Practice.

Fill in the blanks with and / but / or / yet / so:

I have a notebook with me due to the slow Internet connection I can't send you an e-mail.

1. To help the environment, we need to change the way we think behave.

2. People were throwing a lot of rubbish on the street the government decided to impose a heavy
fine on littering.

3. My hometown is very small: it has no university college.

4. Laure claims to lead a healthy lifestyle she smokes every day!

5. A lot of people use steroids to build muscle I prefer traditional training.

6. In order to reduce traffic jams, more roads should be built more underground stations should be
opened.

7. He didn't know whether he wanted to be a scientist a physician.

8. Vegetarians don't eat meat they get their protein from other foods.

Practice. Choose the correct word from the list:

10. I equally like cats dogs.

11. The amount of pollution was steadily decreasing during 10 years

then it rose sharply by 200%!

12. The number of people reaching the age of 80 more increased.

13. I enjoy playing tennis I don't really like watching it.

14. Noah has bought a car he prefers to travel by bus.

15. We can go to the café after we can see a movie.

Functions of conjunctions:

And - to join two similar ideas:

 My favourite fruits are apples and oranges. (you like both of them)

 I'm against crime and violence in media.

But - to contrast:

 I eat apples, but I don't eat oranges. They are too sour for me. (apples - positive, oranges - negative)

 The number of electric cars showed a steady growth during 2005-2010, but then it suddenly decreased in
2011.

Or - to give an alternative:

 Would like some water or juice? (you choose only one of them)

 In my opinion, if children play computer games or watch TV instead of reading books, they will grow
small-minded.

Or is also used to join two negative ideas (There was no laptops or phones in Medieval Ages).

So - to show a result of something:

 He was very thirsty, so he drank a lot of water. (thirsty → drank a lot of water)

 Higher education is often expensive, so many students work while studying.

Yet - contrast, despite something (=but still) :

 Some people complain about social networks, yet continue to use them.

 He's overweight, yet he eats a lot of fast food.

Practice. Complete sentences using a correct auxiliary verb (if needed): to do; to be; to have

I totally agree with you.

1. What your mother tell you yesterday?

2. Why people believe in aliens?

3. I been to a theatre this week.

4. she talking on the phone right now?

5. you love snakes?

6. Where he going?

7. Where you been? I been waiting here for ages!

8. When you going to renew your drivers license?

9. worry, everything will be alright!

Choose the correct options:

11. I ....... agree with this idea

am not

do not

am

have

12. ....... you going to the cinema today?

Do

Were

Have

Are

13. Sandy has a very strange hairstyle, but she ....... care what people think.

isn't

don't

didn't

doesn't
14. Why ....... he leave the party last night?

has

does

did

didn't

15. ....... you studying here?

Are

Do

Do are

Is
Do, be and have are called auxiliary verbs. In other words, they help us to change the main verb.

Do is used with the infinitive to make

1. questions:

o Do you agree? (Not are you agree.)

o Why does he think so?

o Did you write a message to me?

2. negatives:

o I don’t agree with this statement.

o I didn’t find you at the party last night.

Do can also be used to make an emphasis:

 I do think that animals should be protected (= I really think ...)

Be is used with -ing verbs to make the continuous tenses:

 Sam is drinking tea.

 I was walking along the road, when a heavy rain started to fall.

Have is used with the past participle to make the perfect tenses:

 I have never been to Sydney.

 Has Sam already prepared the dinner?

Avoid these common mistakes:

o The auxiliary verb must agree with the main verb:

Does your boyfriend smoke? (Not Do your boyfriend smoke?)
Did you see the film yesterday? (Not Do you see the film yesterday?)

o Don't use do in the questions or negatives if another auxiliary verb is used:

Are you working today? (Not Do you are working)

Practice. Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D in each sentence:

1. I was suffering ___ this cold for several weeks.

A. on

B. from

C. out

D. in

2. You shouldn't depend ___ him too much.

A. on

B. in

C. at

D. of

3. My dog died ___ cancer last year.

A. over

B. of

C. at

D. off

4. You should believe ___ yourself no matter what.

A. in

B. on

C. at

D. over

5. I don't know how to deal ___ all the stress.

 A. about

B. from

C. with

D. for

6. This book consists ___ 190 pages.

A. about

B. on

C. of

D. in

7. My parents do not approve ___ my behaviour later.

A. at

B. in

C. about

D. of

8. We thought for a long time and finally decided ___ this purchase.

A. of

B. against

C. to

D. on

9. My neighbour was very loud last night. I am going to talk to him today and complain ___ it.
 A. about

B. for

C. off

D. on

10. You should be ___ when I'll come home. I have a present for you.

A. at

B. on

C. in

D. around

11. This song reminds me ___ you.

A. off

B. of

C. on

D. over

12. My friends insist ___ going to the cinema tomorrow.

A. at

B. about

C. of

D. on

13. You shouldn't worry ___ your exam. Im sure you'll get an A.
 A. at

B. about

C. on

D. of

14. If the rain continues, we'll have to call ___ the game.

A. of

B. on

C. off

D. in

15. You grandma is sick, you'll need to look ___ her.

A. at

B. on

C. about

D. after

16. I have an important information that I would like to discuss ___ you.

A. to

B. with

C. on

D. at

17. Do you care ___ playing football? Yes, I like football very much.
 A. about

B. after

C. over

D. for

18. It is dangerous here, you should keep ___ .

A. off

B. of

C. around

D. from

19. He picked up my notebook and glanced ___ it.

A. it

B. over

C. on

D. from

20. Don't hold anger ___ Jim. He is a good guy, you should forgive him.

A. at

B. against

C. about

D. over
In this part you'll be able to learn all the necessary prepositions that you might need.

The next table gives use verbs with prepositions that you should know. Note that some verbs can be used with
different preposition. But the meaning may or may not change, too!

Verbs with specified prepositions

about against at for in from off on

agree decide laugh stand believe keep bite carry

care warn rejoice vote call stop call depend
complain turn smile call keep suffer get go
forget hold look wait fall refrain keep keep
talk go frown apologize jump protect pass move
think protest aim care break recover put base
worry react work apply put save work
dream insure run prepare stay distract
boast fight jump ask dress differ
protest keep fight

Verbs with specified prepositions

to of after out between over with

hope approve look balance choose look agree

wish die be named ask distinguish glance argue
refer accuse make come get deal
respond remind go carry provide
consist chase fight
compare
charge
share

While some phrases with preposition are very common (I agree with you. We talked about this yesterday), others
are much rarer (All the water drained out of the container. We need to carry out the instruction carefully).

Be careful when you use a verb that can be used with multiple different prepositions. The meaning will sometimes
be different as well. For example, we use laugh at when we're talking about someone BUT we use laugh
about when we're referring to something.

The best way to learn all preposition and their correct usage is to listen to native English speakers/read English
literature and practise a lot. Only then you'll be able understand all the differences in the use and be able to use
prepositions properly.