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American Colonial Architecture

Architecture (University of Santo Tomas–Legazpi)

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American Colonial Architecture

Tropical Hybrid Design

 Familiar local architecture icons from Hispanized

colonial structures overlaid with a neoclassical
massing.
Capitol of Pangasinan
Colonial Infrastructures
▪ Supervised by Ralph Harrington Doane
 Buildings were built to facilitate ventures in ▪ Consulting Architect
military control, public health, education, and
commerce.

Official Architectural Styles

Colonial Revival Mission

▪ Use of clay roof tiles, adobe, concrete, stucco,

Philippine General Hospital
gabled roof, round arch entrances, arcades,
corridors, and mirador towers. ▪ Manila
▪ William Parsons
Neoclassicism

▪ Revival of using Greek and Roman orders as

decorative motifs.

Bureau of Public Works

▪ Nerve center of colonial architectural production
▪ Function was confined to the construction of
roads and public buildings Manila Hotel
▪ Consultations, repair, design, and supervision of
▪ William Parsons.
construction
▪ One of the most prestigious hotels in the world
▪ Consulting architects: William Parsons, George
during its time
Fenhagen, and Ralph Harrington Doane.

Camp John Hay Improvements in Sanitation

▪ Baguio Cubeta
▪ Protected Baguio and the nearby gold mines and
▪ pail system
projected the American military presence in
▪ toilet among the dwellers of the Bahay Kubo
northern Luzon
▪ Public toilet sheds were also installed in
▪ Also served as a rest and recreation camp for
congested nipa districts.
officers and men.
▪ A latrine system was also developed for remote
areas

The Sanitary Barrio

▪ Neighborhood concept
▪ Nipa houses built on highly regulated blocks of
Fort William McKinley subdivided lots.
▪ Built-in system of surface drainage, public
▪ Manila latrines, public bath houses and laundry, and
▪ Home of the Philippine Division public water hydrant
▪ The main American ground unit in the ▪ free of charge
Philippines.

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Tsalet Gabaldon Schoolhouses

▪ The healthy housing alternative.” ▪ Set of mass-produced
▪ Tropical features of vernacular buildings model schoolhouses.
combined with hygienic structural principles
▪ Modern materials that gave premium to light,
ventilation, and drainage
▪ Constructed of wood or ferroconcrete.
▪ Steps leading to a veranda, floor to ceiling
partitions, bedrooms, living and dining room,
kitchen, and toilet and bath. Davao Municipal Hall Calape Municipal
Building (Bohol)

Urban Planning
▪ Proposed ideas of organized comprehensive
urban planning
▪ Principles of the City Beautiful Movement
Filipino Architects
Formulaic Elements
Pensionado Program
▪ A civic core
▪ Wide radial avenues ▪ Scholarship launched by the government
▪ Landscaped promenades ▪ Allowed Filipino students to pursue
▪ Visually arresting panorama
university education in the United States
Proposed plans for the development of Manila and
Baguio
First Generation Architects
▪ Carlos Baretto
▪ Daniel Burnham
▪ Antonio Toledo
▪ Tomas Mapua
▪ Arcadio Arellano
▪ Tomas Arguelles
▪ Juan Arellano

Carlos Baretto
▪ First Filipino architect with an academic degree
from abroad
▪ FIRST PENSIONADO.
▪ One of the pioneering staff of the Division of
Improvements in Construction Architecture.

▪ Importing American Architecture and building Antonio Toledo

technology
▪ Manila City Hall
New Materials and Systems ▪ Master of the Neoclassic style.
▪ First architect- educators.
▪ Use of STEEL-FRAMED skeleton construction,
reinforced concrete (ferroconcrete), and
concrete hollow blocks.
▪ The KAHN TRUSS SYSTEM, trussed bars were
placed within concrete moulds for floor slabs and
beams.
▪ Production of PREFABRICATED components and
precast concrete ornaments. Leyte Capitol Building
▪ Adoption of STANDARDIZED PLANS and
modularized systems for building types.
Department of Tourism Building

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Tomas Mapua Juan Arellano

▪ First registered architect in the Philippines, ▪ Promoted the SHIFT TO PROTO- MODERN
established (ART DECO AND STREAMLINE MODERN)
and nativist phase of Philippine architecture.
Mapua Institute of Technology in 1925
▪ first architectural school in the Philippines.
Metropolitan Museum,
-Manila

-Art Deco

National Museum
De La Salle University, Main Building. Tomas Mapua.
 formerly the
Legislative Building
 Manila

Post Office Building

 Manila
Felix Rojas Y. Arroyo
▪ maestro de obra
▪ master in construction during the spanish
colonialization
▪ first Filipino architect Benitez Hall (Education)
Arcadio Arellano  UP Diliman
▪ First Filipino to be employed by the Americans as
one of their architectural advisors.
▪ Pioneered in the establishment of an architectural
and surveying office in the country.

Malcolm Hall (Law)

 UP Diliman.
Gota de Leche Building,
Manila.

Second Generation Archiects

▪ Andres Luna de San Pedro
Mausoleum of the Veterans of ▪ Pablo Antonio
the Veterans ▪ Fernando Ocampo
▪ Juan Nakpil

Andres Luna de San Pedro

▪ Introduced new architectural forms in the
Tomas Arguelles Philippines
▪ Incorporating modern and exotic design motifs
▪ Advocated the enforcement of the Building Code through the grammar of art deco.
of Manila
▪
Heacock’s Building
▪ Regina Building, Manila
■ One of the major department
stores of the period.

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Crystal Arcade ▪ National Artist for Architecture.

▪ Worked largely in the Art Deco style, combining
▪ Manila stylized flora and angular forms.
▪ Andres Luna de San Pedro.
▪ Manila’s most modern building before WWII Gonzalez Hall,
▪ Art Deco.
▪ UP Diliman.
▪ Main Library

Quezon Hall,
▪ UP Diliman
▪ Admin Building

Pablo Antonio
▪ National Artist for Architecture
▪ His buildings were characterized by clean lines, Quiapo Church,
plain surfaces, and bold rectangular masses. ▪ Manila
▪ President of the Philippine Institute of Architects ▪ (Reconstruction and
addition of dome and
belfry.)
FEU Main Building.
▪ Art Deco.

The Commonwealth
Ideal Theater
▪ Transition government
▪ Increasing population in Manila
▪ A new city was being contemplated to cushion the
impending urban sprawl.

Galaxy Theater Barrio Obrero

▪ Homesite project
▪ Aims to provide the workingmen and permanent
Fernando Ocampo employees with homes at reasonable cost.
▪ Will serve as model residential and community
■ Designed with straightforward simplicity, center.
synthesizing traditional designs with art-deco
ornaments.

■ co-founded the UST School of Fine Arts and

Architecture in 1930.

Manila Cathedral. UST Central Seminary

Building.

Neo-Romanesque.

Juan Nakpil

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Angel Nakpil
Post-war and the Republic Years National Press Club Building

Third Generation Architects ▪ Manila

▪ Otilio Arellano ▪ Jose Zaragoza

▪ Carlos Arguelles ▪ Francisco Fajardo

▪ Cesar Concio ▪ Augusto Fernando Alfredo Luz

▪ Cresenciano de ▪ Carlos Banaag Ramon Magsaysay Center

Castro
▪ Gines Rivera ▪ Manila.
▪ Gabriel Formoso
▪ Antonio Heredia
▪ Leandro Locsin
▪ Mañosa Brothers
▪ Alfredo Luz (Jose, Francisco,
and Manuel Jr.)
▪ Felipe Mendoza

▪ Angel Nakpil
Gabriel Formoso

Modern Architecture Pacific Star Building,

▪ Makati City
▪ Modern architecture provided the image
▪ represented growth, progress, advancement, and
decolonization

Features of Modern Architecture

Carlos Arguelles
▪ Utilization of reinforced concrete, steel and glass.
▪ The predominance of cubic forms, geometric Philamlife Building,
shapes, Cartesian grids.
▪ The absence of applied decoration. ▪ Manila

Cesar Concio
Church of the Risen Lord, UP Diliman.

State Architecture
▪ Capital cities, institutional buildings, and national
monuments as symbols of national power.

Federico Ilustre

Palma Hall (Arts and Sciences)

GSIS Building, Manila.
■ Head of the Division
Melchor Hall (Engineering)
of Architecture.

First institutional buildining

na modern ang ginamit

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Federico Ilustre Space Age Architecture

▪ Significant events in science fueled faith in
technology and this was transcoded in
architecture and design.

Marcos de Guzman
Residence of Artemio Reyes.
▪ ` - Plateriform, saucer-shape motif.
Quezon Memorial Shrine ▪

▪ Quezon City.
▪ (Art Deco)
▪ 66 meters ( age ni Quezon nung namatay sya)
▪ 3 angels represent Luzon Visayas and Mindanao
Mañosa Brothers
Residence of Ignacio Arroyo.

Veterans Memorial Building,

Mutya ng Pasig Revolving
▪ Manila. Federico Ilustre.
Restaurant.
▪ Demolished

Ruperto Gaite

Thin Shell
▪ A three-dimensional curved plate structure of
reinforced concrete;

▪ Thin compared to its dimension and load-

Quezon City Assembly Hall, Quezon City. carrying.
Juan Nakpil Leandro Locsin
Parish of the Holy Sacrifice,
UP Diliman.
■ - National Artist for
Architecture.

SSS Building, Quezon City.

Church of St. Andrew,

-Makati City
Rizal Theater

Commercial Bank & Trust Building

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Carlos Arguelles
Cathedral of the
Holy Child, Manila.

Araneta Coliseum
▪ Cubao,
▪ Quezon City
▪ Designed by the Progressive Development
Corporation Carlos Santos- Viola
▪ owned by J. Amado Araneta
▪ one of the largest coliseums and indoor facilities Iglesia ni Cristo,
in Asia Central. Quezon City.
▪ one of the largest clear span domes in the world.

Folded Plate
▪ A roof structure in which strength and stiffness is
derived from pleated or FOLDED GEOMETRY.

▪ Formed by joining flat, thin slabs along their

edges.

Felipe Mendoza
Victor Tiotuyco Manila Mormon Temple,
Quezon City.

UP International
Center, UP Diliman

Planning Developments
▪ Addressing the growing dilemma in urban
Modern Churches migration.

▪ Worship spaces adapted the new and

straightforward geometries.
The New Capitol City
▪ Sculptural acrobatics was achieved with the use ▪ R.A. No. 333 of July 17, 1948:
of POURED CONCRETE (liquid stone). ▪ Quezon City was inaugurated as the new capital
city
Jose Ma. Zaragoza ▪ Capital City Planning Commission was created.

Santo Domingo Church, Quezon City. Arellano-Frost Plan

Constitution Hills, new
site of the government
center located on a high
plateau.

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Suburbia and The Bungalow Benguet Corporation Building

▪ Subdivision development went full blast, ▪ Leandro Locsin

patterned after the American suburbia ▪ First and oldest mining company in the
Philippines
(automobile culture).
▪ Generated from planning concepts such as
“Garden City” (Ebenezer Howard) and
“neighbourhood units” (Clarence Perry).

Housing Agencies
▪ People’s Homesite Corporation (PHC)
First government housing agency;
established model residential
communities for the low income
bracket. GSIS Building
▪ National Housing Corporation (NHC) ▪ Pasay City
Constructed Heroes Hill, the ▪ Jorge Ramos
residential units for military officials.

PHHC
▪ People’s Homesite and Housing Corporation,
merged PHC and NHC.

▪ Designed and developed the mass-fabrication of

low- cost bungalow units (Kamuning Housing
Projects and Projects 1 - 8 and 16).
Felipe Mendoza
▪ Single-detached, duplex, and rowhouses.
Development Academy of the
Mid- and High-income Subdivisions Philippines, Pasig City.

▪ Philam Life Homes

Developed by the Philippine American Life Insurance
Company for moderate income families.

▪ Ayala y Compania
Developer of exclusive suburban villages; aimed to Pierced Screens
transform Makati into the most modern community in the
country. Masonry that is perforated, pierced, or lattice-like;
functioned mainly as diffusers of light and doubled as
Regional Tropicalism exterior decorative meshes.

▪ Tropicalism intertwined with the incorporation of

attributes of the region’s endemic and traditionally
built environment Abelardo Hall (Music),

▪ UP Diliman
▪ Roberto Novenario.
San Miguel Corporation Building,

▪ Mañosa brothers
▪ IP Santos, father of Philippine Landscape
Architecture.

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Brise Soleil Cresenciano de Castro

▪ Or sun breakers; ▪ Asian Development Bank
▪ an architectural baffle device placed outside Building, Manila.
windows or projected over the entire surface of a ▪ Introduced the use of exposed
building’s façade. aggregate finish.
▪ Brutalist design
Captain Luis Gonzaga Building,
Insular Life Building,
▪ Rizal Avenue corner Carriedo.
▪ Pablo Antonio. ▪ Cesar Concio.
▪ First office building to surpass the old height
restriction in the Makati CBD.
Julio Victor Rocha ▪ Redeveloped in 2005 by the Japanese firm,
Takenobu Mohri Architects and Associates.
Roque Roano Building, UST Manila.
■ Initiated the successful use of brise soleil.

Neo Vernacular
▪ A nostalgic attempt to recreate a style from the
past. “Folk architecture”
▪ Bahay Kubo became architectural archetypes.

Meralco Building.
Juan Nakpil
▪ Jose Zaragosa.
Cotabato Municipal Hall.
▪ First building to rise
along Ortigas Avenue. ■ Tausug house silhouette;
naga tadjuk pasung gable
finial.

Skyscrapers
▪ MANILA ORDINANCE NO. 4131 Mañosa Brothers
▪ allowed maximum height of buildings to be
increased from 30 TO 45 METERS Sulo Hotel

Angel Nakpil

▪ Picache Building, Manila.

▪ Considered as the first skyscraper
in the Philippines. Otilio Arellano
Philippine Pavilion,

▪ 1964 New York’s Fair.

Luis Ma. Araneta

▪ Araneta-Tuason Building, Manila Leandro Locsin

▪ First to use vertical brise soleil as a
Philippine Pavilion,
decorative feature.
▪ 1970 Osaka
World Exposition.

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