problem
1068 K Find the rate at which heat flows through a 7 ft x 2.5 ft wide when the inside
C. 100,000 cal/min temperature is 90°F and the outside temperature is 75°F. The thermal conductivity
D. 230,000 cal/min of the wood is 0.87 Btu/ft.hr.Fin. and a thickness of 2 inches.
18. Problem A. 114.2 Btu/hr
A human body has a temperature of 30°C. If its total surface area of the is 1.2 m2, B. 250.3 Btu/hr
what is the net rate of heat loss from the body by radiation considering that the C. 170.4 Btu/hr
surrounding temperature is 20°C? Note: The emissivity of the body is very close to D. 167.2 Btu/hr
unity, irrespective of skin pigmentation.
A 75 W Problem
B. A metal rod is 10 cm long and has a diameter of 2 cm. One end is in contact with
40 W steam at 100°C while the other end is in contact with the ice at 0°C. It was found
22. Problem out that 320 grams of ice melted after 20 minutes. What is the thermal
A small hole in the wall of a cavity in an object of any kind behaves like a conductivity of the metal?
blackbody because any radiation that falls on it is trapped inside by reflections A. 283.6 W/m.K
from the cavity wall until it is absorbed. At what rate does radiation escape from a B. 324.5 W/m.K
hole of area 20 cm2 in the wall surface whose interior temperature is 800°C? C. 345.4 W/m.K
A.150 W D. 154.3 W/m.K
B.142 W
C.135 W
D.146 W
C. 72 W
D.50 W
B.
11.4 °C
C.
25. Problem 13.7 °C
A large hollow sphere has an outside radius of 1 m and is made of polystyrene D.
foam with a thickness of 1 cm. A heat source inside keeps the inner surface 7.40°C 14.2°C
hotter than the outer surface. Compute the 11. Problem
power that is produce by the heat source when the thermal conductivity of Find the thermal conductivity of the 0.5 m thick material with an area of 5 m2 and
polystyrene foam is 0.033 W/m.K. a temperature difference of 10 K if the heat transmitted during 2 hours test is 2000
A. kJ.
276.4 W A 2.78 W/m-K
B. °F.
305.7 W A
C. 184427 Btu/min
123.5 W B.
D. 43503.7 Btu/min
276.2 W C.
26. Problem 23454.8 Btu/min
A small sphere has a radius of 1 cm and is maintained at a temperature of 300°C. D.
Assuming it to be a black body surrounded by empty space, compute the Intensity 12897.9 Btu/min
of radiation 3 m from the sphere. 28. Problem
A. 0.068 W/m2 In a hot water heating system water is heated to 85°C and then pumped at the
B. 0.058 W/m2 rate of 4 liters per minute through a radiator where it cooled to 33°C. If the water
C. arrives at the radiator at a temperature 75°C, what is the efficiency of this heat
0.087 W/m2 transfer system?
D. 0.056 W/m2 A. 80.7%
27. Problem B. 86.7%
How much heat will flow through a plaster wall that is 0.75 in thick and 8 ft x 14 ft C. 74.5% D. 72.5%
in area if the temperature is 85°F in one side and 47°F on the other side. Note the B.
thermal conductivity of plaster is 3.25 Btu-in/hr-t 3.76 W/m-K
Chapter 12-Heat Transfer C.
29. Problem The fumace heats air from 60°F to 160°F. In air heating system, the air 1.25 W/m-K
is then circulated at the rate of 330 ft/min by the blower, how much thermal D. 4.14 W/m-K
energy is transferred per hour. Note: the specific heat of air at constant pressure is 32. Problem
0.250 Btu/lb°F, the density of air is 0.0806 lb/ft at atmospheric pressure. The hot gas temperature in a heat exchanger is 350°C (h,= 220 W/m2- K). What is
A. 18,000 Btu/hr 23,705 Btu/hr the surface temperature on the wall if the heat transferred is 1500 W/m27
B. A 350°C
C. 43,600 Btu/hr B. 343°C
D. 39,900 Btu/hr C. 338°C
30. Problem .D. 358°C
Water enters the condenser at 20°C and leaves at 35°C. What is the log mean
temperature difference if the condenser temperature is 43°C.
A.
16.3 °C
Btu-in./hr-ft-F). If the temperature of the outer surface of the cork is 90°F,
calculate the heat lost per 100 ft of insulated pipe.
A
33. Problem 847.64 Btu/hr
Two walls are composed of 150 mm thick insulating material at the outer layer (k B. 2847.42 Btu/hr
= 0.139 W/m-K) and 300 mm thick material at the inner layer (k 1.111 Wim-K). C.
Calculate the heat transmitted per m2 if the surface temperatures of the cold side 3847.51 Btu/hr
and hot side are 25°C and 300°C repsectively. D. 1847.14 Btu/hr
A. 36. Problem
203.79 W/m2 A counterflow heat exchanger is designed to heat fuel oil from 45°C to 100°C while
B. the heating fluid enters at 150°C and leaves at 115 C Calculate the arithmetic
354.65 W/m2 mean temperature difference.
C. A 40°C
103.79 W/m2 B. 60°C
D. 254.65 W/m2 C. 50°C
34. Problem D. 70°C
If total resistance to heat flow of a composite wall is 3.0875 m2-KW. What is the 37. Problem
over-all transfer coefficient of the wall? A steel plate of 15 cm thickness and 1 m2 area is maintaine temperature of 700°C
A. 0.324 W/m2-K at one face and 100°C on the other Calculate the conduction heat transfer of this
A. plate if the conduc steel is 20 W/m2K?
80 kW: 12-18.
B. C. 3.245 kW/m2
70 kW D. 1.282 kW/m2
C. 39. Problem
58 kW A hollow cyclinder of 2 m length has inner and outer radius of 60 mm and 110 mm
D. respectively. The inner surface and outer surface temperatures of the cylinder are
34 kW 270°C and 175°C. Determine the conduction heat transfer through the cylinder
38. Problem considering the thermal conductivity of 57 W/m.K.
Chapter 12- Heat Transfer A. 104.6 kW
A composite wall is made of two slabs with the outermost surface temperatures B.
maintained at 1250°C and 125°C. The first stab has a thickness of 500 mm and 203.6 kW
thermal conductivity of 1.4 W/m.K and the thickness and thermal conductivity of C. 176.7 kW. D. 243.4 kW
the second slab are 150 mm and 0.37 W/mK ?respectively. Calculate the 10. Problem
conduction heat transfer through this composite wall per unit area. Two black square plates of size (2 x 2m) are placed parallel to each other at a
A. 2.457 kW/m2 particular distance to have a shape factor of 0.52.The plates are maintained at a
B. temperature of 1000°C and 500°C espectively. Determine the radiation heat
1.475 KW/m2 exchange between the two plates.
B. 4 267.6 kW 1453.5 kW ..345.3 kW J. 127.5 kW
0.243 W/m2-K EE Board April 2003, EE Board September 2003
C. 0.423 W/m2-K plane walt is 2 m high by 3 m wide and is 20 cm thick. It is made of a aterial which
D. 0.234 W/m2-K has a thermal conductivity of 0.50 W/m.K. A temperature fference of 60°C is
35. Problem imposed on the two large faces. Find the heat flux.
A pipe with an outside diameter of 2.5 in. is insulated with a 2 in. layer of asbestos 150 W/m2
(k = 0.396 Btu-in./hr--°F), followed by a layer of cork 1.5 in. thick (ke 0.30 12-19
1568 calmin
B.
1298 cal/min
B. C.
160 W/m2 1904 cal/min
C. 145 W/m2 D.
D. 155 W/m2 1897 cal/min
A room is 10 ft long. 12 ft wide and 8 ft high. The inside and outside temperatures What thickness of the wood has the same insulating ability as 10 cm brick of
are 8°F and 65°F respectively. Compute the heat transmitted through the wall if thermal conductivity equal to 0.8 W/m.K and 0.1 W/mK for the wood?
the coefficient of heat transmission is 0.12 Bluft. F.hr. A. 1.25 cm
46. Problem B.
Chapter 12 - Heat Transfer 1.00 cm
A spherical blackbody of 3 cm in radius is in equilibrium with its surroundings. It C. 2.10 cm
then absorbs 30 kW of power radiated to it from the surroundings. What is the D. 2.54 cm
approximate temperature of the sphere? 45. Problem
A. 2600 K Using Stefan's law to calculate the total power radiated per squ meter by a
B. filament at 1827°C having an absorption factor of 0.54.
3000 K A. 595.48 W/m2
C. B. 765.75 W/m2
A C.
2984.8 Blu 354.57 W/m2
B. D.
2407.7 Btu 654.56 W/m2
C. D. '97 W
1204.7 Bu 48. Problem
D. A 48-ft wall has an average thermal conductivity of 1.2 Blut-of-hr. If the
987.67 Blu temperature difference between the two sides is 18°F and the thickness is 0.7ft,
43. Problem what is the total heat loss in 5 hrs?
A refrigerator door is 140 cm high, 85 cm wide, and 8 cm thick. What is the heat A 1480 BTU
loss per minute through the door if the coefficient of conductivity is 0.0005 B.
cal/cm.s.°C, and the inner and outer surfaces are at 0°C and 32°C respectively? 7400 BTU
1500 K D. 2500 K C. 5180 BTU D. 38,500 BTU
An incandescent lamp filament has an area of 50 mm2 and operates at a The sun generates 1 KW/m2 when used as a source for solar collectors. A collector
temperature of 2127°C. If all the energy furnished to the bulb is assume to be with an area of 1 m2 heat water. The flow rate is 3.0 liters per minute. What is the
radiated from it and the filament's emissivity is 0.83, by how much power must be temperature rise in the water? The specific heat of water is 4,200 J/kg°C.
furnished to the bulb when it is operating? A. 4.8°C
A. 78 W B. 4.5°C
B. C. 2.8°C D. 7.4°C
87 W
C.
98 W
A.
50. Problem
Compute the amount condensate formed during 10 minutes warm-up of 150 m pipe
conveys saturated steam with enthalpy of vaporization hy= 1,947.8 kJ/kg. The minimum
external temperature of pipe is 2°C and the final temperature is 195°C. The specific heat of
pipe material is 0.6 kJ/kg-K and the specific weight is 28 kg/m.
A.249.69 kg
B. 124.85 kg
C.499.38 kg
D.62.42 kg
A sensor is exposed for 0.1 s to a 200-W lamp 10 m away. Compute the energy of photon
TEST 13 assuming that all the energy of the lamp is given off as light of wavelength 600 nm.
What is the heat transfer due to density differential?
A. Convection 71. Problem To remove the least tiny bound electrons from a metal surface, a 4.2 eV is
B. Conduction needed. When ultraviolet photons of a single frequency strike the metal, the electrons
C. Nuclear were ejected whose kinetic energies from zero to 2.6 eV. Compute the energy of indent
D. Radiation photons.
A. 6.8 eV
2. What do you call the passing of heat energy from molecule to molecule through a A. 3.3 x 10-19 J
substance? B.5.4 x 10'19 J
A.Conduction C.1.7 x 10'19 J
B.Conservation D.2.7 x 10-19 J
C. Radiation
D. Convection 67. Problem
Compute the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation if a photon in the beam of light has
The transmission of heat from one place to another by fluid circulation between the spots the same momentum as electron moving with a speed of 2 x 10 m/s.
of different temperatures is called A. 2.9 eV
A. Convection B.7.3 eV
B. Conservation C.8.4 eV
C. Radiation D. 4.3 eV
D. Conduction
72. Problem
4. Which of the following requires the greatest amount of heat per kilogram for a given A photon of energy 4 eV gives all its energy to an electron that ejects from the metal
increase in temperature? surface with kinetic energy of 1.1 eV. What is the work function of the metal?
A. Ice A.4.56 nm
B. Water B.5.67 nm
C. Steam C.3.64 nm
D. Copper D. 7.55 nm
5. What do you call the effectiveness of a body as a thermal radiator at a 68. Problem
given temperature? A red light passes an empty space. What is the momentum of a single photon of red light
A. Absorptivity whose frequency is 400 x 10" Hz?
B. Conductivity B.1.2 eV
C. Emissivity C.4 eV
D. Reflectivity D. 5.1 eV
73. Problem
At what angle of incidence is sunlight reflected from the surface of a lake when it is fully
polarized?
A 23°
A.
8.8 x 10 kg m/s
B.7.6 x 1028 kg m/s
C. 5.4 x 102 kg m/s
D.6.5 x 10 kg m/s
66. Problem
74. Problem
A meniscus lens has a convex surface whose radius of curvature is 20 cm and concave 66. Problem
surface whose radius of curvature is 15 cm. If the Index of refraction is 1.52, what is the A sensor is exposed for 0.1 s to a 200-W lamp 10 m away. Compute the energy of photon
focal length of the lens? assuming that all the energy of the lamp is given. off as light of wavelength 600 nm.
A.-38.5 cm A. 3.3 x 10 J
B.-40.2 cm Chapter 8-Physics
C.- 17.8 cm 71. Problem To remove the least tiny bound electrons from a metal surface, a 4.2 eV is
D. -35.4 cm needed. When ultraviolet photons of a single frequency strike the metal, the electrons
were ejected whose kinetic energies from zero to 2.6 eV. Computo the energy of indent
75. Problem photons.
The eye can detect as little as 1 x 101 J of electromagnetic energy. How many photons of A. 6.8 eV B. 7.3 eV
orange light whose wavelength is 600 nm present in the energy? B.
A5 5.4 x 10-10 J
B4 C.
C. 3 1.7 x 101 J
D1 D.
2.7 x 10 j
67. Problem
Compute the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation if a photon in the beam of light has
the same momentum as electron moving with a speed of 2 x 10 m/s.
A. 4.56 nm
B. 5.67 nm
C. 3.64 nm
D. 7.56 nm
68. Problem
A red light passes an empty space. What is the momentum of a single photon of red light
whose frequency is 400 x 1012 Hz?
C.
8.4 eV
D. 4.3 eV
72. Problem
A photon of energy 4 eV gives all its energy to an electron that ejects from the metal
surface with kinetic energy of 1.1 eV. What is the work function of the meta!?
A 2.9 eV
B.
1.2 eV
C.
4 eV
D. 5.1 eV
3. Problem
At what angle of incidence is sunlight reflected from the surface of a lake when it is fully
polarized?
A. 23"
A.8.8 x 10 kg m/s
B.7.6 x 10 kg m/s
C.5.4 x 10 kg m/s
D.6.5 x 102 kg m/s
B. 33
C. 45
D. 17
Compute the work function of sodium metal if the photoelectric threshold wavelength is What is the highest frequency present in the radiation from X-ray machine operating at a
680 nm? potential of 50 kV?
A. 1.83 eV A 1.2 x 10 Hz
14. Problem B.
A meniscus lens has a convex surface whose radius of curvature is 20 cm and concave 2.4 x 10 Hz
surface whose radius of curvature is 15 cm. If the index of refraction is 1.52, what is the C. 3.2 x 10 Hz
focal length of the lens? D. 4.2 x 101 Hz
A. -38.5 cm 77. Problem
B. Four trumpets are being played, each at an average sound intensity level of 70 dB. What is
3.45 eV the resulting sound intensity level?
C. 2.14 eV A. 76 dB
B. 81. Problem
-40.2 cm Chapter 8- Physics
C. What is the bulk modulus of steel if the sound waves traveled at approximately 5900 m/s?
17.8 cm Note: the density of steel is 7900 kg/m3.
D. 1:34 eV A 2.75 x 10" Pa
70. Problem B.
What is the wavelength of photoelectrons emitted from a copper suriave? by a work 1.25 x 10" Pa
function of 4.4 eV? C.
D. -35.4 cm 1.15 x 10" Pa
Problem D. 2.45 x 10" Pa
The eye can detect as little as 1 x 101 J of electromagnetic energy. How many photons of 82. Problem
orange light whose wavelength is 600 nm present in the energy? A 1000 Hz sound wave strikes the surface of a lake and penetrates into the water. What is
A. the wavelength of the wave in water considering that the speed of sound in water is 1500
182 nm m/s?
B. B.
342 nm 78 dB
C. C.
124 nm 82 dB
D. 282 nm D.
8-36 74 dB
A5 A
B. 4 1.5 m
C. 3 B.
D. 1 1.7 m
C.
2.0 m
78. Problem
The average person can hear sound waves ranging from about 20 to 20,000 Hz. What is the
wavelength of the minimum frequency that can be heard by a person if the speed of sound
is 340 m/s?
A.
1.7 cm
B.
2.4 cm
C.
2.0 cm
D.
1.5 cm
D. 1.2 m
83. Problem D. 64 dB
A certain loud speaker has a circular opening with a diameter of 15 cm. Assume that the 86. Problem
sound it emits is uniform and outward through this entire opening. How much power is Two sound waves have intensities of 10 μW/cm2 and 500 μW/cm2. Compute how many
being radiated by the loudspeaker if the sound intensity at the opening is 150μW/m2? decibels is the louder sound above the other?
A. 1.77 μW Chapter 8-Physics
B. 1.87 W 91. EE Board April 2001, EE Board April 2003
79. Problem The electron is emitted from a hot filament are accelerated in an electric field until their
The velocity of sound in sea water was found to be 1530 m/s. Compute the wavelength if velocity is 5 x 10 cm/sec. Find the wavelength of the electron (in pm)?
its frequency is 1800 Hz? A.
A. 0.85 m 17 dB
B. B.
0.80 m 23 dB
C. 0.76 m C.
C. 28 dB
2.65 μW D.
D. 3.41 μW 14 dB
Sound intensity that reaches 1.2 W/m2 is painful to human ear. How many decibels is 1.2 Compute the ratio of the intensities of sounds if one is 12 times louder
W/m2? than the other?
A 120.8 dB A
D. 0.65 m 0.009
80. Problem B. 0.153
What is the speed of sound through compressed water (100 kPa) if volume decreased by C. 0.660
0.005 % of its original volume? D. 0.146
A. 1414 m/s 92. EE Board April 1992
B. 1250 m/s A piece of paper lies on a table 2 m away from a point directly below a bulb of 100 cd and is
C. 1130 m/s 4 m. above the table. Calculate the illumination on the center of the paper in lux.
D. 1200 m/s A.
B. 15.85 dB
240.5 dB B.
C. 13.47 dB
170.4 dB C.
D. 134.5 dB 18.76 dB
85. Problem A
In a certain room, one person that is talking has an approximate average sound level of 40 5.2
dB. Assuming that each person speaks the same level as did the single, what will be the B. 6.7
sound level when 20 people speak simultaneously? D. 14.54 dB
A. 47 dB 88. Problem
8-38 An automobile moving at 35 m/s is approaching a building whistle with a frequency of 520
B. Hz. If the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s what is the apparent frequency of the whistle
53 dB heard by the driver?
C. 78 dB A. 573.53 Hz
C. 4.5
D. 3.4
A medium unshaded lamp hangs 8 m directly above the table. To what distance should it be
lowered to increase the illumination to 4.45 times its former value?
B.
543.67 Hz
C. 561.55 Hz
A.
4.02 m
B.
3.86 m
C.
3.79 m
D. 457.54 Hz
89. Problem
A car leaving the factory at 30 m/s and whistle with a frequency of 500 Hz. If the speed of
sound in air is 340 m/s what is the apparent frequency of the whistle heard by the driver?
A. 556 Hz
D. 4.21 m
A floodlight emitting 25,000 candelas in the center of its beam is aimed at 60° to a point on
the ground 20 meters away. The illumination of the point in lux is:
B.
456 Hz
C. 345 Hz
D. 567 Hz
90. Problem
What is the mass of electron traveling at half the speed of light?
A.
1.05 x 100 kg
B.
2.31 x 10 kg
C.
1.56 x 10 kg
D.
1.61 x 101 kg
A.
54:12
B. 62.5
C. 31.25
D. 625
95. Problem
Calculate the energy required by an electron to reach 90% of the speed of light starting
from rest.
A. 0.663 Mev
B. 0.987 Mev
8.40
C. 0.765 Mev
96. Problem
Light from lantern provides illumination of 15 000 Im/m2 on the wall perpendicular to the
beam at a distance of 5 m from the source. What intensity must an isotropic source have to
give this same illumination at a distance of 5 m7
A. 2.53 x 10 cd
B. 3.75 x 10 cd
C.267 x10bà
D. 4.56 x 10 od
97. Problem
Compute the speed of sound in neon gas at 27°C of molecular mass 20.18 kg/kmol and k of
1.67.
A. 454 m/s
B.564 m/s.
C.356 m/s
D. 434 m/s
98. Problem
What is the speed of scund in a diatomic ideal gas that has density of 3.50 kg/m3 and a
pressure of 245 kPa?
A. 313 m/s
B.134 m/s
C.314 m/s
D.293 m/s

What is the index of refraction of a material if the speed of light through the material is
2.37 x 10" m/s?
A. 1.27
B. 1.36
C. 1.52
D. 1.09
100.EE Board April 1997

A magnifying glass has a lons with an index of refraction 5.4 and radio curvature of 2.95
feet and 4.27 feet for the two faces. What is the magnification of the lens when it is held
2.36 inches from an object being viewed?
A. 1.6
B. 2.78
C. 2.16
D. 1.98
ABGD
its density is less than that of the surrounding fluid
6.The natural direction of the heat flow between two reservoirs is dependent on which of of currents in the surrounding fluid
the following? D. high enough for it to glow
A. Their temperature difference
B.Their internal energy 13. The rate at which an object radiates electromagnetic energy does not depend on its:
C.Their pressures A. surface area
D. Their states, whether solid, liquid and gas B.mass
Chapter 13- Heat Transfer Questions C. temperature
12. In order to emit electromagnetic radiation, an object must be at a temperature: D. ability to absorb radiation
A.above 0 K
B.above 0°C 14. Sublimation refers to :
C.above that of its surroundings A.the vaporization of a solid without first becoming liquid
· B.the melting of a solid
7.If the freezing point of water is 0°C, which of the following is its melting point? C.the vaporization of a liquid
8. D.the condensation of a gas into liquid
9.
A. Slightly less than 0°C 15. In the process of freeze drying, ice goes directly into water vapor. What
Slightly more than 0°C is the temperature at which this process can take place?
B. A.Below the triple point of water
C. B.At the triple point of water
0°C C.Above the triple point of water
D. 32°C D. Any of the above, depending on the pressure
The amount of heat required to change the substance from solid to liquid state without
change in temperature is known as latent heat of 16. What usually happen when a vapor condenses into a liquid?
A. evaporation A. It elvolves heat
B. vaporization B.It generates heat
C.condensation C. Its temperature increases
D. fusion D.It boils with temperature less than 100°C
Why are metals good conductors of heat?
1 17. In a cooling tower, the water is cooled mainly by:
A. A.ondensation
B. B. convection
ABGD C. evaporation
Because they contain free electrons D. conduction
Because their atoms are relatively far apart 18. How do you classify a body that has an emissivity factor of 0.7?
C. Because their atoms collide infrequently A.Gray body
D.Because they have reflecting surfaces B.Black body
10. When the temperature of the surrounding is higher than the blood temperature of
human body then the transfer of heat will take place only by:
A. convection
B.radiation
C. cooling C.White body
D.Evaporation D. Theoretical body
11. In natural convection a heated portion of a fluids moves because:

its molecular motions become aligned
A.of molecular collisions within it
A. Zero
A.Sublimation
B.Solidification
C.Vaporization
D. Deposition
7. Which of the following provides the basis of convection heat transfer?
19. Which of the following provides the basis of conduction heat transfer? ABGD
Chapter 13-Heat Transfer Questions A.Newton's Law
25. What happens to the heat transferred radially across insulated pipe per unit area? B.Fourier's Law
A.The heat will flow at constant rate. C. Stefan-Boltzmann Law
B. D.Torricelli's Principle
A.Newton's Law 28. Which of the following is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant?
B.Fourier's Law A.5.77 x 107 W/m2K4
C. B7.67 x 10-9 W/m2K*
D. C.4.78 x 10-10 W/m2K4
BGD D.5.67 x 108 W/m2K4
Stefan-Boltzmann Law 29. What is the usual value of transmissivity for opaque materials?
Torricelli's Principle A.0
20. Which of the following provides the basis of radiation heat transfer? B.Indeterminate
C. C.1
D.Decreases with the increase in thermal conductivity. D. Infinity
Decrease from pipe wall to insulated surface.
Partially increases from pipe wall to insulated surface.. 30. A body whose emissivity is less than 1 is known as a real body. What is the other term
26. What do you call a change of phase directly from vapor to solid without passing through for real body?
the liquid state? A.Gray body
A.Newton's Law B.White body
B.Fourier's Law C.Black body
C. Torricelli's Principle D. Theoretical body
D.Stefan-Boltzmann Law B. Infinity
21. At what particular condition that no more heat can that be removed from a substance ABCD
and the temperature can no longer be lowered? C.
A. Freezing point D.One Indeterminate
B. Absolute zero
C.Critical point
D. Ground zero
22. What refers to the heat transfer wherein the heat is transferred from one point to
another by actual movement of substance?
A.Conduction
B. Radiation
ABGD
C.
Convection
D. Absorption
23. The ratio of the radiation of actual body to the radiation of a blackbody is known as
A.emittance
B. reflectance
C. absorptance
D. transmittance
24. Which of the following is the usual geometric view factor for a bla body?
C.Prandtl number. Nusselt number
Reynolds number
35. It refers to the ratio of the rate of heat transferred by conduction to the rate of energy
stored.
Reynolds number
31. What refers to an ideal body that absorbs all of the radiant energy that intrudes on it Fourier number
and also emits the maximum possible energy when acting as a source? A.
C.thermal B.
D.convection C.Biot number
Chapter 13- Heat Transfer Questions D.Prandtl number
37. It is the term used to describe the energy of a body that can be transmitted in the form 36. A hot block is cooled by blowing cool air over its top surface. The heat- that is first
of heat. transferred to the air layer close to the block is by conduction. It is eventually carried away
A.White body from the surface by:
B.Black body A.conduction
C.Gray body B. radiation
D.Red hot body D. Adhesive
32. The thermal resistance for one-dimensional steady conduction heat transfer through 40. What is the term used to describe a reservoir that absorbs energy in the form of heat?
cylindrical wall in the radial direction is expressed in which of the following functions? A.Source
A.Enthalpy B.Sink
B.Thermal energy C.Cold reservoir
C. Entropy D.
D. Internal energy BGD
38. Which of the following is the equivalent heat transferred of a gas undergoing isometric Heat reservoir
process? 41. In which direction that heat is transferred through conduction?
A.Linear A. Increasing temperature
B.Exponential B. Decreasing temperature
C. Logarithmic C. Increasing and decreasing temperature
D. Trigonometric D. Constant temperature
33. The law which states that "the ratio of the emissive powers to absorptivities are equal 42. Which of the following is the S.I. unit of thermal conductivity?
when the two bodies are in thermal equilibrium" A.W/m-hr-"K
is known as: B.W/m°K
A. C.KJ/m-hr-°C
B.Stefan-Boltzmann Law Newton's Law of Convection D.W/m-hr-°C
D.Kirchhoff's Law of Radiation
C. Fourier's Law
A.Change in enthalpy
B.Change in entropy
C. Change in internal energy
D. Work nonflow
39. What do you call a substance that is able to absorb liquids or gases and is usually used
for removing liquids (or gases) from a given medium or region?
A.Absorbent
B. liquifier
C.Adsorbent
34. It refers to the ratio of the internal thermal resistance of a solid to the boundary layer
thermal resistance (or external resistance of the body).
A. Biot number
ABGD
B.
B. 0.5 C. 1 D.
0<e<1
47. The mechanism of heat transfer in which there is no medium (i. water, air, solid
concrete) required for the heat energy to travel is:
A.Conduction
48. Which of the following statements is based on Prevost theory of heat exchange? B. Radiation
Chapter 13- Heat Transfer Questions ABGD
49. Which of the following best describe function of heat exchanger? C.Convection
A.All bodies above absolute zero emit radiation D. Diffusion
B.The substance moves because of the decrease in its density which 48. The temperature potential between temperature at the two ends of a heat exchanger
is caused by increase in temperature are given by:
C.The substance moves because of the application of mechanical power such as that of a A. the logarithmic mean temperature difference
fan ABCD
D.Heat transfer in most of the cases occurs by combination of conduction, convection and B.the Stefan Boltzmann law
radiation C.Fourier's law
44. Which of the following is the SI unit of thermal diffusivity? D. Kirchoff's law
A.Increase the water temperature entering the system B.Condenser
B.Transfer heat from one fluid to another C.Radiator
C.Evaluate the total energy content of the flow D.Deaerator
D.Exchange heat to increase energy to the flow 3. In convection heat transfer, what happens to the heat transfer coefficient if the viscosity
50. What refers to a form of energy associated with the kinetic random motion of large of the fluid increases?
numbers of molecules? A. The heat transfer coefficient will increase
A.Heat B.The heat transfer coefficient will decrease
B.Heat of fusion C.The heat transfer coefficient remains constant .D. None of the above
C.Entropy 4. How do you call a phenomenon wherein the heat is transferred by motion of fluid under
D.. the action of mechanical device?
AkJ/m2 hr A.Forced convection
B. B. Natural convection
C.W/m2 hr °C m2/hr °C C. Forced conduction
Internal energy D. Thermal radiation
51. How much is the part of light that is absorbed by the body that transmits and reflects
80% and 10% respectively?
D. m2/hr
45. Which of the following mechanism of heat transfer where Stefan Boltzmann law is
applicable?
A.Conduction
B.Radiation
C.Convection
A.10%
B.30%
C. 20%
ABGD
.D. 5%
52. Which of the following heat exchangers wherein water is heated so that it reaches to a
point that dissolved gases are liberated?
A. Evaporator
D. Convection, conduction and radiation
46. Which of the following is the emissivity of white body?
A. zero
64. Which of the following heat exchange device used to provide heat transfer between the
exhaust gases and air prior to the entrance of a combustor?
A.Regenerator
B. Economizer
C. Thermal conductivity
55. In conduction heat transfer, what happens to the heat transfer per unit time when the D. Thermal radiography
thermal conductivity decreases? 59. Two metals were kept together at room temperature and it was found out that one is
Chapter 13- Heat Transfer Questions colder than the other. Which of the following is the best reason why one metal is colder
61. A body that is hot compared to its surroundings illuminates more energy than it than the other?
receives, while its surrounding absorbs more energy than they give. The heat is transferred A. The heat transfer coefficient of one metal is of higher
from one to another by energy of wave motion. What is this mode of heat transfer? B. One metal is of lower temperature as compared to the other C. One metal is of higher
A.The heat flow will increase temperature as compared to the other
B.The heat flow remains constant D. The thermal conductivity of one metal is high as compared to the
C.The heat flow will decrease other
D.The heat flow will partially increase and then will decrease 60. In convection heat transfer, what happens to the heat transfer coefficient if the viscosity
56. Which of the following is the driving force in heat transfer? of the fluid decreases?
A.Temperature gradient A. The heat transfer coefficient also increases
B.Thickness gradient ABGD
C.Viscosity gradient B. The heat transfer coefficient will decrease
D.Dielectric gradient C.
57. Which of the following is the measure of the relative effectiveness of momentum and The heat transfer coefficient remains constant
energy transport by diffusion in the velocity and thermal boundary layer? D. The heat transfer coefficient partially increases then decreases
A.Nusselt's number 13-10
B.Prandtl number C.
A.Radiation D.Condenser Reheater
B.Conduction 65. What is the process of changing vapor directly to solid phase without passing the liquid
C.Convection state?
DCondensation A.Sublimation B. Vaporization
62. What do you call theoretical body where absorptivity and emissivity are independent of C.Condensing
the wavelength over the spectral region of the irradiation and the surface emission? D. Deposition
Opaque body 66. Which of the following transfer of heat is involved in the changing of boiling water (at
A. 100°C) to vapor at the same temperature?
ABCD A.Conduction
White body B. Convection
B.
C.Black body
D. Transparent body
63. Which of the following is the structure designed to prevent the spread of fire having a
fire resistance rating of not less than four hours?
C. Reynold's number
D.Dimensional measurement
58. Which of the following is the property of the solid that provides the measure of the rate
of heat transfer to the energy storage?
A.Thermal efficiency
B.Thermal diffusivity
A.Fire escape
B.Fire exit
C.Fire shield
D. Fire wall
C:Its temperature increases
D. Its temperature decreases
76. Which of the following has the highest thermal conductivity?
A.Mercury
BGasoline
C. D. C.Water
Radiation Evaporation D.Alcohol
67. At what state particular state where no more heat can be possibly transferred to or B.Pressure
from the body? C.
73. The heat transfer by conduction occurs in which of the following? D.
A. Internal energy Entropy
Only in liquids 71. The true mean temperature difference.is also known as:
B. B.
Only in solids ABGD
C. the average mean temperature difference
Only in liquids and gases the logarithmic mean temperature difference
D. C. the trigonometric mean temperature difference
A.Absolute zero D. the exponential temperature difference
B.Perfect zero 72. Which of the following can be a geometric view factor of a gray body?
C.Freezing point ABGD
D.Pour point Greater than one
68. How do you call a solid form of Carbon dioxide? A.
A.Carbon ice B.Less than one
B.Dry ice C.Equal to one
C.White ice D.Greater than zero but less than one
D.Insoluble ice 77. The rate at which an object radiates electromagnetic energy does not depend on which
BGD of the following?
69. Which of the following is the science of low temperatures? A. Surface area
A. Cryogenics B. Temperature
B.Thermo-kinetics C.Mass
C. Thermodynamics D. Capacity absorb radiation
D.Ergonomics 78. Which of the following is the requirement of the temperature of a body for it to emit
70. Which of the following thermal state of the body considered as reference to radiation?
communicate heat to the other bodies? A. Above zero Celsius
A. Temperature B. Above zero Kevin
In solids, liquids and gases C. Above of the temperature of the surroundings
74. Which of the following reasons why one gram of steam at 100°C causes more serious D. High enough for it to glow
burn than 1 gram of water at 100°C? Which of the following is the color of iron when it is heated to a highest temperature?
ABCD A. White
A. 13-12
B. 13-13
C.
D.Steam is less dense than boiling water
The steam has higher specific heat
Steam contains more internal energy
Steam is everywhere thus it strikes greater force
75. What usually happens when vapor condenses into liquid?
A. It absorbs heat
B.It rejects heat
D.
Radiation Evaporation
85. What usually happens to the surrounding when water vap condenses?
A.
ABC
B. C. It warms the surrounding
Red Orange B. The surrounding temperature decreases
D. Yellow C.
30. Which of the following is the reason why metals are good conductors of heat? It neither warm nor cold the surrounding
Chapter 13- Heat Transfer Questions 87. Which of the following is not a good conductor of heat?
D. The surroundings will be dehumidified A.
86. The rate of radiation does not depend on which of the following? Metals
A. Temperature of the radiating body B. Rocks
C.
B. The emissivity of the radiation surface ABCD
D.
C.The area of the radiating body Glass Asbestos
D.The thickness of the radiating body 88. Which of the following is not a unit of the rate of heat transfer?
A.Metals contain free electrons A.
B.Metals have atoms the frequently collide one another Watt
C.Metals have reflecting surfaces B.
D. Atoms in metals are very far to each other Btu per hour
81. The rate at which heat flows through a slab of some material does not depend on which C.
of the following? Cal/s
A. The thickness of the slab D. Btu/Hp-hr
B. The area of the slab 89. The thermal conductivity does not depend on which of the following?
C.The temperature difference between two faces A.
D. The specific heat of the material Chemical composition
82. Which of the following is the primary function of a thermal radiator? B. Physical state or texture
A. To transferring the heat by using moving fluids C: Temperature and pressure
B. To transfer heat from hot to cold body by using a forced-draft fan To transfer heat by D. Gravitational pull
allowing molecules to vibrate one to another D. To transfer heat with or without a medium jo. In Maxwell's theory for thermal conductivity of gases and vapors, which of the following
C. is the value of "a" for triatomic gases?
83. What is the reason why styrofoam is a good insulating material? A. 1.7
Styrofoam is a white object B. 2.4 C. 1.3
A. D. 2.4
Because it contains many tiny pockets of air 91. Which of the following conductivities where Sutherland equation is used?
B. A. Thermal conductivities of solids
C. B. Thermal conductivities of gases
D. C. Thermal conductivities of metal D. Thermal conductivities of liquids
The structure of styrofoam is very unstable and heat cannot flow Styrofoam structure is
very dense
84. Which of the following is the heat transfer that is due to density. differential?
ABGD
A.
Conduction
B.
Convection
C.
92. For pure metals, what happens to the thermal conductivity if the temperature is Styrofoam
extremely high? 95. Which of the following is not a heat exchanger?
Approaches infinity ABCD
Decreases except for ferrous metals A.
A. B.
B. Condenser Boilers
C. C.
D. Evaporators
Almost constant except for ferromagnetic materials Increases except for steel D.
Chapter 13 - Heat Transfer Questions Water hammer
98. What device is used to measure the amount of infrared radiation in each portion of a 96. Which of the following heat exchangers where fluid flow in the same direction and both
person's skin that is emitted? are of changing temperatures?
A. Thermograph A. Parallel flow
ÅB0D B. Cross flow
B. ABGD
C. C.
D. Counter flow
Thermometer D. Mixed flow
93. Which of the following liquids that has the highest thermal conductivity? 97. What happens to the thermal conductivity of diatomic gases, if the temperature is
Pyrometer Potentiometer increase?
99. The heat transfer by convection occurs in which of the following? A. The thermal conductivity will also increase
A. B.
Gasoline ABGD
B. The thermal conductivity decreases
Glycerin C.
C. The thermal conductivity remains constant
Water D.
D. The thermal conductivity partially increases then decreases.
Alcohol 13-16
A. ABGD
Only in gases D.
B. A.
Only in liquids Forced convection
C. B.
Only in gases and liquids Natural convection
D. C. Density convection Radial convection
Only in gases and solids
94. If the term 85% magnesia used in insulating materials is magnesia; then, what is the
15% of these materials?
100.In convection heat transfer, what mechanism heat transfer where the fluid moves due
to the decrease in its density caused by increase in temperature?
A.
ABGD
Asbestos
B.
Steel
C.
Water
D.
1.Problem
Chapter 14-Fluid Properties TEST 14
A container has glycerin of mass 600 kg and a volume of 0.476 m3. What is the specific
gravity of the glycerin?
A 1.26
B. 2.14
C. 1.57
D. 3.24
2. Problem
What is the mass density of a liquid whose specific weight is 9000 N/m2
A 976.7 kg/m
B.
876.4 kg/m3
C. 917.43 kg/m3
D. 768.7 kg/m
3. Problem
A liquid compressed in a cylinder has a volume of 1500 cm3 at 1 MN/m2 and a volume of
1495 cm at 2 MN/m2. Determine the bulk modulus of elasticity?
A.
300 MPa
B. 100 MPa
C. 200 MPa
D. 150 MPa
4. Problem
The Bulk modulus of water is found to be 2.2 GPa. What is the pressure required to reduce
its volume by 0.3 percent?
A
6.6 MPa
8.
4.7 MPa
C. 7.6 MPa
D. 3.7 MPa
Problem
In a hydraulic press water is subjected to a pressure of 10000 psia at 68°F. If the initial
pressure is 15 psia, what is the percentage decrease in volume considering that the average
bulk modulus of elasticity of water is 365 000 psi for this temperature range?
A. 4.11%
B. 6.72%
C. 3.12%
14-8
14-9
B.3.12 x 10-5 ft2/s
D. C.2.10 x 10 ft2/s
2.74 % D.4.25 x 10-5 ft2/s
6. 9.
EE Board April 1999 13. Problem
A 4.9 ft of water are compressed to 5000 psig. What is the volume decrease if the Estimate the height to which water at 21°C will rise in a capillary tube of diameter 3.05 cm.
temperature is 60°F? Assume the average bulk modulus of elasticity of 311000. Assume it is a clean glass of 0 = 0° and surface tension = 0.0729 N/m.
Chapter 14-Fluid Properties Problem
10. Problem At 20°C a carbon tetrachloride has a viscosity of 0.000967 N.s/m2. if the strain SAE 10 oil at 20°C with absolute(dynamic) viscosity of 0.0017 lb-s/ft2 is sheared between
rate of this fluid is 5000/s, determine the shear stress of the fluid. two parallel plates 0.02 in apart with the lower fixed and the upper plate moving at 15 ft/s.
A.4.84 Pa Compute the shear stress in the
B.1.34 Pa oil.
C.5.34 Pa A.15.3 lb/ft2
A.0.089 ft3 B.24.7 lb/ft2
B.0.079 ft3 C.16.3 lb/ft2
C.0.099 ft3 D. 12.3 lb/ft2
D.0.069 ft3 ABCD
7. A.9.75 mm
B. B.5.56 mm
Problem C.7.35 mm
Water has its viscosity at 68°F equal to 0.01008 poise, what is its absolute viscosity in D. 8.67 mm
pound - seconds per square foot? $14. Problem
A.2.11 x 10-5 A solid material in a cube shape floats in oil of density 800 kg/m3 with one-third of the
B.3.12 x 10-8 block out of the oil. What is the buoyant force on the cube whose edge is 0.75 cm?
C.1.22 x 10-7 14-10
D. 4.13 x 10-7 A. 2.207 x 103 N
Problem B. 1.255 x 103 N
At 68°F water has a dynamic viscosity of about 2.11 x 105 lb-s / ft2 which of the following is C. 2.581 x 10-3 N
the kinematic viscosity (in ft/s) of water whose specific gravity is 0.998 at this temperature? D: 3.012 x 10-3 N
(Note: Ywater = 62.4 lb/ft3 at normal condition)
D. 3.00 Pa
11. Problem
A small drop of water at 80°F is in contact with the air and has a diameter of 0.0100 in.
What is the value of the surface tension If the pressure within the droplet if 0.082 psig
greater than the atmosphere?
ABCD
A.0.00492 lb/ft
B.0.00578 lb/ft
C.0.00246 lb/ft
D. 0.00676 lb/ft
12. Problem
The surface tension of water is 0.07 N/m. Find the weight of water supported by surface
tension in a capillary tube with radius of 0.10 mm.
A.44 AN
B.35 HN
C.54 UN
D.57 AN
A.1.09 x 10-5 ft2/s
BGD
15. Problem C.
A block of wood that weighs 71.2 N and of specific gravity 0.72 is tied by a string to the 7.0 cm
bottom of a tank of water in order to have the block totally immersed. Determine the D.
tension in the string. 6.0 cm
A. A.
23.73 N 2,943 kN, 208.25 kg
B. B.
94.93 N 1,576 kN, 307.35 kg
C. C.
47.72 N 3.421 kN, 435.25 kg
D. 50.25 N D. 2,567 kN, 302.45 kg
D. 0.29 21. Problem
20. Problem A block of wood floats in water with 7 inches projecting above the water surface. It is then
Chapter 14-Fluid Properties placed in alcohol of sp. gr. 0.82, and projected 4 in. above the surface. What is the sp. gr. of
A hollow plastic sphere is held below the surface of a fresh water lake by a cable anchored the block?
to the bottom of the lake. The sphere has a volume of 0.300 m3, and the tension on the A.
cable is 900 N. Calculate the buoyant force exerted by the water on the sphere, and the 0.68 B. 0.66
mass of the sphere. C. 0.98
16. EE Board October 1990 D. 0.73
A cylindrical wooden buoy of height 3 m and mass 80 kg, floats vertically in water. If its 22. Problem
specific gravity is 0.8, how much will it be depressed when a body of mass 10 kg is placed An ore sample weighs 15 N in air. When the sample is suspended by light chord and totally
on its upper surface? immersed in water, the tension in the cord is 10.80 N. Find the total volume of the sample.
A. A. 4 x 104 m3
0.30 m B.
B. 5.67 x 10 m3
0.35 m C. 3.45 x 10 m3
C. 0.40 m D. 4.28 x 10 m3
D. 0.45 m 23. Problem
17. Problem What is the specific gravity of a solid sphere that has a radius of 15 mm and a mass of 0.038
A mercury barometer stands 762 mm. A gas bubble, whose volume is 33 cm3 when it is at kg?
the bottom of the lake 45.7 m deep rises to the surface. Compute the volume at the surface A. 3.145
of the lake. B. 2.157
A. C 3.123
178 cm3 19. Problem
B. The density of ice is 917 kg/m3, and the approximate density of sea water in which an
520 cm3 iceberg floats is 1025 kg/m3. What fraction of iceberg is beneath the water surface?
C. D. 2.687
258 cm3 A.
ABGD 0.89
D. 320 cm3 B.
18. EE Board April 1999 0.45
A cylindrical tank having a diameter of 1.5 m and a height 4 m is open- at one at end and C. 0.71
closed at the other end. It is placed below the water surface with its open end down. How
deep below the surface should the tank be placed if the depth of the water inside the tank
is 1.8 m?
A.
5.90 cm
B.
6.25 cm 24. Problem
A piece of cork has a specific gravity of 0.25 and weighs 4 lb in air. If he weight density of 0.25 ft
water is 62.4 lb/ft3. Compute the volume of the cork. D. 0.75 ft
Chapter 14-Fluid Properties 27. Problem
29. Problem An atomizer forms water droplets with a diameter of 5 x 105 m. Determine the An iceberg has a specific weight of 9000 N/m3 in ocean water, which has a specific weight
excess pressure exists in the interior of these droplets considering that water is at 30°C. of 10000 N/m3. Above the water surface, it was observed that a volume of 2800 m3 of the
A. iceberg protruded. Determine the volume of the ice berg below the free surface of the
0.28 ft3 ocean.
B. ABGD
0.26 ft3 A.
C. 23000 m3
0.24 ft3 B.
D. 15000 m3
0.38 ft3 C.
A. 35000 m3
5696 Pa D. 25000 m3
B. 28. Problem
6596 Pa Determine the pressure at a point 10 m below the free surface in a fluid that has a variable
C. density in kilograms per cubic meter given by p= 450+ ah, in which a 12 kg/m and h is the
6589 Pa distance in meter measured from the free surface.
25. Problem ABGD
One of King Hiero's crowns was found to have weight 13 N in air. What is its specific gravity A.
if Achimedes found it weighing 11.8 N in water? 30 030 kN/m2
A. B.
11.23 40 040 kN/m2
ABCD C.
B. 10.83 30 050 kN/m2
C. 12.43 D.
D. 14.72 50 030 kN/m2
26. Problem
A cube is 1.25 ft on each side floats in water. If the specific gravity of the cube is 0.60, what
is the submerged depth of the cube?
D. 7687 Pa
30. Problem
Compute the capillary rise in the tube of radius 1 mm for a mercury air glass interface with
0 = 130° considering that the temperature is 20°C. Note: σ = 0.028 N/m and p = 1000
kg/m3.
A.
14.8 mm
B.
12.2 mm
C.
15.8 mm
D.
11.38 mm
A.
0.55 ft
B.
0.45 ft
C.
22 in.
C.
TEST IS 12 in.
A D.
44.2 psi B. 42.7 psi 9.8 in.
C. 8.
24.5 psi 3. Problem
Chapter 15-Fluid Mechanics-Statics 4.
5. An atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kPa will be supported by how much height of water?
2. A. 10.32 m
Problem ABGD
At a height of 10,000 m (33,000 ft) above the sea level, atmospheric pressure is about 210 15.42 m
mm of Hg. What is the resultant normal force on a 600 cm2 window of an airplane flying at 13.23 m D. 15.45 m
this height when the hydrostatic conditions and a pressure inside the plane of 760 mm of Problem
mercury and density of mercury is 13,600 kg/m3? An atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kPa will be supported by how much height of mercury
A. 4.403 KN (s.g.
B. A.
5.721 KN 0.56 m
C B.
3.407 KN 0.66 m
D. 2.741 KN C.
Problem 0.76 m
A barrel contains a 0.150 layer of oil floating on water that is 0.30 mm deep. If the density 13.6)?
of the oil is 600 kg/m3, what is the pressure (gage) at the oil-water interface? Problem
D. 17.6 psi How far below the water surface should a vertical square 1 m on a side with two sides
6. Problem horizontal to be immersed so that the center of pressure will be 70 mm below the center of
How high does mercury barometer stands on a day when atmospheric pressure is 98.6 kPa gravity?
considering that the specific gravity of mercury is 13.67 A
A 739 mm 0.69 m
B. B.
760 mm C. 400 mm 0.57 m
D. C.
540 mm 0.72 m
7. Problem D.
A rigid container is closed at one end and measures 8 in. diameter by 12 in. long. The 0.78 m
container is held vertically and is slowly moved downward until the pressure in the 9. Problem
container is 15.5 psia. What will be the depth of the water surface measure from the free A 0.50 m diameter window has its center three meters below the water surface. Determine
water surface? the force acting on the window considering the window is submerged vertically.
A. A. 5.8 kN
883 Pa 5.
B. D. 0.86 m
900 Pa Problem
C. A hydraulic lift is to be used to lift a truck weighing 5000 lb. What is the pressure (gage)
742 Pa must be applied to the oil if the diameter of the large piston is 12 in.?
D. B.
924 Pa 3.8 kN
A. C. 2.9 KN
9.2 in. D. 4.8 KN
8.
10. Problem A.
A vertical sliding gate is being submerged in a 10-meter water. The gate is 5 m wide and 9 m 251 in.
high and weighs 50 kN. What vertical force is needed to just lift this gate considering that B.
the coefficient of friction between the guides and edges is 0.25? (Note: Neglect buoyant 151 in.
force) C.
A. 675 KN 215 in.
Chapter 15-Fluid Mechanics-Statics D.
14. Problem There are two fluids in an open end manometer. Fluid 1 is glycerin (12.4 186 in.
kN/m3) and fluid 2 is carbon tetrachloride (15.57 kN/m). If the open end is exposed to the 16. Problem
atmosphere at 101.325 kPa, what is the absolute pressure at the closed end of the In a hydraulic press the large piston has a cross-sectional area A1 = 200 cm2 and the small
manometer if it is occupied by fluid 1? piston has a cross-section area A= 5 cm2. If the force applied is 250 N to the small piston.
A 107.6 kPa Compute the force acting on the large piston.
B. 13. Problem
657 kN What is the reading of heighth of the manometer shown if the liquid is keresone with
C. 765 KN specific gravity of 0.83 and pressure at A is 30 kPa suction?
D. 756 KN A.
13. Problem 4.356 m
A gate AB (shown) in the figure is 6 ft wide, hinged at point A, and restrained by a stop at B.
point B. What is the force on the stop? 3.684 m
A.5478 lb C.
B.7896 lb 2.145 m
C.6490 lb D. 1.792 m
D.9890 lb 15-8
12. Problem A
6 ft 20 KN
8 ft B.
10 t 21 kN
6 ft C.
cg. 8 12 KN
B. D.
124.25 kPa 10 KN
C. 17. Problem
104.7 kPa To what height will 68°F ethyl alcohol rise in a 0.005 in internal diameter glass capillary
D. tube? The density of the alcohol is 49 lb/ft Note: a= 0.00156 lb/ft and ẞ=0°.
176.26 kPa P0kPag
15. Problem A
In the shown figure liquid A weighs 53.5 lb/ft and liquid B weighs 78.8 lb/ft. A manometer 4.37 in.
liquid N is mercury. If the pressure at B is 30 psi, find the B.
pressure at A. 3.67 in.
A. 16.2 psi C.
C.21.2 psi 3.87 in.
B15.7 psi D.
D.12.7 psi 1.47 in.
1.3 ft
6.58
10t
The fluid in a manometer tube is 60% water and 40% alcohol (S.G. = 0.8). What is the
manometer fluid height difference if a 6.2 psi pressure is applied across the two ends of a
manometer?
An ice berg has a density of 57.1 lb/ft. If it floats fresh water, what percent of the iceberg's
18. Problem volume will be visible?
A vacuum pump is used to drain a flooded mine shaft of 69°F water.. The vapor pressure of A.
water at this temperature is 0.34 psi. The pump is incapable of lifting the water higher than 10.5%
400 inches. What is the atmospheric pressure? 8. 7.5%
A. 14.78 psi C. 8.5%
23. EE Board April 2001 D. 5.5%
Chapter 15-Fluid Mechanics-Staties 22. EE Board April 2001
A 2000-lb satellite with an average density of 27 lb/ft is in orbit where the local If the atmospheric air 14.7 psia and 60°F at sea level, what is the pressure at 12000 ft
acceleration due to gravity is 30.6 ft/s. If the density of the atmosphere is 0.011 lbm/ft, altitude if the air is compressed isothermally?
what is the buoyant force of the satellite? A. 19.54 psia
A. 0.774 lbf C. 58.3
B. D. 43.3
17.67 psi 25. EE Board April 2001
C. What is the pressure of 8000 ft below the ocean surface?
12.45 psi A
D. 514,176 lb/ft
13.27 psi B.
19. Problem 321,000 lb/ft2
The pressure at the bottom of a tank of water (p = 62.4 lb/ft3) is measured with a mercury C. 312,000 lb/ft
manometer. The density of mercury is 848 b/ft. What is the gage pressure at the bottom of D. 548,000 lb/ft2
the water tank? Note: (h, 120 in, and h2 = 17 in.) 26. EE Board April 2001, EE Board September 2003 A water-tight, cubical, 12 inches outside
B. dimensions, is made from inch iron plate. If SG= 7.7 for the iron, will the box float?
0.874 lbf A. The box sink
C. B. The box will not float
0.576 lbf C. The iron will float D. The box will float
D. 0.234 lbf 27. EE Board April 2003
24. EE Board September 2002 Calculate the pressure at a depth of 100 meters in seawater, for which the specific weight is
What is the sea level (g = 32.2 ft/s) specific weight (lb/ft3) of liquid with density of 58.3 10.1 kN/m3.
lb/ft 7 A. 1212 kPa
A 64.3 'B. 1414 kPa C. 1616 kPa D. 1010 kPa
B. 25.3 B.
A 9.53 psia
4.01 psig C.
B. 2.07 psig 19.63 psia
C. D.
3,07 psig 11.64 psia
D. 1.07 psig 15-10
20. Problem 15-11
The density of water is typically taken to be 62.4 lbm/ft for engineering problems where
greater accuracy is not required. What is the value is slugs/ft3?
A.
1.24 slugs/ft
B.
2.04 slugs/ft
C.
1.94 slugs/ft
D. 3.24 slugs/ft
A 0.064 kg of octane vapor (MW 114) is mixed with 0.91 kg of air (MW 29.0) in the manifold
of an engine. The total pressure in the manifold is 86.1 kPa, and a temperature is 290 K.
Assume octane behaves ideally. What is the partial pressure of the air in the mixture in
kPa?
A. 1500 ft
B.
1550 ft
C.
1600 ft
Chapter 15-Fluid Mechanics-Staties
SOLUTION TO TEST IS
R = Fat-Fow where:
Foutward piggh, A
then;
RPgA(h-ha)
Finward prgh A
D. 1650 ft
A scuba diver at a depth of 200 feet notices the bubbles he exhales have diameters of 1⁄2
inch. Assume the surface tension and water temperature remains relatively constant. What
is the depth if the diameter is % inch?
A
46.8 psi
B.
48.6 psi
C.
84.6 psi
D.
64.8 psi
At STP the density of chlorine is 3.22 kg/m3. What is the weigh of this gas is contained in a
flask of 100 cubic centimeter at 24°C and 100. kPa?
A.
0.563 g
B.
0.420 g
C.
0.292 g
D.
0.321 g

General Equation For Tberkody

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General Equation For Tberkody

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GENERAL EQUATION FOR TBERKODY'NAMIC CURVES·: b.

Process 4 - 1: lsentropic Compression

Analysis of Carnot Cycle z

a. Heat Added (OA)

1 - 2 ; isentropic expansion in the turbine

2 - 3 : Constant pressure rejection of heat in the condenser·

4 - 1 : Constant pressure addition of heat in the boiler

1. Heat added in the boiler, Qa

2. OTTO CYCLE (Gasoline cycle)

Process 1 – 2: Isentropic Compression

c. Net Work or Work Done

BRAYTON CYCLE (Gas Turbine)

Process 1 – 2: Isentropic Compression

c. Net Work Done

REVERSED CARNOT CYCLE (REFRIGERATION CYCLE)

3. Heat Added in the Combustor

4. PV and T relations in Isentropic turbine Process 1 – 2: Isentropic Compression

Analysis of reversed Carnot cycle

6. Net Turbine Work

2. EE Board April 2003

26. Problem 32. Problem

36. Problem 41. Problem

37. EE Board April 1996

38. EE Board October 1995

52. Problem 57. Problem

2. EE Board October 1999

3. EE Board October 1999

4. EE Board March 1998

5.EE Board March 1998

6.EE Board March 1998

11. EE Board April 1996

10. EE Board April 1997

8. EE Board April 1997

29. What is the entropy of a pure substance at a temperature of absolute zero?

30. What is the area under the curve on a temperature-entropy diagram:

57. Ericson cycle has:

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

The Thermal Conductivity of Cases and Vapors

The Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Materials of Varying Temperatures

Low Temperature Materials:

Asbestos is a silicate mineral having the characteristic properties of fibrous

10. Problem A.132°F

14. Problem 16. Problem

99. EE Board April 1997

100.EE Board April 1997

11. In natural convection a heated portion of a fluids moves because:

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