CAMBRIDGE IGCSE™ BIOLOGY: END-OF-CHAPTER TEST ANSWERS

Answers for end-of-chapter 11 test

Question Answer Marks

1a This increases the volume of the thorax, [1] which reduces the pressure. [1] Air enters 4
the lungs [1] to equilibrate this pressure with the atmospheric pressure outside. [1]

1b Other muscles are required for breathing, [1] possibly intercostal muscles / muscles 2
between the ribs. [1]

1c The cartilage prevents the tube from collapsing / keeps it open [1] when the pressure in 2
the thorax drops at the start of inhalation. [1]

2a B [1] 1

2b Counting bubbles of carbon dioxide may be inaccurate / bubbles may not be seen / 1
bubbles vary in size and have different volumes of gas. [1]

2c C [1] 1

2d B [1] 1

Image size of labelled yeast cell = 5 mm. [1]

Magnification = ×1500
2ei Therefore, the actual diameter of the labelled yeast cell is 5  1500 [1] = 0.0033 mm. [1] 3
OR 3.33 µm [1]
Please note: the image size for this question might be altered when printed and the
answer may change.

2 e ii The diagram should fill as much of the box as possible [1] and be drawn with a sharp 3
pencil to produce clean, continuous lines. [1] There should be no shading. [1]

[Total: 18 marks]

1
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