How successful was Pakistan’s relationship with the UK and the Commonwealth in the years

1947 to 1999? Explain your answer

Success
• British personnel remained in Pakistan post 1947
• Britain helped to broker a peace deal in 1965
• Margaret Thatcher visited in 1981
• £46m aid for Afghan refugees in Pakistan, an important trading partner
• Commonwealth member until 1971, aid given to Pakistan by other Commonwealth
countries
• Britain supported Pakistan’s support of Afghanistan during conflict with Russia and gave
£30m aid in support of Afghan refugees in Pakistan
• By 1986, there was some £376m worth of trade between Pakistan and the UK Pakistan re-
joined the Commonwealth in 1989.

Less success

• Britain refused to interfere in Kashmir problem

• Pakistan criticism over Suez crisis
• Britain abstained at United Nations over Bangladesh issues
• Pakistan withdrew from the Commonwealth in 1971
• Pakistan was suspended from the Commonwealth in 1999 due to the military coup

Allama Iqbal was more important to the Pakistan Movement than Chaudhry Rehmat Ali? (14)

Allama Iqbal
• In 1911, he resigned from his government service and focused on writing poetry
to motivate and inspire Muslims about their individuality as a nation.

• In 1926, Iqbal was elected as a member of the Punjab Assembly.

• In 1927, he was elected as a General Secretary.

• In 1930, in his Allahabad addresses, he demanded a separate homeland for

Muslims where they could practice their religion.

• In 1932, Iqbal attended the third Round Table Conference as a Muslim

delegate.

• In 1936 when Jinnah was residing in England, Iqbal wrote him letters to express
the urgency of the situation and requested him to return.
Chaudhry Rehmat Ali
• He believed in the Muslims’ freedom and suggested for a separate homeland
for Muslims of India before anyone else.

• He also coined the name of the separate state for Muslims, ‘Pakistan’.
• At that time, Iqbal and Jinnah’s views were different, they started embracing
Rahmat Ali’s idea after the Nehru Report.

• In 1933, he established the ‘Pakistan Movement’.

• He started a pamphlet known as ‘Now and Never’ and suggested in it a

separate homeland for Muslims and called it ‘Pakistan’.

• In the name Pakistan, ‘P’ represents Punjab, ‘A’ for Afghania (NWFP), ‘K’ for
Kashmir and ‘TAN’ for Balochistan.

• In the 1930's Round Table Conference proposed the Muslim leaders including
Jinnah to focus their efforts towards a separate homeland for Muslims but his
proposal was rejected as that time the leaders were not convinced about it.

• However, Rahmat Ali’s proposal was passed as ‘Pakistan Resolution’ in 1940

under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

• Luckily, he lived enough to see the freedom of Muslims on 14th August 1947
though he was not happy with the boundaries.

• In 1948, Rahmat Ali went to live in England to put forward and win the case of
Kashmir.
What was the objectives resolution? (4)

Passed by first constituent assembly 1949

Federal system of government with islamic principles
Rights of minorities
Independent judiciary
Bassis of 1956 and 1973 constitution