COMPARISON OF ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF

OVER HEAD TANK BY USING SAP2000 WITH

MANUAL DESIGN

A MINI Project Report Submitted in Partial

Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
P.VENKATA RAMANA RAO (20095A01A6)
A.VENKAT RAHUL (20095A01A4)
V.V.TEJESWAR REDDY (20095A01A2)
D.KISHORE BABU (20095A0133)
S.MAHAMOOD (19091A0118)

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Mr.T.RAGHAVENDRA(Ph.D)
Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

R. G. M College of Engineering and Technology
(Autonomous),
Nandyal 518 501, A. P., INDIA
(Affiliated to J. N. T. University, A. P., INDIA)
(Approved by AICTE, Accredited by N.B.A, NewDelhi, NAAC-A+ Grade)

2020 - 2023
 R. G. M College of Engineering and Technology
(Autonomous),

Nandyal 518 501, A. P., INDIA

(Affiliated to J. N. T. University, A. P., INDIA)

(Approved by AICTE, Accredited by N.B.A, NewDelhi, NAAC-A+ Grade)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Mini Project Report entitled ”COMPARISON OF ANALYSIS
AND DESIGN OF OVER HEAD TANK BY USING SAP2000 WITH MANUAL DESIGN ”
that is being submitted by

P.VENKATA RAMANA RAO (20095A01A6)

A.VENKAT RAHUL (20095A01A4)
V.V.TEJESWAR REDDY (20095A01A2)
D.KISHORE BABU (20095A0133)
S.MAHAMOOD (19095A0118)

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of B.Tech in Civil Engineering in the
RAJEEV GANDHI MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECH-
NOLOGY,(AUTONOMOUS)Nandyal (Affiliated to J.N.T University, Anantapur) is a
bonafide record of confide work carried out by his under our guidance and supervision. The
results embodied in this technical report have not been submitted to any other university or
institute for the award of any Degree.

Signature of the Project Guide

Signature of Head of the Department
MR.T.RAGHAVENDRA (Ph.D)
Dr. G. Sreenivasulu Ph.D (IISC),
Assistant Professor
Professor and HOD
Examiner:
Date:
i
Dedicated to my beloved parents, and teachers who have worked hard throughout my education.

ii
 Acknowledgements

We deem it a great pleasure and privilege to express our profound deep sense of gratitude to our
project guide Sri MR.T.RAGHAVENDRA, Assistant Professor in C.E, R.G.M College of Engineering
and Technology, Nandyal, Kurnool dist., A.P. for his encouragement and inspired guidance throughout
our mini project work.

We are thankful to Dr. G. SREENIVASULU, M.Tech (IITK), PhD (IISC), professor and HOD
of C.E, R.G.M College of Engineering and Technology, Nandyal, Kurnool district, A.P for his able
guidance and inspiration for his Encouragement in carrying out this mini project work.

We are highly grateful to Dr. T. JAYACHANDRAPRASAD, Principal, R.G.M College of En-

gineering and Technology, for his encouragement and inspiration at various points of time in the
successful accomplishment of the mini project work.

We shall remain grateful to Dr. M. SHANTIRAMUDU , chairman, R.G.M College of Engineering

and Technology who has been a constant source of inspiration throughout the mini project work and
we also seek his blessings for a bright future.

We shall remain grateful to Sri M. SHIVARAM, M.D, R.G.M College of Engineering and Tech-
nology who has been a constant source of inspiration throughout the mini project work and we also
seek his blessings for a bright future.

We express our special thanks to all the faculty members and non teaching staff of the department
and college who constantly cooperated in the completion of the mini project work.

PROJECT ASSOCIATES
P.VENKATA RAMANA RAO (20095A01A6)
A.VEKAT RAHUL (20095A01A4 )
V.V.TEJESWAR REDDY (20095A01A2)
D.KISHORE BABU (20095A0133)
S.MAHAMOOD (19095A0118)

iii
 Abstract
Every design comes out when there is a problem. A design is create to solve the existing problems.
People in the region where there is scarcity of water ,don’t get enough flow (or) speed (or) discharge
especially those living on the upper floor in a multi-storied building, school, college. As a consequence
people suffer from lack of water due to insufficient supply for compensating their daily needs . As a
first solution of the problem ,one needs to develop a water storage project as has been designed by
SAP principles and it compared with manual design . .

In this project is used to define the difference of design and analysis of over head tank by using
SAP and manual design. The design involves load calculations manually and analyzing the whole
structure by SAP2000.We use for designing over head tank in software is Sap 2000-model for manual
design IS 456-2000 consider the load as per the according to IS 1983 (part-1) 2002 and IS 875 (part-3)
2015 From the analysis the beams and columns of the overhead tank will be designed for capacity of
4000 liters . The comparative analysis of RCC overhead circular tank is modeled in 3D using SAP
software and manual design.
KEYWORD : Overhead tank ,IS 1893 (part 1) 2002 and IS 875 (part 3) 2015 and SAP software and
manual design of the overhead tank.

iv
Contents

Abstract iv

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 OVERHEAD TANKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 ABOUT OVERHEAD TANKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 COMPONENTS OF TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.5 CLASSIFICATION OF RCC WATER TANKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5.1 BASED ON HEADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5.2 BASED ON SHAPE OF TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 FORECASTING METHODS 8
2.1 ARITHEMETIC INCREASE METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2 GEOMETRICAL INCREASE METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 INCREMENTAL INCREASE METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3 LITERATURE REVIEW 11

4 DESIGN OF CIRCULAR OVERHEAD TANK 13

5 CIRCULAR WATER TANK ANALYSIS USING SAP2000 22

5.1 CONCEPT OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.2 DESIGN CRITERIA AS PER IS CODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.2.1 The Dome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.2.2 Ring beam supporting the dome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.2.3 Cylindrical walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.2.4 Ring beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.2.5 slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

v
 5.2.6 Floor of the tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.2.7 The ring girder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.2.8 Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.2.9 Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.3 MODELLING AND ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.4 SAP-2000 PROCEDURE FOR DESIGN OF TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6 RESULTS 29

7 ANALYSIS RESULTS SAP2000 30

8 CONCLUSION 34

9 REFERENCES 35

vi
List of Figures

1.1 Tank Resting On Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.2 Under Ground Water Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Elevated Water Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Circular tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5 Rectangular Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4.1 Components Details Of Circular water tank Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4.2 moment at Critical point are as listed below . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.3 moments are given below . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.4 net moment in the slab in as given below: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5.1 over head tabk in sap2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

5.2 design of tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.3 costruction of columns in sap2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.4 costruction of bracings for columns in sap2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.5 3d view of over head tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.6 top view of over head tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

7.1 Analysis Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

7.2 Shear Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7.3 Bending Moment Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7.4 Displacement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
7.5 Failure zones in tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

vii
Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Water is a vital element in the living system and is an important component and also a key
element for the socio-economic development of a country. All living things require water for
their sustenance. In fixing the living standards of the population, the availability of water to
domestic needs plays an important role. With the increase in population in the sphere, the
demand for water and the fight to share this resource during the period of scarcity also increases
enormously. This has been true with particular reference to the recent past. In a country like
India, the rainfall is seasonal and is highly erratic in nature, leading to spatial and temporal
variations in the water availability. Thus, it becomes necessary for the water supply engineers
to supply pure and adequate water, equally to all the consumers. For this challenging task, the
design, analysis and optimization of the pipe network system is required.

It is a well-known fact that clean water is absolutely essential for healthy living. Adequate
supply of fresh and clean drinking water is a basic need for all human beings on the earth.

A water distribution system is an essential infrastructure in the supply of water for do-
mestic as well as industrial uses. It connects consumers to sources of water, using hydraulic
components, such as pipes, valves, pumps and tanks. The design of such systems is a multifar-
ious task involving numerous interrelated factors, requiring careful consideration in the design
process. Important design parameters include water demand, minimum pressure requirements,
topography, system reliability, economics, piping, pumping and energy use.

1
 A water tank is used to store water to tide over the daily requirement. In the construction
of concrete structure for the storage of water and other liquids the imperviousness of concrete
is most essential .The permeability of any uniform and thoroughly compacted concrete of given
mix proportions is mainly dependent on water cement ratio .The increase in water cement
ratio results in increase in the permeability .The decrease in water cement ratio will there-
fore be desirable to decrease the permeability, but very much reduced water cement ratio may
cause compaction difficulties and prove to be harmful also. Design of liquid retaining structure
has to be based on the avoidance of cracking in the concrete having regard to its tensile strength.

1.2 OVERHEAD TANKS

1.3 ABOUT OVERHEAD TANKS

Overhead water tanks of various shapes can be used as service reservoirs, as a balancing tank in
water supply schemes and for replenishing the tanks for various purposes. Reinforced concrete
water towers have distinct advantages as they are not affected by climatic changes, are leak
proof, provide greater rigidity and are adoptable for all shapes.

1.4 COMPONENTS OF TANK

TANK PORTION

Roof and roof beams

Sidewalls
Floor or bottom slab floor beams, including circular girder

STAGGING PORTION

Columns
Bracings
Foundations and plinth beams and the circular girders

2
1.5 CLASSIFICATION OF RCC WATER TANKS

1.5.1 BASED ON HEADS

Resting on ground

These are used for clear water reservoirs, settling tanks, aeration tanks etc. These tanks di-
rectly rest on the ground. The walls of these tanks are subjected to water pressure from inside
and the base is subjected to weight of water inside and soil reaction from underneath the base.
The tank may be open at top or roofed. Ground water tank is made of lined carbon steel, it
may receive water from water well or from surface water allowing a large volume of water to
be placed in inventory and used during peak demand cycles.

Figure 1.1: Tank Resting On Ground

Under ground

These tanks are built below the ground level such as clarifier’s filters in water treatment plants,
and septic tanks. The walls of these tanks are subjected to water pressure from inside and
earth pressure from outside. The base of the tanks is subjected to water pressure from inside
and earth pressure from outside. The base of the tanks subjected to water pressure from inside
and soil reaction from underneath. Always these are covered at top. These tanks should be
designed for loading which gives the worst effect. The design principles of underground tank
same as for the tanks resting on ground. The walls are subjected to inside a water pressure and
outside earth pressure. The section of wall is designed for the earth pressure acting separately
as well as acting simultaneously, whenever there is possibility of water table to rise, soil becomes
saturated and earth. These types of tank are generally constructed of rectangular or circular

3
in shape.

Figure 1.2: Under Ground Water Tank

Elevated tank

These tanks are supported on staging which may consist of masonry walls, R.C.C tower or
R.C.C column braced together. The walls are subjected to water pressure from inside. The
base is subjected to weight of water, weight of walls and weight of roof. The staging has to
carry the entire load of entire tanks with water and is subjected to wind loads.

4
 Figure 1.3: Elevated Water Tank

1.5.2 BASED ON SHAPE OF TANK

Circular tank

Generally circular tank rest on the ground or are elevated ones. Underground circular tanks
are also constructed. The circular tanks may be designed either with flexible base connection
with wall or with rigid connection between walls and base, in the former case the expansion 5
and contraction of side walls are possible but in latter case the walls are monolithic with base.
The walls of tank are subjected to hydrostatic pressure which is maximum at base and zero at
top. Usually for design of circular tanks, the theory of thin cylinders is applied for design of
wall thickness and for calculation of maximum hoop tension. The main reinforcement consists
of circular hoops to take care of hoop tension and is placed on both faces and wall. The
distribution steel is placed vertically and is tied to main reinforcement.

5
 Figure 1.4: Circular tank

Rectangular tank

For smaller capacities circular tanks are uneconomical and their form work is costly. Rectan-
gular tanks are constructed when small capacity tank are required. These may be resting on
ground, elevated or underground. Tanks should be preferably square in plan and it is desirable
that larger side should not be greater than twice the smaller side and for rectangular tanks.
Walls of tanks either resting on ground or elevated are subjected to water pressure from inside
and when underground they are subjected to internal water pressure and outside earth pres-
sure. In rectangular tanks the moments are caused in two directions, hence exact analysis is
rather difficult, they are designed by approximate methods.

6
Figure 1.5: Rectangular Tank

7
Chapter 2

FORECASTING METHODS

Design of water supply and sanitation scheme is based on the projected population of a particu-
lar city, estimated for the design period. Any underestimated value will make system inadequate
for the purpose intended. Similarly, overestimated value will make it costly. Change in the pop-
ulation of the city over the years occurs, and the system should be designed taking into account
of the population at the end of the design period.

Factors affecting changes in population are:

ˆ increase due to births
ˆ decrease due to deaths
ˆ increase/ decrease due to migration

The present and past population record for the city can be obtained from the census pop-
ulation records. After collecting these population figures, the population at the end of design
period is predicted using various methods as suitable for that city considering the growth pat-
tern followed by the city

2.1 ARITHEMETIC INCREASE METHOD

This method is suitable for large and old city with considerable development. If it is used
for small, average or comparatively new cities, it will give low result than actual value. In
this method the average increase in population per decade is calculated from the past census
reports. This increase is added to the present population to find out the population of the next
decade. Thus, it is assumed that the population is increasing at constant rate.
Hence, dp/dt = X i.e., rate of change of population with respect to time I constant. Therefore,

8
Population after nth decade will be

Pn = Po + nx (2.1)

where, Pn is Population after n decades,

Po is Present Population,
X is Average increase in population over the previous m decades, X is calculated
Ex:-
Pn = Po + nX P 2051 = 2730 + 1 ∗ 390 = 3900 (2.2)

2.2 GEOMETRICAL INCREASE METHOD

In this method the percentage increase in population from decade to decade is assumed to re-
main constant. Geometric mean increase is used to find out the future increment in population.
Since this method gives higher values and hence should be applied for a new industrial town at
the beginning of development for only few decades. The population at the end of nth decade
’Pn’ can be estimated as:

Ig n
Pn = Po (1 + ) (2.3)
100
Where Ig is geometric mean, P0 is Present population, n is no. of decades (r1 Ö r2 Ö . . . Ö
rm) 1 m , ri=percentage increase in ith decade, m =(number successive previous decades for
which census data is available - 1)

20.42 3
P2051 = 2730(1 + ) = 4768 (2.4)
100

2.3 INCREMENTAL INCREASE METHOD

This method combines both the arithmetic average method and the geometrical average method.
From the census data for the past several decades, the actual increase in each decade is first
found. Then the increment in increase for each decade is found. From these, an average in-
crement of the increases (known as incremental increase) is found. The population in the next

9
decade is found by adding to the present population the average increase plus the average in-
cremental increase per decade. The process is repeated for the second future decade, and so
on. Thus, the future population at the end of n decades is given by:

n(n + 1)
Pn = Po + nX + ( ) (2.5)
2

From this above data the population of town for the year of 2051 is 4800 by geometrical
increase method

10
Chapter 3

LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1 H.S. PATEL et.al (2012). Reported on behavior of supporting system which is more
effective under different earthquake time history records with SAP 2000 software. Here two
different supporting systems such as radial bracing and cross bracing are compared with basic
supporting system for various fluid level conditions by observing base shear, overturning
moment, roof displacement.

3.2 K.S.K KARTHIK REDDY et.al (2015), Reported on Design and analysis of elevated
intze water tank both manually and by using SAP2000 software. Wind analysis of reinforced
concrete Intze tank is carried out at different staging heights of tank and in different wind
zones in India of different terrain categories and concluded that of all the 4 terrain. categories
wind zones, the terrain categoryl is observed to be unsafe because It is open terrain with no
obstruction and it designed for more Steel

3.3 BUGATHA ADILAKSHMI et.al (2016) presented Manual design of water tank
working stress method is used to design an Intze tank and staging elements of the Intze tank
are designed by limit state method for at given capacity. This project gives best estimates of
the required quantity of concrete and steel for a given water holding capacity.

3.4 AZGAR, N. RAMYA SMRUTHI, Design of Circular Water Tank by using STAAD
Pro Software , international journal of science engineering and technology research, Issue.29
September-2017.

In this project, a method is developed for determining an optimal layout for a branched
distribution system by giving only the spatial distribution of potential customers with their
respective demands.

11
3.5 Design of Circular Overhead Water Tank, International Journal of Engineering Research
in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE),Issue 7, July 2017.
Overhead water tank is the most effective storing facility used for domestic or even industrial
purpose. The design and construction methods in reinforced concrete are influenced by the
prevailing construction practices, the physical property of the material and the climatic
conditions, linings, the ground conditions i.e. type of soil, soil bearing capacity etc.

3.6 Design Of Elevated Circular Water Tank Using Is-3370:2009, Roshan Y.

Gawarle,Himani Dakare, Palash A. Wagh, Naina Dokare , IOSR Journal of
Engineering (IOSRJEN).
This paper gives an overall designing procedure of an Overhead Circular tank using LIMIT
STATE METHOD
It was observed that in case of limit state design cost required is less. Obviously, the circular
water tank is more economical compared to the square tank. This paper gives, the theory
behind the design of a liquid retaining structure, Elevated circular water tank with a domed
roof,circular wall, top ring beam, flat base slab, and bottom beam are design with limit state
method.
The Steel requirement increased when designed by Working Stress Method as per IS
3370(2009) to over come this code has revised as the permissible stresses in steel were limited
to 130 Mpa.
The size of members as well as the steel requirement of the structure were reduced when
designed by using Limit State Method as per IS 3370 (2009), when compared with Working
Stress Method as per IS 3370 (1967).

Capacity is chosen for the present study. The preliminary dimensions of the tank are
calculated for the capacity requirement.The water tank structure is then designed by manual
method using relevant provisions of Indian code following working stress method of design for
un-cracked concrete section. The water tank structure is then modelled and analyzed using
SAP 2000 software. The staging part of the tank is modelled using line elements and the tank
part is modelled using shell elements. The water tank structure is analyzed for gravity load
including the dead load and water load and also lateral load in the form of seismic loads.

12
Chapter 4

DESIGN OF CIRCULAR
OVERHEAD TANK

Figure 4.1: Components Details Of Circular water tank Tank

Details of Design: Design of an circular tank for a capacity of 1.2 litres.

Height of tank floor above the ground level is 19m.
Assuming M25 concrete,

13
Fe415 steel
For which σcbc = 10N/mm2
Direct Tension σct = 1.5N/mm2
Tension in Bending = 2.0 N/mm2 (AsperIS3370 − P ART 2)
Modular ratio m = 11
Data of Tank:
Diameter of tank = 6 m
Diameter of ring beam = 0.6 m Ö 6 md
= 0.6 Ö6
= 3.6m take it as 4 m
Rise of top dome (h1 ) = 0.857(1.2or1.5m)
1. HEIGTH OF CIRCULAR TANK :
Capacity of tank = 1,20,000 Liters
Height of tank = 4 m
2. DESIGN OF TOP DOME :
Top Dome should be designed for 2 forces
i.Meridional force
ii.Hoop force
i. Meridional Force:
T1 = W R/1 + COSθ
Where,
W = Total Load
self- weight of dome

=0.075 Ö 25= 1.875kN/m2

Finishing load=0.5kN/m2
Live Load = 1.5 kN/m2
W=3.875 kN/ m2
R1 = Do2 /2 + h22 /2h2
R1 = 62 /2 + 22 /22
=10 m
Sin θ = D/2/R = 6/2 = 0.6
θ = 36.86
cos θ = 0.80

14
T1 = 3.875x5.662/1 + 0.84 = 11.86kN/m
Meridional stress =11.86 x 103 /1000x75
= 0.158 N/mm2 < 5N/mm2 (AsperIS456code)
ii.Hoop Force:
T2 = W xR1 (cosθ − 1/1 + cosθ)
= 3.875x5.662(0.84-1/1+0.84)
=6.760 kN/m
Hoop stress = 6.760 Ö 103 /1000x10 = 0.0973N/mm2 < 8N/mm2 (AsperIS456 : 2000code)
Provide Nominal Reinforcement(0.24%)
Ast = 0.24/100X1000X100 = 240mm2
Provide 8mmϕ@ 150mmc/c

3. DESIGN OF TOP RING BEAM:

HOOP TENSION = T1 xcosθxD/2
=11.86 X cos 31.96 x 6/2
=30.206 KN
AST = T2 X 1000/Double thickness of dome
=30.206 X 1000/150
=201 mm2
Provide 6 bars of 10 mm
Ast provide = 6 x pi/4 x 102
=417 mm2
M=Modular ratio = 280/3 x
=280/3x280
=11
Area of concrete required is given by = Hoop tension /A2 + mxAstprovided
1.3 = 30.206 x 1000/Ac + 11x471
Ac = 180.54mm2
Provide 250 x 300 mm top ring beam with 6 bar of 10 mm main reinforcment. Nominal
stirrups of 6 mm at 225 mm c/c are to be provided in the beam.
4. DESIGN OF TANK WALL:
Depth of wall tank = 4 m
Dia of water tank = 10 m
Maximum hoop tension in the wall = 9.8 x 4 x 6/2

15
= 117.6 kN/m
Ast = Max.Hoop tension/150
=117.6 x 1000/150
=784 mm2
Ast on each fare 784/2 = 392 mn
Using 10 mm base spacing required is πx102 /392 = 200mm.
Provide bar at 170 mm c/c near base, on each face. It may be gradually increased to 300 mm
spacing at 200 x b/300 = 200 x b/300 =2.6 m below the top. In the top 2.6 m maintain 300
mm spacing
Ast provided at base = π/4x10 ÷ 170 × 1000
Let thickness of wall be t, Then to keep direct tenses in wall with in limiting value.
1196 x 1000
max hoop tension /1000 x t + m x Ast provided of base = 1000 x t +11 x 461 = 1.3
t = 85.39 mm provide 200 mm thickness
5.VERTICAL STEEL:
Bottom 4/3=1.33 m is under cantilever moment
cantilever moment=γxHxh2 /6
=9.8x4x1.332 /6 = 11.61
for M25 concrete and fe415 steel
σcbc = 8.5N/m2 , m = 11, σst = 150
n=0.384, j=0.872 and k=1.423
Effective depth (d)=100-35=65 mm
Ast = 11.61 x 106 /150x0.872x165 = 538mm2
Using 10 mm bars s=/4 x 102 538x1000 = 145mm
Minimum steel to be provided in vertical direction
Ast min=0.3 ö 100 x 200 x 1000 = 600 mm3
Minimum steel on each face = 300 mm2
Using 10 mm bars S = ö 4 x 102 /300x1000 = 261mm
Hence provided 10 min bars at 130 mm at c/c in the power 1.3 m on inner face.
Curtail alternate bar on outer face provide 10 mm bars at 260 mm c/c.
6. DESIGN OF BASE SLAB :
Total load from dome =T1 xsin(θ)x2xD/2
=11.86 x sin(31.9)x 2 x 3
=118.13kN

16
Weight of ring beam =0.25 x 0.30 x 2 x 3.2 x 25
35.34kN
Weight of wall=0.20 x(4-0.3)x 2 x 3.2 x 25
=371.96 kN
Total weight=118.13+35.34+371.96=525 kN
weight of water=r Ö h Ö x 62 4
9.8x4xπxπx62 /4 = 1108.35kN
On edge of slab:
Self weight of slabs:
assuming slab thickness
t=D/35=6/35=0.171 mm,say 200 mm
Self- weight of slab=0.2 x 1 x 1 x 25 = 5 kN/m2
Total self- weight(Note total slab diameter)
=6 + 2 x 0.2 = 6.4 m
= 4 x /4 Ö 6.42
= 128.67 kN
Finishing load = 0.6 x /4 x 62 = 16.96kN
Total downward load = 525+ 1108.35 + 128.67 + 16.91 = 1778.83 kN
Now the slab may be treated as freely supported by wall and subjected to
1) Uniformly distributed downward load of q = 1256 / (/4Ö(6.2)2 )
= 41.60 kN / m2
2) Upward ring load of w = 1778.93 kN
For ( 1 ) loading
Mr = 3q / 16 ( a2 − r2 )andM (θ) = 3qa2 /16 − qr2 /16
Where a = 6.2 / 2 = 3.1
Moment at Critical points are as listed below :

Figure 4.2: moment at Critical point are as listed below

in case-22

17
for ¡ 1.55
Mr=mθ = w/8Π[2log9/b + 1 − [b/a]2 ]
for r ¿ 1.55
moment for radius-Mr
Mr=w/8Π[2log[a/r] − [b/a]2 + [b/r]2 ]
moment for the slope-mθ
Mθ = w/8Π[2log[a/r] − [b/a]2 + 2 − [b/r]2 ]
nothig that a=3.14 and b=1.55m
Moment at critical point are as listed below :
note: w up word hence may be taken as posive

Figure 4.3: moments are given below

Figure 4.4: net moment in the slab in as given below:

Design moment = 151.91 kN.m

p p
D= designmoment/kx1000 = 151.91x106 /150x0.872x230 = 3519mm,
Using 25 mm bars,
S= π/4x252 /3519x1000 = 139.43mm
Provide 25 mm bars at 300 mm c/c. This is required at top of the slab in radial direction . At
the edges.
Mu = 74.95 kN.m. Hogging ,d = 330-25=305 mm,
Ast = 74.35x106 /150x0.872x305 = 1878mm2
Using 16 mm bars
S= π/4x162 /1873x1000 = 107mm

18
Provide 16 mm bar at 100 mm c/c at top of slab in the circumferential direction at the outer
edges of slab.
In the central portion of about 1.8 m sagging moment exist.
Maximum sagging moment is 74.95 kN m,
Ast = 74.95x106 /150x0.872x305
=1873 mm2
Provide a mesh of 16 mm bars at 100 mm c/c in two manually perpendicular directions near
bottom face of the slab. Size of this mesh may be kept 2 m x 2 m since actual length required
is 12 x dia more than required.
7. DESIGN OF BOTTOM RING BEAM :
Radius = 2 m
Total load on it from slabs = 1778.93 kN
Load per meter Mx = 1778.93 / 2 x x 2 = 141.56 kN
Since it is Subjected to tension ,let us use winder beam, say 350 mm wide. Taking depth of
beam approximately 1 / 15 the diameter is D = 600 mm
∴ Self weightof beam = 350x0.600x25 = 5.25kN/m
With finishing, say 6 KN / m. Then load on ring beam W = 141.56 + 6 = 147.56 kN /m
Number shear at Support beam n = 8
dia = 360 / 8 = 45° = / 3 = radius
∴ M aximumshearatSupport = W xRxdia/2 = (147.56x2x/2)/2
= 231.7 kN
Support moment (mu)
=KWR2 ϕ = 0.089x147.56x22 x/3 = 55.01kN.m
Mid span moment:
K’WR2 (ϕ) = 0.045x147.56x22 x/3 = 27.81kN.mM axi − torisionalmoment :
=K”WR2 (dia) = 0.009x147.56x22 x/3 = 5.56kN.m
It occurs at (alpha)=12.75° with radius joining the column portion let us use limit state
method for design and make use of s.p16 for design.
keeping effecting of 50 mm,d= 550 mm
d’/d=50/550=0.1
Mu/bd2 = 1.5x55.01x106 /350x5502 = 0.779
Referring to table 51 in sp-16
Pt=1.33 and Pc=0.146
Ast=1.33x350x550/100 = 2566 mm2

19
Asc=0.146/100x350x550 = 281 mm2
Provide 8 bars of 20 mm as the tensile steel and 2 bars of 20 mm as compression steel
8x/4Ö20x2=2513 mm2
Ast provided =2513 mm2 attopnearsupport.
2x/4x202 = 628mm2 atbottomnearsupports.
At mid span moment is almost half of that at supports.Hence provide 4bars mid span as
tensile reinforcement
Check for torsion at α12.75 = 0.2225radius
It’s distance from support=2Ö0.2225 =0.445 m
Torisonal moment =T=5.56 kN.m
Tu=1.5x5.56 kN.m
Bending moment =55.01-147.56x0.8352 /2 = 3.56kN.M
Mu=200 kN.m
Me=200+1.5x5.56x1+600/500/1.7 = 213.3 kN.m
At support mu = 1.5x55.01 = 82.51 kN.m
Hence the reinforcement provided at support may be continued to take care of this section
also.
SHEAR REINFORCEMENT :
V = 82.51 kN.m
Vu=82.51x1.5 = 123.76 kN.m
τc = 123.76x1000/350x550 = 0.642N/mm2
Increase the section. Let b= 400 mm.
Ast provide 2875 mm2
P = 2875 x 100 / 400 x 550 = 1.307 N/ mm2
τc = 0.70N/mm2
Vus = Vu - C ibd = 123.76 x 1000 - 0.70 x 400 x 550= 30240 N
Using 2 legged 12 mm Sv = 0.87 x fy x Asv x d / Vus
= 0.87 x 415 x 2 x /4 x 12 2 x550/30240
= 124.70 mm
Provide 12 mm 2 legged stirrup at 100 mm c/c Support shear radius by W = 147.56 kN per
meter length
Hence increase the spacing to 160 after 1 m I.e. provide 2 legged 12 mm stirrups at 160 mm
c/c in the middle half portion
Side face reinforcement = 0.1 / 100 x 400 x 550 = 220 mm2

20
Provide one bar of 12 mm at mid-depth on both faces.

21
Chapter 5

CIRCULAR WATER TANK

ANALYSIS USING SAP2000

5.1 CONCEPT OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK

Circular tank is considered as the easiest form of water tank. The lesser amount of material is
needed for maintaining the similar amount of storage. Besides, due to its circular shape it
does not contain any corner and it can be water resistant. It is very cost-effective for lesser
storage of water up to 20000000 liters and with diameter in the range of 5 to 8 m. The
intensity of the storage is among 3 to 4 m. The side walls are built up for hoop tension and
bending moments.

5.2 DESIGN CRITERIA AS PER IS CODES

5.2.1 The Dome

At top, usually 100 mm to 150 mm thick with reinforcement along the meridians and
latitudes. The rise is usually l/5th of the span.

5.2.2 Ring beam supporting the dome

The ring beam is necessary to resist the horizontal component of the thrust of the dome. The
ring beam will be designed for the hoop tension induced.

22
5.2.3 Cylindrical walls

This should be designed for hoop tension caused due to horizontal water pressure.

5.2.4 Ring beam

Ring beam at the junction of the cylindrical walls and the conical wall: This ring beam is
provided to resist the horizontal component of the reaction of the conical wall on the
cylindrical wall. The ring beam will be designed for the induced hoop tension.

5.2.5 slab

This will be designed for complete load due to water pressure and top ring beam and top ring
beam and wall. The slab will also be designed as a slab spanning between the ring beam at
top and the ring girder at bottom.

5.2.6 Floor of the tank

The floor may be circular or domed. This slab is supported on the ring girder.

5.2.7 The ring girder

This will be designed to support the tank and its contents. The girder will be supported on
columns and should be designed for resulting bending moment and Torsion.

23
5.2.8 Columns

These are to be designed for the total load transferred to them. The columns will be braced
at intervals and have to be designed for wind pressure or seismic loads whichever govern.

5.2.9 Foundations

A combined footing is usually provided for all supporting columns. When this is done, it is
usual to make the foundation consisting of a ring girder and a circular slab.

5.3 MODELLING AND ANALYSIS

For the analysis of circular type elevated water tank following dimensions are considered
which are described below. From the study of the circular elevated type water tank, main
objective is to know deflected shape, stresses and B.M. for the same.

5.4 SAP-2000 PROCEDURE FOR DESIGN OF TANK

1)Open sap2000 software by double clicking on sap icon and click on file and open new model
and units in kN,m,C and select tamplate grid only
2) after tamplate grid the quick grid lines screen will appear and the enter the number of grid
lines and spacing of grid, first grid lines location should be in (0,0,0) and press ok
3) and then select x-z plane and then go in edit grid data and click on modify/show system
and then enter our required values in x grid Data, y grid Data,Z Grid Data and bubble size
=1.25 and press ok

24
 Figure 5.1: over head tabk in sap2000

4) click on define property click on section properties and click on new property and select
frame section property type =concrete and give section name B60x40 and select meterial
4000Psi and go in reinforcement date the select the beam(m3 design only)press ok after that
change the dimensions (0.6x0.4)press ok then again go in add copy of property and take
section name B60x30 after that change the dimensions press ok .And again add to copy
property section name c60x50 and change the dimensions and go in concrete reinforcement
and design type is column pess enter and check or design is to reinforcement is to be checked
pess enter and change the colour and press enter and check all properties are written
currently or not.
5) again go in define-section property -area section add new section-section
Name=wall24-change the colour press ok -add new section -section name=s150 – thickness
-membrane0.15and bending=0.15 – change colour and press enter and press enter.
6)Go in draw frame –select section c60x60-draw the column line and section=none—and then
click on draw spacial joint and then go in properties of object and go in through offset x,
offset y and offset z by using these offset and according to our diagram draw the sap tank .
7) select all lines – edit –move – change coordinate by delta y(-of dia of tank)—press enter.

25
8)go in Clr at the left side of the computer screen select lines—edit – extrude-extrude line to
areas -radial- rotate about axis =z and enter rotate about point and data should be entered
and press enterAnd data source abject also select.
9) after that go in set display options and click on it and remove fill object and go in edit
extrude –extrude line to area—radial –s150—rotate about axis press okAnd then again
display options select sections press ok or fill object etc., You can choose it is our convenient.

Figure 5.2: design of tank

10) click on edit – replicate -radial-parallelTo z intersection of line with xy plane (x and y)
values are entered –change angle and number press ok.
11)go in edit – edit line – divide frame – select divide at intersection with visible grid planes
in the current coordinate system press ok 12 select dots on single column and go in edit –
extrude points to frame/cables – radial –property for added objects –select
B60x60—nubers(change ex-8)—angle (ex=45) press ok.
13)go in edit – extrude – extrude points to frames/cables –radial – property for added
objects=B60x40 – rotation about axis=Z—angle 22.5 and number is 16 and press ok.
14) select bottom point of column and go in assign – joints – restrain –fixed—ok 15) analyse
the tank by giving water load and wind pressure if it requiredMessag.

26
 Figure 5.3: costruction of columns in sap2000

Figure 5.4: costruction of bracings for columns in sap2000

27
Figure 5.5: 3d view of over head tank

Figure 5.6: top view of over head tank

28
Chapter 6

RESULTS

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SAP RESULTS AND MANUAL RESULTS

29
Chapter 7

ANALYSIS RESULTS SAP2000

Figure 7.1: Analysis Results

30
 Figure 7.2: Shear Results

Figure 7.3: Bending Moment Results

31
Figure 7.4: Displacement Results

32
Figure 7.5: Failure zones in tank

33
Chapter 8

CONCLUSION

The present study concentrates on the analysis and design of a water tank structure by
SAP2000 and Manual methods. Following are the conclusions drawn from the present study.
1. Water tanks are important structures and hence they should be properly analyzed and
designed for self weight and water pressure loading. SAP2000 is a convenient tool for the
analysis and design of water tank structures.
2. A comparison made between the internal forces in terms of stresses calculated from manual
analysis and that calculated by SAP2000 It was found that the difference in stress calculated
from manual and SAP2000 analysis is within acceptable limits of engineering practice.
3. The difference in the area of the steel required from manual calculations and SAP2000
shows a little difference.Hence there is a fair agreement the results calculated from two
aproaches
4. The main conclusion is that it is easy to design and analysis in sap2000 with campared to
manual design and we can not show failure points in manual design

34
Chapter 9

REFERENCES

1. G.S. Birdie, surface water sources, quality quantity of water, water distribution system,
Hydraulic design of pressure pipes, Consulting Engineer and Govt. of India, Founder
principal J.L.N. Polytechnic Mahmudabad. (Sitapur).
2. P.N. modi S.M. Seth, flow through pipes, turbulent flow in pipes
3. N. Krishna Raju, limit state design, ultimate strength of concrete reinforced sections,
working stress method, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore.
4. IS 3370:2009 “Concrete structures for storage of liquids”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New
Delhi, India.
5. MOHAMMED AZGAR, N. RAMYA SMRUTHI, Design of Circular Water Tank by using
STAAD Pro Software , international journal of science engineering and technology research,
ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.06,Issue.29 September-2017, Pages:5642-5650.
6. Design of Circular Overhead Water Tank, International Journal of Engineering Research in
Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE), ISSN (Online) 2456-1290, Vol 2, Issue 7, July
2017.
7. Design Of Elevated Circular Water Tank Using Is-3370:2009, Roshan Y. Gawarle,Himani
Dakare, Palash A. Wagh, Naina Dokare , IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) (e):
2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 PP 05-11.
8. ANALYSIS OF OVERHEAD WATER TANK WITH DIFFERENT STAGING HEIGHT
AND BASE WIDTH, Mr. Santosh Rathod, Prof. M. B. Ishwaragol, International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), e-ISSN: 2395 -0056, p-ISSN:
2395-0072,Volume: 05 Issue: 06 June-2018.

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