1 5 Graphing Linear Functions and Inequalities Solutions

1-5 Graphing Linear Functions and Inequalities
Graph each equation by using a table.

1. 4x – 1 = y
SOLUTION:
The equation is solved for y. Make a table.

x 4x – 1 y
–2 4(–2) – 1 –9
–1 4(–1) – 1 –5
0 4(0) – 1 –1
1 4(1) – 1 3
2 4(2) – 1 7
Complete the graph.
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2. –3 = 5x – y
SOLUTION:
Solve the equation for y.
Make a table.
x 5x + 3 y
–2 5(–2) + 3 –7
–1 5(–1) + 3 –2
0 5(0) + 3 3
1 5(1) + 3 8
2 5(2) + 3 13
Complete the graph.

3. y – 4 = –2x
SOLUTION:
Make a table.
x –2x + 4 y
0 –2(0) + 4 4
1 –2(1) + 4 2
2 –2(2) + 4 0
3 –2(3) + 4 –2
4 –2(4) + 4 –4
Complete the graph.

4. y + x = 1
SOLUTION:
Make a table.
x –x + 1 y
–2 –(–2) + 1 3
–1 –(–1) + 1 2
0 –(0) + 1 1
1 –(1) + 1 0
2 –(2) + 1 –1
Complete the graph.

5. y + 3x = 1
SOLUTION:
Make a table.
x –3x + 1 y
–2 –3(–2) + 1 7
–1 –3(–1) + 1 4
0 –3(0) + 1 1
1 –3(1) + 1 –2
2 –3(2) + 1 –5
Complete the graph.

6. y + 4x – 1 = 4x + 2
SOLUTION:
Make a table.
x 3 y
–2 3 3
–1 3 3
0 3 3
1 3 3
2 3 3
Complete the graph.

Graph each equation by using the x- and y-intercepts.

7. 3y – x = 6
SOLUTION:
To find the x-intercept, let y = 0.
To find the y-intercept, let x = 0.
The x-intercept is –6, and the y-intercept is 2. This means that the graph passes through (–6, 0) and (0, 2).
Plot the two intercepts. Draw a line through the points.

8. 2x – 3y = 6
SOLUTION:
The x-intercept is 3, and the y-intercept is –2. This means that the graph passes through (3, 0) and (0, –2).

9. y – x = –3
SOLUTION:

10. –2x + y = 4
SOLUTION:

11. y – 2x = –3
SOLUTION:
The x-intercept is 1.5, and the y-intercept is –3. This means that the graph passes through (1.5, 0) and (0, –3).

12.
SOLUTION:
The x-intercept is 4, and the y-intercept is 2. This means that the graph passes through (4, 0) and (0, 2).

Graph each equation by using m and b.

13.
SOLUTION:
Identify the slope m and the y-intercept b of the function.

, b = 12
Use the value of b to plot the y-intercept (0, 12).
Use the slope of the line to plot more points. From the y-intercept, move down 5 units and right 3 units.
Plot a point at (3, 7).
From the point (3, 7), move down 5 units and right 3 units. Plot a point at (6, 2).
Draw a line through the points.

14.
SOLUTION:

,b=6
Use the slope of the line to plot more points. From the y-intercept, move up 2 units and right 3 units. Plot
a point at (3, 8).
From the point (3, 8), move up 2 units and right 3 units. Plot a point at (6, 10).

15. y = 4x – 15
SOLUTION:

m = 4, b = –15
Use the value of b to plot the y-intercept (0, –15).
Use the slope of the line m = 4 to plot more points. From the y-intercept, move up 4 units and right 1 unit. Plot a
point at (1, –11).
From the point (1, –11), move up 4 units and right 1 unit. Plot a point at (2, –7).

16. y – 2x = –1
SOLUTION:

m = 2, b = –1
point at (1, 1).
From the point (1, 1), move up 2 units and right 1 unit. Plot a point at (2, 3).

17. y – x = –4
SOLUTION:

m = 1, b = –4
Use the slope of the line m = 1 to plot more points. From the y-intercept, move up 1 unit and right 1 unit. Plot a
point at (1, –3).
From the point (1, –3), move up 1 unit and right 1 unit. Plot a point at (2, –2).

18. 4 = 3x – y
SOLUTION:

m = 3, b = –4
point at (1, –1).
From the point (1, –1), move up 3 units and right 1 unit. Plot a point at (2, 2).

Graph each inequality.

19. y > 1
SOLUTION:
Step 1 Graph the boundary.
The boundary of the graph is y = 1. Because the inequality symbol is >, the boundary is dashed.
Step 2 Use a test point and shade.
Test (0, 0).
Because (0, 0) is not a solution of the inequality, shade the half-plane that does not contain the test point.

20. y ≤ x + 2
SOLUTION:
The boundary of the graph is y = x + 2. Because the inequality symbol is ≤, the boundary is solid.
Test (0, 0).
Because (0, 0) is a solution of the inequality, shade the half-plane that contains the test point.

21. x + y ≤ 4
SOLUTION:
The boundary of the graph is y = –x + 4. Because the inequality symbol is ≤, the boundary is solid.
Test (0, 0).

22. x + 3 < y
SOLUTION:
The boundary of the graph is y = x + 3. Because the inequality symbol is <, the boundary is dashed.
Test (0, 0).

23. 2 – y < x
SOLUTION:
The boundary of the graph is y = –x + 2. Because the inequality symbol is <, the boundary is dashed.
Test (0, 0).

24. y ≥ –x
SOLUTION:
The boundary of the graph is y = –x. Because the inequality symbol is ≥, the boundary is solid.
Test (1, 1).

25. x – y > –2
SOLUTION:
The boundary of the graph is y = x + 2. Because the inequality symbol is >, the boundary is dashed.
Test (0, 0).

26. 9x + 3y – 6 ≤ 0
SOLUTION:
The boundary of the graph is y = –3x + 2. Because the inequality symbol is ≤, the boundary is solid.
Test (0, 0).

27. y + 1 ≥ 2x
SOLUTION:
The boundary of the graph is y = 2x – 1. Because the inequality symbol is ≥, the boundary is solid.
Test (0, 0).

28. y – 7 ≤ –9
SOLUTION:
The boundary of the graph is y = –2. Because the inequality symbol is ≤, the boundary is solid.
Test (0, 0).

29. x > –5
SOLUTION:
The boundary of the graph is x = –5. Because the inequality symbol is >, the boundary is dashed.
Test (0, 0).

30. y + x > 1
SOLUTION:
The boundary of the graph is y = –x + 1. Because the inequality symbol is >, the boundary is dashed.
Test (0, 0).

31. CRAFT FAIR Kylie is going to try to sell two of her oil paintings at the local craft fair. She is hoping to earn at
least $400.
a. Write the inequality that represents the constraint of the situation, where x is the price of the first oil painting, and
y is the price of the second.
b. Graph the inequality that represents the constraint on the sale.

SOLUTION:
a. The sum of the amount Kylie earns for selling the first painting, x, and the amount Kylie earns for selling the
second painting, y, is greater than or equal to $400, so the inequality x + y ≥ 400 represents this situation.
b. Graph the boundary.
The boundary of the graph is y = –x + 400. Because the inequality symbol is ≥, the boundary is solid.
Use a test point and shade. Test (0, 0).

32. BUILDING CODES A city has a building code that limits the height of buildings around the central park. The
code says that the height of a building must be less than 0.1x, where x is the distance in hundreds of feet of the
building from the center of the park. Assume that the park center is located at x = 0. Graph the inequality that
represents the building code.
SOLUTION:
Let y represent the height of a building. The height of a building must be less than 0.1x, so the inequality y < 0.1x
represents this situation.
Graph the boundary. The boundary of the graph is y = 0.1x. Because the inequality symbol is <, the boundary is
dashed.

33. WEIGHT A delivery crew is going to load a truck with tables and chairs. The trucks weight limitations are
represented by the inequality 200t + 60c < 1200, where t is the number of tables and c is the number of chairs.
Graph this inequality.
SOLUTION:
Graph the boundary.
The boundary of the graph is t = –0.3c + 6. Because the inequality symbol is <, the boundary is dashed.
34. ART An artist can sell each drawing for $100 and each watercolor for $400. He hopes to make at least $2000
every month.
a. Write an inequality that expresses how many drawings and/or watercolors the artist needs to sell each month to
reach his goal.
b. Graph the inequality.
c. If the artist sells three watercolors one month, how many drawings would he have to sell in the same month to
reach $2000?
SOLUTION:
a. The sum of the amount the artist earns for selling drawings, 100d, and the amount the artist earns for selling
watercolors, 400w, is greater than or equal to $2000, so the inequality100d + 400w ≥ 2000 represents this
situation.
The boundary of the graph is w = –0.25d + 5. Because the inequality symbol is ≥, the boundary is solid.
c. Substitute 3 for w in the inequality and solve for d.

If the artist sells three watercolors one month, he must sell 8 drawings in the same month to reach $2000.
Graph each equation or inequality.

35. x + y = 1
SOLUTION:
Make a table.
x –x + 1 y
–2 –(–2) + 1 3
–1 –(–1) + 1 2
0 –(0) + 1 1
1 –(1) + 1 0
2 –(2) + 1 –1
3 –(3) + 1 –2
Complete the graph.

36. y ≥ –3x – 2
SOLUTION:
Graph the boundary. The boundary of the graph is y = –3x – 2. Because the inequality symbol is ≥, the boundary
is solid.

37. x + 2y > 6
SOLUTION:
Graph the boundary.
The boundary of the graph is y = –0.5x + 3. Because the inequality symbol is >, the boundary is dashed.

38. y + 2 = 3x + 3
SOLUTION:

m = 3, b = 1
point at (1, 4).
From the point (0, 1), move down 3 units and left 1 unit. Plot a point at (–1, –2).

39. y + 3 = 0
SOLUTION:
Make a table.
x –3 y
–2 –3 –3
–1 –3 –3
0 –3 –3
1 –3 –3
2 –3 –3
Complete the graph.

40. 4x – 3y > 12
SOLUTION:
Graph the boundary.
The boundary of the graph is . Because the inequality symbol is >, the boundary is dashed.

41. x + y = 3
SOLUTION:

42. 2y – x = 2
SOLUTION:

43. 4x + 3y = 12
SOLUTION:

44.
SOLUTION:
45.
SOLUTION:
Make a table.
x y
–4 –4
–2 –3
0 –2
2 –1
4 0
Complete the graph.

46.
SOLUTION:
Graph the boundary. The boundary of the graph is . Because the inequality symbol is ≥, the boundary
is solid.

47. y = –2x + 3
SOLUTION:
The equation is solved for y. Make a table.
x –2x + 3 y
–1 –2(–1) + 3 5
0 –2(0) + 3 3
1 –2(1) + 3 1
2 –2(2) + 3 –1
3 –2(3) + 3 –3
Complete the graph.

48. 2x – y = 1
SOLUTION:
Make a table.
x 2x – 1 y
–2 2(–2) – 1 –5
–1 2(–1) – 1 –3
0 2(0) – 1 –1
1 2(1) – 1 1
2 2(2) – 1 3
Complete the graph.

49. 2y + 3 ≤ 11
SOLUTION:
Graph the boundary.
The boundary of the graph is y = 4. Because the inequality symbol is ≤, the boundary is solid.

50. y + 2 = –x + 1
SOLUTION:
Make a table.
x –x – 1 y
–2 –(–2) – 1 1
–1 –(–1) – 1 0
0 –(0) – 1 –1
1 –(1) – 1 –2
2 –(2) – 1 –3
Complete the graph.

51. 6x + 4y ≤ –24
SOLUTION:
Graph the boundary.
The boundary of the graph is . Because the inequality symbol is ≤, the boundary is solid.

52. –2x + 5y = 2
SOLUTION:
The x-intercept is –1, and the y-intercept is 0.4. This means that the graph passes through (–1, 0) and (0, 0.4).

53. REASONING Name the x- and y-intercept for the linear equation given by 6x – 2y = 12. Use the intercepts to
graph the equation and describe the graph as increasing, decreasing, or constant.
SOLUTION:
The graph is rising from left to right, so the graph is increasing.
54. ANIMALS During the winter, a horse requires about 36 liters of water per day and a sheep requires about 3.6
liters per day. A farmer is able to supply his horses and sheep with a total of 300 liters of water each day.
a. Write an equation or inequality that represents the possible number of each type of animal that the farmer can
keep.
b. Graph the equation or inequality.

SOLUTION:
a. Let x = horses; let y = sheep;

The sum of the liters of water required per day for horses, 36x, and the liters of water required per day for sheep,
3.6y, is less than or equal to 300 liters per day, so the inequality 36x + 3.6y ≤ 300 represents this situation.
55. COMPUTERS A school system is buying new computers. They will buy desktop computers costing $1000 per
unit, and notebook computers costing $1200 per unit. The total cost of the computers cannot exceed $80,000.
a. Write an inequality that describes this situation.

c. If the school wants to buy 50 desktop computers and 25 notebook computers, will they have enough money?
Explain.
SOLUTION:
a. Let x = number of desktops; let y = number of notebooks

The sum of the cost of the desktop computers purchased, 1000x, and the cost of the notebook computers
purchased, 1200y, is less than or equal to $80,000, so the inequality 1000x + 1200y ≤ 80,000 represents this
situation.

c. Test (50, 25) to see if the school can buy 50 desktop computers and 25 notebook computers.
The school can buy 50 desktop computers and 25 notebook computers because the point (50, 25) is on the line,
which is a part of the viable region.
56. BAKED GOODS Mary sells giant chocolate chip and peanut butter cookies for $1.25 and $1.00, respectively,
at a local bake shop. She wants to make at least $25 a day.
a. Write and graph an inequality that represents the number of cookies Mary needs to sell each day.
b. If Mary decides to charge $1.50 for chocolate chip cookies rather than $1.25, what impact will this have on the
graph of the solution set? Give an (x, y) pair that is not in the original solution set, but is in the solution set of the
new revised scenario.
c. How does the graph of the inequality change if Mary wants to make at least $50 a day? How does the graph of
the inequality change if Mary wants to make no more than $25 a day?
SOLUTION:
a. Let x = number of chocolate chip cookies and y = number of peanut butter cookies.
The sum of the amount earned for selling chocolate chip cookies, $1.25x, and the amount earned for selling peanut
butter cookies, $1.00y, is greater than or equal to $25, so the inequality $1.25x + $1.00y ≥ $25 or 1.25x + y ≥

25 represents this situation.
Graph the boundary.
The boundary of the graph is y = –1.25x + 25. Because the inequality symbol is ≥, the boundary is solid.
b. The new model is $1.50x + $1.00y ≥ $25. This changes the slope of the boundary line from –1.25 to –1.5. It
also changes the x-intercept from 20 to 16.67. The y-intercept remains the same. The point (16, 4) is not in the
original set, because (1.25)(16) + (1.00)(4) = 24, which is less than 25. However, (16, 4) is in the solution set of
the revised scenario, because (1.50)(16) + (1.00)(4) = 28, which is greater than 25.
c. If Mary wants to make at least $50 each day, then the boundary line is translated up by 25. The region of viable
solutions is still the area above the boundary line. If Mary wants to make no more than $25 a day, the boundary
line is still solid because it still represents viable solutions, but now the graph is shaded below the boundary line.
Since Mary cannot sell a negative number of cookies, the graph is restricted to the first quadrant.
57. FUNDRAISING The school drama club is putting on a play to raise money. Suppose it will cost $400 to put on
the play and that 300 students and 150 adults will attend.

a. Write an equation to represent revenue from ticket sales if the club wants to raise $1400 after expenses.
b. Graph your equation. Then determine four possible prices that could be charged for student and adult tickets to
earn $1400 in profit.
SOLUTION:
a. Let x = cost of a student ticket; let y = cost of an adult ticket;

The amount earned on student tickets, 300x, plus the amount earned on adult tickets, 150y, minus the cost of
production, $400, is equal to the amount of revenue, $1400. So, the equation 300x + 150y – 400 = 1400
or 300x + 150y = 1800 represents this situation.
b. To find the x-intercept, let y = 0.
Using the graph, if x = $2.00, then y = $8.00.


Using the equation, if x = $4.60, then 300(4.60) + 150y = 1800 or y = $2.80.
58. CONSTRUCTION You want to make a rectangular sandbox area in your backyard. You plan to use no more
than 20 linear feet of lumber to make the sides of the sandbox.
a. Write and graph a linear inequality to describe this situation.
b. What are two possible sizes for the sandbox?
c. Can you make a sandbox that is 7 feet by 6 feet? Justify your answer.
d. What can you conclude about the intercepts of your graph?

SOLUTION:
a. Linear feet means distance, so find the perimeter of the rectangular sandbox. The perimeter of a rectangle is
given by 2ℓ + 2w, where ℓ is the length and w is the width of a rectangle. No more than 20 linear feet of lumber
can be used, so the perimeter of the sandbox must be less than or equal to 20 feet. So, the inequality 2ℓ + 2w ≤
20 represents this situation.
Graph the boundary.
The boundary of the graph is w = –ℓ + 10. Because the inequality symbol is ≤, the boundary is solid.

b. Select two points in the viable region, such as (5, 4) and (4, 6). This means the sandbox could be 5 ft by 4 ft or
4 ft by 6 ft.
c. Test (7, 6) to see a sandbox that is 7 feet by 6 feet can be made.
The point (7, 6) is not in the shaded region of the graph and therefore is not a solution of the inequality. Also, the
point (7, 6) does not make the inequality true and therefore is not a solution of the inequality.
d. The intercepts cannot represent the side lengths because if one pair of sides = 20 feet, then the other pair of
sides = 0 feet, which is not possible.
59. SPIRITWEAR A company makes long-sleeved and short-sleeved shirts. The profit on a long-sleeved shirt is $7
and the profit on a short-sleeved shirt is $4. How many shirts must the company sell to make a profit of at least
$280?
a. Write and graph a linear inequality to describe this situation.
b. Write two possible solutions to the problem.
c. Which values are reasonable for the domain and for the range? Explain.
d. The point (–10, 90) is in the shaded region. Is it a solution of the problem? Explain your reasoning.
SOLUTION:

a. The sum of the profit for long-sleeved shirts, 7x, and the profit for short-sleeved shirts, 4y, is greater than or
equal to a profit of $280. So, the inequality 7x + 4 ≥ 280 represents this situation.
Graph the boundary.
The boundary of the graph is y = –1.75x + 70. Because the inequality symbol is ≥, the boundary is solid.
b. Select two points in the viable region, such as (30, 50) and (60, 40). This means the company makes a profit of
at least $280 for selling 30 long-sleeved and 50 short-sleeved shirts or for selling 60 long-sleeved and 40 short-
sleeved shirts.
c. Domain and range values must be positive integers because you cannot buy a negative number of shirts or a
portion of a shirt.
d. You cannot buy –10 long-sleeved shirts, so the point (–10, 90) is not a solution.
60. MONEY Gemma buys candles and soaps online. The scented candles cost $9, and the hand soaps cost $4. To
qualify for free shipping, Gemma needs to spend at least $50.

a. Write an inequality that represents the constraints on the number of candles x and the number of soaps y that
Gemma must buy in order to qualify for free shipping.
c. Suppose Gemma decides not to buy any soaps. Determine the number of candles she needs to buy in order to
qualify for free shipping. Explain.
d. If Gemma decides not to buy any candles how may soaps she will need to buy in order to qualify for free
shipping? Explain.
e. Will Gemma qualify for free shipping if she buys 2 candles and 8 soaps? Explain how you can be sure.
SOLUTION:
a. The sum of the cost for purchasing scented candles, 9x, and the cost for purchasing hand soaps, 4y, is greater
than or equal to $50. So, the inequality 9x + 4y ≥ 50 represents this situation.
The boundary of the graph is y = –2.25x + 12.5. Because the inequality symbol is ≥, the boundary is solid.

c. Because x represents the number of candles purchased, look at the x-intercept, which is between 5 and 6.
Because partial candles cannot be purchased, Germma must buy 6 candles in order to qualify for free shipping.
d. Because y represents the number of soaps purchased, look at the y-intercept, which is between 12 and 13.
Again, the number of hand soaps purchased must be a whole number, so Germma must buy 13 soaps in order to
qualify for free shipping.
e. It appears the line passes through (2, 8). Because the line is solid, then this combination of items would qualify
for free shipping. To be certain, substitute 2 for x and 8 for y into the inequality from part a.
So, Gemma will qualify for free shipping if she buys 2 candles and 8 soaps.

61. FIND THE ERROR Paulo and Janette are graphing x – y ≥ 2. Is either of them correct? Explain your
reasoning.
SOLUTION:
Graph the boundary.
The boundary of the graph is y = x – 2. Because the inequality symbol is ≥, the boundary is dashed.
Therefore, Paulo is correct. Janette shaded the incorrect region.

62. CREATE Write an inequality that has a graph with a dashed boundary line. Then graph the inequality.
SOLUTION:
Any inequality that includes the symbol > or < will have a dashed boundary line. So, suppose the inequality is 6 –
2y < 3x.
Graph the boundary.
The boundary of the graph is y = –1.5x + 3. Because the inequality symbol is <, the boundary is dashed.

63. WRITE You can graph a line by making a table, using the x- and y-intercepts, or by using m and b. Which
method do you prefer? Explain your reasoning.
SOLUTION:
If given the x- and y-intercepts of a linear function, I already know two points on the graph. To graph the equation,
I only need to graph those two points and connect them with a straight line.
64. ANALYZE Write a counterexample to show that the following statement is false.
Every point in the first quadrant is a solution for 3y > –x + 6.
SOLUTION:
Test (2, 1).
(2, 1) is not a solution of the inequality, but is a point in the first quadrant. So, (2, 1) is a counterexample to the
statement.

65. PERSEVERE Write an equation of the line that has the same slope as 2x – 8y = 7 and the same y-intercept as
4x + 3y = 15.
SOLUTION:
Write 2x – 8y = 7 in slope-intercept form.
Because the equation you are writing has the same slope as 2x – 8y = 7, the equation you write will have a slope
of .
Write 4x + 3y = 15 in slope-intercept form.
Because the equation you are writing has the same y-intercept as 4x + 3y = 15, the equation you write will have
a y-intercept of 5.
So, an equation of the line that has the same slope as 2x – 8y = 7 and the same y-intercept as 4x + 3y = 15 is
.

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1-5 Graphing Linear Functions and Inequalities

Graph each equation by using a table.

The equation is solved for y. Make a table.

Complete the graph.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1

Solve the equation for y.

Complete the graph.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 2

Solve the equation for y.

Complete the graph.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3

Solve the equation for y.

Complete the graph.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4

Solve the equation for y.

Complete the graph.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 5

Solve the equation for y.

Complete the graph.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 6

Graph each equation by using the x- and y-intercepts.

To find the x-intercept, let y = 0.

To find the y-intercept, let x = 0.

Plot the two intercepts. Draw a line through the points.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 7

To find the x-intercept, let y = 0.

To find the y-intercept, let x = 0.

Plot the two intercepts. Draw a line through the points.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 8

To find the x-intercept, let y = 0.

To find the y-intercept, let x = 0.

Plot the two intercepts. Draw a line through the points.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 9

To find the x-intercept, let y = 0.

To find the y-intercept, let x = 0.

Plot the two intercepts. Draw a line through the points.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 10

To find the x-intercept, let y = 0.

To find the y-intercept, let x = 0.

Plot the two intercepts. Draw a line through the points.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 11

To find the x-intercept, let y = 0.

To find the y-intercept, let x = 0.

Plot the two intercepts. Draw a line through the points.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 12

Graph each equation by using m and b.

Identify the slope m and the y-intercept b of the function.

Use the value of b to plot the y-intercept (0, 12).

Plot a point at (3, 7).

Draw a line through the points.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 13

Identify the slope m and the y-intercept b of the function.

Use the value of b to plot the y-intercept (0, 6).

a point at (3, 8).

Draw a line through the points.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 14

Identify the slope m and the y-intercept b of the function.

Use the value of b to plot the y-intercept (0, –15).