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Ratio Analysis Excercise
Ratio Analysis Excercise
Ratio Analysis Excercise
EBITDA
Operating Profitability
Gross Profit Margin
Operating Profit Margin
Net Profit Margin
Total Leverage
Operating Leverage
Financial Leverage
Dec-22 Dec-23 Dec-24 Dec-25 Dec-26 Dec-27
16,471
6,454
10,017
6,019
113
3,885
74
164
3,647
787
2,860
165
2,695
3.15
3.14
856.8
859.3
21.6%
Dec-22 Dec-23 Dec-24 Dec-25 Dec-26 Dec-27
Revolver
Sales
COGS
Purchases
Solvency Ratios
Current ratio
Quick ratio
Cash ratio
Turnover Ratios
Receivables turnover
Inventory Turnover
Payables turnover
Days 365
Average receivables collection period
Average inventory processing period
Average Payable Days (payment period)
Cash Collection Cycle
Operating Efficiency
Total asset turnover (Sales / Average Assets)
Net fixed asset turnover
Equity turnover
Sustainable Growth
Dec-22 Dec-23 Dec-24 Dec-25 Dec-26 Dec-27
888
1,264
1,673
513
4,338
5,716
3,824
2,894
291
857
17,920
258
9
1,393
403
2,341
4,404
7,334
426
2,655
14,819
-
1,466
2,969
25,390
(6,770)
(1)
(20,311)
2,743
358
3,101
17,920 -
- - - - - -
3,885.0
539.0
164.0
need to Asssum
Company - ABC
Consolidated Cash Flows
Dec-18 Dec-19 Dec-20 Dec-21 Dec-22 Dec-23 Dec-24 Dec-25 Dec-26 Dec-27
Operating Activities
Net income including noncontrolling interests $ 2,558 $ 2,527 $ 2,860
Adjustments to reconcile net income
to net cash provided by operations:
Depreciation and amortization 511 519 539
Restructuring and termination benefits, net of cash -7 18 -71
Stock-based compensation expense 109 100 107
Loss on early extinguishment of debt 23
Charge for U.S. tax reform 80
Deferred income taxes 27 17 -120
Voluntary benefit plan contributions (67) (113)
Cash effects of changes in:
Receivables (79) 19 138
Inventories (58) (77) (251)
Accounts payable, accrued income tax & other accruals 18 36 520
Other non-current assets and liabilities (36) 87 (26)
Net cash provided by operations 0 3,056 3,133 3,719
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures (436) (335) (410)
Purchases of marketable securities and investments (169) (184) (143)
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities and investments 156 131 124
Payment for acquisitions, net of cash acquired (728) (1,711) (353)
Other 7 3
Net cash used in investing activities 0 (1,170) (2,099) (779)
Financing Activities
Revolver
Short-term borrowing/(repayment) less than 90 days - net 546 294 497
Principal payments on debt (725) (1,441) (1,061)
Proceeds from issuance of debt 2,595
Dividends paid (1,591) (1,614) (1,654)
Purchases of treasury shares (1,238) (1,202) (1,476)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and excess tax benefits 329 498 874
Purchases of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries -99
Net cash used in financing activities 0 (2,679) (870) (2,919)
Effect of exchange rate changes on Cash and cash equivalents (16) (7) (16)
Net increase (decrease) in Cash and cash equival 0 (809) 157 5