Automotive and Refinery Chemicals

BASF Diesel Performance Packages

Keropur® DP 604 C

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Dr. Harald Boehnke

Gabriel Ho
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Keropur® DP
Why do we need Additives?

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To improve fuel quality,
(IDI and DI engines)

to give: Combustion improvement, Fuel economy,

Emissions reduction, engine power at levels

Benefits for the driver of a brand new engine

Benefits for the environment Improved cold start behaviour

Benefits for fuel marketers Reduced foaming

(marketing claims)
Improved water separation

Reduced corrosion

Improved fuel stability

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Introduction

„Keropur
Zweite DP 604 C includes the following performance features
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Detergency Cetane Improvement

Corrosion Inhibition Lubricity Improvement

Dehazing Antifoam

„Keropur DP 604 C packages can be used for both retail (stations) and
wholesale (fleets, truckstops) fuel

„Keropur DP 604 C is recommended at a treatrate of 500 to 1500

mg/kg

„As a point of reference, some data are attached for Keropur DP 604 C

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Physical Data

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Physical data
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Density @ 15 °C 0,956

Viscosity @ 20 °C 5 mm2/s

Flash Point 65 °C

Pour Point -40 °C

Metal content Traces

Halogenes < 10

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Standard Engine Tests

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z The detergency of the untreated and treated reference fuel Diesel was

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evaluated in a Peugeot XUD9 A/L engine (1.9 l, IDI, 4-stroke, 4-cylinders)
according to the most recent 10 h test procedure described in CEC-F23-A-01
within the engine testing facility of BASF AG at Ludwigshafen.

z The reproducibility of the test results is verified via continuous calibration of

the engine with dedicated Haltermann reference fuels.

z For the untreated base fuel Diesel a flow restriction of 90.1% at 0.1 mm
needle lift was determined.
The following schemes show the correlation between of detergency efficiency
and the treat rate of Keropur DP 604 C. C The requirement according to the
WWFC 2006 is a max. flow restriction of 85% for a diesel fuel of category 4,
A flow restriction of less than 85% is generally considered as a ““pass””.

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Peugeot XUD-9 Keep Clean (EN 590 Fuel)

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Flow restriction [%] at 0.1 mm needle lift
100
EN 590 fuel shows a flow restriction between
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Reference Fuel RF 93
EN 590 Fuel A
80 EN 590 Fuel B
Flow Restriciton XUD9 in %

70 EN 590 Fuel C
non EN 590 Fuel D
60
non EN 590 Fuel E
50

40

30
Reference Fuel RF 93 responds
20 more sensitive to additisaton than EN EN 590 fuel shows a flow restriction
590 fuel between 50 % and 20 % @ 1000
10 ppm
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

Treatrate of Keropur DP 604 C

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Dosage Rate Recommendations

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DP 604 C gives at the recommended treatrate of 500 to
1500 mg/kg a good to excellent performance in most European
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diesel fuels
Flow restriction [%] at 0.1 mm needle lift
90 -----
pass limit World Wide Fuel Charter
80 ----- }
lower Euro tier
70 -----
60 -----
} most majors & good nationals

50 -----
40 -----
30 -----
} current Euro market best

20 -----
10 -----
0 -----
} Premium Diesel

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Water Separability

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••The waterEbene
separability of the base fuel Diesel and the additized fuel was
evaluated according to ASTM D 1094.
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••The WWFC 2000 does not specify the demulsifying properties of diesel fuels.
““No negative change of the water separability compared to the base fuel”” was
therefore defined as the performance target for both fuels.

••The mentioned test results were obtained at a pH value of 7.

••The demulsifying properties of Keropur DP 604 C for the fuel Diesel was
determined in treat rates of 500mg/kg

••The amount of recovered water (lower phase) was determined after 5 mins.

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Water Shedding Performance ASTM 1094 (EN 590 Fuel)

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duration 4 h Interphase Diesel Phase Water Phase Lost water Recovered Water
rating rating rating (ml after 5 min)
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Fuel A Blank
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DP 604 C @ 500 mg/kg 1 1b 1 0 19

Fuel B Blank 1 1b 1 0 20

DP 604 C @ 500 mg/kg 1 1b 1 0 19

Fuel C Blank 1b 1b 1 0 20

DP 604 C @ 500 mg/kg 1 1b 1 0 19

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Keropur® DP 604C
Water Shedding Performance ASTM 1094 (Non-EN 590 Fuel)

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duration 4 h Interphase Diesel Phase Water Phase Lost water Recovered Water
rating
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Fuel D Blank 1b 1b 1 0 16
DP 604 C @ 500 mg/kg 1 1b 1 0 19

Fuel E Blank 2 1 1 0 15

DP 604 C @ 500 mg/kg 1 1b 1 0 19

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Anti-Foam Performance in Dry Fuel

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110
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90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
base A @ 500 base B @ 500 base C @ 500
mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg

Foam Volume[ml] Foam decay time [s] WWFC Chapter 4:

100 m l – 15 sec

z Target foam decay time of most mineral oil companies achieved with
treat rates of 500 mg/kg Keropur DP 604 C

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Corrosion Inhibition

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z The corrosivity

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evaluated in the steel finger test according to ASTM D 665A.
As to the WWFC 2006 a diesel fuel of category 4 supposed to cause no
corrosion.
z The rating of the test results was performed according to NACE TM-01-72.
Corrosion levels: A 100% rust free
B++ 0.1% or less of total surface area rusted
B+ 0.1 - 5% total surface area rusted
B 5 - 25% total surface area rusted
C 25 - 50% total surface area rusted
D 50 - 75% total surface area rusted
E 75 - 100% total surface area rusted

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Corrosion Inhibition

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Corrosion Inhibition – Keropur DP 604 C
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ASTM DEbene
665A (NACE TM-01-72) EN 590 Fuel
Fuel A Fuel B

Keropur DP 604 C 0 250 500 0 250 500

Rating: C A A C A A

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Fuel Lubricity

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z The lubricity of the base fuel Diesel and the additized fuel was evaluated according to ASTM D 6079-
99 (CEC F-06-A-96) in the HFRR test. As to the European diesel fuel specification DIN EN 590 a wear
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scar diameter(WS1.4) of <460 Pm (HFRR) is specified.

z It shall be mentioned that the natural fuel lubricity as well as the response behaviour of a fuel for a
certain lubricity additive strongly depends on the Nature of the fuel itself. The lubricity improver used in
Keropur DP 604 C has proven to provide a significant injection pump protection in a wide variety of low
sulphur fuels (0-50 ppm S) both within the additive package and as a single additive.

z The natural lubricity of diesel fuels is considered strongly dependent on polar N- and O-containing
components present in the fuel. Severe fuel hydrotreatment to decrease the sulfur content also leads to
the removal of these components. Depending on the severity of this hydrotreatment, the required
treatrate of Keropur DP 604 C may vary case by case.

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Lubricity - HFRR (ASTM D 6079-99, CEC F-06-A-96)

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600
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EN 590 fuel
550

500

450

400

350

300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Treat rate Keropur DP 604 C [mg/kg]

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Cetane Number Increase

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z In order to provide performance data with respect to cetane improvement,

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cetane tests were conducted with reference fuel Diesel additised with
Keropur DP 604 C fuel in an external institute on a BASF-MWM engine and
the obtained data corrected to CFR standards (EN 590) according to EN ISO
5165.

z All test runs were performed twice. The reproducibility of the test results is
verified via continuous calibration of the engine with ring trial samples.
The given data points represent average values. The following graph shows
a correlation between cetane number increase and the treat rate of Keropur
DP 604 C. C

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Cetane Number Increase

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Cetane number CFR-level

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55

54

53

52

51

50
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

It shall be mentioned that the cetane improvement obtained with 2-EHN in Keropur DP
KeroLineTM // Diesel Performance Packages 604 C is dependent on the cetane number of the base fuel.
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Keropur® DP 604 C
Other No-Harm Test Data

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z Lube oil compatibility

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z Nitrit compatibility
Pass
z Oxidation stability (ASTM D2274)
No difference between additized and non-additized fuel

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Keropur® DP 604 C
Summary

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z The performance of the BASF diesel performance package Keropur DP 604 C according
to the general requirements of the ““World-Wide Fuel Charter”” (ed. 2006) for a diesel fuel of
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category 4 as well as the requirements of the majority of most competitive mineral oil
companies.

All mentioned performance claims with respect to

fuel detergency corrosion inhibition performance
foam behaviour fuel lubricity
cetane improvement water separability

were met or exceeded on application of Keropur DP 604T in the recommended treat rate
of >500 mg/kg.

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