By Ohm

Excretory system

Ãкº¢Ñº¶‹Ò¢ͧÁ¹Øɏ (human excretory system) »ÃСͺ´ŒÇ 4 ʋǹ 䴌ᡋ .

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(cortex) ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹¹Í¡¢Í§äµ áÅÐàÁ´ÑÅÅÒ (medulla) ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹ã¹¢Í§äµ ºÃÔàdzʋǹ»ÅÒ¢ͧ medulla ¨ÐÂ×è¹
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and below!
1. ·‹Íäµà¨ÒÐ (Ureter): ໚¹·‹Í·Õèàª×èÍÁâ§䵡Ѻ¡ÃÐà¾Òл˜ÊÊÒÇÐ ÁÕ˹ŒÒ·Õè㹡Òùӻ˜ÊÊÒÇзÕè¶Ù¡¡Ãͧã¹äµ¨Ò¡·‹Íäµà¨Òм‹Ò¹ÁÒÂѧ¡ÃÐà¾ÒÐ
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2. ¡ÃÐà¾Òл˜ÊÊÒÇÐ (Urinary bladder): ໚¹¶Ø§à¡çº»˜ÊÊÒÇзÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂ×´ËÂ؋¹ ËÅѧ¨Ò¡·Õ軘ÊÊÒÇм‹Ò¹·‹Íäµà¨ÒÐÁÒ¶Ö§¡ÃÐà¾Òл˜ÊÊÒÇÐ

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3. ·‹Í»˜ÊÊÒÇÐ (Urethra): ໚¹·‹Í·Õèàª×èÍÁ⧡ÃÐà¾Òл˜ÊÊÒÇСѺª‹Í§¤ÅÍ´ ÁÕ˹ŒÒ·Õè㹡ÒÃʋ§»˜ÊÊÒÇÐÍÍ¡¨Ò¡Ã‹Ò§¡Ò ·‹Í»˜ÊÊÒÇÐ㹼ٌªÒÂÂÒÇ

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 by Ohm

Excretory system

·‹Íäµà»š¹Ê‹Ç¹ÊӤѭ¢Í§Ãкº¡ÒâѺ¶‹Ò¢ͧËҧ¡Ò ·Ó˹ŒÒ·Õè㹡Òùӻ˜ÊÊÒÇзÕè¶Ù¡¡Ãͧã¹äµÍÍ¡¨Ò¡
Continue :) Ëҧ¡Ò¼‹Ò¹·Ò§¡ÃÐà¾Òл˜ÊÊÒÇÐ áÅз‹Í»˜ÊÊÒÇÐ

˹‹ÇÂäµ Ë¹‹ÇÂäµ»ÃСͺ´ŒÇÂʋǹ»ÃСͺËÅÒÂʋǹ·ÕèÁÕ˹ŒÒ·Õèᵡµ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé:

1. Glomerulus: ໚¹àʌ¹ãÂàÅç¡æ ·Õèàª×èÍÁµ‹Í¡ÑºËÅÍ´àÅ×ʹ੾ÒÐ (afferent arteriole) «Öè§ÁÕ˹ŒÒ·Õè㹡ÒáÃͧ

àÅ×Í´ â´Â㪌áç´Ñ¹àÅ×Í´ã¹ËÅÍ´àÅ×ʹ੾ÒÐà¾×èÍ¡ÃͧÊÒÃÍØ´µÑ¹áÅТͧàÊÕ¨ҡàÅ×Í´ä»ÂѧºÃÔàdz Bowman's
capsule

2. Bowman's capsule: ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹·ÕèÁÕÃٻËҧ¤ÅŒÒ¶ا·Õè¤ÅØÁ glomerulus ÁÕ˹ŒÒ·Õè㹡ÒÃÃͧÃѺÊÒ÷Õè¡ÃͧÍÍ¡ÁÒ

¨Ò¡àÅ×Í´áÅÐà¡çºÃǺÃÇÁÊÒáÃͧàËÅ×ÍàÈɢͧàÅ×Í´

3. ·‹Íແ´ (Proximal tubule): ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹¢Í§·‹Íäµ·Õ赋ͷÕè¶Ø§äµ ÁÕ˹ŒÒ·Õè㹡Òôٴ¤×¹ÊÒ÷ÕèÁÕ»ÃÐ⪹àª‹¹ ¹éÓ

â»ÃµÕ¹ áË¸ÒµØ áÅйéÓµÒŨҡ»˜ÊÊÒÇÐà¾×è͹ӡÅѺࢌÒÊًàÅ×Í´

4. Loop of Henle: ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹·Õè»ÃСͺ´ŒÇÂʋǹµÃ§áÅÐʋǹ⤌§ ÁÕ˹ŒÒ·Õè㹡ÒûÃѺ¤ÇÒÁࢌÁ¢Œ¹¢Í§»˜ÊÊÒÇÐáÅСÒÃ

ÃÑ¡ÉÒÊÁ´ØŢͧ¹éÓã¹Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ

5. Collecting duct: ໚¹·‹Í·Õè¹Ó»˜ÊÊÒÇзÕ輋ҹ¡ÒáÃͧáÅлÃѺÊÁ´ØŨҡ·‹ÍˋÍË،ÁàÅçºä»ÊًËÅÍ´»˜ÊÊÒÇÐ ÁÕ˹ŒÒ

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·‹ÍäµÃÇÁ (Collecting duct) ·‹ÍäµÃÇÁ (Collecting duct) ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹·ÕèÊӤѭ¢Í§Ë¹‹ÇÂäµ·ÕèÁÕ˹ŒÒ·Õè㹡ÒÃà¡çºÃǺÃÇÁ»˜ÊÊÒÇзÕ輋ҹ¡ÒáÃͧáÅÐ

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 Excretory System (English)

Kidney The kidney is divided into two bean-shaped organs, and when dissected lengthwise, it
can be divided into two layers: the cortex, which is the outer part of the kidney, and
the medulla, which is the inner part of the kidney. The renal pelvis is a structure located
at the end of the medulla. Each side of the kidney is composed of functional units called
nephrons. The nephron is the working unit of the kidney. The functions of the kidney
can be summarized as follows:

1. Filtration of waste products: The kidney filters waste products from the blood. It
removes harmful substances and waste products that result from metabolic processes,
such as byproducts of food digestion and residual chemicals in the body. Once filtered,
these waste products are excreted from the body through urine.

2. Regulation of fluid and nutrient balance: The kidney helps maintain the balance of
water and electrolytes in the body. It regulates the efficiency of the filtration process
to achieve an appropriate balance of nutrients, such as proteins, sugars, minerals, and
other important substances.

3. Control of water content and osmolarity in the body: The kidney plays a crucial role
in controlling the water content in the body. It adjusts the efficiency of water
reabsorption and excretion to maintain an appropriate water balance and osmolarity in
the body.

4. Hormone production: The kidney is involved in the production of important hormones,

such as erythropoietin, which controls red blood cell production, and renin, which
regulates blood pressure.

Overall, the kidney is responsible for filtering waste products, maintaining fluid and
electrolyte balance, regulating water content, and producing essential hormones in the
body.
 Excretory System (Eng)

Ureters and below The ureters are the tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Their main
function is to transport the urine that has been filtered in the kidneys through the
ureter into the urinary bladder. The ureters contract to propel urine towards the
urinary bladder.

The urinary bladder is a flexible, expandable organ. Once urine reaches the urinary
bladder through the ureters, it is stored there until an appropriate time for urination.

The urethra is the tube that connects the urinary bladder to the external opening. Its
main function is to expel urine from the body. In males, the urethra is longer as it
passes through the penis. In females, the urethra is shorter and opens directly to the
external genitalia.

The urinary system plays a vital role in the elimination of waste from the body. The
ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, and the urethra
carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Nephron The kidney is composed of several components that have different functions, as
follows:

1. Glomerulus: It is a small cluster of capillaries connected to the afferent arteriole.

Its main function is to filter the blood by using the blood pressure in the glomerular
capillaries to filter out waste substances and toxins from the blood into the Bowman's
capsule.

2. Bowman's capsule: It is a sac-like structure that surrounds the glomerulus. Its role
is to receive the filtered substances from the blood and collect and store the filtrate.

3. Proximal tubule: It is the part of the renal tubule that connects to the Bowman's
capsule. Its main function is to reabsorb useful substances such as water, proteins,
minerals, and glucose from the filtrate back into the blood.
 Excretory system

4. Loop of Henle: It consists of a descending and an ascending limb. Its main function is
to regulate the concentration of urine and maintain water balance in the body.
Nephron (continue)
5. Collecting duct: It is a tubule that carries the filtered urine from the collecting tubules
to the renal pelvis. Its main functions are to collect and further concentrate the urine.

These are the important components of the nephron, each with its specific role in filtering
the blood and producing urine, enabling the body to maintain balance and eliminate waste
substances appropriately.

Collecting duct The collecting duct is an important component of the nephron that has the function of
collecting and consolidating urine that has been filtered and balanced by the collecting
tubules. The collecting ducts are responsible for accumulating and concentrating large
amounts of water and solutes, and regulating the concentration of urine to control
water balance in the body. The collecting ducts help adjust the concentration of the
collected urine, making it more concentrated or diluted according to the body's needs.
This allows for the appropriate regulation of water excretion to maintain water balance
in the body.