VOCABULARY

Travel :

Snarl a drive to –to make or become stuck, knotted, or blocked, and so unable to move easily.

Creep up on-to approach someone quietly, so that the person is suddenly surprised.If an event, day, or
condition creeps up on you, you are surprised by its arrival, esp. because it has come gradually

Throw a wrench-to damage or change (something) in a way that ruins it or prevents it from working
properly

Raging brush fire-continuing with great force or intensityfire involving low-growing plants

Notorious- famous or well known,typically for some bad quality or deed

Picks-the act or privilege of choosing or selected,one that is picked

Alternative routes-other possible ways

At the gate-stand at a part of airport where travelers are allowed to get on/off a particular aircraft

To be stuck in traffic-to be unable to get out of (traffic)

To lose its value-to be cheaper than it was before

Allocate-przeznaczyc,to give smth to someone as share of total amount

CEO- the highest-ranking person in a company

Hold the plane-to keep something(plane)

To be emblazoned with-marked or shown in order to be very noticeable,ozdobiony*

Use more common sense-the basic level of practical knowledge and judgment that we all need to help us
live in a reasonable way(zdrowyrozsadek)

Check out-prove that smth is true or correct

Carrier contract with carriage-contract between a carrier of goods and passengers

Barefoot-without shoes

Offensive odor-annoyed,distinctive(charakterystyczny) smell,especially unpleasant one

Saggy pants-wearing pants below the waist

To be given a boot-to be told to leave job/school/airport

To be clad only in-to be clothed

At your peril-at ones own risk(used in warnings)

Prime time-the time when the largest number of people are somewhere
Getting stuck in airports-

To keep someone occupied-to give sbsmth to do for a period of time,so that they won”t be bothered

Getting in the line-

Suspect -to think or believe smth to be true or probably

Embassy-the official residence or offices of an ambassador representing some country

To get an replacement passport-to get another passport which could replace lost

To verify identity-to make sure that the fact of being a person that you are is true,accurate

To keep another on your person-to keep smth in a pocket,bag,or attached to you

To miss a flight-you arrive too late to catch it

To be not served by-

to provide with something

Snafu-Situation Normal:All Fucked Up-a situation in which nothing has happened as planned

To head for-to go,to be destined to go

Resulting confusion-to cause uncertainty about what is happening

To wait out of storm-wait till the end of storm(bed weather)

To be heading to-in the direction to

To examine –to study smth carefully

To check for updates-to check new information about something

Knowingly-in full awareness

To board a flight-to get on plane in order to travel

Itinerary-a planned route or journey

If the alternative is being delayed for days-

Receipts-a piece of paper which proves that money/good have been received

To expense-to be given money back

To raise the bag fees-money that you pay for your baggage

To throw oneself on the mercy of –to beg someone for mercy

To mount a Facebook campaign-to organize and initiate a campaign or other course

To pry a refund-(zadac)to try to obtain a repaymenr=t of a sum of money

To have a credit card handy-(miec pod reka)close at hand

To take cash-to take money in coins or notes

Jokingly-in a humorous manner

To land in jail-end up in prison

Security checkpoints-a barrier where travelers are subject to security checks

Stunning-extremely attractive or impressive(beautiful)

Thriving(syn flourishing)-growing and developing /and very successful

Vibrant-full of life and energy

Cobbled streets-streets with the surface of old round stones

Remarkably-in a n unusual or surprising way

Diverse-of many different kind

Undergo sth-experience a process of change

Restoration-the work of repairing old buildings/paintings

Laze around-relax and do very little

Soak sth up-absorb or take sth into your senses/body/mind

Go for a wander(around/it)-walk slowly without a real purpose or direction

Retain sth-keep something(retention-noun)

Charm-a pleasant or attractive quality or feature

Off the beaten track-far away from other people and houses

Trek-a long hard walk,often in the mountains

Unique-being the only one of its kind

Get away from it all-go somewhere different to have a rest or holiday

Remote(syn isolated)-far from places where other people live

Unspoilt-beatiful because it has not been changed or built on

Unwind/chill out/take it easy/recharge your batteries

Exciting-

Spectacular-

Rural-

Bustling-full of activity and noise

Dark and dingy-dark and depressing(for rooms)

Drab-grey and depressing

Draughty-cold because cold currents of air continually enter it(under the door/through cracks in the
window)

Dreary-boring and depressing

Gloomy-dark and depressing

Godforsaken-horrible/boring and depressing(for towns/cities)

Musty-old and damp-smelling

Damp-smelling-

Picturesque-very pretty(for buildings/towns/villages)

Plush-very comfortable and expensively decorated(For rooms/hotels/restaurants)

Pok(e)y-uncomfortably small

Seedy-dirty and untidy and generally connected with illegal/immoral activities

Remote-far away from others towns/villages/people

Sleepy-a very quiet place where very little happens

Spacious-very large

Stuffy-lacking fresh air and unpleasant as a result

Touristy-ldesigned to attract tourists(with big hotels/nightclubs/shopping centres

Unspoiled-has not lost its local character because of tourist developments

Above all-especially/in particular

An air fare-the money you pay for a ticket to fly on a plane

Attentive-helpful and polite

To boast-if place(hotel/resort) boasts a particular facility , it has this facility(brochure language)

To book in advance-to reserve a ticket/a hotel room some time before you travel/stay in a hotel

To confiscate sth-to take sth away from sb as a punishment

To consist of-to be made of

Crystal clear waters-transparent water

A custom officer-an official who checks your bags when you go through customs

Direct flight-not stopping anywhere on route

Discerning-sb who has got good taste and enjoys expensive things

To erupt-if a volcano erupts , it explodes

A five-star hotel-a luxury hotel

To get away from-escape from/leave behind

To haggle(over the price of sth)-to argue with sb over the price of sth you want to buy

High/peak season-the time of the year when most people take their holidays

To be jet-lagged-to feel very tired and disorientated as a result of having flown somewhere

To be littered with sth-to have been made untidy and unpleasant by sth

A local speciality-if a particular kind of food or dish is a local speciality,it is common and particularly good in
a certain area

To look onto-to have a view of

To be on offer-to be available to buy or use/be sold at a reduced price

Running water-water that comes from a tap

To soak up the sun-to sunbathe

A stopover-a short stay somewhere during a long plane journey

Stretch of beach-an area of beach

A tariff-the price you pay for a room in a hotel(formal)

To touch down-to land(for aircraft)

To while away the/your time-to spend time in a pleasant way doing sth that does not require too much
physical activity(+-ing form)

Camp site

Self-catering-

Guesthouse-

Youth hostel-

Holiday camp-

Tome-share apartment-

Cot

Vacated-

Sunbathe-

Do/go some sightseeing-

Go for a drive-

Hiking-

Touring-

Go climbing/mountaineering-

Camping-

Go on an excursion-

Injuries-

Sticky-fingered-a thief

Indicator-a thing that indicates a state/level(wskaznik)

Adventurous-

Perilous-full of danger or risk

Embassy-the official residence(ambasada)

Abducted-taken away illegally/by force

Cautious-careful to avoid potential problems/dangers

Striking-attracting attention by being unusual/extreme(uderzajacy)

Fatal-

Unscrupulous-having or showing no moral principles/not honest or fair

Lousy-very poor or bad/disgusting(parszywy/wszawy)

The latter-the second of two people/things(ten ostatni)

Downside-a drawback/minus
Overlooking-fail to notice or have a view of from above

Reported-

Amenities-useful features or facilities(udogodnienia)

Unaware-

Commonplace-not unusual/ordinary thing(banal/powszechny)

Upheaval-a violent/sudden change(przewrot)

Populous-having a large population(gestozaludniony)

Murder rate-

Invigorate-to make someone feel fresher/healthier/more energetic

Inherent-existing in sth as a permanent/essential and natural part of it(nieodlaczny)

Petty-of little importance/trivial(drobny/malostkowy)

War-torn-severely damaged by a long war

Desperate-feeling or showing a hopeless sense that a situation is so bad as to be impossible to deal

with(Zdesperowany/rozpaczliwy)

Marauder-a person or animal that goes from one place to another looking for people to kill or things to
destroy or steal

Crave –to have a very strong feeling of wanting sth

Casualty-a person injured or killed an a serious accident or war

Outweigh-be heavier/greater/or more significant

Payoff-a payment made to someone,especially so that they do not cause trouble

Stick around-to stay somewhere for a period of time

Barrio-a district of a town in Spain

Chasm-a very deep opening opening in rock/a very large difference between two opinions or groups of
people

Hotbed-a place or situation where a lot of a particular activity is happening or might happen

Foreseeable-able to predict

Terrain-an area of land

Rugged-not easy to travel/not delicate

Con men-a man who cheats or tricks someone by gaining their trust and persuading them to belivesth that
is not true

Swivel-turning around a central point to face in another direction

Scammer-someone who makes money using illegal methods,especially by tricking people

Grifter-someone who gets money dishonestly by tricking people

Nefarious-morally bad

Rife-widespread;very common or frequent

Flatly-showing little interest or emotion

Prohibit-to officially refuse to allow sth

Even from afar-from a great distance

Ascend-go up or climb(wspiacsie)

Trail-a path through a countryside/walk or move slowly

To reckon with-worth taking seriously because of being powerful/important/good(liczycsie z)

Unrest-a state of dissatisfaction/disturbance typically involving public demonstration or

disorder(niepokoj/zamieszki)

Harassment-behaviour that annoys or upsets someone(dokuczanie)

Extortion-the act of getting sth,especially money by force or threats(wymuszenie)

Thunders-

Be swept up-remove dust,dirt/to pick up someone or sth in one quick,continuous motion

Volatile-likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly(zmienny)

Genuine coup-an unexpectedly successful achievement

Carjacking-the crime of stealing a car

Mugging-an act of attacking someone and stealing

Buck-a dollar

Hemisphere-

Abduction-the act of making a person go somewhere with you ,using threats or violence

Be cautioned-be warned

Extremist-a person who holds extreme political or religious views/advocates illegal,violent action

Yield-produce or provide sth

Ridden-

Assailant-a person who physically attacks another

Gripped-to hold very tightly

Escalate-to become or make sth become greater or more serious(zwiekszac)

Militant-active/determined/often willing to use force(wojowniczy)

Proprietor-the owner of a business or a holder of property

To operate-control the functioning of a machine/process/system

Behold-to see or look at sth or someone

Abound-exist in large numbers or amounts

Chasm-

Rampant-getting worse quickly and in an uncontrolled way(nieokielznany)

Afar-at or to a distance(daleko)
Rustic-relating to the countryside/rural

Cobblestone-small/round stone used to cover road surfaces

Superpower-a very powerful and influential nation

To stroll-to walk in a slow/relaxed way,for pleasure

To take one’s toll on sth-to have a serious/bad effect on sth,to cause damage or harm

To down(a beer/a sandwich)-to consume/eat/drink sth

To dine-to eat a dinner(in a restaurant)

Daunting-seeming difficult to deal with(zniechecajacy)

Prospect-the possibility of some future events(perspektywa,przyszlosc)

Laneway-a narrow road or path(pas ruchu)

Splendor-a great beauty(przepych)

Cultural legacy-heritage of culture

Customary-ususal/traditional(zwyczajowy,powszechny)

To hold a candle-to not be as good as the person or thing mentioned/compare to someone or sth

Spectacular-beautiful in dramatic and eye-catching way(popisowy)

Come armed with-

Deceptively-misleading impression(zawodniczo)

Straightforward-uncomplicated/easy to do and understand

Piazzas-a public square

Trattorias-Italian restaurants

Ad hoc urban-created for the purpose of the city

Masterpiece-a work made with great skill

Spot-a particular place or point

Pilgrim-a person who travel for religious reasons

Revelation-a surprising and previously unknown fact

Gelato-ice cream

Come up with-to suggest or think of idea or plan

To market-advertise or promote

Exclude-to intentionally not include smth

Creche-a nursery where babies and young children are cared for during the working day(zlobek)

Incorporate-to include smth as part of something larger

Inaugural-making the beginning of an institution,activity

Leased-wydzierzawiony

Tackle-to try to deal with smth or someone

Joint-smth belonging/shared between two or more people

Scope-zakres

Quiant-attractively unusual/osobliwy

Breed-a particular type of animal or plant

Offset-to balance one influence against an opposing influence

Signage-signs collectively,especially public display signs

Floor bar-

Reception desk-desk at which a receptionist works

Impairment-act of making smth weaker so that less effective

Hand-rail-a rail to posts or a wall for people to hold on or to support

Ramp-a surface joining two different levels

Motorised buggy-a small motorized vehicle designed for a particular purpose

Signs in Braille-a tactile sign that can be reached by touch

Provider-

Provision-the action of providing or supplying something for use

Grant-a sum of money given by government for particular purpose

Voucher-a piece of paper that allows you to pay less than ususal price

Handout-smth given free to a needy person

Interest-free loan-borrower does not have to pay interest(procent)

Carrier-a company that operates aircraft

WORK/EDUCATION:
Do/study subjects

Go to/enter university

Pass examinations (A levels)

Get/obtain a place at university

Get-receive a grant (money paid for living expenses, food, accommodation)

Tuition-the money paid for teaching ;teaching

Undergraduates-a student at a university who is studying for 1 degree

Testimonial-a statement from employee which explains what they like about their job/company

Courses last/go on for/continue for

A degree-qualification when you complete the university course successfully(BA/BSc)

Graduate-someone who completed the first degree

Postgraduate course/degree=postgraduates(MA/MSc,MPhil,PhD)

Conduct/do/carry out research into/in

To give/do a lecture

Remuneration-money paid for work

Manual-relating to or done with the hands

White-collar-it a work performed in an office or other administrative setting

Blue-collar-work performed by a manual labor

Arduous-requiring effort; difficult and tiring

Fulfilling –makingsomeonesatisfiedorhappy

Administrative-relatingtotherunningof a business, organization,

Glamorous job- attractiveinanexciting

Stimulating job-o stimulatesomethingmeanstoencourageittobeginordevelopfurther

Mind-numbing-extremely boring

Gruelling-extremely demanding and tiring

Hazardous-risky; dangerous

Mundane-lacking interest or exicitement

Secure-safe ;positioned firmly

Strenuous-needing or using a lot of effort or energy

Civil servant-

Executive-a personwithseniormanagerialresponsibilityin a business.

Viable-capableofbeingdone

Go on strike-

Work to rule-Work-to-rule is a
jobactioninwhichemployeesdonomorethantheminimumrequiredbythe rules oftheircontract

Assembly-line-a line of machines and workers in a factory

Credentials/references/application-a qualification, achievement, quality, oraspectof a

person'sbackground/

Testimonial-anofficialstatementfromanemployeewhichexplainswhattheylikeabouttheir job orcompan

y

Vocation-a strongfeelingthatyouareespeciallysuitedtodo a particularjob

Employment-thestateofhavingpaidwork

Profession-

Grant-

Trade-

Occupation-a joborprofession/zawód
Be expelled-officiallymake (someone) leave a schoolorotherorganization

To be laid off-toleavetheirjob,especially temporarily

To be made redundant-your employer tells you to leave bcs your job is no longer needed

Perks-somethingextrayouget, inadditionto a salary, inexchangeforworking

Bonuses-a sumofmoneyaddedto a person'swagesas a rewardforgoodperformance

Benefits-

Go on the picket line-go and stand outside a factory

Salary/wages/profits-get at the end of month/week,depend on hours

worked/financialbenefitrealizedwhen revenue generatedfrom a businessactivity

Trainee/apprentice/recruit-a person undergoing training for a particular job/a young person who works for
someone in order to learn their skill/a new member of an organization, especially the army

Head office/department/boardroom- the most important office of a company / a separate part or branch
of a government,business /a room in which a board of directors of a company meets

The paper-shuffler-a person who pretends to be working

The strirrer-a person who intentionally causes problems

The slave driver- someonewhomakesanotherpersonworkveryhardwithlittleornohelporremuneration

The techno-freak-into electronic gadgets

To apply for a job- youwrite a letteroremail, orfillin a forminordertoaskformallyforit

To land a job-tofind a job andbehired

The yes-man-a person who always agrees withboss ,likes to please the boss

The wizz-someone who does the work very quickly

A wet-blanket-a person who spoils other people’s fun

Maternity leave-time off from a job given a mother to take care of a newborn child

To be away on sick leave-a period of time that a worker is allowed to be away from work because he is ill

To be made redundant-your employer tells you to leave bcs he no longer needs you

To make/earn one’s living-to earn the money one needs to pay for food ,etc

Work shifts-work in turns , at different times on different days

Incentives-something that encourages a person to do something

Trade union-an organized association of workers

To quit one’s job-togiveup a job orposition, especiallywhenyouhavehaditfor a longtime

Forensic-relatingtocourtsoflaw

Reciprocal-given, felt, ordoneinreturn

Run own business-to operate the company , business

Abodes-the place where someone lives

Rehearsal-a practice or trial performance of a play

To add up to-

Plasterer-tradesman who works with plaster (interior wall)

Hauliers-a person or company employed in the transport of good/materials

Tipper-a largetruckfortransportingheavyloads

Rewarding-providing satisfaction

Faint with envy-jealous

To have the patience of a saint-to always be calm and never allow anything to upset you

Unheard of-surprising or shocking because not known about

Dead beat-a person who is not willing to work and does not behave in a responsible way/completely
exhausted

Inflamed-red, painful because of infection

Chopsticks-a pair of sticks used for eating especially by Japanese

Utensils-a tool/container or other article for household

Hangover-a feeling of illness after drinking too much alcohol

In the dim and distant past-a time in the past that is not clearly remembered

Scrubbing-

Dung-the excrement of animal

Trays-a flat container –taca

Template-a pattern made of metal/plastic/paper used for making copies

Pint-a measure for liquid/half a litre

Greenhouse-a glass building in which plants are grown

Spiky-covered with spikes/easily annoyed and not polite

Splinters-a small piece of wood/glass/plastic- drzazg

Sting-żadlo

Vaguely-in a way that is not clearly expressed/a little

To go to the expense of-to spend money on something

Telesales-selling of goods over the telephone

Yellow pages-telephone directory listing business and other organisations

Lingerie-women’s underwear

Civil service-

Maggot-small worm

Stench-unpleasant smell

Appalling-causing shock or dismay

Film Buff-a personwhoisveryinterestedinandknowledgeableaboutfilms.

To be in seventh heaven-

Clairvoyant-a person who claims to have a supernatural ability to perceive events

To acquire-buy or obtain

Candyfloss-fluffy,machine spins it

Spun sugar-hardened sugar syrup

Nostrils-nozdrza

Duster-a cloth for dusting furniture

Civvy street-ordinary life

Invariably-always

Hangar-a large building for housing aircraft

Bridal shop-

Bride-to-be-a women who is soon to be married

Fluff-soft fabrics such as wool

Threads-a long thin strand of cotton

Spatula-

Congenital-somethingpresentatbirthbutnotnecessarilyinheritedfromtheparents

Haulage-thecommercialtransportofgoods

Deputy- thesecondmostimportantpersoninanorganizationsuchas a businessorgovernmentdepartment

Invariably- thingsthatdon'tchangeandnevervary — they'repredictable

Sod-usedtoreferto a person, especially a man, thatyouareannoyedwithorthinkisunpleasant.

Retirement-toleaveyourjoborstopworkingbecauseofoldageorillhealth

To be on secondment-an assignment of a member of one organization to betemporarytransferredto

another company

Relocation-theactionofmovingto a newplaceandestablishingone'shomeorbusinessthere

Transferable skills-qualitiesthatcanbetransferredfromonejobtoanother/ helpfulacrossdifferentareasoflife:

socially, professionallyandatschool

A glass ceiling-
referringtoaninvisiblebarrierthatpreventswomenandminoritiesfrombeingpromoted/a
point afterwhi
chyoucannotgoany further, usuallyin improving your position at work:
Advancement-promotion, asto a higherrank

Corporate culture- a setofbeliefsandbehaviorsthatguidehow a

company'smanagementandemployeesinteract

Red tape-Redtapeisdefinedas a
lotofofficialformsandproceduresthatareinvolvedbeforesomethingisaccomplished

Staff turnover-thenumberof employees thatleaveyourcompanyandneedreplacingin a setamountoftime

Clock in and clock out- torecordyourtimeofarrivalatwork, usuallybypunching a time clock;
tobeginwork. To clockout istorecordyourtimeofdeparturefromwork; toendwork.

A pecking-order-
thewaythatthepositionspeoplehaveare arranged according totheir status orpowerwithinthegroup.

To talk shop-re talking abouttheirwork, andthisisboringforotherpeoplewhodonotdothesamework

Job-sharing-anarrangementinwhichtwopeoplesharetheworkandpayof a singlefull-timejob

Hierarchical-arrangedinorderofrank,position

Repetitive-happeningagainandagain

To knock off-stop working

A dead-end job- a job wherethereislittleornochanceof career developmentandadvancementinto a

higherpaidposition

Allowance-a sumofmoneypaidregularlyto a persontomeetneedsorexpenses

Pension-a
regularpaymentmadebythestatetopeopleoforabovetheofficialretirementageandtosomewidowsanddisable
dpeople

Expenses-themoneythatsomethingcostsyouorthatyouneedtospendinordertodosomething

Holiday entitlement-thenumberofdaysofpaid holiday in a yearthat a workerisentitledtotake.

Comprehensive healthcare provision-coveringcompletelyorbroadlymoney, staff,

equipmentanddrugsarecombinedtodeliverhealthinterventions

Subsidized canteen-canteen wherethecompanybears a

certainamountofthefoodexpenseandtherestispaidbytheemployeesofthatorganisation.

Encounter-experience/meet unexpectedly

Degree of stress=amount

Be not accountable to anyone but yourself-

Lucrative-producing a great profit

To juggle-to balance

Encroach upon-to gradually cover more and more

Solely-only/not involving anyone else

Insight into-accurate and deep understanding of something

Foster-to encourage the development or growth

Pooling-collect together for shared use(people/money)

Mutual-given and received from two sides/towards the each other

Undermine-to make someone less confident/powerful

Stifle-stop oneself acting

Enterprise-eagerness to do smth new and clever

Initiative-the ability to give new ideas,solutions before others do

Toll-pay to use road or bridge

Labour-work hard making physical effort

The board-top management/zarzad

Deposed-remove someone important from a powerful position/removed from office forcefully

Meet a deadline-to finish work on time

Teleworker-work from home

Stuck in a rut-too fixed in one particular type of job

Plant manager-the head of a factory