ROTATION OF 2 MASSES UNDER MUTUAL

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE OF ATTRACTION

m1

m2

F =

Gm1m2
r

Value of G

6.67x10 Nm Kg (SI or MKS)

6.67x10-8 dyne cm2g-2 (CGS)
2

r1

v1

-2

T2 = 4

Time period
or
T2

Dimensional formula [G]

M-1L3T-2

IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
1. Gravitational force
* Always attractive in nature
* Independent of the nature of medium
between masses
* Independent of presence or absence
of other bodies
2. Are central forces, acts along the centre
of gravity of two bodies.
3. Conservative force
4. Force between any two masses Gravitational force
Force between earth and any other body Force of gravity

F21 force on 2 due to 1

y
r12
m1
r1

r12 vector from m1 to m2

m2

G m1m2

F21 =

r2

r122
G m1m2

or -

r123

Similarly

V1 =
l

R
c

M
l

F21 =

G m1m2
r122

r12

or

Clearly
Newtons third law F21

G m1m2
r123
l
R

g
=
g

Time period
T2
l3

Percentage decrease =

Re

Here R =

g
g-gl
2h x 100
=
x 100 =
g
g
R

g = g [ 1-

d
R

V02 =

r1

r2

r2

r1

R = 0.034

Re

“If density is mentioned use the

above equation”

gl = g

gl = g -
= 0o

When a body of mass m is moved from equator to

the poles, weight increases by an amount
2
R
m (g - g ) = m
e

dg
g
l
= g-g =
R
g
l
g-g
d
g
=
=
Fractional decrease =
R
g
g
d
g
Percentage decrease =
x100
x100 =
R
g
Very imp graph
The graphical representation of change in
the value of g‛ with height and depth

Vo =

Re

GM

(R+H)
GM

m
R

gR2

gR

If orbit is closer to
earth‛s surface( neglect ‘h‛)

Vo =

GM
R

gR

Note - for easy calculations

or

= 8 km/s or

GM
R

GM
R

= 8 km/s = 8x 103 m/s

gl

r = R

gr
R

GMm
2r

GMm
r
GMm
TE =2r
U =-

W = (U f - Ui

Or,
W = mgh

-GMm
R

-GMm
R+h

R+h

Work done to move object

to a height h = R

W =

Work done to move object

to a height h = R/2

= 64 x 106

KE, PE OR TE FOR AN ORBITING

SATELLITE
KE =

(called minimum orbit, velocity-first cosmic velocity)

gR

(R+H)

1
r2

WORK DONE IN MOVING OBJECT

FROM SURFACE OF EARTH TO
HEIGHT h ABOVE SURFACE

Orbit at a height ‘h‛ from the surface

m,Vo

g
1
1
r1
r2

GMm

W = E 2 - E1 =

ORBITAL VELOCITY

Re

gl

CONCEPT - WORK DONE BY

EXTERNAL AGENT = CHANGE IN
MECHANICAL ENERGY

The effect of rotational motion of the earth on

the value of g at the equator is maximum.

Vo =

Absolute decrease =

For equator

W =

mgR
2
mgR
3

WORK DONE IN MOVING OBJECT

FROM SURFACE TO CIRCULAR ORBIT

Re

Vo

Relation KE, U & TE

U = 2 x T.E
K.E = - T.E

r
for r < R, gl =

Graph

gR2
r2

GRAVITATION

GM
r2

R cos2

There is no effect of rotational motion of the

earth on the value of g at poles.

g IN TERMS OF DENSITY OF EARTH

https://t.me/neetwallahpw

GM
r1

V01 =

m,Vo

gl

for r < R, gl =

= 90

For poles

[Put GMe = g Re2 to solve

problems easily]

g=4 G Re
Note = value of

Variation due to depth ‘d‛

(2 2+1)

GRAVITY
Acceleration due to gravity
GMe
On the surface of earth g =
m
Re2
M - mass of earth
Re
R - Radius of earth
M

Gravitational force is a two body interaction.

Force between two particles does not depend
on the presence or absence of other particles.
The principle of superposition is valid here.
“Force on a particle due to a no. of particles
is the resultant of forces due to individual
particles.”

Fractional decrease =

GM
R

r12

= - F12

R 3

1
V =
2
T

2hg
R
g-gl
2h
=
R
g

g = g - gl =

GM
(2 2+1)
2 2 l
3

Latitude Angle which the line

joining the point to
the centre of earth
makes with the
equatorial plane

gl = g -

h<<<<<<R (h < 100 km)

2h
use, gl= g 1R
Note the point
If h<<<<R, then decrease in the value
of g with height

Absolute decrease =

V =

mgl

mg

Approximate equation

GM

GM
l

Fc

WORK DONE IN MOVING OBJECT

FROM ONE ORBIT TO ANOTHER

PHYSICS
WALLAH
r

FOUR EQUAL MASSES UNDER MUTUAL

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

r12

Re
M

l
GM
(R + h)2
gR2
g =
(R + h)2

General Equation

-r12

F12 force on 1 due to 2

G(m1+m2)

g =

r3

THREE MASSES(EQUAL) REVOLVING

UNDER MUTUAL GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

VECTOR FORM

g
h

(m1+m2) r

r2

COM

Gm12

V2 =

G - Universal gravitational constant

Variation due to height ‘h‛

(m1+m2) r
v2

-11

Gm22

V1 =

Variation of g due to rotation of earth

VARIATION IN THE VALUE OF

ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY

NEWTON‛S LAW OF
GRAVITATION

W = Ef - Ei

energy

W = Etotal - Ui

W =

-GMm
2(R+h)

GMm
R

KE
TE
distance
U

PHYSICS
WALLAH
R
2b
1

GM

(nearst point)

(farthest point)

PHYSICS
WALLAH
1

x2

R2

R3

R
R
R

2R3

(3R2

3
2

3
2

due

R2

Δ
Δ

3
2

2b
G R2

T2
T2

4 2

R2

https://t.me/neetwallahpw

R2

PHYSICS
WALLAH

2
Δ