Narayana Sri Chaitanya IIT Academy

(SRI SARVANI EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY)

COMMON CENTRAL OFFICE-MADHAPUR-HYDERABAD

PHASE-II
Sec: SENIORS Date: 17-
10-2022

TOPIC: ELLIPSE&HYPERBOLA SUB:

MATHS
Name of the Student: ___________________ I.D. NO:

PREPARED BY: Mr.srinivas synopsis

ELLIPSE-Synopsis-final
1). An ellipse is the locus of a point in a plane which moves in the plane in such a way that the
ratio of its distance from a fixed point (called focus) in the same plane to its distances from a
fixed straight line (called directrix) is always constant which is always less than unity.
(fixed ratio is eccentricity which is denoted by “e”)

2). General second degree equation represents ellipse if

and
3).

( ) ( )
Equation of the major axis Y=0 X=0
Equation of the minor axis X=0 Y=0
Centre (0,0) (0,0)
Length of the major axis 2a 2b
Length of the minor axis 2b 2a
 Coordinates of the foci
Equation of the directrix

Length of the latus rectum

Coordinates of the end points

of the latus rectum

Eccentricity

Coordinates of the vertices

Focal distance

quation of ellipse, when focus S (a, b) and directrix and its eccentricity “e”
4). E

isgiven by
Check whether coefficient of x and y is 1

5). Equation of ellipse

i.e. Equation of the minor axis is and equation of the major axis is
& Length of major axis 2p and length of minor axis is 2q then equation of the

ellipse is .
Not mentioned to make it look difficult.
If equation contains xy term,it can be tilted ellipse.

Standard Locus:
6). An ellipse is the locus of a point, which moves in a plane, such a way that the sum of its
distances from two fixed points in the same plane, is constant (greater than, the distance
between the two fixed points). (If locus of P is a
line segment AB and k <AB, no such P exists)
(Here the two points A and B are foci SS’ =2ae, PS + PS’ = 2a)

Position of a point with respect to ellipse:

7). lies outside, on or inside the ellipse if

Eccentric angle:

8). General point on ellipse is

 ). Equation of the chord, joining the points and on the ellipse
9

, is

). Focal chord, joining the points and , then

10

- for (+ae,0) and + for (-ae,0)

13). PSQ is a focal chord drawn to the ellipse then

(i. e. Harmonic mean of the segments of focal chord semi latus rectum).

14). AB and CD are the chords of the ellipse and if the points A,B,C,D are concyclic
points, then sum of eccentric angles of the points is

Equation of Tangent:

15a). The line touches the ellipse

15b). The line touches the ellipse at the points

15c). Condition for the line , to intersect the ellipse ,at two distinct points is

15d). Condition for the line does not intersect or touch the ellipse

16a). Equation of the tangent at drawn to the ellipse at is

(Slope = )

16b). Equation of the tangent drawn to the ellipse at is

(Slope =

16c). Equation of the tangent drawn to the ellipse is

17). Point of intersection of tangents, drawn to the ellipse, at

is

18). Product of the perpendiculars, calculated from the foci upon any tangent

to the ellipse is (i.e, square of length of semi minor axes)

19). Tangents at the extremities of latus rectum, of an ellipse intersect, on the

Corresponding directrix,

20). The portion of the tangent at P to the ellipse , intercepted between

the curve and the directrix subtends, a right angle at the corresponding focus (S)
(where Q is the point of intersection of tangent with corresponding directrix).

21). Director circle: Locus of the point of intersection of tangents to the ellipse ,
which are perpendicular to each other, is director circle. i.e.

Normal:

22a). Equation of normal to at

22b). Equation of normal to at is a

22c). Equation of normal drawn to the ellipse at is

22d). Condition for the line is to be normal to the ellipse is

Reflection:
24b). A light ray emanating from one focus after meeting one concave side of ellipse will be
reflecting through the other focus

24c). If SM and S’M’ are perpendiculars from the foci S, S’ respectively, upon a tangent to the
ellipse, then CM and CM’ are parallel to S’P & SP respectively.

25. Equation of chord whose midpoint is given:

Equation of a chord which is bisected at is

Equation of chord of contact:

26) Equation of chord of contact of tangents drawn to the ellipse from the point

is

HYPERBOLA-SYNOPSIS
1). An Hyperbola, is the locus of a point in a plane which moves in the plane in such a way that
the ratio of its distance from a fixed point (called focus) in the same plane to its distances from a
fixed straight line (called directrix) is always constant which is always greater than unity. (fixed
ratio is eccentricity which is denoted by “e”)

2). General second degree equation represents hyperbola, if

and , and if additionally a+b=0 then rectangular hyperbola

3).

Conjugate hyperbola of

is
Equation of the transverse Y=0 X=0
axis
Equation of the conjugate X=0 Y=0
axis
Centre (0,0) (0,0)
Length of the transverse 2a 2b
axis
Length of the conjugate 2b 2a
axis
Coordinates of the foci
Equation of the directrix

Length of the latus rectum

Coordinates of the end

points of the latus rectum
 Eccentricity

Coordinates of the vertices

Focal distance
Parametric coordinates
, ,
(or)

4). Equation of hyperbola, whose focus is at S(a, b) and the equation of directrix is

and its eccentricity “e” is given by

5). Equation of hyperbola can also be given by

i.e. Equation of the conjugate axis, is and equation of the transverse axis is
& Length of transverse axis 2p and length of conjugate axis is 2q then equation

of the hyperbola, is .

Some standard locus

6). A Hyperbola, is the locus of a point, which moves in a plane, such a way that the absolute
difference of its distances from two fixed points A and B in the same plane, is constant (greater
than, the distance between the two fixed points).

, then locus of P is a Hyperbola

and if PA-PB = k and k < AB, then locus of P is a branch of Hyperbola)

(If , then locus of P is a pair of rays AP and BP

and if k >AB, no such P exists)

(Here the two points A and B are foci SS’ =2ae, = 2a 2ae > 2a)

7) Hyperbola and Conjugate Hyperbola:

1 1
 1.
e e '2
2

i). If e and e’ are the eccentricities of a hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola then
ii). Two hyperbolas are said to be equal if they have same eccentricity and same latus rectum.
iii). The foci of a hyperbola and foci of its conjugate hyperbola are concyclic and form the vertices
of a square.

8) Position of a point with respect to a Hyperbola:

 Lies inside, outside, on the hyperbola if respectively.
9) Equation of the chord

i). General point on hyperbola is , (or)

ii). Equation of the chord, joining the points and on the

hyperbola , is

iii). Focal chord, joining the points on the Hyperbola and then

iv). If the eccentric angles of the extremities of a focal chord of a Hyperbola are

Then eccentricity of the Hyperbola e=

10) Equation of Tangent:

10a).The line touches the hyperbola then

10b). Condition for the line , to intersect the hyperbola ,at two distinct points
is

10c). Condition for the line does not intersect or touch the hyperbola is

10d). Equation of the tangent drawn to the hyperbola at is

(slope of the tangent = )

10e). Equation of the tangent drawn to the hyperbola at is

slope =

10f). Equation of the tangent drawn to the hyperbola in slope form is

10g). Point of intersection of tangents, drawn to the hyperbola at the points

10h). The line touches the hyperbola at the points

11). Locus of the feet of the perpendiculars, drawn from foci to a tangent drawn to the

hyperbola at any point, is auxiliary circle

12). Product of the perpendicular distances, calculated from foci, to any tangent, drawn to

the hyperbola
x2 y 2
2
 2 1
13). Tangents drawn to the hyperbola a b at two points P and Q whose eccentric angles

are are parallel if

14). Locus of the point of intersection of the perpendicular tangents drawn to the
x2 y 2
2
 2 1
hyperbola a b is director circle. i.e. if a2 > b2
x2 y 2
2
 2 1
The equation of the director circle for the hyperbola a b does not exist, if a2 < b2 (i.e e>

)
x2 y 2
2
 2 1
15). The foci of the hyperbola a b are S and S’ . P and Q are the points of intersection of
tangents at the vertices and tangent at any point R on the hyperbola. Then the points S, S’, P
and Q are concyclic.

17) Normal:

a). Equation of normal to the hyperbola at is

b). Equation of normal to the hyperbola at is

(or)
18) Reflection Property:

a). Tangent and normal at any point P on the Hyperbola , are the bisectors of the

external and internal angles . (G is the point of

intersection normal and the transverse axis)
Image of S’ with respect to the tangent drawn at P, lies on the line SP extended.
b). If an incident ray directed towards one focus (S) strikes the Hyperbola, then the reflected ray
will be directed towards the other focus (S’).

20) Equation of the chord whose mid point is given

Equation of a chord, bisected at a given point to the hyperbola is

21) Equation of chord of contact of tangents,

a). Equation of chord of contact of tangents, drawn to the hyperbola from is

b).The point which bisects every chord of the conic drawn through it is called the centre of the

conic.

c). The chord of contact of tangents through P to the hyperbola subtends a right angle
at the centre thenthe locus of the point P is an ellipse

22) Pair of tangents

Pair of tangent drawn from to is

23) Asymptotes.

a). Equation of the two asymptotes of the hyperbola are

b). Equation of the two asymptotes of the hyperbola are
c). Equation of the two asymptotes of the hyperbola are and

d). Equation of the two asymptotes of the hyperbola are and

e). A hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola, have the same asymptotes.

f). Equation of the pair of asymptotes differ the hyperbola and the conjugate hyperbola by the
same constant only. (i.e. Hyperbola + conjugate hyperbola = 2 Asymptotes).

g). Angle bisectors of the asymptotes are the transverse and conjugate axes of the hyperbola

h). Asymptotes, pass through the centre of the hyperbola

x2 y 2
2
 2 1
i). Asymptotes of the Hyperbola a b are equally inclined to transverse axis of hyperbola
k). The asymptotes of a hyperbola are the diagonals of the rectangle formed by the lines drawn
through the extremities of each axis parallel to the other axis.
l). Equation of the asymptotes of the hyperbola is
2 2
ax  2hxy  by  2 gx  2 fy   0.
(for finding use (or) use that asymptotes pass through centre

of the Hyperbola & centre can be obtained by solving the equations )

m). When asymptotes of a Hyperbola are given as , then the equation of the
Hyperbola is

2
q). The tangent at a point “P” of rectangular hyperbola xy c . meets the asymptotes at “L” and
“M”
and “C” is the centre of the hyperbola, then

24) Rectangular hyperbola.

A Hyperbola whose asymptotes are at right angles to each other is called rectangular Hyperbola

25)
Rectangular hyperbola
Eccentricity Eccentricity
Centre (0,0) Centre (0,0)
Vertex Vertex (C,C)
Focus Focus

Equation of transverse Y=0 Equation of transverse Y=x

axis axis
Equation of conjugate X=0 Equation of conjugate axis Y = -x
axis
Equation of directrix Equation of directrix

End points of the latus End points of the latus

rectum is rectum is
Equation of the tangent Equation of the tangent,
to the hyperbola at drawn to the Hyperbola at

is is
Equation of the tangent Equation of the tangent
to the hyperbola at drawn to the Hyperbola at

is
is
Equation of the normal Equation of the
to the hyperbola at normal, to

is the Hyperbola at is

Equation of the normal Equation of the normal,

to the drawn to the Hyperbola at
hyperbola at

is is

26) Rectangular Hyperbola is converted in the form, by rotating the axes at an angle

, in clock wise direction

( and ( i.e. and )

27). Tangents, drawn to the Hyperbola at the points intersect at

28a). If normal at drawn to the rectangular hyperbola meets again the hyperbola at ,

then

28b). If a triangle ABC, with the vertices A ,B ,C , is inscribed in a

rectangular hyperbola , then the orthocenter of the triangle ABC, is which

lies, on the hyperbola.

29) Circle and rectangular hyperbola:

Circle intersects in four points , , and ,then

a).
b).

c).
d).
30). The circle intersects in four points P, Q, R, S and “C” is the
centre of the rectangular hyperbola then ( r = radius of the circle).

31). The circle intersects in four points then,

a).

y1 y2 y3 y4 1 =
b).
 c
 cti ,  i 1, 2,3, 4
ti 
32). The circle intersects in four points  then

33). The centre of mean position of four points, bisects the distance between the centres of
the circle and rectangular hyperbola.

2
34). Three points A, B, C are taken on the Hyperbola xy c . Then centre of the

circle passing through these points is

35). A circle and a rectangular hyperbola meet in A,B,C,D. If the line AB passes through the
centre of the circle then centre of the hyperbola lie at midpoint of CD

Normals to rectangular hyperbola:

39). Equation of the normal drawn to the hyperbola at is

This passes through the point P(h, k), then
(i.e. a maximum of four normal, can be drawn to from a given point)