Glands Hormones Function

Hypothalamus liberins and plays an important role in controlling body temperature, thirst and hunger, water balance, sexual function,
statins emotional activity, and sleep. The hypothalamus sends hormones through the blood vessels which cause
the pituitary either to release or to inhibit the production of specific hormones.

adrenocorticotropic stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol which is important for regular carbohydrate
hormone metabolism and normal response to any stress;

somatotropin encourages the growth of bones and skeletal muscles and converts proteins into glucose;

prolactin stimulates the secretion of breast milk after childbirth ;

follitropin triggers the development of gametes in the respective sex;

Pituitary їЇ
(hypophysis) thyrotropin activates the thyroid to release hormones;

luteinizing stimulates ovulation in the female and the secretion female and
hormone the secretion of sex hormones (progesterone and testosterone)
in both the female and the male.

E melanocyte- increases the production of melanin in melanocytes causing the darkening of the skin.
stimulating hormone
§

oxytocin stimulates the muscles of the uterus during the delivery and the muscles surrounding the mammary ducts to
release milk.

"÷"
: antidiuretic stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys and increases blood pressure. When more
hormone antidiuretic hormone is secreted, less urine is produced.

Pineal gland melatonin that influences the sleep-wake cycle. The production of melatonin increases during darkness.
(epiphysis)

thyroxine (T4) and increase cell metabolism.

Thyroid gland + triiodothyronine (T3)

parathyroids
+ calcitonin regulate the calcium levels in the blood and tissues.

Thymus thymosin responsible for stimulating the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system.

epinephrine
(adrenaline) both of them are capable of increasing the heart rate, the force of the heart contrac-tion, blood pressure,
Adrenal
medulla vasoconstriction in the skin and viscera, relaxing airway smooth muscles, and assisting in glucose
norepinephrine
metabolism.
(noradrenaline)

cortisol helps to control the body's use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, responds to stress, suppresses
inflammation, and regulates blood pressure.

Adrenal
aldosterone regulates blood volume, blood pressure, and electrolytes;
cortex

estrogen and may contribute to rapid body growth during early puberty.
androgen

Pancreas glucagon response to raise blood sugar levels

insulin response to low blood sugar levels.

Gonads estrogen is important in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics (eg. body hair
growth, breast development) and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

progesterone complete the pregnancy prepa-rations. If pregnancy happens, the placenta takes over the production of
pro-gesterone. If pregnancy does not occur, secretion of the hormone stops, and the
menstrual period is followed.

testosterone stimulates the development of the male secondary sex characteristics (e.g. development of the
reproductive organs, growth of facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, and
growth of the skeletal muscles), promotes the maturation of sperm.