Heat

presented by: Kiara Bati & Raven Cawicaan

Report in Science 7
Heat
Heat is a form of energy which, just like any
energy, can be converted to work. This is why the
unit for heat is the same as unit for work: Joules,
foot-pounds, Newton-meter, BTU, calories,
kilowatt-hours, and more. Heat is an energy that
is transferred from one hotter body to another
cooler body. The transfer of heat is caused by a
difference in temperature. The basic rule is "Heat
transfer from a hotter body to a cooler body."
There is a saying which goes, "Hot air rises." This is
only true for the heat transfer by convection, but
not for other heat transfers.

The effect of this heat transfer is the colder body

becomes hot and the hotter body becomes cold,
but not always.
 01. Conduction

Heat Transfer 02. Convection

Heat can be transferred in three ways:

03. Radiation
Conduction
Have you ever tried cooking? What do you notice on the
handle of each cooking pot or pan? There is a different
material that coats the handle. Usually there are materials that
do not heat easily. They are called insulators. These materials
prevent the heat from conducting through the handle so that
you can hold it with your bare hands. In the absence of these
insulators, a potholder, or a rag is used so that your hands will
not get scorched
 Convection
Heat transfer by convection is achieved by the actual motion of the
medium such as heated fluid (liquid or gas). When a fluid is heated,
it expands and becomes less dense and lighter, so it rises. The heated
medium moves away from the source of heat, carrying heat energy
with it. In the heating activity at the start of this chapter, you noticed
that when mongo was placed in water and heated, the mongo seeds
moved upward with the heated water. As soon as heated water
reaches the top, it replaces the cool water and the mongo drops
down with the cool water, which is denser. Continuous heating
produces convection current.
 Radiation
Radiation is a process by which heat energy is transferred by
electromagnetic waves mainly in the infrared region. There is no need
for a medium of transmission.
This is emitted by a body as a consequence of thermal agitation of the
molecules that composes it. This is known as thermal radiation. This
transfer can be described by reference to the black body. Radiation can
best be described by reference to a black body.
2 examples of Radiation:
1. X-rays: These are a type of invisible energy that can pass through soft tissues in
the body but are blocked by denser materials like bones. Doctors use X-rays to see
inside the body and diagnose broken bones or find other health problems.
2. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation: UV radiation comes from the sun and is what makes
our skin tan or burn. Too much UV exposure can harm our skin and even cause skin
cancer. That's why it's important to wear sunscreen when we're outside in the sun for a
long time.
Electricity
Electricity is the flow of electric charges on a conductor. It is
a basic part of nature and one of the most widely used forms
of energy.

Now, imagine. Life without electricity. When you experience

brownout, you realize it’s difficult to live—dark, hot, no music,
and no TV. You cannot charge your cellphone and no internet
access to social medias. We must know the importance of
Electricity too before we hop right into the discussion!
Electricity
Electricity is a secondary form of energy. Why? Because it is
produced by converting primary sources of energy such as
wind, solar, water, coal, and nuclear energy into electrical
power. Electricity is also an energy carrier because it can be
converted into other forms as light, sound, mechanical, or
heat energy.

We have to thank Benjamin Franklin, who first demonstrated

that lightning is electricity; Thomas Alva Edison, who
invented the first incandescent light bulb; and Nikola Tesla,
who pioneered the generation, transmission, and distribution
of electricity to the homes.
Electricity
There are two types of electricity. Static electricity is
produced by rubbing together two different materials.
Electrical charges then build up on the surface of the material.
This is caused by the jumping of electrons from one material to
another rendering one negatively charged and the other
positively charged.

Current electricity is the flow of electric charges across an

electrical field. Unlike static electricity, current electricity flows
through a conductor, like copper wire.It is similar to a river
that flows from one spot to the other.
Charges
Electricity involves charges, which are tiny particles found in
atoms, the building blocks of everything around us. These
charges come in two types: positive and negative. When
there's an imbalance of these charges, electricity flows.
Imagine them like tiny teams – one with a plus sign and the
other with a minus sign. When they're balanced, everything is
calm, but when there's more of one team than the other, they
start moving, creating electricity. This movement of charges is
what powers our devices and lights up our homes.
Thank you for
listening!