1.4 - Prevalence of Drug Use in The Youth Population Including NPS National Data

CANNABIS USE
among the youth population

Prevalence (percentage)
Region Subregion Country/ Territory Coverage (age/grade) Lifetime Past Year Past Month Year of Estimate Source Notes
AFRICA East Africa Ethiopia Youth (undefined) 11.00 1999 ARQ Ages not specified
Kenya (HHS) age 15 - 17 1.10 0.90 2007 Govt. Resin
Kenya 15 - 16 3.10 2012 ARQ Herb
Kenya 15 - 16 0.80 2012 ARQ Resin
Kenya 15 - 16 2.80 1.10 1.10 2016 ARQ Herb
Kenya (SS) 15 - 16 7.50 1.80 2016 ARQ Herb
Madagascar 15 - 19 18.53 2004 ARQ
Madagascar 15 - 16 16.67 16.67 2018 ARQ Herb
Mauritius 14 - 18 10.90 2.20 2004 ARQ
Seychelles 11 - 16 0.31 2001 ARQ
North Africa Algeria 15 - 16 2005 ARQ
Algeria 15 - 16 0.17 0.07 0.07 2010 ARQ Herb
Algeria 15 - 17 5.44 3.61 2.69 2016 ARQ Resin
Egypt 15 18.90 2006 ARQ
Egypt 15 - 16 1.40 2013 ARQ (general population survey)
Egypt 15 - 16 5.30 2013 ARQ Herb (general population survey)
Egypt 15 - 17 2.72 2.56 1.60 2016 MedSPAD
Morocco (SS) 15 - 17 6.57 4.62 2.95 2005 MedSPAD Select regions (Rabat)
Morocco (SS) 15 - 17 7.20 4.60 2.60 2009 MedSPAD Resin
Morocco 15-16 9.20 6.20 4.10 2009 MedSPAD
Morocco (SS) 15 - 17 5.00 3.00 3.00 2013 ARQ
Morocco 15 - 17 6.00 5.00 3.00 2017 MedSPAD
Sudan 18 - 20 3.00 2009 ARQ
Tunisia 15 - 17 1.40 0.70 0.40 2013 MedSPAD
Tunisia 15 - 17 3.80 2.50 1.50 2016 MedSPAD Survey 2016/2017
Tunisia Below 18 5.07 2018
Southern Africa Namibia 15 - 16 9.30 6.40 6.20 2015 Govt. Herb
South Africa 13 - 22 12.70 9.70 2008 ARQ Herb
South Africa (SS) grades 8- 10 23.60 12.30 8.20 2011 ARQ Western Cape Town only
South Africa 15 - 16 12.80 9.20 2011 ARQ Herb
South Africa (SS) grades 8- 11 12.80 9.20 2011/12 ARQ
Zambia (SS) grades 7 - 10 35.30 2004 WHO GSHS
West and Central Africa Cabo Verde grade 11 10.40 2018 2018 National Survey on Substance Use and Health (NSSUH)
Central African Republic 15 - 16 5.00 3.00 2017 ARQ Resin
Central African Republic 15 - 16 30.00 21.00 2017 ARQ Herb
Côte d'Ivoire 15 - 18 2.50 1.50 1.50 2017 Government
Côte d'Ivoire 15 - 18 1.20 0.60 0.40 2017 Government Spice
Ghana 13 - 15 17.10 2007 ARQ
Nigeria 15 - 19 3.30 2017 UNODC Report
Senegal 15 - 16 90.95 2019 ARQ
Togo (SS) age 14 - 16 1.90 1.20 2009 ARQ
AMERICAS Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda Secondary/ High School 24.90 13.40 8.40 2005 OAS (MEM)
Antigua and Barbuda SS 32.58 23.89 17.96 2013 CICAD/ OAS
Bahamas 15 - 16 15.60 8.50 2008 Govt.
Bahamas SS 12.78 8.10 4.29 2011 CICAD/ OAS
Barbados (SS) 13, 15, & 17 17.40 10.60 6.00 2006 OAS (MEM)
Barbados SS 20.93 15.96 10.44 2013 CICAD/ OAS
Dominica (SS) 13, 15, & 17 29.40 17.90 11.80 2006 OAS (MEM)
Dominica SS 32.87 19.77 12.47 2011 CICAD/ OAS
Dominican Republic 12 - 18 1.70 1.00 0.40 2008 ARQ
Grenada 15 - 16 29.10 18.10 10.40 2005 Govt.
Grenada SS 19.74 12.92 6.99 2013 CICAD/ OAS
Haiti 15 - 16 3.00 1.70 2005 ARQ
Haiti SS 3.20 2.36 1.21 2014 CICAD/ OAS
Jamaica Ages 11 - 19 25.10 14.60 8.50 2006 OAS
Jamaica (SS) 15 - 17 14.30 2010 ARQ
Jamaica SS 21.11 11.93 6.29 2013 CICAD/ OAS
Jamaica 12-14 2.30 2.30 0.10 2016 2016 National Drug Prevalence Survey
Puerto Rico (SS) Grades 9 - 12 12.50 6.80 2005 Govt. Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Saint Kitts and Nevis 15 - 16 32.40 18.50 9.74 2006 Govt.
Saint Kitts and Nevis SS 24.24 16.07 11.61 2013 CICAD/ OAS
Saint Lucia (SS) 13, 15, & 17 25.50 15.90 8.80 2005 OAS (MEM)
CANNABIS USE
Saint Lucia SS 28.77 17.22 10.71 2013 CICAD/ OAS
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (SS) 13, 15, & 17 17.76 11.72 5.17 2006 OAS (MEM)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines SS 26.70 19.39 14.11 2013 CICAD/ OAS
Trinidad and Tobago (SS) 13, 15, & 17 11.97 6.55 2.75 2006 OAS (MEM)
Trinidad and Tobago SS 16.60 10.70 6.23 2013 CICAD/ OAS
Turks and Caicos Islands 11 - 20 21.40 14.50 2002 ARQ
Central America Belize (SS) 13, 15, & 17 20.50 13.40 6.70 2002 OAS (MEM)
Belize SS 24.27 15.84 10.64 2013 CICAD/ OAS
Costa Rica SS 9.97 6.82 3.56 2009 ARQ Herb
Costa Rica 15- 16 16.83 11.74 5.65 2012 ARQ Herb
Costa Rica 15 - 16 13.3 7.3 1.8 2015 ARQ Herb
Costa Rica 11 - 22 9.4 5.12 3.0 2018 ARQ Herb
El Salvador 13-17 5.5 3.5 1.8 2008 ARQ
Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en Población
El Salvador 17 - 25 12.7 3.4 0.7 2012 Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2012
El Salvador 17 - 25 0.9 0.1 0 2012 Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2012 Resin
El Salvador 17 - 25 11.8 3.3 0.7 2012 Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2012 Herb
El Salvador 13 - 17 15.4 7.3 4.0 2016 ARQ
Población objetivo: Estudiantes cursando los grados de septimo

noveno y segundo año de bachillerato. La encuesta se paso en
98 centros educativos seleccionados de forma aleatoria a nivel
nacional, utilizando la metodología del Sistema Interamericano
7th grade, 9th grade and de Datos Uniformes sobre Consumo (SIDUC) de la CICAD-
El Salvador 2nd year "bachillerato" 15.9 6.6 3.6 2018 OEA.

El Salvador 2nd year "bachillerato" 15.1 6.6 3.6 2018 OEA. Herb

El Salvador 2nd year "bachillerato" 0.8 2018 OEA. Resin
Guatemala 12 - 19 2 1 2004 ARQ
Guatemala 11 - 22 11.31 5.69 3.08 2014 ARQ Herb
Guatemala 11 - 22 0.88 2014 ARQ Resin
Honduras 13 - 25 3.4 2008 ARQ Select Regions (Central District)
Honduras SS 16.8 9.6 4.4 2014 ARQ Herb, Secondary Schools
Honduras 14 - 17 14.7 6.8 1.1 2015 ARQ Herb, Secondary Schools
Honduras 15 - 16 12.00 7.2 5.2 2016 ARQ Herb
Nicaragua 15 - 16 4.8 2003 Govt.
Panama SS 6.2 2.9 1.8 2008 CICAD/ OAS
Panama 18 - 25 8.56 3.33 1.13 2013 ARQ Herb
Panama 18 - 25 0.64 0.21 0.04 2013 ARQ Resin
North America Canada 15 - 19 47.3 39.4 2008/09 ARQ
Canada 15 - 19 34.3 23.7 13.3 2010 ARQ
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 30.0 25.8 2010/11 ARQ
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 28.3 23.1 2012/13 ARQ
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 24.7 19.2 12.54 2014/15 ARQ
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 25.9 21.6 13.86 2016/17 ARQ
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 5.3 4.4 2016/17 ARQ Other types of cannabis
Greenland 11,13,15 16.20 12.17 4.31 2010 HBSC
Mexico 12 - 17 2.4 1.33 0.73 2011 National Adiction Household Survey
Mexico 12- 17 1.2 2008 National Adiction Household Survey
Mexico 12 -17 0.5 2002 National Adiction Household Survey
Mexico 15 - 16 2.4 1.3 2011 ARQ
Mexico 15 - 16 10.6 7.6 3.9 2014 ARQ Herb only
Mexico 12 - 17 5.3 2.6 1.1 2016 ARQ Herb
CANNABIS USE
Mexico 12 - 17 0.7 2016 ARQ Resin
United States of America (SS) Grade 10 32.3 26.7 15.9 2009 ARQ Herb
United States of America (SS) Grade 10 33.4 27.5 16.7 2010 Govt. Herb
United States of America (SS) Grade 10 34.5 28.8 17.6 2011 ARQ Herb
United States of America (SS) Grade 10 33.8 28 17 2012 ARQ Herb
United States of America (SS) Grade 10 35.8 29.8 18 2013 ARQ
United States of America (SS) Grade 10 33.7 27.3 16.6 2014 ARQ
United States of America (SS) 15 - 16 31.1 25.3 14.8 2015 ARQ Monitoring the future
United States of America Gardes 8, 10 and 12 22.7 15 8.3 1991 Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use Herb and rasin
United States of America Gardes 8, 10 and 12 21.1 14.3 7.7 1992 Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use Herb and rasin
United States of America Gardes 8, 10 and 12 34 26.1 15.3 2002 Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use Herb and rasin
United States of America Gardes 8, 10 and 12 32.6 27.5 16.7 2018 Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use
South America Argentina 13 - 17 10.90 7.60 2007 ARQ
Argentina 15 - 16 13.20 9.50 5.70 2009 ARQ Herb
Argentina Estudio Nacional en poblacion de 12-65_Consumo
Argentina 12 - 17 3.00 2.20 1.30 2010 2017 Herb
Argentina 12 - 17 8.60 4.90 2.80 2017 2017 Herb
Argentina 12 - 17 0.30 2017 2017 Resin
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 13 - 18 6.20 3.60 1.90 2008 ARQ
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 12 - 17 1.10 0.71 0.34 2008 ARQ Herb
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 15-16 1.11 0.71 0.34 2013 ARQ Herb, Capitals of departments
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 18 - 24 1.98 0.47 0.20 2012 ARQ Resin
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 18 - 24 12.15 4.98 2.18 2016 Government Herb
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 18 - 25 0.61 2016 ARQ Resin
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 18 - 25 0.60 0.40 2016 ARQ Other types of cannabis
Brazil 15 - 16 7.67 6.29 4.43 2005 Government
Brazil 10 - 19 5.70 3.70 2.00 2010 ARQ
Brazil 14 - 17 4.30 3.40 2012 ARQ Herb
Brazil (SS) 15 - 16 4.70 2019 Government / National School Health Survey - PeNSE
Chile 12 -18 5.60 1994 Chile XII study 2017 Herb
CANNABIS USE
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 25.90 16.20 8.15 2009 ARQ Herb
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 26.90 20.50 12.35 2011 ARQ Herb
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 38.96 32.87 19.98 2013 ARQ Herb
Chile (SS) 13, 15, 17 34.89 28.35 17.13 2013 Government Herb
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 43.83 34.79 20.00 2015 ARQ Herb only
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 42.73 33.22 18.21 2017 ARQ Herb
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 36.85 28.11 15.83 2019 ARQ Herb
Colombia 15 - 16 9.58 8.36 3.01 2005 CICAD/ OAS
Colombia 11-18 7.00 5.22 2.83 2011 ARQ Herb
Colombia University 31.16 15.01 7.14 2012 ARQ Herb
Colombia University 36.31 20.77 9.74 2016 Government
Colombia 15 - 16 14.18 9.65 5.01 2016 ARQ Herb
Ecuador 12 - 17 6.40 4.20 2.20 2008 ARQ
Ecuador University 11.41 4.43 1.68 2009 ARQ
Ecuador 12 - 17 6.70 2.90 1.30 2012 ARQ Herb
Ecuador 12 - 17 0.50 0.20 0.10 2012 ARQ Resin
Ecuador 12 - 17 7.19 3.10 1.37 2012 ARQ
Ecuador 18 - 24 26.93 11.57 5.06 2016 Government Herb
Encuesta sobre uso y consumo de drogas ilícitas en estudiantes

Ecuador 12 - 17 11.56 9.57 1.93 2016 de 9no. EGB, 1ero. Y 3ero. De bachillerato, 2016. Herb
Guyana 12 - 18 6.80 3.50 1.80 2002 ARQ
Guyana SS 6.60 3.80 2.20 2013 CICAD/ OAS
Paraguay 15 - 16 4.20 3.00 1.60 2005 CICAD/ OAS
Paraguay 12+ 5.70 3.70 2.30 2014 ARQ Herb, School in cities of at least 30000
Paraguay 12+ 1.00 0.00 0.00 2014 ARQ Resin, School in cities of at least 30000
Peru 12 - 18 2.00 1.20 0.60 2006 DEVIDA
Peru 15 - 16 2.37 1.64 0.84 2006 ARQ Herb
Peru 11 - 19 3.10 1.90 0.90 2007 DEVIDA
Peru 15-16 3.30 2.90 2.40 2010 ARQ Herb
Peru 11-20 4.30 2.20 1.40 2012 DEVIDA Herb
Peru (SS) 13, 15, 17 5.02 2.53 1.55 2012 Government Herb
Peru 14 - 16 4.97 2.63 1.67 2012 ARQ Resin
Peru 18 - 24 14.77 5.17 1.55 2016 Government Herb
Peru 10 - 20 5.60 2.60 1.20 2017 OAS / DEVIDA Herb
Suriname SS 7.71 4.80 2.73 2006 CICAD/ OAS
Suriname 12- 18 0.30 0.30 0.30 2013 Suriname National Household Drug Prevalence Survey
Uruguay 13 - 17 16.20 12.50 6.80 2009 ARQ Herb
Uruguay 13 - 17 16.40 12.00 7.50 2011 ARQ Herb
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.60 2011 ARQ Resin
Uruguay 13 - 17 20.10 17.00 9.50 2014 ARQ
Uruguay 13 - 17 20.10 17.00 9.50 2014 ARQ Herb
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.80 0.60 0.20 2014 ARQ Resin
Uruguay 13 - 17 25.30 19.80 12.10 2016 ARQ Herb
Uruguay 13 - 17 24.80 19.80 11.10 2018 ARQ
Uruguay 13 - 17 24.80 19.70 11.10 2018 ARQ Herb
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) (SS) 12 - 18 1.75 0.88 0.60 2009 ARQ Herb
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 15-17 3.16 1.84 1.09 2011 ARQ Herb
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) University 6.10 3.10 1.10 2014 ARQ Herb
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 12 - 17 3.44 2.05 1.19 2016 ARQ Herb
ASIA Central Asia and Transcaucasia Armenia 15 - 16 3.00 2007 ESPAD
Armenia 11,13,15 3.21 2.82 2.73 2010 HBSC
Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 16.90 9.60 3.60 2010 Research Select regions (capital); Georgian Medical News No3 (180) 2010
CANNABIS USE
Georgia 16 11.00 4.00 4.00 2015 ESPAD
Kazakhstan 15 - 16 4.60 2.70 2007 ARQ
Kazakhstan 16, 19 and 21 11.20 6.50 3.60 2012 ARQ
Kyrgyzstan 15 - 18 0.30 2001 ARQ
Kyrgyzstan 15 - 16 0.01 2018 ARQ Herb
East and South-East Asia China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20 0.04 2007 ARQ
China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20 0.04 2008 ARQ
China, Hong Kong SAR (SS) (Secondary) 1.53 2008/09 Govt. Refer to Secondary school students in Student Survey
China, Macao SAR 18 - 25 2.80 2002 ARQ
China, Macao SAR 15 - 16 60.00 2018 ARQ Central Registry
China, Macao SAR 15 - 24 10.00 2019 ARQ Central Registry
China, Taiwan Province of China (SS) Grades 10 & 12 0.10 2006 Govt.
Indonesia 10 - 19 0.57 0.30 0.19 2010 ARQ Herb
Indonesia 15-19 1.30 1.30 0.10 2011 ARQ Resin
Indonesia 15-19 1.90 1.30 0.07 2011 ARQ Herb
Indonesia (HHS)10-25 0.59 0.21 2015 ARQ Herb only, 20 provinces
Indonesia (SS) 15 - 16 9.60 2018 ARQ Herb only, 13 out of 34 Provinces
Japan 13 - 15 0.30 2010 ARQ
Japan (SS) 15 - 16 0.20 2011 ARQ
Japan (SS) 15 - 16 0.20 2013 ARQ
Japan (SS) 15 - 16 0.20 2014 ARQ
Japan (SS) 15 - 16 0.30 2016 ARQ
Japan (SS) 15 - 16 0.30 2018 ARQ
Malaysia 13 - 18 100.00 2018 ARQ Herb
Myanmar 13 - 21 0.90 0.50 2004 ARQ
Thailand Youth (undefined) 4.40 2003 ARQ Ages not specified
Near and Middle East / South-West Asia Israel (SS) Grade 10 4.20 2009 ARQ
Israel 12 - 18 7.08 5.66 4.44 2009 ARQ
Israel 12 - 18 5.73 4.66 3.63 2009 ARQ Resin
Israel 12 - 18 5.16 4.15 3.51 2009 ARQ Herb
Israel (SS) 15 - 16 6.60 6.40 3.90 2010 ARQ
Israel (SS) 15 - 16 8.50 6.00 5.50 2014 ARQ Schools -except private schools
Jordan 18 - 25 2.50 2001 ARQ
Lebanon (SS) 15 - 16 6.10 2009 MedSPAD Cannabis Resin
Oman 15 - 16 17.00 2017 Resin
Oman 15 - 16 12.00 2017 Herb
Nepal 15 - 16 0.06 0.06 (blank) ARQ
Pakistan 15 - 64 3.60 2013 ARQ
South Asia Bangladesh 13 - 18 5.00 3.00 2001 ARQ
Bhutan Undefined 0.09 2010 ARQ Herb, General population survey
India 12 - 18 3.00 2001 ARQ
India 10 - 17 0.92 2018 ARQ
Sri Lanka 15 - 17 3.18 3.18 2019 ARQ
EUROPE Eastern Europe Belarus 15 - 16 5.30 2.40 0.60 2010 ARQ
Republic of Moldova (SS) 15 - 16 4.80 2.80 1.30 2008 ESPAD
Republic of Moldova (SS) 15 - 24 4.90 2.30 1.10 2010 Govt.
Republic of Moldova (SS) 15 - 24 3.50 1.20 0.30 2012 ARQ
Republic of Moldova (SS) 15 - 16 4.00 2.00 2015 ESPAD
Russian Federation 15 - 16 18.60 17.00 2007 ARQ/ ESPAD
Russian Federation 11,13,15 7.11 5.21 4.76 2010 HBSC
Russian Federation 15-16 14.80 9.50 4.00 2011 ARQ
Russian Federation 0 - 18 0.001 2013 ARQ
CANNABIS USE
Ukraine (SS) 15 - 16 14.00 2007 ESPAD
Ukraine 15 - 34 9.00 3.00 2.00 2010 ARQ Registered users
Ukraine 15-17 12.40 7.30 3.00 2011 ARQ Registered users
Ukraine 14 - 17 0.15 2013 ARQ Registered users
Ukraine 15 - 35 2.10 2014 ARQ Registered users
Ukraine (SS) 15 - 16 9.00 2.00 2015 ESPAD
Ukraine (SS) 15 - 16 8.30 6.50 2.60 2019 ESPAD Herb
Ukraine (SS) 15 - 16 2.00 2019 ESPAD Resin
South-Eastern Europe Albania 14 - 19 5.50 2004 ARQ
Albania (SS) 15 - 16 6.60 5.00 3.50 2015 ARQ / ESPAD Herb
Bosnia and Herzegovina (SS) 15 - 16 10.00 2008 ARQ
Bosnia and Herzegovina (SS) 15 - 16 4.50 3.30 1.40 2011 ARQ
Bosnia and Herzegovina (SS) 15 - 16 1.00 2011 ARQ Resin
Bosnia and Herzegovina (SS) 15 - 16 1.00 2012 ARQ
Bosnia and Herzegovina (SS) 15 - 16 0.80 2012 ARQ Herb
Bosnia and Herzegovina (SS) 15 - 16 0.20 2012 ARQ Resin
Bulgaria 14 - 19 26.00 17.00 9.40 2008 ARQ
Bulgaria 14 - 19 11.40 6.80 3.70 2008 ARQ Resin
Bulgaria 14 - 19 24.50 15.70 8.70 2008 ARQ Herb
Bulgaria (SS) 15 - 16 25.60 20.50 11.30 2011 ESPAD
Bulgaria 15 - 18 26.20 19.60 11.10 2013 ARQ
Bulgaria 15 - 18 25.50 19.00 10.80 2013 ARQ Herb
Bulgaria 15 - 18 8.10 6.00 3.30 2013 ARQ Resin
Bulgaria (SS) 15 - 16 26.90 21.40 12.20 2015 ARQ \ ESPAD
Croatia 16 18.30 13.40 2007 ARQ
Croatia 15 13.40 10.20 5.50 2010 ARQ Herb
Croatia (SS) 15 - 16 21.00 8.00 2015 ESPAD
Montenegro (SS) 16 5.50 3.90 2.80 2011 ESPAD
Montenegro (SS) 15 - 16 4.00 2.40 1.60 2008 ESPAD
Montenegro (SS) 16 8.00 6.00 3.00 2015 ARQ
Montenegro (SS) 16 9.00 7.00 5.00 2019 ARQ
North Macedonia (SS) 15 - 16 5.50 4.30 2.20 2008 ESPAD
North Macedonia 11,13,15 2.75 2.31 1.77 2010 HBSC
North Macedonia (SS) 15 - 16 5.00 2.00 2015 ESPAD
North Macedonia (SS) 15 - 16 5.00 3.90 2.20 2015 ARQ
North Macedonia (SS) 15 - 16 3.50 2015 ARQ Herb
Romania (SS) 15 -16 3.50 1.90 2007 ESPAD
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 7.10 5.50 2.20 2011 ARQ
Romania (SS) 15 -16 8.10 6.10 2.90 2015 ARQ
Romania (SS) 15 -16 8.70 7.30 3.30 2019 ARQ
Serbia (SS) 15 - 16 6.70 4.90 2008 ARQ
Serbia (SS) 15 - 16 6.70 5.00 2.60 2011 ESPAD
Serbia (SS) 15 - 16 10.60 6.70 2017 ESPAD
Turkey 15 - 16 4.30 3.31 2003 ARQ
Western and Central Europe Andorra (SS) 15 - 16 8.40 2008 ARQ
Andorra (SS) 15 28.10 13.20 9.90 2014 ARQ
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 18.00 6.70 2007 ESPAD
Austria 14 - 17 19.00 15.00 7.00 2007 ARQ
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 19.90 16.00 9.00 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 21.70 18.90 10.90 2019 ESPAD
Belgium 15 - 16 24.04 15.36 9.22 2010 ARQ
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 21.50 15.00 12.00 2011 ARQ
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 20.90 13.60 11.20 2012 ARQ
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 21.20 13.70 11.00 2012/13 ARQ Flemish part
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 16.00 11.00 8.00 2014 ESPAD Flemish part
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 17.90 13.50 6.30 2016 ARQ / ESPAD Flemish part
Belgium (SS) 12 - 18 14.60 10.80 5.20 2016 ARQ / ESPAD Flemish part
Belgium 12 - 18 17.90 13.50 6.30 2017 ARQ Other types of cannabis
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 5.00 2007 ESPAD
Cyprus 16 5.00 4.00 3.00 2007 ARQ
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 7.00 7.00 5.00 2011 ESPAD
Cyprus 15 - 24 10.90 4.30 2.00 2012 ARQ
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 7.00 5.00 2015 ESPAD
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 34 17.20 2.20 2.20 2016 General Population Survey
CANNABIS USE
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 34 22.40 8.10 4.40 2019 General Population Survey
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 45.10 35.40 2007 ARQ./ ESPAD
Czechia 16 45.10 34.80 18.10 2007 ARQ
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 42.30 29.70 14.60 2011 ARQ
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 24.00 8.00 2014 ARQ Male
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 24.00 10.00 2014 ARQ Female
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 36.80 27.00 12.80 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 25.50 2007 ARQ
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 18.10 6.20 2011 ARQ / ESPAD
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 12.40 4.90 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 26.20 19.20 6.20 2007 ARQ
Estonia 11,13,15 14.30 8.70 2.66 2010 HBSC
Estonia (SS) 15 - 19 24.20 2011 ARQ
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 25.00 8.00 2015 ESPAD
Estonia (SS) 6, 8, 12 grades 15.00 2013 ARQ
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 25.00 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 21.00 17.00 7.00 2019 ARQ / ESPAD
Faroe Islands (SS) 15 - 16 6.00 2007 ESPAD
Faroe Islands (SS) 15 - 16 6.00 1.00 2015 ESPAD
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 8.00 6.00 2.00 2007 ARQ
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 11.00 9.00 3.00 2011 ARQ
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 8.00 2013 ARQ Herb
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 5.50 2013 ARQ Resin
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 8.00 7.00 2.00 2015 ARQ (ESPAD)
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 11.00 10.00 4.00 2019 ARQ (ESPAD)
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 8.30 2019 ARQ (ESPAD) Herb
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 5.40 2019 ARQ (ESPAD) Resin
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.10 2019 ARQ (ESPAD) Other types of cannabis
France (SS) 15 - 16 31.00 2007 ESPAD
France 17 41.50 34.60 6.50 2011 ARQ
France 17 47.80 38.20 25.50 2014 ARQ Urban areas (excluding overseas departments)
France (SS) 15 - 16 31.00 17.00 2015 ESPAD
France 17 39.10 31.30 21.00 2017 ARQ
Germany (SS) 15 - 16 25.20 17.20 2007 ARQ Select regions
Die Drogenaffinität Jugendlicher in der Bundesrepublik
Germany 12 - 25 28.30 9.60 3.70 2008 Deutschland 2008.
Germany (SS) 15 - 16 22.20 2011 ARQ/ESPAD Select regions
Germany 12 - 17 6.70 4.60 1.90 2011 ARQ / DAS Data
Gibraltar (SS) 12 - 18 13.20 2008 ARQ
Gibraltar (SS) 15 - 16 3.54 2.36 2019 ARQ
Greece 15 - 16 7.20 6.30 4.10 2010 ARQ
Greece 15 - 16 8.40 6.90 4.00 2011 ARQ
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 9.08 7.44 4.15 2015 ESPAD
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 2.51 2015 ARQ Other types of cannabis
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 8.18 7.25 4.66 2019 ESPAD
Hungary (SS) 15 - 16 5.30 2007 ESPAD
Hungary (SS) 15 - 16 18.60 12.50 5.70 2015 ESPAD
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 9.00 2007 ESPAD
Iceland 11,13,15 8.75 6.90 3.64 2010 HBSC
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 4.00 4.00 2011 ARQ
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 7.00 2.00 2015 ESPAD
Iceland 15 - 16 1.30 2017 ARQ Resin
Iceland 15 - 16 3.40 2017 ARQ Herb
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 20.00 2007 ESPAD
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 18.00 14.00 7.00 2011 ARQ
Ireland (SS) 10 - 17 13.50 8.17 2014 ARQ
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 19.00 16.80 9.80 2015 ESPAD
Italy 15 - 16 12.30 10.80 7.20 2010 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 12.55 11.10 7.66 2012 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 14.41 13.20 9.39 2013 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 17 29.00 24.50 16.10 2014 ARQ Male
Italy (SS) 15 - 17 21.00 17.20 10.30 2014 ARQ Female
CANNABIS USE
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 33.10 26.50 16.60 2015 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 32.42 25.79 16.15 2016 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 33.61 25.84 16.36 2017 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 33.18 25.54 15.29 2018 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 8.55 5.34 2.04 2018 ARQ Spice
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 33.54 25.85 15.60 2019 ARQ
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 22.70 15.80 7.90 2010 ARQ Riga City
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 24.50 16.40 6.30 2011 ESPAD
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 21.34 14.24 5.77 2013 ARQ
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 16.60 10.80 4.20 2015 ARQ
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 25.75 21.32 9.80 2019 ARQ
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 23.92 2019 ARQ Herb
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 4.79 2019 ARQ Resin
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 2.23 2019 ARQ Cannabis Oil
Liechtenstein 12 - 16 16.20 11.20 2005 ARQ
Liechtenstein 12 - 19 24.40 16.20 2005 ARQ
Liechtenstein (SS) 15 - 16 21.00 16.00 8.00 2011 ARQ
Liechtenstein (SS) 15 - 16 30.80 26.20 11.60 2015 ARQ
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 18.20 11.70 4.70 2007 ESPAD
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 19.60 12.50 4.80 2011 ARQ
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 18.70 11.30 4.30 2015 ARQ Herb
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 4.00 2015 ARQ Resin
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 18.00 13.00 5.50 2019 ARQ
Luxembourg 11 - 17 27.40 22.40 1999 ARQ
Luxembourg 12 -18 24.30 20.60 1999 National Drug Report 2017
Luxembourg 15 -16 27.70 1999 National Drug Report 2017
Luxembourg 12 -18 19.15 13.81 7.27 2006 National Drug Report 2017
Luxembourg 12 - 18 15.50 12.10 6.30 2010 ARQ
Luxembourg 11,13,15 8.49 6.75 4.19 2010 HBSC
Luxembourg 15 -18 16.40 11.10 4.70 2015 National Drug Report 2017
Luxembourg 15 -16 0.30 2018 ARQ
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 12.90 10.60 5.30 2007 ARQ
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 9.80 8.00 4.00 2011 ESPAD
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 12.60 10.40 5.40 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
Monaco (SS) 15 - 16 28.00 2007 ESPAD
Monaco (SS) 15 - 16 31.00 12.00 2015 ESPAD
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 28.00 15.00 2007 ESPAD
Netherlands 12 - 18 11.80 9.30 5.30 2007 ARQ
Netherlands 12 - 18 17.40 7.70 2010 ARQ
Netherlands 15 - 16 9.20 7.90 4.60 2014 ARQ
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 22.00 12.00 2015 ESPAD
Netherlands (SS) 12 - 16 9.70 8.20 4.90 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
Netherlands (SS) 12 - 16 9.20 7.90 4.70 2017 ARQ / ESPAD
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 6.00 6.00 2007 ESPAD
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 5.00 4.00 2.00 2011 ESPAD
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 7.00 5.00 2.00 2015 ESPAD
Poland 18 - 19 36.00 18.00 8.00 2010 ARQ
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 24.30 20.10 10.50 2012 ARQ
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 40.20 23.40 9.00 2013 ARQ
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 24.00 9.00 2015 ESPAD
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 42.00 21.00 9.90 2016 ARQ
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 37.50 20.20 9.30 2018 ARQ
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 21.40 16.70 9.00 2019 ARQ
Portugal (SS) 16 13.00 10.00 6.00 2007 ESPAD
Portugal (SS) 15 - 16 16.00 16.00 9.00 2011 ESPAD
Portugal (SS) 15-16 15.00 13.00 8.00 2015 ARQ
Slovakia 15 - 16 18.80 14.30 6.10 2010 ARQ
Slovakia 15 - 16 38.50 25.70 11.90 2015 ARQ
Slovakia (SS) 11 - 19 18.30 2018 ARQ
Slovakia 15 - 16 18.20 14.05 6.35 2019 ARQ
Slovenia (SS) 16 24.00 17.60 2007 ESPAD
Slovenia 15 - 16 22.00 17.60 9.50 2007 ARQ
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 23.00 19.00 10.00 2011 ARQ
CANNABIS USE
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 24.85 12.00 2015 ESPAD
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 23.00 11.00 2019 ESPAD
Spain 11,13,15 25.79 21.07 12.19 2010 HBSC
Spain 14 - 18 33.00 26.40 17.20 2010 ARQ
Spain 14 - 18 33.60 26.60 16.10 2012 ARQ
Spain 14 - 18 29.10 25.40 18.60 2014 ARQ
Spain 14 - 18 31.10 26.30 18.30 2016 ARQ
Spain 14 - 18 33.00 27.50 19.30 2019 ARQ
Spain 14 - 18 13.7 2019 ARQ Herb
Spain 14 - 18 9.6 2019 ARQ Resin
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 7.00 5.00 2009 ARQ
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 7.40 2014 ARQ Male
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 5.90 2014 ARQ Female
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 6.70 2014 ARQ Herb, male
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 4.80 2014 ARQ Herb, female
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 4.70 2014 ARQ Resin, male
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 3.70 2014 ARQ Resin, female
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 7.10 2015 ARQ Male
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 4.00 2015 ARQ Female
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 6.60 2015 ARQ Herb, male
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 3.50 2015 ARQ Herb, female
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 4.50 2015 ARQ Resin, male
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 2.70 2015 ARQ Resin, female
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 4.70 2016 ARQ
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 6.45 2018 ARQ
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 4.90 2018 ARQ Herb
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 5.01 2018 ARQ Resin
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 6.32 2019 ARQ
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 4.70 2019 ARQ Herb
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 5.12 2019 ARQ Resin
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.64 2019 ARQ Other types of cannabis
Switzerland (SS) 15 - 16 30.00 14.20 2014 ARQ Male
Switzerland (SS) 15 - 16 19.20 10.20 2014 ARQ Female
Switzerland 15-19 29.50 20.80 9.40 2016 Addiction Monitoring in Switzerland, July 2017
Switzerland (SS) 15 - 16 33.00 2007 ESPAD
Switzerland (SS) 15 - 16 17.00 8.00 2018 ESPAD
United Kingdom (England) 15 24.30 21.20 11.30 2010 ARQ
United Kingdom (England) 15 22.10 18.50 10.50 2016 Government
Notes: (HHS) = Household-type survey; (SS) = School survey

OPIOIDS USE
among the youth population (unless spec
Region Subregion Country/ Territory Coverage (age/grade) Lifetime
AFRICA East Africa Kenya 25 - 35 0.50
Kenya (SS) 15 - 16 1.20
Mauritius 14 - 18 1.2
North Africa Algeria 15 - 17 0.45
Egypt 15- 16
Egypt 15- 17
Egypt 15 - 17 1.6
Egypt 15 - 17 1.1
Egypt 15 - 17 1.8
Morocco (SS) 15 - 17 1.00
Morocco 15 - 17 0.80
Tunisia 15 - 17 0.20
Southern Africa South Africa 13 - 22 6.2
South Africa (SS) grades 8- 10 0.8
South Africa (SS) grades 8- 11 5.3
West and Central Africa Central African Republic 15 - 16 5.00
Côte d'Ivoire 15 - 18 1.70
Nigeria 15 - 19
Nigeria 15 - 19
Senegal 15 - 16
AMERICAS Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda Secondary/ High School 0.9
Bahamas 15-16 0.3
Barbados 12 - 18 1.3
Barbados (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 1.0
Dominica (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 0.3
Dominican Republic 12 - 18 0.2
Grenada 15 - 16 0.7
Haiti 15 - 16 3.0
Jamaica Ages 11 - 19 1.7
Puerto Rico (SS) Grades 9 - 12 1.6
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 0.2
Trinidad and Tobago 11 - 24 0.6
Central America Belize (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 1.2
Costa Rica 15-16 0.3
Costa Rica 15 - 16 0.2
Costa Rica university 0.2

OPIOIDS USE
El Salvador 13 - 17 0.5
El Salvador 17-25 0.7
Guatemala 12 - 19 0.3
Guatemala 11 - 22 0.8
Honduras 12 - 17
Panama 18-25 0.04
North America Canada 15-19 2.3
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 1.6
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 0.85
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 5.03
Mexico 12 - 17 0.1
Mexico 12 - 17 0.1
Mexico 15 - 16 0.1
Mexico 15 - 16 0.1
Mexico 15 - 16 0.0
Mexico 15-16 0.9
OPIOIDS USE
Mexico 12 - 17 0.03
Mexico 12 - 17 0.1
United States of America (SS) Grade 10 1.3
United States of America 15 - 16 0.9
United States of America (SS) 15 - 16 0.7
United States of America 15 - 16 0.40
United States of America 15 - 16
United States of America 15 - 16
United States of America Gardes 8, 10 and 12 1.10
South America Argentina 13 - 17 0.9
OPIOIDS USE
Argentina 15 - 16 1.0
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 13 - 18 0.6
Brazil 10 - 19 0.3
Brazil 10 - 19 0.6
Brazil 14 - 17 0.20
Brazil 14 - 17 0.10
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 3.5
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 2.0
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 2.0
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 2.0
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 2.0
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 1.92
Colombia 12 - 17 1.3
Colombia 11-18 0.5
Colombia University 0.3
Colombia University 0.39
Ecuador 12 - 17 0.9
Ecuador 12 - 17 0.4
Ecuador 12 - 17 1.0
Ecuador 12 - 17 0.4
Ecuador 12 - 17 1.30
Ecuador 12 - 17 3.21
Guyana 12 - 18 0.7
OPIOIDS USE
Paraguay Youth (undefined) 0.3
Paraguay 12+ 0.5
Peru (SS) ages 13-17 1.0
Suriname Secondary/ High School 0.5
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.5
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.5
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.2
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.0
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.4
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.2
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.1
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.3
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.5
Uruguay 13 - 17 1.10
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.20
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.10
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.90
Uruguay 13 - 17 1.00
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.20
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.10
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.70
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) (SS) 12 - 17 0.4
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) University 0.1
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 12 - 17 0.22
ASIA Central Asia and Transcaucasia Armenia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 0.6

Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 1.80
Kazakhstan 16, 19 and 21 0.9
Kyrgyzstan 15 - 18 1.0
Tajikistan 18 - 34
East and South-East Asia China 15 - 16
China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20
OPIOIDS USE

China, Macao SAR 10 - 25 0.8
China, Taiwan Province of China (SS) Grades 10 & 12 0.1
Indonesia 15 - 19 0.2
Indonesia 15 - 19 0.1
Indonesia 10-25 0.2
Indonesia 10-25 0.2
Indonesia 10-25 0.1
Indonesia 10-25 0.0
Indonesia 10-25 0.2
Indonesia (SS) 15 - 16
Indonesia (SS) 15 - 16
Myanmar 13 - 21 0.2
Thailand 13 - 18 0.2
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia Israel (SS) Grade 10
Israel 12 - 18 3.6
Israel 15 - 16
Israel 15 - 16
OPIOIDS USE
Israel 15 - 16
Israel (SS) 15 - 16
Jordan 15 - 16
Lebanon 15 - 16
Oman 15 - 16
Oman 15 - 16
Pakistan 15 - 64 0.30
Pakistan 15 - 64 0.80
Pakistan 15 - 64 1.50
South Asia Bangladesh 10 - 23
Bhutan Undefined
India 10 - 17
Sri Lanka 15 - 17 0.65
EUROPE Eastern Europe Belarus 15 - 16 0.3
Republic of Moldova (SS) 15 - 16 0.4
Republic of Moldova 15 - 24 0.1
Republic of Moldova 15 - 24 0.5
Russian Federation 15 - 16 0.4
Ukraine 15 - 34
Ukraine 15 -17 0.9
Ukraine 16 -17
Ukraine (SS) 15 - 16 1.10
South-Eastern Europe Albania 14 - 19 1.8
Albania (SS) 15 - 16 1.7
Albania (SS) 15 - 16 3.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina (SS) 15 - 16 0.4
Bulgaria 14 - 19 4.3
Bulgaria (SS) 15 - 16 2.5
Bulgaria 15-18 2.9
Bulgaria 15-18 3.5
Bulgaria 15-18 2.7
Croatia 16 1.1
Croatia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
OPIOIDS USE
Montenegro (SS) 16 1.2
Montenegro (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Montenegro 15 - 16 3.0
North Macedonia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
North Macedonia (SS) 15 - 16 0.90
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 0.3
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 1.1
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 1.8
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 1.8
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 0.7
Serbia 16 0.8
Serbia (SS) 15 - 16 1.1
Turkey (SS) 15 - 16 1.5
Western and Central Europe Austria 1.8
Austria 14 - 17 1.7
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 0.60
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 0.90
Belgium 15 - 16 0.9
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 0.8
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 0.4
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 0.6
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 2.0
Cyprus 16 2.0
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 3.0
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 3.0
Cyprus 15 - 24
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 3.0
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 34 0.30
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 34 0.10
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 2.0
Czechia 16 1.0
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 1.4
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 0.7
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 1.1
Czechia (SS) 17 - 18 0.60
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 0.5
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 1.3
Estonia (SS) 15 - 19 1.0
Estonia (SS) 6, 8, 12 grades 0.3
OPIOIDS USE
Estonia (SS) 6, 8, 12 grades 0.2
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Faroe Islands (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Faroe Islands (SS) 15 - 16 0.0
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 0.4
France (SS) 15 - 16 3.0
France 17 0.9
France 17 1.0
France (SS) 15 - 16 2.0
France 17 0.7
Germany 12 - 25 0.3
Germany (SS) 15 - 16 1.1
Germany (SS) 15 - 16 0.8
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 0.0
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 0.5
Germany 12 - 17 1.0
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 1.0
Gibraltar 11 - 18
Gibraltar (SS) 15 - 16
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 0.66
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.8
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 0.97
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 5.02
Greenland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Hungary (SS) 15 - 16 1.3
Hungary (SS) 15 - 16 1.4
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
OPIOIDS USE
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 0.40
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 0.40
Italy 15 - 16 0.8
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.3
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.2
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.5
Italy (SS) 15 - 17 1.8
Italy (SS) 15 - 17 1.0
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.3
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.3
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.47
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.05
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.48
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.54
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.28
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.49
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.23
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.57
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 1.5
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 2.3
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 2.10
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 0.8
Liechtenstein 12 - 16 0.2
Liechtenstein 12 - 19 0.3
Liechtenstein (SS) 15 - 16 3.0
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 1.1
Luxembourg 11 - 17 1.2
Luxembourg 12 - 18 0.7
Luxembourg 15-18 0.0
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 1.1
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 0.80
OPIOIDS USE
Monaco (SS) 15 - 16 2.0
Monaco (SS) 15 - 16 2.0
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Netherlands 12 - 18 0.8
Netherlands 12 - 18 0.6
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 1.4
Poland 18 - 19 1.9
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 1.3
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 2.4
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 1.6
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 1.5
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 2.0
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 1.90
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 1.80
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 1.30
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 1.90
Portugal (SS) 16 2.3
Portugal (SS) 15 - 16 2.0
Portugal (SS) 15-16 1.0
Portugal (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Slovakia 15 - 16 0.6
Slovakia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Slovakia (SS) 11 - 19 0.70
Slovakia 15 - 16 0.65
Slovenia 15 - 16 1.6
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Spain 14 - 18 1.0
Spain 14 - 18 1.0
Spain 14 - 18 1.0
Spain 14 - 18 0.6
Spain 14 - 18 0.6
Spain 14 - 18 0.8
Spain 14 - 18 0.8
Spain 14 - 18 0.70
Spain 14 - 18 0.70
Spain 14 - 18 2.20
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
OPIOIDS USE
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.4
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.3
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.8
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.2
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.30
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.30
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.50
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.56
Switzerland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0
Switzerland 15-19 0.0
Switzerland 15-19
United Kingdom (England) 15 1.9
United Kingdom (Scotland) (SS) 15 1.0
United Kingdom (Scotland) 15 1.6

United Kingdom (England and Wales) 16 - 24 0.4
OPIOIDS USE
OPIOIDS USE
OCEANIA Australia and New Zealand Australia 12 - 17 0.1
Australia 14 - 19
Australia 12 - 17 1.00
New Zealand Youth 16-17 1.0
Micronesia Guam (SS) Grades 9 - 12 3.6
Northern Mariana Islands (SS) Grades 9 - 12 3.5
Marshall Islands (SS) Grades 9 - 12 9.6
Palau High School Youth 5.8
Polynesia American Samoa (SS) Grades 9 - 12 5.2
Opioids include prescription opioids and opiates (opiates include heroin and opium).
* For Canada, heroin use among youth aged 15 - 19 in the population from the household survey is suppressed and not reported.
IOIDS USE
ation (unless specified otherwise)
alence (percentage)
Past Year Past Month Year of Estimate Source Notes
2017 ARQ
0.20 2016 ARQ Heroin
2004 ARQ
0.38 0.34 2016 ARQ Heroin
3.0 2013 ARQ Pharmaceutical opioids
2.0 2013 ARQ
1.4 0.7 2016 MedSPAD Tramadol
0.7 0.4 2016 MedSPAD Heroin
1.4 0.7 2016 MedSPAD Opium/Morphine
2013 ARQ
0.70 0.20 2017 MedSPAD Heroin
0.10 0.10 2016 MedSPAD Survey 2016/2017 Subutex
2008 ARQ Heroin
2011 ARQ Heroin, Western Cape Town only
2011/12 ARQ Heroin
2017 ARQ Heroin
0.60 0.40 2017 Government Heroin
0.40 0.20 2017 Government Opium
0.70 0.40 2017 Government Morphine
2.40 2017 UNODC Report Pharmaceutical opioids
0.10 2017 UNODC Report Heroin
1.24 2019 ARQ Opium
2005 OAS (MEM)
2008 Govt.
0.7 2002 ARQ
2006 OAS (MEM)
2006 OAS (MEM)
2008 ARQ
0.4 0.2 2005 Govt.
1.9 2005 ARQ
2006 OAS
2005 Govt. Youth Risk Behavior Survey
2006 OAS (MEM)
0.3 2002 ARQ
0.6 0.3 2002 OAS (MEM)
0.1 0.1 2012 ARQ Heroin
0.1 0.1 2012 ARQ
0.2 0.2 2015 ARQ Heroin
0.2 2015 ARQ
0.9 0.5 2015 ARQ Pharmaceutical opioids
Government provided CICAD university population data
0.1 0.1 2018 for 2018. Heroin
0.43 0.3 2018 ARQ Heroin
IOIDS USE
alence (percentage)
2008 ARQ

0.4 0.0 2012 Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2012

2012 Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2012 Morphine

0.4 0.0 2012 Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2012 Opium
2016 ARQ
2016 ARQ Heroin
Población objetivo: Estudiantes cursando los grados de

septimo noveno y segundo año de bachillerato. La encuesta
se paso en 98 centros educativos seleccionados de forma
aleatoria a nivel nacional, utilizando la metodología del
Sistema Interamericano de Datos Uniformes sobre Consumo
2018 (SIDUC) de la CICAD-OEA. Heroin
0.1 2004 ARQ
2014 ARQ Heroin
0.2 2005 ARQ
2013 ARQ Heroin
1.4 2008/09 ARQ Heroin
4.4 2010/11 ARQ
4.1 2010/11 ARQ Prescription opioids
2012/13 ARQ Heroin
2.7 2012/13 ARQ Pharmaceutical opioids
2.9 2012/13 ARQ
3.1 2014/15 ARQ
3.82 2016/17 ARQ
0.0 0.0 2011 National Addiction Household Survey
2008 National Addiction Household Survey
0.0 2011 ARQ
0.0 2011 ARQ Opium
0.0 2011 ARQ Heroin
0.5 0.3 2014 ARQ Heroin
IOIDS USE
alence (percentage)
2016 ARQ Opium
0.8 0.4 2010 Govt.
0.8 0.4 2011 ARQ Heroin
0.6 0.4 2012 ARQ Heroin
0.4 0.2 2012 ARQ Heroin with needle
0.6 0.3 2013 ARQ Heroin
0.5 0.4 2014 ARQ Heroin
0.5 0.2 2015 ARQ Heroin. Monitoring the future
0.3 0.2 2016 ARQ Heroin
2017 ARQ Heroin
0.20 0.10 2017 ARQ Opium
0.3 0.2 2019 ARQ Heroin
0.50 0.20 1991 Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use Heroin
2018 Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use Heroin
2007 ARQ
IOIDS USE
alence (percentage)
2009 ARQ
2011 ARQ Heroin
2014 ARQ Pharmaceutical opioids
Argentina Estudio Nacional en poblacion de 12-
2017 65_Consumo 2017 Heroin
2017 65_Consumo 2017 Opium
2017 65_Consumo 2017 Morphine
2017 65_Consumo 2017 Opioid analgesics
0.3 0.2 2004 ARQ
0.01 0.01 2012 ARQ Heroin
0.01 0.00 2012 ARQ Morphine
0.08 0.08 2016 ARQ Heroin
2016 ARQ Opium
2010 ARQ Heroin
2010 ARQ Prescription opioids
1.4 0.7 2009 ARQ Heroin
1.4 0.5 2011 ARQ Heroin
0.8 0.4 2013 ARQ Heroin
0.7 0.3 2015 ARQ
0.7 0.3 2015 ARQ Heroin
0.96 0.40 2017 ARQ Heroin
1.2 2004 ARQ Heroin
0.4 0.2 2011 ARQ Heroin
0.1 0.0 2012 ARQ Heroin
0.04 0.01 2016 Government
0.5 2005 ARQ
IV ENCUESTA NACIONAL SOBRE EL USO DE
0.1 0.0 2012 DROGAS EN ESTUDIANTES DE 12 A 17 AÑOS Opium
0.5 0.2 2012 DROGAS EN ESTUDIANTES DE 12 A 17 AÑOS Heroin
0.1 0.1 2012 DROGAS EN ESTUDIANTES DE 12 A 17 AÑOS MORPHINE
0.63 0.24 2012 ARQ
Encuesta sobre uso y consumo de drogas ilícitas en
estudiantes de 9no. EGB, 1ero. Y 3ero. De bachillerato,
2.51 0.75 2016 2016. Heroin
0.3 0.2 2002 ARQ
IOIDS USE
alence (percentage)
2005 ARQ Ages not specified
0.0 0.0 2014 ARQ Heroin. School in cities of at least 30000
2005 OAS (MEM)
0.0 0.0 2006 OAS (MEM)
0.3 2003 ARQ
2011 ARQ
2011 ARQ Opium
2011 ARQ Heroin
2014 ARQ Heroin
2014 ARQ Opium
2014 ARQ
2016 ARQ
2016 ARQ Opium
2016 ARQ Heroin
2018 ARQ
2018 ARQ Opium
2018 ARQ Heroin
0.1 0.1 2009 ARQ Heroin
2014 ARQ Heroin
0.14 0.10 2016 ARQ Heroin
2007 ESPAD
Select regions (capital); Georgian Medical News No3
2010 Research (180) 2010
2015 ARQ Heroin
0.6 0.4 2012 ARQ 6 provinces and 2 cities
2001 ARQ
0.0 2010 ARQ Opium
15.7 2016 ARQ
0.01 2007 ARQ Opioids
0.01 2009 Central Registry of Drug Abuse Opioids
IOIDS USE
alence (percentage)
@ 2016 ARQ Opioids; @ less than 0.005
@ 2016 ARQ Heroin; @ less than 0.005
0 2017 ARQ Heroin
0 2018 ARQ Heroin
0 2019 ARQ Heroin

2006 ARQ
2006 Govt.
0.2 0.10 2011 ARQ Heroin
0.1 0.1 2011 ARQ Opium
0.2 2015 ARQ Opioids. 20 provinces
0.0 2015 ARQ Opium. 20 provinces
2015 ARQ Heroin. Male. 20 provinces
2015 ARQ Heroin. Female. 20 provinces
0.2 2015 ARQ Tramadol. 20 provinces
1.80 2018 ARQ Pharmaceutical opioids only, 13 out of 34 Provinces

4.80 2018 ARQ Tramadol only, 13 out of 34 Provinces
0.2 2004 ARQ
2005 ARQ
1.9 2009 ARQ
3.0 2.8 2009 ARQ Prescription opioids
3.8 2014 ARQ Heroin, Opium crack, cocaine together
4.1 2014 ARQ Prescription opioids
IOIDS USE
alence (percentage)
3.9 2014 ARQ Methadone
2.6 2014 ARQ Heroin, Opium crack, cocaine together
0.9 2001 ARQ
0.8 2001 ARQ
3.0 2002 ARQ
2013 ARQ Opium
2013 ARQ Heroin
0.7 2001 ARQ
0.05 2010 ARQ Prescription opioids. General population survey
1.78 2018 ARQ
2010 ARQ Heroin
2008 ESPAD
2010 Govt.
0.1 0.1 2012 ARQ Heroin, General population survey
0.2 0.1 2012 ARQ Opium, General Population Survey
2015 ESPAD Heroin
2007 ARQ Heroin
2013 ARQ
2011 ARQ Heroin
0.1 0.1 2010 ARQ Heroin
2011 ARQ Heroin, Registered users
11.0 2015 ARQ
1.00 2019 ESPAD Heroin
2004 ARQ
2015 ARQ / ESPAD Heroin
2015 ARQ / ESPAD Pharmaceutical opioids
2011 ARQ Heroin
2.2 1.5 2008 ARQ
1.6 1.1 2008 ARQ Heroin
1.6 1.2 2008 ARQ Prescription opioids
2011 ARQ Heroin
2.8 2.2 2013 ARQ
2.2 1.5 2013 ARQ Heroin
2015 ARQ / ESPAD Pharmaceutical opioids
2007 ARQ
2015 ESPAD Heroin
IOIDS USE
alence (percentage)
2011 ESPAD Heroin
2008 ESPAD
2015 ARQ Heroin
2015 ARQ Heroin
1.0 2019 ARQ Heroin
2015 ESPAD Heroin
2015 ARQ Heroin
2007 ESPAD
2011 ARQ
2015 ARQ
2015 ARQ Heroin
0.4 2019 ARQ Heroin
2008 ARQ
2011 ARQ / ESPAD
0.8 2003 ESPAD
2007 ESPAD
2007 ARQ Heroin
0.80 2019 ARQ / ESPAD Heroin
0.3 2010 ARQ Heroin
0.2 2011 ARQ Heroin
0.2 2012 ARQ Heroin
0.3 2012/13 ARQ Heroin, Flemish part
2014 ESPAD Heroin, Flemish part
2007 ESPAD
2007 ARQ Heroin
2011 ESPAD Heroin
2011 ESPAD
0.1 2012 ARQ Heroin
2015 ESPAD Heroin
2016 General Population Survey Heroin
0.10 0.10 2019 General Population Survey Heroin
1.2 0.6 2007 Govt./ ESPAD Heroin and opiates
2007 ARQ Heroin
0.7 0.3 2011 ARQ
0.50 0.20 2016 ARQ / ESPAD Heroin
0.40 0.10 2018 ARQ / ESPAD
2007 ARQ
2015 ESPAD Heroin
2007 ARQ
2011 ARQ Heroin
2013 ARQ Heroin
IOIDS USE
alence (percentage)
2013 ARQ Pharmaceutical opioids, Fentanly
2015 ARQ (ESPAD) Heroin
1.0 2019 ARQ (ESPAD) Heroin
2019 ARQ (ESPAD) Pharmaceutical opioids, Fentanly
2007 ESPAD
2015 ESPAD Heroin
2007 ARQ Heroin
2011 ARQ Heroin
2013 ARQ Heroin
2015 ARQ (ESPAD) Heroin
0.20 2019 ARQ (ESPAD) Heroin
2007 ESPAD
0.6 2011 ARQ
0.4 2014 ARQ Heroin. Urban areas (excluding overseas departments)

2015 ESPAD Heroin
0.3 2017 ARQ Heroin
Die Drogenaffinität Jugendlicher in der Bundesrepublik
2008 Deutschland 2008. Heroin
2007 ARQ Heroin, Select regions
2011 ARQ Heroin. Select regions
2012 ARQ Heroin. Region Frankfurt am Main
2015 ARQ / MoSyD Data Heroin. Region Frankfurt am Main
0.5 2015 ARQ / DAS Data Heroin
2018 ARQ / MoSyD Data Heroin. Region Frankfurt am Main
1.5 2002 ARQ
0.74 0.26 2019 ARQ other illicit opioids
2007 ESPAD
2011 ARQ Heroin
2015 ARQ / ESPAD
0.96 2019 ESPAD Heroin
2019 ESPAD Pharmaceutical opioids
1.0 2003 ESPAD
2007 ESPAD
2015 ESPAD Heroin
2007 ESPAD
2015 ESPAD Heroin
2007 ESPAD
2011 ARQ Heroin
IOIDS USE
alence (percentage)
2015 ARQ Heroin
2017 ARQ Heroin
0.5 0.4 2010 ARQ Heroin
0.3 0.2 2012 ARQ Heroin
0.7 0.4 2013 ARQ
0.3 0.2 2013 ARQ Heroin
1.5 1.3 2014 ARQ Heroin. Male.
0.8 0.6 2014 ARQ Heroin. Female.
1.0 0.7 2015 ARQ
1.0 0.7 2015 ARQ Heroin
1.13 0.94 2016 ARQ Heroin
0.78 0.55 2017 ARQ Heroin
0.94 0.53 2018 ARQ
0.39 0.26 2018 ARQ Heroin
0.82 0.45 2018 ARQ other illicit opioids
0.91 0.54 2019 ARQ
0.70 0.40 2019 ARQ Opium and/or other opioids
0.40 0.31 2019 ARQ Heroin
2010 ARQ Heroin; Riga City
2011 ESPAD Heroin
2015 ARQ Heroin
0.2 2005 ARQ
0.2 2005 ARQ Heroin
2011 ARQ Heroin
2011 ARQ
2015 ARQ
2015 ARQ Heroin
2007 ESPAD
2013 ARQ Heroin
2015 ARQ Heroin
2019 ARQ Heroin
0.6 1999 ARQ
0.5 2010 ARQ
0.0 0.0 2015 National Drug Report 2017 Heroin
0.6 1999 National Drug Report 2017
1999 National Drug Report 2017
2007 ARQ Heroin
2011 ESPAD Heroin
IOIDS USE
alence (percentage)
2007 ESPAD
2015 ESPAD Heroin
2007 ESPAD
0.4 2007 ARQ Heroin
0.2 2010 ARQ Heroin
0.2 2011 ARQ Heroin
0.30 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
2017 ARQ / ESPAD
2007 ESPAD
1.0 2007 ARQ
0.8 0.5 2010 ARQ Heroin
2012 ARQ Heroin
2012 ARQ Polish Heroin
1.0 0.7 2013 ARQ Heroin
0.7 0.4 2013 ARQ Polish Heroin
2015 ESPAD Heroin
0.70 0.70 2016 ARQ Heroin
1.20 1.00 2018 ARQ Heroin
0.80 0.70 2018 ARQ Polish Heroin
2007 ESPAD
2011 ESPAD Opium
2015 ARQ
2015 ARQ Heroin
0.2 0.2 2010 ARQ Heroin
2015 ARQ Heroin
2018 ARQ Heroin
0.45 2019 ARQ
2007 ARQ Heroin
2011 ARQ Heroin
2015 ESPAD Heroin
2019 ESPAD Heroin
0.6 0.5 2010 ARQ
0.7 0.6 2012 ARQ
0.7 0.6 2012 ARQ Heroin
0.5 0.3 2014 ARQ
0.5 0.3 2014 ARQ Heroin
0.6 0.3 2016 ARQ
0.6 0.3 2016 ARQ Heroin
0.50 0.30 2019 ARQ
0.50 0.3 2019 ARQ Heroin
2009 ARQ
IOIDS USE
alence (percentage)
2014 ARQ Heroin. Male.
2014 ARQ Heroin. Female.
2016 ARQ Heroin
2017 ARQ Heroin
2018 ARQ Heroin
2019 ARQ Heroin
2007 ESPAD
0.0 0.0 2016 Addiction Monitoring in Switzerland, July 2017 Heroin
0.0 2016 Addiction Monitoring in Switzerland, July 2017 Methadone
1.7 0.7 2010 ARQ Any opiates
0.8 0.5 2011 ARQ Heroin
0.9 0.5 2012 ARQ Any opioids
0.5 0.4 2012 ARQ Heroin
0.5 0.2 2012 ARQ Methadone
0.5 0.4 2013 ARQ Heroin
0.3 0.1 2014 ARQ Heroin
0.90 0.60 2016 Government
0.60 0.40 2016 Government Heroin
0.30 0.30 2016 Government Methadone
1.00 0.70 2018 ARQ
0.90 0.70 2018 ARQ Heroin
1.0 1.0 2013 Govt. Heroin, methadone
Government/Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and
1.4 1.0 2015 Substance Use Survey (SALSUS)
1.3 0.9 2015 Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) Heroin
1.0 0.8 2015 Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) Methadone
0.1 0.1 1996 Government 1996 Methadone
0.0 0.0 2001 Government 2001/2002 Methadone
IOIDS USE
alence (percentage)
0.0 2012 Government 2012/2013 Methadone
0.2 2013 Government 2013/2014 Methadone
0.4 0.1 1996 Government 1996 Heroin
0.3 0.2 2001 Government 2001/2002 Heroin
0.0 2012 Government 2012/2013 Heroin
0.0 2013 Government 2013/2014 Heroin
0.4 0.1 1996 Government 1996 All Opiates
0.3 0.2 2001 Government 2001/2002 All Opiates
IOIDS USE
alence (percentage)
0.0 2012 Government 2012/2013 All Opiates
0.2 2013 Government 2013/2014 All Opiates
0.1 2007 ARQ
1.00 1.00 2017 ARQ Heroin
4.00 2.00 2017 ARQ Non - Heroin Opioids
1.0 2008 Govt. Household survey
2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Heroin
COCAINE USE
among the youth population (unless specified otherwise)
Coverage Year of
Region Subregion Country/ Territory (age/grade) Lifetime Past Year Past Month Estimate
(HHS) age 15 -
AFRICA East Africa Kenya 17 0.2 0.2 2007
Kenya (SS) 15 - 16 1.10 0.20 2016
North Africa Algeria 15 - 17 0.71 0.48 0.38 2016
Egypt 15 - 17 1.10 0.76 0.50 2016
Morocco (SS) 15 - 17 1.20 0.70 0.40 2009
Morocco (SS) 15 - 17 0.70 0.40 0.40 2009
Morocco (SS) 15 - 17 1.30 2013
Morocco (SS) 15 - 17 1.20 2013
Morocco (SS) 15 - 17 1.30 0.60 0.10 2013
Morocco (SS) 15 - 17 1.20 0.60 0.10 2013
Morocco 15 - 17 1.30 0.70 0.30 2017
Morocco 15 - 17 0.60 0.40 0.30 2017
Tunisia 15 - 17 0.52 0.25 0.16 2013
Tunisia 15 - 17 0.40 0.20 0.20 2016
Southern Africa Namibia 15 - 16 3.2 2015
South Africa 13 - 22 6.7 2008
South Africa (SS) grades 8- 10 1.0 2011
South Africa (SS) grades 8- 11 4.9 2011/12

West and Central Africa Cabo Verde grade 11 1.60 2018
Central African Republic 15 - 17 2.0 2016
Côte d'Ivoire 15 - 18 2.30 1.00 0.60 2017
Côte d'Ivoire 15 - 18 1.40 0.60 0.50 2017
Ghana 13 - 15 2.9 2007
Nigeria 15 - 19 0.1 2017
Senegal 15 - 16 0.74 2019
Secondary/ High
AMERICAS Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda School 1.7 1.0 0.7 2005
Secondary/ High
Antigua and Barbuda School 1.7 0.8 0.5 2005
Antigua and Barbuda SS 3.3 1.9 1.5 2013
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Bahamas 15-16 0.3 2008
Bahamas 15-16 0.3 0.2 2008
Bahamas SS 1.5 0.7 0.3 2011
Bahamas SS 1.1 0.5 0.3 2011
Bahamas 10 - 17 1.2 0.7 0.3 2011
(SS) ages 13, 15,
Barbados & 17 2.0 0.7 0.5 2006
(SS) ages 13, 15,
Barbados & 17 2.0 0.9 0.5 2006
Barbados SS 2.3 1.5 1.3 2013
Barbados SS 2.8 1.7 1.3 2013
(SS) ages 13, 15,
Dominica & 17 0.8 0.6 0.4 2006
(SS) ages 13, 15,
Dominica & 17 0.6 0.4 0.3 2006
Dominica SS 2.8 1.3 0.9 2011
Dominica SS 2.3 0.9 0.6 2011
Dominican Republic 12 - 20 2.7 2000
Dominican Republic 12 - 18 0.7 0.5 0.2 2008
Dominican Republic 12 - 18 0.8 0.5 0.2 2008
Grenada 15 - 16 0.9 0.5 0.2 2005
Grenada SS 3.3 2.2 1.6 2013
Haiti 15 - 16 2.8 1.6 2005
Haiti 15 - 16 3.2 2.0 2005
Haiti SS 2.2 1.7 0.9 2014
Jamaica Ages 11 - 19 1.7 2006
Jamaica Ages 11 - 19 3.2 2.1 1.3 2006
Jamaica (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2010
Jamaica SS 2.1 1.1 0.5 2013
(SS) Grades 9 -
Puerto Rico 12 2.1 1.3 2005
Saint Kitts and Nevis 15 - 16 2.5 1.3 0.9 2006
Saint Kitts and Nevis SS 2.9 1.8 1.1 2013
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
(SS) ages 13, 15,
Saint Lucia & 17 1.5 0.8 0.5 2005
Saint Lucia SS 3.0 1.8 1.1 2013
Saint Lucia SS 2.3 1.6 1.2 2013
(SS) ages 13, 15,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines & 17 0.3 0.2 0.1 2006
(SS) ages 13, 15,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines & 17 0.6 0.3 0.2 2006
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines SS 1.2 0.6 0.6 2013
(SS) ages 13, 15,
Trinidad and Tobago & 17 0.7 2006
(SS) ages 13, 15,
Trinidad and Tobago & 17 0.8 2006
Trinidad and Tobago SS 2.8 1.5 0.9 2013
Turks and Caicos Islands 11 - 20 0.8 2002
Turks and Caicos Islands 11 - 20 1.7 0.7 2002
(SS) ages 13, 15,
Central America Belize & 17 1.9 0.8 0.4 2002
(SS) ages 13, 15,
Belize & 17 1.4 0.7 0.5 2002
Belize SS 3.0 1.6 0.8 2013
Belize SS 1.8 0.7 0.6 2013
Costa Rica (SS) Grade 10 1.0 0.5 0.4 2009
Costa Rica 14 - 17 2.6 1.2 0.6 2009
Costa Rica 14 - 17 1.3 0.6 0.4 2009
Costa Rica 15-16 1.5 0.8 0.3 2012
Costa Rica 15-16 1.4 0.6 0.2 2012
Costa Rica 15-16 0.6 0.4 0.2 2012
Costa Rica 15 - 16 2.2 2.0 0.3 2015
Costa Rica 15 - 16 1.9 1.7 2015
Costa Rica 15 - 16 0.5 0.3 0.3 2015
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Costa Rica 11 - 22 2.15 1.10 1.10 2018
Costa Rica 11 - 22 1.83 0.91 0.48 2018
Costa Rica 11 - 22 0.87 0.42 0.21 2018
El Salvador 13 - 17 1.9 1.1 0.5 2008
El Salvador 13 - 17 1.2 0.6 0.4 2008
El Salvador 17 - 25 2.7 0.4 0.2 2012
El Salvador 17 - 25 2.3 0.4 0.2 2012
El Salvador 17 - 25 0.4 0.0 0.0 2012

El Salvador 13 - 17 4.7 1.4 0.8 2016
El Salvador 13 - 17 3.0 0.9 0.5 2016
El Salvador 13 - 17 1.7 0.5 0.3 2016
7th grade, 9th
grade and 2nd
year
El Salvador "bachillerato" 2.80 0.9 0.6 2018
7th grade, 9th
grade and 2nd
year
7th grade, 9th
grade and 2nd
year
Guatemala 12 - 19 0.4 0.1 2004
Guatemala 12 - 19 1.3 0.5 2004
Guatemala 11 - 22 3.6 1.4 0.82 2014
Guatemala 11 - 22 2.84 0.94 0.55 2014
Secondary/ High
Honduras School 0.4 0.2 0.1 2005
Honduras 13 - 25 2.8 1.0 2008
Secondary/ High
Honduras School 2.1 0.9 0.4 2005
Honduras 12 - 17 0.9 2005
Honduras 15 - 16 10.0 3.2 1.6 2014
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Honduras 14-17 6.8 3.4 1.1 2015
Honduras 15 - 16 6.0 3.1 1.7 2016
Honduras 15 - 16 3.2 1.2 0.8 2016
Nicaragua 12 - 18 1.2 2004
Nicaragua 12 - 18 2.3 2004
Panama SS 2.2 1.5 1.2 2008
Panama SS 1.2 1.0 1.0 2008
Panama 18-25 1.3 0.3 0.1 2013
North America Canada 15-19 7.2 4.4 2008/09
Canada 15 - 19 2.6 1.4 2010
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 3.1 1.9 2010/11
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 3.3 2.0 2012/13
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 2.7 1.9 2014/15
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 3.24 2.4 2016/17

Mexico 12 - 17 0.7 0.4 0.2 2011
Mexico 12 - 17 0.4 2008
Mexico 12 - 17 0.2 2002
Mexico 12 - 17 0.7 0.4 0.2 2011
Mexico 15 - 16 0.7 0.4 2011
Mexico 15 - 16 0.1 0.0 2011
Mexico 15 - 16 3.3 1.7 0.9 2014
Mexico 15 - 16 1.6 2014
Mexico 12 - 17 1.1 0.6 0.2 2016
Mexico 12 - 17 0.4 0.3 0.1 2016
United States of America (SS) Grade 10 1.8 1.0 0.5 2010
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
United States of America 15 - 16 2.6 1.9 0.6 2014
United States of America (SS) 15 - 16 2.7 1.8 0.8 2015

Gardes 8, 10 and
United States of America 12 4.6 2.2 0.8 1991
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
Gardes 8, 10 and
South America Argentina 13 - 17 0.8 2007
Argentina 13 - 17 4.1 2.5 2007
Argentina 15 - 16 2.7 1.5 1.0 2009
Argentina 15 - 16 4.8 2.9 1.8 2009
Argentina 15 - 16 1.1 2009
Argentina 12 - 17 0.4 0.4 0.2 2010
Argentina 15 - 16 0.8 2011
Argentina 15 - 16 4.8 2.8 1.5 2011
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Argentina 15 - 16 2.0 1.1 0.6 2011
Argentina 16 - 27 3.2 2011
Argentina 15 - 16 0.8 2014
Argentina 15 - 16 3.8 2.1 1.0 2014
Argentina 15 - 16 1.8 0.9 0.4 2014
Argentina 12 - 17 1.2 0.4 0.1 2017
Argentina 12 - 17 0.2 0.00 2017
Argentina 12 - 17 0.00 2017
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 13 - 18 3.1 1.9 1.2 2008
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 18 - 25 0.13 2016
Brazil 15 - 16 1.9 1.8 1.2 2005
Brazil 10 - 19 2.5 1.8 1.0 2010
Brazil University 7.7 3.0 1.8 2012
Brazil 10 - 19 0.6 0.4 0.3 2010
Brazil 14 - 17 2.30 1.60 2012
Brazil 14 - 17 0.80 0.10 2012
Brazil 14 - 17 0.50 0.10 2012
Brazil (SS) 13 - 17 0.60 2019
Brazil (SS) 13 - 15 0.50 2019
Brazil (SS) 16 - 17 0.60 2019
Chile 12 - 18 0.8 1994
Chile 12 - 18 1.2 1994
Chile 12 - 18 0.9 1996
Chile 12 - 18 0.8 1996
Chile 12 - 18 0.9 1998
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Chile 12 - 18 1.0 1998
Chile 12 - 18 1.1 2000
Chile 12 - 18 0.7 2000
Chile 12 - 18 0.8 2002
Chile 12 - 18 0.2 2002
Chile 12 - 18 0.7 2004
Chile 12 - 18 0.7 2004
Chile 12 - 18 0.7 2006
Chile 12 - 18 0.6 2006
Chile 12 - 18 1.0 2008
Chile 12 - 18 0.4 2008
Chile 15 - 16 5.4 2.9 1.4 2009
Chile 15 - 16 8.5 4.9 2.6 2009
Chile 15 - 16 6.5 3.4 1.7 2009
Chile 15 - 16 3.4 1.8 1.0 2009
Chile 12 - 18 0.4 2010
Chile 12 - 18 0.3 2010
Chile 15 - 16 7.1 4.7 2.4 2011
Chile 15 - 16 5.5 3.6 1.6 2011
Chile 15 - 16 4.1 2.4 1.3 2011
Chile 12 - 18 0.3 2012
Chile 12 - 18 0.2 2012
Chile 15 - 16 7.3 4.5 2.2 2013
Chile 15 - 16 5.6 3.3 1.5 2013
Chile 15 - 16 4.2 2.3 1.1 2013
Chile 12 - 18 1.6 2014
Chile 12 - 18 0.3 2014
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 8.2 5.0 2.3 2015
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 6.3 3.8 1.5 2015
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 4.7 2.6 1.2 2015
Chile 12 - 18 0.3 2016
Chile 12 - 18 0.3 2016
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 6.57 3.99 1.71 2017
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 5.21 3.18 1.17 2017
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 3.05 1.42 0.74 2017
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 6.10 3.45 1.74 2019
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 4.78 2.63 1.15 2019
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 3.07 1.59 0.89 2019
Colombia 15 - 16 2.0 1.7 0.5 2005
Colombia 12 - 17 1.4 1.2 2004
Colombia 12 - 17 1.8 1.6 2004
Colombia 11-18 2.8 1.9 1.0 2011
Colombia 11-18 0.7 0.5 0.2 2011

Colombia University 7.0 2.1 0.9 2012

Colombia 15 - 16 4.27 2.85 1.58 2016
Colombia 15 - 16 1.29 0.89 0.58 2016
Ecuador 12 - 17 0.6 2005
Ecuador 12 - 17 2.2 1.3 2008
Ecuador 12 - 17 0.7 0.3 0.1 2012
Ecuador 12 - 17 1.2 0.6 0.2 2012
Ecuador 12 - 17 2.9 1.3 0.5 2012
Ecuador 12 - 17 2.2 1.0 0.4 2012
Ecuador 18 - 24 4.41 1.52 0.47 2016
Ecuador 12 - 17 2.92 2.30 0.43 2016
Ecuador 12 - 17 1.20 1.18 0.59 2016
Ecuador 12 - 17 2.29 1.96 0.44 2016

Guyana 12 - 18 0.5 0.2 0.1 2002
Guyana 0.7 0.3 0.1 2002
Guyana SS 6.8 3.4 1.0 2013
Guyana SS 1.5 1.1 0.7 2013
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Guyana SS 2.1 1.1 0.5 2013
Paraguay 15 - 16 1.1 0.7 0.5 2005
Students
Paraguay (undefined) 0.3 2005
Paraguay 12+ 2.0 1.7 0.7 2014
Paraguay 12+ 1.0 0.6 0.3 2014

Peru 11 - 19 2.6 1.2 0.6 2007
Peru 12 - 18 1.0 0.5 0.3 2006
Peru 15 - 16 1.1 1.1 0.7 2006
Peru 15 - 16 1.4 1.1 0.7 2006
Peru 15 - 16 1.0 0.7 0.7 2006
Peru 15-16 0.4 0.4 0.4 2010
Peru 15-16 1.0 0.7 0.3 2010
Peru 11-20 1.8 0.9 0.7 2012
Peru 11-20 1.9 0.9 0.7 2012
Peru 11-20 0.3 2012
Peru 14 - 16 2.14 1.02 0.81 2012
Peru 14 - 16 2.14 1.02 0.81 2012
Peru 14 - 16 2.22 1.00 0.79 2012
Peru 18 - 24 1.82 0.29 0.15 2016
Peru 10 - 17 2.60 1.00 0.50 2017
Peru 10 - 18 2.30 0.70 0.30 2017
Peru 10 - 17 0.60 2017
Secondary/ High
Suriname School 0.6 0.2 0.1 2006
Secondary/ High
Uruguay 13 - 17 1.3 0.6 0.2 2009
Uruguay 13 - 17 4.0 2.6 1.1 2009
Uruguay 13 - 17 3.9 2.5 1.1 2009
Uruguay 13 - 17 3.1 1.6 0.6 2011
Uruguay 13 - 17 2.6 1.4 0.6 2011
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.2 2011
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.9 0.4 0.2 2011
Uruguay 13 - 17 3.0 2.3 0.9 2014
Uruguay 13 - 17 2.7 2.1 0.9 2014
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.2 2014
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.9 0.5 0.1 2014
Uruguay 13 - 17 3.80 2.60 1.10 2016
Uruguay 13 - 17 3.50 2.50 1.10 2016
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.60 2016
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.90 0.50 0.20 2016
Uruguay 13 - 17 3.70 2.40 1.00 2018
Uruguay 13 - 17 3.50 2.20 0.90 2018
Uruguay 13 - 17 2.00 2018
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.90 0.60 0.20 2018
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) (SS) 12 - 18 0.5 0.2 0.2 2009
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 15 -17 0.5 0.3 0.1 2011
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) University 0.1 2014
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) University 0.7 0.3 0.1 2014
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 12 - 17 0.74 0.51 0.38 2016
ASIA Central Asia and Transcaucasia Armenia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2007
Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 1.1 2010
Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 0.6 2010

Georgia 17 3.2 1.6 2014
Georgia 17 1.1 0.4 2014
Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 1.8 1.2 2015
Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 1.4 1.0 2015
Kazakhstan 16 - 24 0.8 2012
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
East and South-East Asia China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20 0.04 2007
China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20 0.04 2008
China, Hong Kong SAR (SS) (Secondary) 0.59 2008/09




China, Macao SAR 15 - 24 50.00 2019
Indonesia 15 -19 0.2 0.2 0.1 2011
Indonesia 15 -19 0.2 0.2 0.1 2011
Indonesia (SS) 15 - 16 2.40 2018

Youth
Thailand (undefined) 0.3 2003
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia Israel (SS) Grade 10 2.0 2009
Israel (SS) Grade 10 1.6 2009
Israel 12 - 18 3.4 2.9 1.0 2009
Israel 12 - 18 2.6 2.1 0.3 2009
Lebanon 15 - 16 1.2 2001

Pakistan 15 - 64 0.01 2013
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
South Asia India 10 - 17 0.06 2018
EUROPE Eastern Europe Belarus 15 - 16 0.4 2007

Belarus 15 - 16 0.2 2007
Belarus 15 - 16 0.2 2007
Republic of Moldova (SS) 15 - 24 0.1 2010
Republic of Moldova 15 - 16 0.8 2008
Russian Federation 15 - 16 0.6 2007
Ukraine 15 - 16 0.0 2007
Ukraine 15 - 16 1.0 2007
Ukraine 15 - 34 0.2 0.1 2010
Ukraine 15 - 17 0.9 2011
Ukraine 15 - 17 1.1 2011
Ukraine 16 -17 0.0 2015
Ukraine (SS) 15 - 16 1.50 1.00 2019
Ukraine (SS) 15 - 16 1.20 0.90 2019
South-Eastern Europe Albania 14 - 19 1.4 2004
Albania 14 - 19 1.4 2004
Albania (SS) 15 - 16 3.7 2015
Albania (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 2015
Bulgaria 14 - 19 6.0 3.9 2.5 2008
Bulgaria (SS) 15 - 16 4.0 2011
Bulgaria (SS) 15 - 16 2.4 2011
Bulgaria 15 - 19 4.3 3.4 2.1 2013
Bulgaria 15 - 19 4.3 3.4 2.1 2013
Bulgaria 15 - 16 4.8 3.8 2015
Bulgaria 15 - 16 3.3 2.7 2015
Croatia 16 1.6 2007
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Croatia 16 1.5 2007
Croatia (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Croatia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Montenegro (SS) 16 1.5 2011
Montenegro 15 - 16 1.3 2008
Montenegro 15 - 16 1.0 2008
Montenegro 15 - 16 3.0 2015
Montenegro 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Montenegro (SS) 16 3.0 2.0 2019
Montenegro (SS) 16 1.0 1.0 2019
North Macedonia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
North Macedonia (SS) 15 - 16 1.50 1.20 2015
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 1.5 2007
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 0.3 2007
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 2011
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2011
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 3.8 2015
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 3.3 2015
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 1.2 2015
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 2.1 1.8 2019
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 1.8 1.6 2019
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 0.6 0.5 2019
Serbia 16 0.9 2008
Serbia (SS) 15 - 16 1.4 2011
Serbia (SS) 15 - 16 1.2 2011
Turkey 15 - 16 1.6 0.8 2003
Western and Central Europe Andorra (SS) 15 0.9 2008
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 2.3 2007
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 3.2 2007
Austria 14 - 17 3.4 2007
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 1.5 2015
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 1.8 1.4 2015
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 0.6 0.4 2015
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 3.1 2.4 2019
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 2.9 2.2 2019
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 1.1 0.8 2019
Belgium 15 - 16 2.5 1.1 2010
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 0.6 2011
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1.7 0.8 2012
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 0.8 2012/13
Belgium (SS) 15 - 15 1.5 0.7 2013/2014
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1.2 0.6 2014/2014
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2014
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2014
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 2.20 1.30 2016
Belgium (SS) 12 - 18 2.00 1.10 2016
Belgium (SS) 12 - 18 2.00 1.10 2017
Belgium (SS) 12 - 18 2.20 1.30 2017
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2007
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2007
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 4.0 2011
Cyprus 15 - 24 1.1 0.1 0.1 2012
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2015
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 34 2.10 0.40 0.30 2016
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 34 3.00 0.90 0.30 2019
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 0.5 0.3 2007
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 0.8 2007
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 1.1 2011
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 0.7 2011
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 1.4 0.8 0.3 2015
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 1.5 0.7 0.3 2015
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 1.5 0.7 0.3 2016
Czechia (SS) 17 - 18 2.30 1.60 0.50 2018
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 3.2 2007
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 2011
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 2013
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 1.80 2015
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 2.5 2007
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 2.1 2007
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 2.9 2007
Estonia (SS) 15 - 19 1.8 2011
Estonia (SS) 15 - 19 1.7 2011
(SS) 6, 8, 12
Estonia grades 0.8 2013
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2.0 2019
Faroe Islands (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2007
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2007
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2007
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2011
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2013
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 0.70 2019
France (SS) 15 - 16 6.0 2007
France (SS) 15 - 16 5.0 2007
France 17 3.0 2.2 2011
France 17 0.8 0.5 2011
France 17 3.2 1.6 2014

COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
France 17 1.1 0.4 2014

France (SS) 15 - 16 4.0 2015
France (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2015
France 17 2.8 1.5 2017
France 17 0.6 0.2 2017
Germany (SS) 15 - 16 2.3 2007
Germany (SS) 15 - 16 3.5 2007
Germany 12 - 25 0.9 0.3 2008
Germany (SS) 15 - 16 3.1 2011
Germany (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 2011
Germany 12 - 17 0.2 2011
Germany 12 - 17 0.0 2011
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 4.0 1.0 2012
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 1.0 2012
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 4.0 1.0 2013
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 1.0 2013

Germany (SS) 15 - 18 3.0 1.0 2014
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 0.0 2014

Germany 12 - 17 0.5 0.3 2015
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 0.5 0.5 2017
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 3.0 2.0 1.0 2018
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 0.5 0.5 2018

Gibraltar 12 - 18 2.6 2008
Gibraltar 12 - 18 1.9 2008
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2007
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2007
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.5 2011
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.1 2011
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.3 1.1 2015
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 0.8 2015
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 0.8 2015
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.3 1.1 2015
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.48 1.15 2019
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 0.9 2019
Greenland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 1.0 2003
Hungary 15 - 16 1.3 2007
Hungary 15 - 16 1.9 2007
Hungary (SS) 15 - 16 3.2 1.9 2015
Hungary (SS) 15 - 16 1.6 0.9 2015
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2007
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2007
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2011
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 4.0 2007
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 4.0 2007
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2011
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2011
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2015
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 2.1 1.8 2015
Italy (SS) 15 - 16 2.2 1.6 0.9 2010
Italy (SS) 15 - 16 1.6 1.2 0.7 2010
Italy (SS) 15 - 16 1.3 0.9 0.5 2010
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.5 1.1 0.7 2012
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.9 0.7 0.4 2012
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.8 0.6 0.4 2012
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.8 1.3 0.8 2013
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.2 0.9 0.5 2013
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.0 0.5 0.4 2013
Italy (SS) 15-17 3.3 2.5 1.7 2014
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Italy (SS) 15-17 1.9 1.3 0.8 2014
Italy (SS) 15-19 3.8 2.5 1.5 2015
Italy (SS) 15-19 3.2 2.2 1.3 2015
Italy (SS) 15-19 1.7 1.1 0.7 2015
Italy (SS) 15-19 3.6 2.5 1.6 2016
Italy (SS) 15-19 3.1 2.2 1.4 2016
Italy (SS) 15-19 1.6 1.1 0.9 2016
Italy (SS) 15-19 3.4 1.9 1.3 2017
Italy (SS) 15-19 2.6 1.8 1.2 2017
Italy (SS) 15-19 1.2 0.9 0.6 2017
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 2.85 1.81 0.94 2018
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 2.70 1.71 0.87 2018
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.88 0.59 0.40 2018
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 2.88 1.83 0.98 2019
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 2.55 1.62 0.89 2019
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.04 0.65 0.42 2019
Latvia 15 - 16 1.4 2007
Latvia 15 - 16 1.6 2007
Latvia School survey 2.9 2010
Latvia 15 - 16 1.9 2011
Latvia 15 - 16 3.5 2011
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 2.30 2.10 2015
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 2.20 2015
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 1.8 1.09 2019
Liechtenstein 12 - 16 0.8 0.6 2005
Liechtenstein (SS) 15 - 16 4.0 2011
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 1.5 2007
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 1.2 2007
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 2.4 2011
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2011
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 2.2 1.3 2015
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 0.6 2015
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 2.2 2019
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 2019
Luxembourg 15 - 16 1.5 1.5 1999
Luxembourg 12-18 1.8 1.2 1999
Luxembourg 15-16 1.5 1999
Luxembourg 12 - 18 1.7 1.3 2010
Malta 15 - 16 1.9 2007
Malta 15 - 16 3.7 2007
Malta 15 - 16 4.0 2011
Malta 15 - 16 1.0 2011
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2015
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 2.8 2.0 2015
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 1.4 0.9 2015
Monaco (SS) 15 - 16 4.0 2007
Monaco (SS) 15 - 16 6.0 2007
Monaco (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2015
Monaco (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2007
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2007
Netherlands 12 - 18 1.7 0.8 2007
Netherlands 12 - 18 1.7 0.8 2010
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 1.7 0.8 2011
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Netherlands (SS) 12 - 16 1.30 0.90 0.50 2015
Netherlands (SS) 12 - 16 1.30 0.90 0.50 2017
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2007
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2007
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2011
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 0.3 2007
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 2.2 1.1 2008
Poland 18 - 19 2.3 0.7 0.6 2010
Poland 18 - 19 2.3 0.6 0.5 2010
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 3.3 2012
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 2.1 2012
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 3.5 1.9 1.1 2013
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 4.0 2015
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 3.40 1.60 1.00 2016
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 3.70 2.10 1.20 2018
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 2.90 1.80 2019
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 1.40 1.00 2019
Portugal (SS) 16 1.8 2007
Portugal (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2011
Portugal (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2011
Portugal (SS) 15 -16 2.0 2015
Portugal (SS) 15 -16 1.0 2015
Slovakia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 0.6 0.3 2010
Slovakia (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 1.1 2015
Slovakia (SS) 11 - 19 1.35 2018
Slovakia 15 - 16 1.35 0.90 2019
Slovenia (SS) 16 1.6 2006
Slovenia 15 - 16 3.0 2007
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2011
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2011
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 2.2 2015
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 1.2 2015
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 2.9 2019
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 2019
Spain 14 - 18 3.9 2.6 1.5 2010
Spain 14 - 18 3.2 2.0 1.2 2010
Spain 14 - 18 3.6 2.5 1.5 2012
Spain 14 - 18 2.9 2.0 1.1 2012
Spain 14 - 18 3.5 2.8 1.8 2014
Spain 14 - 18 2.3 1.8 1.2 2014
Spain 14 - 18 2.7 2.1 1.4 2014
Spain 14 - 18 3.2 2.5 1.0 2016
Spain 14 - 18 2.6 2.1 0.8 2016
Spain 14 - 18 1.7 1.2 0.5 2016
Spain 14 - 18 2.90 2.40 0.90 2019
Spain 14 - 18 2.60 2.10 0.70 2019
Spain 14 - 18 1.20 1.00 0.40 2019
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2009
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 2014
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.5 2014
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 1.2 2015
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.5 2015
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.90 2016
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 1.01 2018
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.97 2019
Switzerland (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2007
Switzerland (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2007
Switzerland (SS) 15 1.2 2014
Switzerland (SS) 15 2.4 2014
Switzerland 15-19 0.8 0.6 0.1 2016
Switzerland 15-19 0.0 2016
United Kingdom (England) 15 0.9 0.5 0.2 2010
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
United Kingdom (England) (SS)15 2.3 2.0 0.9 2014
United Kingdom (Scotland) (SS) 15 2.0 2.0 1.0 2013
United Kingdom (Scotland) 15 3.9 3.5 1.9 2015
United Kingdom (Scotland) 2.4 2.1 1.2 2016
United Kingdom (Scotland) 1.0 0.9 0.6 2016
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 16 - 24 4.7 1.4 0.6 1996
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 16 - 24 8.5 3.1 2012
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
OCEANIA Australia and New Zealand Australia 12 - 17 0.8 0.4 2007
Australia 14 - 19 2.1 1.3 0.7 2010
Australia 14-19 2.1 1.1 0.3 2013
Australia 14 - 19 2.10 1.0 0.30 2016

Australia 14 - 19 1.5 1.0 2013
Australia 12 - 17 2.00 2.00 1.00 2017
New Zealand Youth 16 - 17 0.1 0.1 2008
(SS) Grades 9 -
Micronesia Guam 12 4.6 2.0 2007
(SS) Grades 9 -
Northern Mariana Islands 12 4.7 2.9 2007
(SS) Grades 9 -
Marshall Islands 12 7.7 5.3 2007
COCAINE USE
Coverage Year of
(SS) Grades 9 -
Palau 12 5.9 3.5 2007
High school
Palau Youth 7.1 2011
(SS) Grades 9 -
Polynesia American Samoa 12 5.4 3.0 2007
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
Govt.
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ
MedSPAD Cocaine
MedSPAD Cocaine
MedSPAD Crack
MedSPAD Cocaine
MedSPAD Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
MedSPAD Cocaine
MedSPAD Crack
MedSPAD Cocaine
MedSPAD Survey 2016/2017
Govt. Cocaine, Crack Cocaine
Cocaine, any (HCl and/ or Crack);

ARQ Select regions (Cape Town)
ARQ Cape Town only
ARQ
2018 National Survey on Substance Use and Health (NSSUH)
ARQ
Government Cocaine
Government Crack
ARQ Cocaine, any (HCl and/ or Crack)
UNODC Report
ARQ Cocaine salts
OAS (MEM) Ages not specified
OAS (MEM) Crack

CICAD/ OAS Cocaine salts
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
CICAD/ OAS Crack
Govt.
Govt. Crack
CICAD/ OAS
CICAD/ OAS Crack
ARQ
OAS (MEM) Crack
OAS (MEM)
CICAD/ OAS Crack
CICAD/ OAS
OAS (MEM) Crack
OAS (MEM)
CICAD/ OAS
CICAD/ OAS Crack
ARQ Crack
ARQ
Govt. Crack
CICAD/ OAS Mainly crack
ARQ Crack
ARQ
OAS Crack
OAS
ARQ
Govt. Youth Risk Behavior Survey

Govt.
Govt. Crack
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
CICAD/ OAS Crack
OAS (MEM)
CICAD/ OAS Crack
OAS (MEM) Crack
OAS (MEM)
CICAD/ OAS Crack
OAS (MEM) Crack
OAS (MEM)
CICAD/ OAS Crack
ARQ Crack
ARQ
OAS (MEM) Crack
OAS (MEM)
CICAD/ OAS
CICAD/ OAS Crack
ARQ/ Govt. Crack
ARQ/ Govt.
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine overall
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Crack
Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en Población Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2012
Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en Población Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2012 Cocaine salts
Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en Población Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2012 Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
Población objetivo: Estudiantes cursando los grados de septimo noveno y segundo año de bachillerato. La
encuesta se paso en 98 centros educativos seleccionados de forma aleatoria a nivel nacional, utilizando la
metodología del Sistema Interamericano de Datos Uniformes sobre Consumo (SIDUC) de la CICAD-
OEA.
OEA. Cocaine salts
OEA. Crack
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
OAS (MEM) Crack

ARQ Crack; Central District
OAS (MEM)
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Crack
ARQ
CICAD/ OAS
CICAD/ OAS Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
National Adiction Household Survey
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Crack
Govt. Crack
Govt. (non-crack form)
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ Other coca type
ARQ
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Crack
ARQ Other coca type
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts. Monitoring the future

Other coca type. Monitoring the
ARQ future
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use Cocaine

ied otherwise)
Source Notes
Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use Crack

ied otherwise)
Source Notes

ied otherwise)
Source Notes
Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use Other cocaine

ied otherwise)
Source Notes

ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Coca paste / coca base
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
Argentina Estudio Nacional en poblacion de 12-65_Consumo 2017 Cocaine
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Cocaine paste (paco)
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Cocaine paste (paco)
Estudio Nacional en población de 12-65_Consumo 2010 Cocaine
Estudio Nacional en población de 12-65_Consumo 2010 Cocaine paste (paco)
Estudio Nacional en población de 12-65_Consumo 2010 Crack
ARQ Cocaine
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Coca paste/cocaine base
CICAD/ OAS Cocaine, includes coca paste
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Other cocaine
Government / National School Health Survey - PeNSE (crack cocaine) Crack
Chile XII study 2017 Cocaine hydrochloride
Chile XII study 2017 Base Paste
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Other coca/cocaine type
ARQ
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Base Paste
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Base Paste
CICAD/ OAS
CICAD Coca paste / coca base
CICAD
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Coca paste / coca base (Basuco)

ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Coca paste / coca base (Basuco)

Government Cocaine salts
Government coca base (Basuco)
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Coca paste/cocaine base
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
Encuesta sobre uso y consumo de drogas ilícitas en estudiantes de 9no. EGB, 1ero. Y 3ero. De
bachillerato, 2016. Cocaine salts
bachillerato, 2016. Crack
bachillerato, 2016. Coca paste/cocaine base
ARQ Crack; Limited Geography
ARQ Limited geography
CICAD/ OAS
CICAD/ OAS
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
CICAD/ OAS Crack
CICAD/ OAS
OAS (MEM) Crack; Ages not specified

Cocaine salts. Schools in city with
Survey in school more than 30000
Crack. Schools in city with more
Survey in school than 30000
DEVIDA Cocaine includes coca Pasta
DEVIDA Cocaine includes coca Pasta
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Other coca type PBC
DEVIDA Cocaine salts
DEVIDA Pasta Basica
DEVIDA Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Pasta Basica
OAS Cocaine salts
OAS / DEVIDA Cocaine salts
OAS / DEVIDA Pasta Basica
OAS / DEVIDA crack
OAS (MEM)
OAS (MEM)
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Other coca type
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Other cocaine
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Bazuco
ESPAD
Crack; select regions (capital);
Georgian Medical News No3 (180)
Research 2010
Select regions (capital); Georgian

Research Medical News No3 (180) 2010
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ / ESPAD Crack
ARQ
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ
Refer to Secondary school students
Govt. in Student Survey
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ Central Registry
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ 13 out of 34 Provinces in Indonesia

ARQ Ages not specified
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Rapid Assessment
ARQ
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ Crack; Limited geography
Govt.
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ARQ/ ESPAD Crack
ARQ/ ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Cocaine salts
ESPAD Crack
ARQ
ARQ / ESPAD Cocaine salts
ARQ / ESPAD Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ESPAD Cocaine salts
ESPAD Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ / ESPAD Crack
ARQ
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Crack
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ESPAD Cocaine, any (HCl and/ or Crack)
ESPAD Crack
ARQ
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ARQ
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ / ESPAD Crack
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ / ESPAD Crack
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ Flemish part
ARQ Cocaine salts, Flemish part
ARQ Cocaine salts, Flemish part
ESPAD Cocaine salts, Flemish part
ESPAD Crack, Flemish part
ARQ / ESPAD Flemish part /Cocaine salts
ARQ / ESPAD Flemish part /Cocaine salts
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ / ESPAD Other coca/cocaine type
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ESPAD Cocaine salts
ARQ
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
General Population Survey
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD Crack
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ (ESPAD)
ARQ (ESPAD)
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
Cocaine salts. Urban areas

ARQ (excluding overseas departments)
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
Crack. Urban areas (excluding
ARQ overseas departments)
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Crack. Select regions
ARQ Cocaine salts. Select regions
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts. Select regions
ARQ Crack. Select regions
ARQ / DAS Data Cocaine salts.
ARQ / DAS Data Crack
Cocaine salts. Region Frankfurt am
ARQ Main
ARQ Crack. Region Frankfurt am Main

Cocaine salts. Region Frankfurt am
ARQ Main

ARQ Region Frankfurt am Main

ARQ / DAS Data
ARQ / MoSyD Data Crack. Region Frankfurt am Main
ARQ / MoSyD Data Region Frankfurt am Main
ARQ / MoSyD Data Crack. Region Frankfurt am Main

ARQ
ARQ Crack
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ
ESPAD Cocaine salts
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ESPAD Cocaine salts
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ESPAD Cocaine salts
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Male
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Female
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Riga City
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD Cocaine salts
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ESPAD Cocaine, any (HCl and/ or Crack)
ESPAD Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ
National Drug Report 2017
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ESPAD Cocaine salts
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ARQ / ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ / ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD Cocaine Powder
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ESPAD Cocaine salts
ESPAD Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ESPAD
ESPAD Crack
ARQ Powder and/or crack
ARQ Cocaine HCL
ARQ Cocaine HCL
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ Male
ARQ Female
ARQ Male
ARQ Female
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Crack
ESPAD
ARQ Cocaine salts. Male
ARQ Cocaine salts. Female
Addiction Monitoring in Switzerland, July 2017 Cocaine
Addiction Monitoring in Switzerland, July 2017 crack
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Cocaine any (HCL and/or crack)
ARQ
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Crack
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
Government
Government Crack
ARQ
ARQ Cocaine salts
ARQ Crack
Government Cocaine
Government Crack
Government Cocaine
Government Crack
Government/Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) Cocaine
Government/Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) Crack cocaine
Government 1996 Any Cocaine
Government 2001/2002 Any Cocaine
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
Government 1996 Crack cocaine
Government 2001/2002 Crack cocaine
Government 1996 Powder Cocaine
Government 2001/2002 Powder Cocaine
ied otherwise)
Source Notes
Government 2018/2019 Crack
Government 2018/2019 Cocaine
ARQ
ARQ
2016 annual prevalence, 2013

ARQ lifetime and past 30 day prevalence
ARQ
ARQ
Govt. Household survey

ied otherwise)
Source Notes
Youth Risk Behavior Survey

AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Region Subregion Country/ Territory (age/grade) Life-time Past Year Past Month Estimate
AFRICA Southern Africa Namibia 15 - 16 8.0 7.0 4.0 2015
Secondary/ High
South Africa School 6.9 2008
South Africa 13 - 22 6.6 2008
South Africa (SS) grades 8- 10 2.0 2011

Côte d'Ivoire 15 - 18 1.40 0.80 0.40 2017
Côte d'Ivoire 15 - 18 1.50 0.60 0.30 2017
Ghana 13 - 15 7.6 2007
Ghana 13 - 15 5.0 2007
Nigeria 15 - 19 0.1 2017
Nigeria 15 - 19 0.2 2017
Secondary/ High
AMERICAS Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda School 2.6 1.5 1.1 2005
Bahamas 15-16 1.4 0.9 2008
Bahamas SS 3.3 1.8 1.1 2011
Bahamas 10 - 17 2.7 1.8 1.2 2011
Barbados (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 3.5 2.4 1.6 2006
Barbados SS 3.7 2.0 1.6 2013
Dominica (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 4.3 2.2 1.6 2006
Dominica SS 15.6 6.4 2.9 2011
Dominican Republic SS 9.1 4.2 2.8 2008
Grenada 3.4 2.2 1.5 2005
Grenada 15 - 16 0.3 0.2 0.2 2005
Grenada SS 4.4 2.9 1.8 2013
Secondary/ High
Haiti School 24.4 11.7 7.5 2005
Haiti SS 7.7 3.4 1.6 2014
Jamaica Ages 11 - 19 6.3 3.5 2.4 2006
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Jamaica (SS) 15 - 16 2.5 2010
Jamaica (SS) 15 - 16 1.4 2010
Jamaica SS 3.5 1.8 1.2 2013
Puerto Rico (SS) Grades 9 - 12 1.9 2005
Saint Lucia (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 6.0 3.7 2.2 2005
Saint Lucia SS 5.0 3.4 2.5 2013
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 2.9 1.7 1.2 2006
Trinidad and Tobago (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 3.4 2.1 1.6 2006
Central America Belize (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 4.6 2.7 1.9 2002
Belize (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 0.4 0.1 0.1 2002
Belize SS 3.3 1.6 1.0 2013
Costa Rica 14 - 17 7.1 3.8 2.1 2009
Costa Rica 15 - 16 3.6 1.3 0.9 2012
Costa Rica 15-16 3.7 2.0 1.3 2012
Costa Rica 15-16 3.2 1.6 1.1 2012
Costa Rica 15 - 16 1.8 1.8 2015
Costa Rica 15 - 16 0.2 0.1 2015
Costa Rica 11 - 22 0.94 0.52 0.35 2018
Costa Rica 11 - 22 0.89 0.51 0.34 2018
Costa Rica 11 - 22 5.55 4.21 3.30 2018
El Salvador 13 - 17 1.7 1.1 0.9 2008
El Salvador 17 - 25 2.4 0.7 0.7 2012

AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
El Salvador 13 - 17 2.7 0.9 0.6 2016
El Salvador 13 - 17 2.7 0.9 0.6 2016
7th grade, 9th grade

and 2nd year

and 2nd year
El Salvador "bachillerato" 1.20 2018

and 2nd year
El Salvador "bachillerato" 1.30 2018

and 2nd year
Guatemala 12 - 19 7.3 3.8 2002
Guatemala 11 - 22 3.74 1.35 0.97 2014
Honduras SS 7.4 3.1 2.0 2005
Honduras 13-25 4.3 2.3 2008
Honduras 15 - 16 8.4 2.0 1.2 2014
Honduras 14-17 6.8 3.4 1.1 2015
Honduras 15 - 16 1.9 1.7 1.0 2016
Honduras 15 - 16 1.0 0.2 0.2 2106
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Panama SS 4.7 1.2 0.5 2008
Panama 18-25 0.53 0.32 0.14 2013
Panama 18-25 0.35 0.11 0.00 2013
Panama 18-25 0.70 0.20 0.10 2013
North America Canada (SS) Grade 10 - 12 7.1 4.5 2008/09
Canada 15 - 19 3.4 2.0 2010
Canada 15 - 19 7.4 4.3 1.6 2010
Canada (SS) Grade 10 10.9 7.7 2010/11
Canada (SS) Grade 10 4.0 2.7 2010/11
Canada (SS) Grade 10 5.2 3.7 2010/11
Canada 15 - 16 (Grade 10) 6.9 4.4 2012/13
Canada 15 - 16 (Grade 10) 3.4 2.1 2012/13
Canada 15 - 16 (Grade 10) 2.8 1.6 2012/13
Canada 15 - 16 (Grade 10) 6.1 4.8 2014/15
Canada 15 - 16 (Grade 10) 2.1 1.3 2014/15
Canada 15 - 16 (Grade 10) 2.9 2.4 2014/15
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 2.20 1.7 2016/17
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 5.49 4.4 2016/17
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 0.57 0.3 2016/17
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 7.46 5.88 2016/17
Mexico 12 - 17 0.3 0.1 0.0 2011
Mexico 15 - 16 0.3 0.1 2011
Mexico 15 - 16 0.0 0.0 2011
Mexico 15 - 16 2.5 1.8 0.9 2014
Mexico 15 - 16 2.0 1.3 0.7 2014
Mexico 12 - 17 0.1 0.1 0 2016
Mexico 15 - 16 0.01 2016
Mexico 15 - 16 0.6 0.2 0.1 2016
Mexico 15 - 16 0.1 0.1 2016
United States of America Grade 10 2.5 1.6 0.7 2010
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
United States of America SS 3.5 2.2 0.8 2014
United States of America (SS) 15 - 16 4.0 2017
United States of America Gardes 8, 10 and 12 12.9 7.5 3.0 1991

AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of

AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of

South America Argentina 15 - 16 4.5 3.0 1.9 2005
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Argentina 15 - 16 3.3 2.0 1.2 2009
Argentina 15 - 16 2.8 1.4 0.9 2011
Argentina 15 - 16 0.9 2014
Argentina 15 - 16 2.8 1.5 1.0 2014
Argentina 12 - 17 0.1 0.05 2017

Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 18 - 25 0.21 0.09 2016
Brazil 15 - 16 4.9 4.3 3.0 2005
Brazil 10 - 19 0.3 2010
Brazil 10 - 19 2.2 1.7 0.9 2010
Brazil 14 - 17 0.3 0.2 2012
Brazil 14 - 17 0.60 0.20 2012
Brazil 14 - 17 1.30 0.90 2012
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 6.8 2.7 1.3 2009
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 5.3 1.9 0.9 2009
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 3.1 1.7 0.6 2011
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 2.4 1.2 0.4 2011
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 6.6 3.7 1.6 2013
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 4.3 2.0 0.9 2013
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 7.6 3.9 1.7 2015
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 4.8 1.9 0.7 2015
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 5.22 2.67 1.05 2017
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 4.27 2.15 0.85 2017
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 5.99 3.74 1.77 2019
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 4.63 2.65 1.23 2019
Colombia 15 - 16 6.4 3.7 2.8 2005
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Colombia 12 - 17 5.6 2004
Colombia 11-18 0.3 0.2 0.1 2011
Colombia 15 - 16 1.42 1.00 0.56 2016
Ecuador 15 - 16 3.0 1.6 1.1 2005
Ecuador University 1.2 0.3 0.1 2009
Ecuador 12 - 17 0.4 0.1 0.1 2012
Ecuador SS 3.8 2.2 1.0 2012
Ecuador 12 - 17 5.3 2.8 1.3 2012
Guyana 12 - 18 1.5 0.8 0.3 2002
Guyana 12 - 18 2.0 0.7 0.4 2002
Guyana SS 2.9 1.2 0.9 2013
Paraguay 15 - 16 4.1 2.6 1.2 2005
Paraguay 12+ 2.3 1.4 0.8 2014
Peru 15 - 16 1.2 0.6 0.4 2005
Peru 15-16 0.1 0.0 0.0 2010
Peru 11-20 0.1 2012
Peru 11-20 2.4 1.5 1.0 2012
Peru 14 - 16 0.14 2012
Peru 14 - 16 2.77 1.71 1.21 2012
Peru 06 - 20 2.80 1.00 0.60 2017
Peru 10 - 18 0.60 2017
Secondary/ High
Suriname SS 5.1 3.0 1.8 2006
Uruguay 13 - 17 3.0 2009
Uruguay 13 - 17 2.1 1.2 0.5 2009
Uruguay 13 - 17 2.9 1.2 0.2 2011
Uruguay 13 - 17 1.5 1.0 2011
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Uruguay 13 - 17 1.6 2011
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.2 0.2 0.1 2014
Uruguay 13 - 17 1.9 1.4 0.3 2014
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.3 0.3 0.1 2014
Uruguay 13 - 17 1.1 0.6 2014
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.5 2016
Uruguay 13 - 17 3.2 1.9 0.4 2016
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.7 2016
Uruguay 13 - 17 1.4 0.8 2016
Uruguay 13 - 17 3.20 1.90 0.40 2016
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.50 2016
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.70 2016
Uruguay 13 - 17 1.40 0.80 2016
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.50 2018
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.50 2018
Uruguay 13 - 17 1.10 0.60 2018
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 15 - 17 1.3 2011
ASIA Central Asia and Transcaucasia Armenia 15 - 16 0.0 2007
Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 2010

Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 1.1 2015
Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 1.1 0.7 2015
Kazakhstan Youth (undefined) 0.8 2007
Kazakhstan 16 - 21 1.0 2012
Kazakhstan 16 - 21 0.6 2012
Kazakhstan Youth (undefined) 0.5 2007
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Kazakhstan 16, 19 and 21 1.0 2012
Kazakhstan 16, 19 and 21 0.6 2012
East and South-East Asia China 15 - 16 81.1 2016




AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
China, Macao SAR 15 - 16 20.00 2018
China, Macao SAR 15 - 24 30.00 2019
China, Taiwan Province of China (SS) Grades 10 & 12 0.1 2006

Indonesia 10 - 19 0.3 0.1 0.1 2010
Indonesia 15 - 19 0.2 0.2 0.1 2011
Indonesia 15 - 19 0.3 0.3 0.2 2011
Indonesia 10.-25 0.4 0.2 2015
Indonesia 10.-25 0.0 0.0 2015
Indonesia 10.-25 0.3 0.2 2015
Indonesia (SS) 15 - 16 0.60 2018
Indonesia (SS) 15 - 16 3.00 2018
Japan 13 - 15 0.3 2010
Japan (SS) 15 - 16 0.2 2011
Japan (SS) 15 - 16 0.2 2012
Japan (SS) 15 - 16 0.2 2013
Japan (SS) 15 - 16 0.2 2014
Japan (SS) 15 - 16 0.30 2016
Japan (SS) 15 - 16 0.30 2018
Myanmar 13 - 21 0.4 0.2 2004
Thailand Youth (undefined) 2.4 2003
Israel (SS) Grade 10 6.8 2009
Israel 12 - 18 4.4 3.3 2.7 2009
Israel 12 - 18 8.3 2009
Israel (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 2010
Israel (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 2010
Israel (SS) 15 - 16 3.2 2014
Jordan 18 - 25 2.6 2001
Lebanon 15 - 16 0.5 2001
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Pakistan 15 - 64 0.08 2013
Pakistan 15 - 64 0.07 2013
Pakistan 15 - 64 0.02 2013
South Asia India 10 - 17 0.18 2018
EUROPE Eastern Europe Republic of Moldova (SS) 15 - 16 1.5 2008
Republic of Moldova (SS) 15 - 24 0.1 0.1 0.1 2010
Republic of Moldova (SS) 15 - 24 0.1 0.1 2012
Russian Federation 15-16 3.0 2011
Ukraine (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2007
Ukraine 15 - 17 2.0 2011
Ukraine 16 -17 0.0 2015
Ukraine (SS) 15 - 16 2.20 1.40 2019
Ukraine (SS) 15 - 16 1.60 1.10 2019
Ukraine (SS) 15 - 16 1.80 1.20 2019
Albania (SS) 15 - 16 1.4 2015
Albania (SS) 15 - 16 1.6 2015
Bosnia and Herzegovina (SS) 15 - 16 4.0 2008
Bosnia and Herzegovina (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 2011
Bulgaria 14 - 19 8.5 5.4 3.1 2008
Bulgaria 14 - 19 10.4 6.7 3.8 2008
Bulgaria 14 - 19 2.6 1.5 1.3 2008
Bulgaria (SS) 15 - 16 8.4 2011
Bulgaria (SS) 15 - 16 3.3 2011
Bulgaria 15 - 16 7.9 5.6 3.2 2013
Bulgaria 15 - 16 6.4 4.3 2.3 2013
Bulgaria 15 - 16 4.2 3.2 1.9 2013
Bulgaria (SS) 15 - 16 6.5 5.1 2015
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Bulgaria (SS) 15 - 16 5.0 4.2 2015
Croatia 16 1.7 2007
Croatia (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2015
Croatia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Montenegro (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2008
Montenegro (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2015
Montenegro (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Montenegro (SS) 16 2.0 2.0 2019
Montenegro (SS) 16 1.0 1.0 2019
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 0.6 2007
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 1.7 2011
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 1.1 2015
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 0.5 0.4 2019
Serbia 16 1.5 2008
Serbia (SS) 15 - 16 1.7 2011
Turkey (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 0.8 2003
Western and Central Europe Austria (SS) 15 - 16 7.7 2007
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 2.7 1.8 2015
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 1.1 1.1 2019
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 2.4 2.1 2019
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1.4 2009
Belgium 15 - 16 2.8 1.3 2010
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 2.1 0.6 2011
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1.8 0.8 2012
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1.8 1.0 2012/13
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1.2 0.6 2013/2014
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1.3 0.5 2014/2015
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2014
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2014
Belgium 12 - 18 1.4 0.6 2017
Belgium 12 - 18 1.9 1.0 2017
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2007
Cyprus (SS) 16 3.0 2007
Cyprus 15- 16 4.0 2011
Cyprus 15 - 24 0.4 0.3 0.2 2012
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2015
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 34 0.6 0.1 0.1 2016
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 34 0.40 0.20 0.10 2019
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 3.5 2.1 2007
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 1.2 0.5 2011
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 0.4 0.2 2015
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 1.2 0.8 0.4 2016
Czechia (SS) 17 - 18 1.70 1.00 0.60 2018
Czechia (SS) 17 - 18 1.70 1.20 0.50 2018
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 5.0 2007
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 2.5 2011
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 2.5 2013
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 0.0 2015
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 0.90 2015
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 3.8 2007
Estonia (SS) 15 - 19 2.8 2011
Estonia (SS) 6, 8, 12 grades 0.9 2013

Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2.0 2019
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 1.0 2019
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2007
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2011
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2013
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2011
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.5 0.90 2019
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 0.6 0.50 2019
France (SS) 15 - 16 4.0 2007
France 17 2.4 1.9 2011
France 17 2.3 1.3 2014
France (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
France (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
France 17 2.3 1.2 2017
Germany (SS) 15 - 16 5.8 2007
Germany 12 - 25 2.7 1.0 0.4 2008
Germany (SS) 15 - 16 6.0 2011
Germany 12 - 17 0.4 2011
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 1.0 2012
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 1.0 2013
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 5.0 1.0 2014
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 0.0 0.0 2014
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 4.0 1.0 2014
Germany 12 - 17 0.3 0.3 2015
Germany 12 - 17 0.0 0.0 2015
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 2.0 2.0 2015
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 1.0 0.5 2018
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 4.0 2.0 1.0 2018
Gibraltar 12 - 18 0.2 2008
Gibraltar (SS) 15 - 16 0.11 0.22 2019
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Gibraltar (SS) 15 - 16 0.22 0.07 2019
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2007
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2011
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.6 1.2 2015
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 0.7 2015
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.14 0.83 2019
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.05 0.81 2019
Greenland (SS) 15 - 16 0.0 0.0 2003
Hungary (SS) 15 - 16 3.5 2007
Hungary (SS) 15 - 16 4.2 2.5 2015
Hungary (SS) 15 - 16 2.9 1.6 2015
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 4.0 2007
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2011
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2017
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2007
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2011
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2015
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 1.3 2015
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 1.3 2017
Italy (SS) 15 - 16 0.8 0.5 0.3 2010
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.1 0.7 0.4 2012
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.6 0.4 0.2 2012
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.1 0.7 0.4 2013
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.6 0.4 0.2 2013
Italy (SS) 15 - 17 3.3 2.5 1.7 2014
Italy (SS) 15 - 17 1.9 1.3 0.8 2014
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 3.8 2.6 1.6 2015
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.8 1.3 0.9 2015
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 3.6 2.4 1.6 2016
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 2.0 1.5 1.0 2016
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.3 0.9 0.7 2016
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 3.1 1.8 1.0 2017
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.8 1.1 0.7 2017
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.1 0.8 0.5 2017
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.7 2017
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 2.60 1.42 0.72 2018
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.15 0.71 0.38 2018
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.66 0.38 0.28 2018
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.45 2018
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 2.49 1.42 0.78 2019
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 1.07 0.69 0.47 2019
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.82 0.48 0.34 2019
Latvia 15 - 16 5.6 3.7 2007
Latvia School survey 3.8 2.7 1.7 2010
Latvia 15 - 16 3.8 2.7 1.6 2011
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 2.90 1.50 2015
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 2.40 1.00 2015
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 1.8 1.06 2019
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 0.55 2019
Liechtenstein 12 - 16 1.1 0.4 2005
Liechtenstein 12 - 19 1.1 0.8 2005
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2007
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 2.8 2011
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 1.3 2019
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2019
Luxembourg 11 - 17 3.7 2.2 1999
Luxembourg 12-18 2.9 1.9 1999
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Luxembourg 12 - 18 1.4 1.1 2010
Luxembourg 15-18 0.0 0.0 0.0 2015
Luxembourg 15 -16 0.30 2018
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 5.2 2007
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2011
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 3.5 2011
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 1.7 1.1 2015
Monaco (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Monaco (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2007
Netherlands 12 - 18 1.9 0.8 2007
Netherlands 12 - 18 1.8 0.6 2010
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 1.8 0.6 2011
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 1.8 0.6 2014
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Netherlands (SS) 12 - 16 1.10 0.90 0.60 2015
Netherlands (SS) 12 - 16 1.10 0.90 0.50 2017
Netherlands (SS) 12 - 16 1.00 0.80 0.40 2017
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2007
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2011
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Poland 18 - 19 7.0 3.0 2.0 2010
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 4.6 2012
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 6.9 3.4 1.7 2013
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 4.0 2015
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2015
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 7.20 3.30 1.40 2016
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 5.90 3.20 1.30 2018
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 4.20 2.70 2019
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 3.00 1.90 2019
Portugal (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2011
Portugal (SS) 15 -16 1.0 2015
Portugal (SS) 15 -16 1.0 2015
Slovakia (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 0.7 2008/09
Slovakia (SS) 15 - 16 1.4 0.8 0.5 2010
Slovakia (SS) 15 - 16 3.4 1.9 2015
Slovakia (SS) 15 - 16 1.3 0.7 2015
Slovakia (SS) 15 - 16 2.1 1.2 2015
Slovakia (SS) 11 - 19 3.95 2018
Slovakia 15 - 16 1.00 0.80 2019
Slovenia 15 - 16 2.2 2007
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2011
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 2015
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 2.3 2015
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 1.3 2019
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2019
Spain 14 -18 0.8 0.6 0.4 2010
Spain 14 - 18 2.6 1.6 0.9 2010
Spain 14 -18 0.9 0.7 0.4 2012
Spain 14 - 18 2.4 1.7 1.0 2012
Spain 14 - 18 1.4 0.9 0.5 2014
Spain 14 - 18 0.8 0.5 0.3 2014
Spain 14 - 18 1.7 1.2 0.5 2016
Spain 14 - 18 1.4 1.0 0.4 2016
Spain 14 - 18 3.30 2.50 1.00 2019
Spain 14 - 18 1.50 1.10 0.50 2019
Spain 14 - 18 1.60 1.20 0.50 2019
Spain 14 - 18 0.90 2019
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 1.0 2009
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.7 2014
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.8 2014
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.7 2015
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.6 2015
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.50 2016
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.70 2017
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.72 2018
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.84 2019
Switzerland 15 - 16 3.0 2007
Switzerland (SS) 15 - 16 1.3 2014
Switzerland (SS) 15 - 16 1.1 2014
United Kingdom (England) (SS) 15 1.5 1.1 0.6 2014

AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
AMPHETAMINES USE
Coverage Year of
OCEANIA Australia and New Zealand Australia 12 - 17 1.0 0.6 2007
Australia 14 - 19 2.4 1.6 0.6 2010
Australia 14-19 2.3 2.0 0.8 2013
Australia 14 - 19 2.30 0.80 0.80 2016

Australia 14 - 19 1.40 0.80 2016
Australia 12 - 17 2.00 1.00 2017
Australia 12 - 17 2.00 1.00 1.00 2017
Australia 12 - 17 1.40 0.80 2017
New Zealand 16-24 1.3 2015
New Zealand 16-24 1.8 2014
New Zealand Youth 16-17 2.2 1.4 2008
New Zealand 13 - 17 1.2 2007
New Zealand 15 - 24 0.70 2017
New Zealand 15 - 24 1.00 2011
New Zealand 15 - 24 1.90 2012
New Zealand 15 - 24 1.50 2013
New Zealand 15 - 24 1.30 2014
New Zealand 15 - 24 1.40 2015
New Zealand 15 - 24 0.70 2016
New Zealand 15 - 24 1.10 2017
New Zealand 15 - 24 0.70 2019
Micronesia Guam (SS) Grades 9 - 12 5.9 2007
Northern Mariana Islands (SS) Grades 9 - 12 4.9 2007
Marshall Islands (SS) Grades 9 - 12 13.1 2007
Palau (SS) Grades 9 - 12 7.1 2007
Palau High School Youth 8.5 2011
Polynesia American Samoa (SS) Grades 9 - 12 5.7 2007
Amphetamines-group includes amphetamine, methamphetamine and prescription stimulants.
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
Govt. Prescription stimulants
ARQ Stimulants (inclds Amphetamines)

ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Cape Town only
ARQ Prescription stimulants
ARQ Methamphetamine
2018 National Survey on Substance Use and Health
(NSSUH) Amphetamine
Government Amphetamine
Government Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamines (inclds. non-ATS stimulants)
ARQ Methamphetamine
UNODC Report Methamphetamine
UNODC Report Amphetamines
OAS (MEM) Stimulants (inclds Amphetamines)

CICAD/ OAS Prescription stimulants
Govt.
ARQ


Govt. Stimulants (inclds Amphetamines)
Govt. Methamphetamine

OAS Stimulants (inclds Amphetamines)
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
Govt. Methamphetamine/ Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Govt. Stimulants (inclds Amphetamines)



ARQ Methamphetamine
OAS (MEM) Methamphetamine

ARQ/ Govt. Any amphetamines without prescription
ARQ Other stimulants
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ

Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2012 Use amongst young population without medical prescription
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ

(SIDUC) de la CICAD-OEA.

(SIDUC) de la CICAD-OEA. Amphetamine

(SIDUC) de la CICAD-OEA. Methamphetamine

(SIDUC) de la CICAD-OEA. Prescription stimulants
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Stimulants (inclds Amphetamines); Central District
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ Methamphetamine
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Pharmaceutical stimulants used to "get high"
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine and/or methamphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine and/or methamphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ
National Addiction Household Survey Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
Govt. Any amphetamines without prescription
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine. Monitoring the future
ARQ Methamphetamine. Monitoring the future
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use Amphetamine

ed otherwise)
Source Notes
Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use Methamphetamine

ed otherwise)
Source Notes

CICAD/ OAS
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
65_Consumo 2017 Stimulants
CICAD/ OAS Stimulants
Prescription stimulants
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ
CICAD/ OAS
ARQ Methamphetamine
National Survet Lenad II Methamphetamine (Crystal)
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
CICAD/ OAS
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
Government Amphetamine
Government Methamphetamine
Government Prescription stimulants
CICAD/ OAS
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ
CICAD/ OAS
ARQ Prescription stimulants. Cities with at least 30000
CICAD/ OAS
DEVIDA Amphetamines
DEVIDA Prescription stimulants
ARQ
OAS / DEVIDA Prescription stimulants
OAS / DEVIDA Methamphetamine

ARQ ATS
ARQ
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Non-specified ATS
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ methamphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ESPAD
Amphetamine; select regions (capital); Georgian Medical News No3 (180)
Research 2010
ARQ / ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ / ESPAD Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine; Ages not specified
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Amphetamine . 6 regions and 2 cities
ARQ Prescription stimulants. 6 regions and 2 cities.
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine-type stimulants (included Ecstasy)
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
Govt. Methamphetamine; Refer to Secondary school students in School Survey

Central Registry of Drug Abuse Amphetamine-type stimulants (included Ecstasy)
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine

ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine

ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine

ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Central Registry
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ 20 provinces
ARQ Amphetamine. 20 provinces
ARQ Methamphetamine. 20 provinces
ARQ Amphetamine / 13 out of 34 Provinces in Indonesia
ARQ Methamphetamine / 13 out of 34 Provinces in Indonesia
ARQ
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine; Yangon
ARQ Methamphetamine; Ages not specified
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Cathinone (hagigat)
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Prescription stimulants - Ritalin
ARQ Unversity students
ARQ Rapid Situation Assesment
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ
ESPAD
Govt. Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ESPAD Methamphetamine
ARQ/ ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Methamphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ESPAD
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Stimulants (inclds Amphetamines)
ESPAD Amphetamine
ESPAD
ESPAD May include non-ATS stimulants
ARQ Select regions (Flanders)
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine, flemish part
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Amphetamine, flemish part
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
General Population Survey Amphetamine
General Population Survey Amphetamine
ARQ./ ESPAD Methamphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ (ESPAD) Amphetamine
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ (ESPAD) Methamphetamine
ESPAD
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ (ESPAD) Methamphetamine
ESPAD
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine. Urban areas (excluding overseas departments)
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine. Select regions
Govt. Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ / DAS Data Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine. Region Frankfurt am Main
ARQ Speed. Region Frankfurt am Main
ARQ / DAS Data Amphetamine.
ARQ / DAS Data Methamphetamine
ARQ Speed. Region Frankfurt am Main
ARQ / MoSyD Data Methamphetamine. Region Frankfurt am Main
ARQ / MoSyD Data Speed. Region Frankfurt am Main
ARQ
ARQ
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Amphetamine.
ESPAD
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ESPAD
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ESPAD
ESPAD Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Male
ARQ Female
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine.
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Riga City
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ESPAD
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine

ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ESPAD Mephedrone
ESPAD Amphetamine
ESPAD
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Methamphetamine
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine type stimulants
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ESPAD Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ All amphetamine-type stimulants
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Other stimulants (methylphenidate without a doctor's prescription)
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine. Male
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Amphetamine. Female
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ
ESPAD
Addiction Monitoring in Switzerland, July 2017 Amphetaminsulphat, Dexedrin
Addiction Monitoring in Switzerland, July 2017 Meth
ARQ Amphetamines
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
Government report Amphetamines
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Amphetamine
Govt. Amphetamines
Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) Amphetamines
Government 1996 Amphetamines
Government 2001/2002 Amphetamines
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
Government 2008/2009 Methamphetamine
Government 2008/2009 Any amphetamines
ed otherwise)
Source Notes
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ Non-specified ATS
ARQ Amphetamines
Meth-amphetamines / 2016 annual prevalence, 2013 lifetime and past 30 day
ARQ prevalence
ARQ
ARQ Amphetamine
ARQ Methamphetamines
ARQ Methamphetamine
ARQ
New Zealand Health Survey Amphetamine
New Zealand Health Survey
Govt. Youth Risk Behavior Survey/ methamphetamine
Youth Risk Behavior Survey Methamphetamines
"Ecstasy"-type substances USE
among the youth population (unless specified other
Year of
Region Subregion Country/ Territory Coverage (age/grade) Life-time Past Year Past Month Estimate
AFRICA East Africa Kenya (HHS) age 15 - 17 0.6 0.6 2007
North Africa Algeria 15 - 17 1.81 1.09 0.71 2016
Egypt 15 - 17 2.16 1.65 1.13 2016
Tunisia 15 - 17 0.20 0.16 0.15 2013
Tunisia 15 - 17 1.40 0.90 0.40 2016
Southern Africa Namibia 15 - 16 3.1 2015
South Africa 13 - 17 3.2 1.2 2006
South Africa 13 - 22 6.8 2008
South Africa (SS) grades 8- 10 1 2011
Côte d'Ivoire 15 - 18 1.30 0.50 0.30 2017
Nigeria 15 - 19 0.1 2017
AMERICAS Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda Secondary/ High School 1.2 2005
Antigua and Barbuda SS 3.73 2013
Bahamas 15-16 0.9 0.4 2008
Bahamas SS 1.06 2011
Bahamas 10 - 17 1.1 2011
Barbados (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 1.8 0.6 0.4 2006
Barbados SS 2.4 2013
Dominica (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 0.6 2006
Dominica SS 2.57 2011
Dominican Republic 12 - 18 0.5 2008
El Salvador 13 - 17 1.6 0.3 0.1 2016
7th grade, 9th grade and

El Salvador 2nd year "bachillerato" 0.90 0.3 0.2 2018
Grenada 15 - 16 1 0.5 0.2 2005
Grenada SS 1.88 2013
Year of
Haiti 15 - 16 3 2 2005
Haiti SS 0.88 2014
Jamaica Ages 11 - 19 3 2006
Jamaica SS 1.62 2013
Puerto Rico (SS) Grades 9 - 12 2.2 2005
Saint Lucia SS 1.78 2013
Saint Kitts and Nevis SS 1.45 2013
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 0.54 0.11 0 2006
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines SS 0.39 2013
Trinidad and Tobago (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 0.87 2006
Trinidad and Tobago SS 1.55 2013
Central America Belize (SS) ages 13, 15, & 17 1.2 0.7 0.3 2002
Belize SS 2.42 2013
Costa Rica 14 - 17 2.1 2009
Costa Rica 15-16 0.67 0.52 0.32 2012
Costa Rica 15 - 16 1.67 1.67 2015
Costa Rica University 3.80 1.80 0.40 2018
Costa Rica 11 - 22 0.99 0.58 0.34 2018
Guatemala 12 - 19 0.32 0.15 2004
Guatemala 11 - 22 2.25 0.99 0.62 2014
Honduras 12 - 17 0.24 0.08 0.05 2005
Honduras 15 - 16 2.00 1.2 0.3 2016
Nicaragua 12 - 18 0.5 2004
Panama SS 1.4 1 0.9 2008
Panama 18-25 0.71 0.18 0.04 2013
North America Canada 15 - 19 13.2 9.2 2008/09
Canada 15 - 19 6.6 3.5 2010
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 8.2 5.8 2010/11
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 4.46 2.5 2012/13
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 3.64 2.64 2014/15
Year of
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 3.15 2.3 2016/17
Mexico 12 - 17 0.66 2016
United States of America Grade 10 5 3 1 2012
United States of America Gardes 8, 10 and 12 8 6 2.4 2001
United States of America Gardes 8, 10 and 12 4 2.4 0.9 2005
United States of America Gardes 8, 10 and 12 4.5 3 1.1 2007
United States of America Gardes 8, 10 and 12 4.6 3 1.2 2009
Year of
South America Argentina 13 - 17 2 2007
Argentina 12 - 17 0.1 0.03 0 2010
Argentina 15 - 16 2.3 1.4 0.7 2011
Argentina 15 - 16 2.4 1.6 1.00 2014
Argentina 12 - 17 0.3 0.1 2017
Brazil 10 - 19 1.3 2010
Brazil University 7.5 3.1 1.9 2010
Brazil 14 - 17 0.50 0.10 2012
Brazil 14 - 17 0.60 0.20 2012
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 3.7 1.6 0.82 2009
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 2.09 1.18 0.3 2011
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 3.82 2.21 0.95 2013
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 4.73 2.57 1.11 2015
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 2.44 1.08 0.43 2017
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 3.40 2.05 0.98 2019
Colombia 15 - 16 4.32 3.68 1.04 2005
Colombia 12 - 17 3.3 2.8 2004
Colombia 11-18 1.22 0.79 0.38 2011
Colombia 15 - 16 2.21 1.4 0.67 2016
Ecuador 12 - 17 1.3 0.7 2008
Ecuador University 1.18 0.23 0.1 2009
Ecuador 12 - 17 1.1 0.5 0.2 2012
Ecuador 18 - 24 1.62 0.43 0.07 2016
Year of
Ecuador 12 - 17 1.95 1.23 0.35 2016

Guyana 12 - 18 0.9 0.5 0.3 2002
Guyana SS 1.69 2013
Paraguay 15 - 16 0.5 0.41 0.32 2005
Paraguay 12+ 1 0.7 0.4 2014
Peru 11 - 17 1.2 0.6 2007
Peru 15 - 16 0.285 2006
Peru 15-16 0.1 0.1 2010
Peru 11-20 1.6 1 0.7 2012
Peru 14 - 16 1.68 1.09 0.71 2012
Peru University 1.09 0.28 0.08 2012
Peru 18 - 24 0.51 0.06 0.03 2016
Peru 10 - 17 2.30 0.80 0.30 2017
Suriname Secondary/ High School 1.2 0.2 0.2 2006

Suriname SS 1.45 2006
Uruguay 13 - 17 1.2 2009
Uruguay 13 - 17 0.5 0.3 0.2 2011
Uruguay 13 - 17 1 0.8 0.2 2014
Uruguay 13 - 17 1.90 1.30 0.40 2017
Uruguay 13 - 17 1.20 0.80 0.30 2018
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) University 0.45 0.24 0.08 2014

ASIA Central Asia and Transcaucasia Armenia 15 - 16 1 2007
Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 7.5 4.5 1.4 2010
Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 4.4 2.7 2015
Kazakhstan 0.3 2007
Kazakhstan 16, 19 and 21 2.3 1 0.7 2012
East and South-East Asia China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20 0.07 2007
Year of
China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20 @ 2012
China, Taiwan Province of China (SS) Grades 10 & 12 0.52 2006
Indonesia 15 -19 0.4 0.34 0.2 2011
Indonesia 10.-25 0.15 0.02 2015
Indonesia (SS) 15 - 16 1.80 2018
Thailand Youth (undefined) 0.3 2003
Israel 12 - 18 3.63 3.1 2.8 2009
Israel (SS) 15 - 16 4.5 2010
Lebanon (SS) 15 - 16 3.9 2009
EUROPE Eastern Europe Belarus 15 - 16 1.1 0.7 0.2 2010
Republic of Moldova (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015
Russian Federation 15 - 16 2.6 1.2 0.7 2011
Year of
Ukraine (SS) 15 - 16 3 2007
Ukraine 15 - 34 2 1 0.2 2010
Ukraine 15 - 17 3.1 2011
Albania (SS) 15 - 16 2.4 2015
Bosnia and Herzegovina (SS) 15 - 16 3 2008
Bosnia and Herzegovina (SS) 15 - 16 1.4 0.7 0.4 2011
Bulgaria 14 - 19 7.1 4.6 2.6 2008
Bulgaria (SS) 15 - 16 4.4 3.2 2.2 2011
Bulgaria 15 - 19 4.1 3.1 1.9 2013
Bulgaria (SS) 15 - 16 5.2 4.2 2015
Croatia (SS) 16 1.9 0.3 2007
Croatia (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 2015
Montenegro (SS) 16 3.3 2.4 1.2 2011
Montenegro (SS) 15 - 16 1.00 2008
Montenegro (SS) 16 3.0 2.00 2019
North Macedonia (SS) 15 - 16 3.1 2.1 1.6 2008
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 1.2 0.6 2007
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 2 1.4 0.6 2011
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 2.1 1.4 1.0 2015
Romania (SS) 15 - 16 1.2 1.00 2019
Serbia (SS) 16 1.5 2008
Serbia (SS) 15 - 16 1.5 2011
Serbia (SS) 15 - 16 1.5 1.0 1.0 2011
Turkey 15 - 16 1.8 0.8 2003
Western and Central Europe Austria (SS) 15 - 16 3.4 1.4 2007
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 1.4 2015
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2.5 2019
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 2.82 1.53 2010
Year of
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 2.3 0.6 2011
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1.8 1 2012
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 2.9 1.5 2012/13
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 2 1.1 2013/2014
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1.6 0.9 2014/2014
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2014
Belgium 12 - 18 2.2 1.1 2017
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 3 2007
Cyprus (SS) 16 3 3 2 2007
Cyprus 15- 16 3 3 3 2011
Cyprus 15 - 24 0.8 0.1 0.1 2012
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 3 2015
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 34 1.5 0.3 0.1 2016
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 34 1.90 0.40 0.30 2019
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 4.6 3 2007
Czechia (SS) 16 4.5 3 1.2 2007
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 3.3 1.5 0.4 2011
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 2.7 1.7 0.6 2015
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 3.3 2.3 0.8 2016
Czechia (SS) 17 - 18 7.30 5.20 2.00 2018
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 5.2 2007
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 1.5 2011
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 1.5 2013
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 0.50 2015
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 5.7 3.9 1.6 2007
Estonia (SS) 15 - 19 2.9 2011
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2015
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 5.0 4.00 2019
Faroe Islands (SS) 15 - 16 1 2007
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 2 2007
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1 2011
Year of
Finland 15- 16 2 2013
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.0 2015
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 1.3 1.00 2019
France (SS) 15 - 16 4 2007
France 17 1.9 1.4 2011
France 17 3.8 2.1 2014
France (SS) 15 - 16 2 2015
France 17 3.4 2 2017
Germany (SS) 15 - 16 3.6 2 2007
Germany 12 - 25 3.2 0.9 0.3 2008
Germany (SS) 15 - 16 3 2011
Germany (SS) 15-18 4 1 2013
Germany 12 - 17 0.2 2011
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 5.0 1.0 2014
Germany 12 - 17 0.6 0.5 2015
Germany (SS) 15 - 18 3.0 2.0 1.0 2018
Gibraltar 12 - 18 0.4 2008
Gibraltar (SS) 15 - 16 0.88 0.15 2019
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.2 2010
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.25 1.11 2015
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 1.13 0.94 2019
Greenland (SS) 15 - 16 2 1 2003
Hungary (SS) 15 - 16 1.2 2007
Hungary (SS) 15 - 16 3.6 2.1 2015
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 2 2007
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 2 1 1 2011
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 2 2015
Iceland 15 - 16 0.7 2017
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 4 2007
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 2 2 1 2011
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 3.1 2.1 2015
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 3.1 2.1 2017
Year of
Italy (SS) 15 - 16 1.1 0.6 0.3 2010
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.78 0.5 0.25 2012
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.81 0.53 0.29 2013
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 3.3 2.4 1.4 2015
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 3.0 2.1 1.3 2016
Italy 15 - 19 2.36 1.39 0.76 2017
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 2.24 1.24 0.59 2018
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 2.15 1.26 0.63 2019
Latvia 15 - 16 6.5 4.1 2007
Latvia School survey 4.7 3 1.7 2010
Latvia 15 - 16 4.3 2.3 1.5 2011
Latvia 15 - 16 2.43 2013
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 2.70 1.20 2015
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 5.0 3.61 2019
Liechtenstein 12 - 16 0.7 0.6 2005
Liechtenstein (SS) 15 - 16 3 2011
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 3.4 2007
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 2.1 2011
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 1.5 2015
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 3.0 2019
Luxembourg 11 - 17 3.1 1.7 1999
Luxembourg 12-18 2.1 1.3 1999
Luxembourg 12 - 18 1.0 0.7 2010
Luxembourg 15 - 16 1.4 2010
Luxembourg 13 - 14 0.3 2010
Luxembourg 15 - 18 0 0 0 2015
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 3.9 3.1 1.7 2007
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 3 2 2 2011
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 2.0 1.5 2015
Year of
Monoco (SS) 15 - 16 4 2007
Monaco (SS) 15 - 16 2 2015
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 4 2007
Netherlands (SS) 12 - 18 2.4 0.8 2007
Netherlands (SS) 12 - 18 2.6 0.9 2010
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 2.6 0.9 2011
Netherlands (SS) 15 - 16 2.6 0.9 2014
Netherlands (SS) 12 - 16 1.90 1.50 0.60 2015
Netherlands (SS) 12 - 16 1.00 0.80 0.40 2017
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 1 2007
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 1 1 1 2011
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015
Poland 18 - 19 3.5 1.4 0.8 2010
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 3 2.2 1.5 2012
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 2.6 1.4 1 2013
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 3 2015
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 3.90 1.90 0.90 2016
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 4.20 2.20 0.70 2018
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 3.30 2.30 2019
Portugal (SS) 15 - 16 3 3 1 2011
Portugal (SS) 15 -16 2 1.6 0.8 2015
Slovakia (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 1.4 0.6 2010
Slovakia (SS) 15 - 16 3.9 2.2 2015
Slovakia (SS) 11 - 19 2.40 2018
Slovakia 15 - 16 2.20 1.40 2019
Slovenia (SS) 16 3.1 2.5 2007
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 3.3 2.5 1.3 2007
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 2 2011
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 2.2 2015
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 2.9 2019
Spain 14 - 18 2.5 1.7 1.0 2010
Year of
Spain 14 - 18 3.0 2.2 1.2 2012
Spain 14 - 18 1.2 0.9 0.4 2014
Spain 14 - 18 2.3 1.6 0.6 2016
Spain 14 - 18 2.60 1.90 0.70 2019
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 1 1 2009
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.7 2014
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.5 2014
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 2015
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.4 2015
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.60 2016
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.80 2017
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.80 2018
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 1.07 2019
Switzerland (SS) 15 - 16 2 2007
Switzerland (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 2014
Switzerland (SS) 15 - 16 1.9 2014
Switzerland 15-19 2.5 0.8 0.6 2016
United Kingdom (England) 15 3 2.4 1.2 2012
United Kingdom (Scotland) (SS) 15 2 2 1 2013
United Kingdom (Scotland) (SS) 15 5 3 2015
United Kingdom (Scotland) (SS) 13 & 15 3 2.7 1.6 2016
United Kingdom (Scotland) (SS) 13 & 15 2.1 2 1.3 2016

Year of
OCEANIA Australia and New Zealand Australia 12 - 17 2.2 2 2007
Australia 14 - 19 4.7 2.8 1.2 2010
Australia 14-19 3.9 3 2013
Australia 14 - 19 3.90 1.00 2016
Australia 14-19 3.7 3.2 2016
Australia 12 - 17 5.00 4.00 2.00 2017
New Zealand Youth 16-17 3.6 2.35 2008
Micronesia Guam (SS) Grades 9 - 12 5.8 2007
Northern Mariana Islands (SS) Grades 9 - 12 4.7 2007
Marshall Islands (SS) Grades 9 - 12 13.1 2007
Palau (SS) Grades 9 - 12 6.9 2007
Palau High School Youth 7.3 2011
Polynesia American Samoa 5 2007

Year of

nces USE
ss specified otherwise)
e)
Source Notes
Govt.
ARQ
MedSPAD
MedSPAD
MedSPAD Survey 2016/2017
Govt.
ARQ Select regions (Cape Town)
ARQ
ARQ Cape Town only
ARQ
2018 National Survey on Substance Use and Health (NSSUH)
Government
UNODC Report
OAS (MEM)
CICAD/ OAS
Govt.
CICAD/ OAS
ARQ
OAS (MEM)
CICAD/ OAS
OAS (MEM)
CICAD/ OAS
ARQ
ARQ
Población objetivo: Estudiantes cursando los grados de septimo noveno y
segundo año de bachillerato. La encuesta se paso en 98 centros educativos
seleccionados de forma aleatoria a nivel nacional, utilizando la metodología
del Sistema Interamericano de Datos Uniformes sobre Consumo (SIDUC) de
la CICAD-OEA.
Govt.
CICAD/ OAS
nces USE
e)
Source Notes
ARQ
CICAD/ OAS
OAS
CICAD/ OAS
CICAD/ OAS
Govt.
CICAD/ OAS
OAS (MEM)
CICAD/ OAS
OAS (MEM)
CICAD/ OAS
ARQ
OAS (MEM)
CICAD/ OAS
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Government provided CICAD university population data for 2018
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
OAS (MEM)
ARQ
ARQ
CICAD/ OAS
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
nces USE
e)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ
Govt.
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ Monitoring the future
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use
nces USE
e)
Source Notes
ARQ
Argentina Estudio Nacional en poblacion de 12-65_Consumo 2010 Ecstasy
ARQ
ARQ
Estudio Nacional en población de 12-65_Consumo 2017 Ecstasy
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
CICAD/ OAS
National Survet Lenad II
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
CICAD/ OAS
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Government
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
OAS
nces USE
e)
Source Notes
Encuesta sobre uso y consumo de drogas ilícitas en estudiantes de 9no. EGB,
1ero. Y 3ero. De bachillerato, 2016.
ARQ
CICAD/ OAS
CICAD/ OAS
ARQ Cities with more than 30000
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
DEVIDA
ARQ
CICAD/ OAS
Government
OAS / DEVIDA
OAS (MEM)
CICAD/ OAS
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Encuesta sobre uso y consumo de drogas ilícitas en estudiantes de 9no. EGB,
1ero. Y 3ero. De bachillerato, 2016.
ESPAD
Research Select regions (capital); Georgian Medical News No3 (180) 2010
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
nces USE
e)
Source Notes
ARQ
Govt. Refer to Secondary school students in School Survey
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ @ less than 0.005
Govt.
ARQ
ARQ 20 provinces
ARQ 13 out of 34 Provinces in Indonesia
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
MedSPAD
ARQ
Govt.
ESPAD
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ/ ESPAD
ARQ
nces USE
e)
Source Notes
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ESPAD
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ
nces USE
e)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ./ ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ (ESPAD)
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
nces USE
e)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ (ESPAD)
ARQ (ESPAD)
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
Govt.
ARQ
ARQ / DAS Data
ARQ / DAS Data
ARQ / MoSyD Data Region Frankfurt am Main
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
nces USE
e)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ / ESPAD
nces USE
e)
Source Notes
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ / ESPAD
ARQ / ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ESPAD
ARQ
nces USE
e)
Source Notes
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD
ARQ
ARQ
Addiction Monitoring in Switzerland, July 2017
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Government
Government
Government/Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey
(SALSUS)
Government/Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey
(SALSUS)
Government 1996
Government 1998
Government 2000
nces USE
e)
Source Notes
Government 2001/2002
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ 2016 annual prevalence, 2013 lifetime
ARQ
ARQ
Govt.
Govt.
Govt.
Govt.
Govt.
Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Govt.
TRANQUILLIZERS and SEDATIVES USE
Year of
Subregion Country/ Territory Coverage (age/grade) Life-time Past Year Past Month Estimate Source
North Africa Kenya (SS) 15 - 16 0.60 0.10 2016 ARQ
Kenya (SS) 15 - 16 16.10 3.60 2016 ARQ
Algeria 15 - 16 0.17 0.03 0.03 2010 ARQ
Egypt 15 - 17 5.08 1.67 1.67 2016 MedSPAD
Morocco (SS) 15 - 17 4.00 2.20 1.30 2009 MedSPAD
Morocco 15 - 17 4.00 2.00 2.00 2017 MedSpad
Tunisia 15 - 17 2.10 1.10 0.70 2013 MedSPAD
Tunisia 15 - 17 3.00 1.40 1.10 2016 MedSPAD Survey 2016/2017
Southern Africa Namibia 15 - 16 0.4 0.4 0.1 2015 Govt.
South Africa 13 - 22 7.4 2008
South Africa (SS) grades 8- 10 2.1 2011 ARQ
South Africa (SS) grades 8- 11 5.40 2011/12 ARQ
2018 National Survey on Substance Use and
West and Central Africa Cabo Verde grade 11 1.20 2018 Health (NSSUH)
Central African Republic 15 - 16 5.00 1.00 2017 ARQ
Central African Republic 15 - 16 35.00 29.00 2017 ARQ
Côte d'Ivoire 15 - 18 9.60 8.30 7.30 2017 Government
Nigeria 15 - 19 0.2 2017 UNODC Report
Senegal 15 - 16 2.68 2019 ARQ
Senegal 15 - 16 1.89 2019 ARQ
Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda SS 3.98 1.96 1.42 2013 CICAD/OAS
Bahamas SS 3.99 1.98 1.1 2011 CICAD/OAS
Bahamas Oct-17 3.8 2.3 1.3 2011 CICAD/OAS
Barbados SS 3.02 1.92 0.88 2013 CICAD/OAS
Dominica SS 11.44 2.84 1.98 2011 CICAD/OAS
Dominican Republic SS 12.81 6.19 3.22 2008 CICAD/OAS
Grenada SS 4 3.01 1.85 2013 CICAD/OAS
Haiti SS 11.21 6.46 4.36 2014 CICAD/OAS
Jamaica 15 - 16 3.2 2010
Jamaica SS 3.24 1.74 0.96 2013 CICAD/OAS
Saint Kitts and Nevis SS 3.85 2.57 1.3 2013 CICAD/OAS
Saint Lucia SS 4.78 3.09 2.02 2013 CICAD/OAS
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines SS 1.95 1.09 0.83 2013 CICAD/OAS
Trinidad and Tobago SS 2.87 1.52 0.91 2013 CICAD/OAS
Central America Belize SS 4.68 2.72 1.49 2013 CICAD/OAS
Costa Rica 14 - 17 8 4.6 2.6 2009
Costa Rica 15 - 16 4.8 2.4 1.3 2012
Costa Rica 15-16 5.64 3.19 1.64 2012 ARQ
Costa Rica 15-16 4.8 2.78 1.52 2015 ARQ
Costa Rica 15 - 16 0.09 0.09 2015 ARQ
Costa Rica 11 - 22 4.85 4.03 3.04 2018 ARQ
Segundo Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de
Sustancias Psicoactivas en Población Escolar
El Salvador 13 - 17 2.8 1.8 1.3 2008 de El Salvador, 2008.
Year of
Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en
Población Estudiantil Universitaria de El
El Salvador 17 - 25 7.5 2.1 0.4 2012 Salvador, 2012
Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en
Población Estudiantil Universitaria de El
El Salvador 17 - 25 7.5 2.1 0.4 2012 Salvador, 2012
Población objetivo: Estudiantes cursando los

grados de septimo noveno y segundo año de
bachillerato. La encuesta se paso en 98 centros
educativos seleccionados de forma aleatoria a
7th grade, 9th grade nivel nacional, utilizando la metodología del
and 2nd year Sistema Interamericano de Datos Uniformes
El Salvador "bachillerato" 4.70 2.2 1.5 2018 sobre Consumo (SIDUC) de la CICAD-OEA.
El Salvador 13 - 17 4.8 1.9 1.0 2016 ARQ
Guatemala 11 - 22 7.0 2.79 1.81 2014 ARQ
Honduras SS 12.39 4.91 2.82 2005 CICAD/OAS
Honduras 15 - 16 14.8 6 3.2 2014 ARQ
Honduras 14 - 17 8.3 4.2 1.9 2015 ARQ
Honduras 15 - 16 7.2 2.7 1.00 2015 ARQ
Panama SS 7.4 1.6 1 2008 CICAD/OAS
Panama 18-25 3.2 1.1 0.3 2013 ARQ
North America Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 4.9 3.5 2010/11 ARQ
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 2.4 1.8 2010/11

Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 2.08 1.3 2012/13 ARQ
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 6.14 3.8 2012/13 ARQ
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 2.76 2.12 2014/15 ARQ
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 6.93 5.5 2016/17 ARQ
Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 2.64 2.1 2016/17 ARQ
Mexico 12 - 17 0.4 0.1 2011 ARQ
Mexico 15 - 16 0.1 2011 ARQ
Mexico 15 - 16 3.7 2.6 1.3 2014 ARQ
Mexico 12 - 17 0.4 0.3 2016 ARQ
United States of America Grade 10 7 5 2 2009
United States of America Grade 10 6.8 4.5 2.2 2011 ARQ
United States of America Grade 10 6.3 4.3 1.7 2012 ARQ
United States of America SS 5.3 3.4 1.5 2014 CICAD/OAS
Year of
United States of America Gardes 8, 10 and 12 7 4.4 1.9 1999 Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use
United States of America Gardes 8, 10 and 12 6.7 4.5 2 2007 Monitoring the future, Adolescent Drug Use
South America Argentina 15 - 16 4.4 2.7 1.4 2009
Argentina 15 - 16 5.2 2.7 0.7 2011 ARQ
Argentina 16 - 24 2.5 2011 ARQ
Argentina 15 - 16 5.2 2.9 1.5 2014 ARQ
Argentina Estudio Nacional en poblacion de
Argentina 12 - 17 0.8 0.6 0.0 2017 12-65_Consumo 2017
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 13 - 18 14.3 6.9 3.6 2008 Govt.
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 12 - 17 1.4 2013 ARQ
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 18 - 25 3.14 1.18 0.54 2016 ARQ
Year of
Brazil 10 - 19 5.3 2.6 1.3 2010
Brazil 14 - 17 2.50 1.40 2012 ARQ
Chile 15 - 16 10.5 5.3 2.9 2009
Chile 12 - 18 0.4 2010 Chile XII study 2017
Chile 15 - 16 16.2 7.62 2.92 2011 ARQ
Chile 15 - 16 16.39 9.96 3.96 2013 ARQ
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 16.9 9.97 3.66 2015 ARQ
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 16.9 9.97 3.66 2015 ARQ
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 15.38 8.76 3.42 2017 ARQ
Chile (SS) 15 - 16 16.09 9.31 3.61 2019 ARQ
Colombia 12 - 17 9.9 6.3 2004
Colombia 11-18 1.09 0.78 0.37 2011 ARQ
Colombia University 4.98 1.81 0.58 2016 Government
Colombia University 3.34 1.43 0.64 2012 ARQ
Colombia 15 - 16 3.4 2.33 1.13 2016 ARQ
Ecuador 12 - 17 5.4 2.9 1.4 2012 ARQ
Guyana SS 3.31 1.43 0.95 2013 CICAD/OAS
Paraguay SS 12.3 7.4 4.7 2005 CICAD/OAS
Paraguay 12+ 6.1 3.6 2 2014 ARQ
Peru 15 - 16 2.171 1.291 0.161 2006
Peru 15-16 0.717 0.251 0.0605 2010 ARQ
Peru 11-20 4 2.3 1.3 2012 DEVIDA
Peru 14 - 16 4.64 2.55 1.45 2012 ARQ
Peru 06 - 19 5.10 3.20 2.50 2017 OAS / DEVIDA
Suriname SS 10.91 6.35 3.78 2006 CICAD/OAS
Uruguay 13 - 17 6.1 3.4 1.3 2009
Uruguay 13 - 17 7.6 3.8 2011 ARQ
Uruguay 13 - 17 5.7 3 2014 ARQ
Uruguay 13 - 17 9.5 5.4 2016 ARQ
Uruguay 13 - 17 8.30 5.10 2018 ARQ
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 15 - 17 4.21 2011 ARQ
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) University 5.3 2.7 0.8 2014 ARQ
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 12 - 17 1.65 1.12 0.66 2016 ARQ
Central Asia and Transcaucasia Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015 ESPAD
Kazakhstan 16 - 24 2.1 2012 ARQ
Kazakhstan 16, 19 and 21 1.5 2012 ARQ
Kazakhstan 16 - 21 0.6 2012 ARQ
East and South-East Asia China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20 0.04 2007 ARQ
China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20 0.03 2009 Central Registry of Drug Abuse
Year of
China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20 0.02 2010 Central Registry of Drug Abuse
China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20 @ 2013 ARQ







Indonesia 10 - 19 0.11 0.04 0.02 2010
Indonesia 15 -19 0.1 0.1 0.1 2011 ARQ
Indonesia 15 -19 40 0.34 0.1 2011
Indonesia 10.-25 0.21 0.11 2015 ARQ
Indonesia 10.-25 0.17 0.15 2015 ARQ
Indonesia 10.-25 0.06 0 2015 ARQ
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia Israel 12 - 18 9 5.99 4.29 2009
Pakistan 15 - 64 1.40 2013 ARQ
South Asia India 10 - 17 0.58 2018 ARQ
Eastern Europe Republic of Moldova 15 - 16 1.6 2010
Republic of Moldova 15 - 16 5 2011 ESPAD
Republic of Moldova (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015 ESPAD
Republic of Moldova 16 - 16 2.4 2011 ARQ
Republic of Moldova 16 -17 0 2015 ARQ
Republic of Moldova (SS) 15 - 16 0 2015 ESPAD
Ukraine (SS) 15 - 16 2.20 2019 ESPAD
South-Eastern Europe Albania (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015 ESPAD
Albania (SS) 15 - 16 7.2 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
Year of
Bosnia and Herzegovina 15 - 16 4.2 2011 ARQ
Bulgaria 14 - 19 15.9 10.5 6.4 2008
Bulgaria 14 - 19 12.7 8.4 5.3 2008
Bulgaria 14 - 19 11.8 7.4 4.2 2008
Bulgaria 15 -16 4.2 2011 ESPAD
Bulgaria 15 - 19 12.2 9 4.7 2013 ARQ
Bulgaria 15 - 19 10.4 7.1 3.3 2013 ARQ
Bulgaria 15 - 19 5.4 4.1 2.3 2013 ARQ
Bulgaria (SS) 15 - 16 3 2015 ESPAD
Bulgaria (SS) 15 - 16 3.6 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
Croatia (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015 ESPAD
Montenegro 15 4.9 2011 ESPAD
Montenegro (SS) 16 10 2015 ARQ
Montenegro (SS) 15 - 16 2 2015 ESPAD
Montenegro (SS) 16 11 2019 ARQ
North Macedonia (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015 ESPAD
North Macedonia (SS) 15 - 16 11.10 2015 ARQ
Romania (SS) 15 -16 3.1 2011
Romania (SS) 15 -16 0.9 2011 ARQ
Romania (SS) 15 -16 2.00 2015 ARQ
Romania (SS) 15 -16 1.1 2015 ARQ
Romania (SS) 15 -16 1.7 2019 ARQ
Romania (SS) 15 -16 0.4 2019 ARQ
Serbia 15 - 16 7.5 2011 ESPAD
Turkey 15-16 4.3 0.8 0.7 2011
Year of
Western and Central Europe Austria 14 - 17 2.6 2007
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015 ESPAD
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 4.3 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
Austria (SS) 15 - 16 6.3 2019 ESPAD
Belgium 15 - 16 0.6 0.4 2012/13
Belgium (SS) 15 - 16 1 2014 ESPAD
Cyprus 16 - 16 7 2007
Cyprus 15 - 16 10 2011 ESPAD
Cyprus 15 - 24 1.2 0.7 2012 ARQ
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 16 2 2015 ESPAD
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 34 2.60 1.20 2016 General Population Survey
Cyprus (SS) 15 - 34 2.60 1.70 2019 General Population Survey
Czechia 16 - 16 9.1 2007
Czechia 15 - 16 10.1 2011 ARQ
Czechia (SS) 15 - 16 0 2015 ESPAD
Denmark (SS) 15 - 16 0 2015 ESPAD
Estonia 15 - 16 7.1 2007
Estonia 15 - 19 8.1 2011 ARQ
Estonia (SS) 6, 8, 12 grades 1 2013 ARQ
Estonia (SS) 6, 8, 12 grades 1 2013 ARQ
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015 ESPAD
Estonia (SS) 15 - 16 15 2019 ARQ (ESPAD)
Faroe Islands (SS) 15 - 16 0 2015 ESPAD
Finland 15 - 16 5 2007
Finland 15 - 16 7 2011 ARQ
Finland 15 - 16 6 2013 ARQ
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 6.0 2015 ARQ
Finland (SS) 15 - 16 7.1 2019 ARQ (ESPAD)
France 17 15.8 2014 ARQ

France (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015 ESPAD
France 17 12.9 9.6 2017 ARQ
Germany (SS) 15-16 2.2 2007 ESPAD
Germany (SS) 15-18 2 2012 ARQ
Germany (SS) 15-18 1 2014 ARQ
Germany (SS) 15-18 0.5 0.5 2017 ARQ / MoSyD Data
Greece 15 - 16 3 2010
Greece 15 - 16 9.3 2012 ARQ
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 0 2015 ESPAD
Greece (SS) 15 - 16 3.51 2019 ESPAD
Hungary (SS) 15-16 1.1 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
Hungary (SS) 15-16 9 2015 ESPAD
Iceland 15 - 16 8 2011 ARQ
Iceland (SS) 15 - 16 0 2015 ESPAD
Ireland 15 - 16 3 2011 ARQ
Year of
Ireland (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015 ESPAD
Italy 15 - 16 4 2.2 1.2 2010
Italy 15 - 19 1.57 1.05 0.67 2012 ARQ
Italy 15 - 19 2.45 1.35 0.78 2013 ARQ
Italy 15 - 19 14 7.2 4.2 2015 ARQ
Italy 15 - 19 0.8 0.7 0.5 2015 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 13.1 6.9 4.1 2016 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.9 0.7 0.6 2016 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 21.6 11.3 6.5 2017 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.6 0.5 0.4 2017 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 14.70 8.67 4.59 2018 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.45 0.33 0.23 2018 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 12.02 6.63 3.84 2019 ARQ
Italy (SS) 15 - 19 0.43 0.32 0.24 2019 ARQ
Latvia 15 - 16 4.2 2011 ESPAD
Latvia 15 - 16 2.1 2011
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 0.9 2015 ARQ
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 5.1 2015 ARQ
Latvia (SS) 15 - 16 20.5 2019 ARQ
Liechtenstein 15 - 16 2 2011 ARQ
Liechtenstein (SS) 15 - 16 2.7 2015 ARQ
Liechtenstein (SS) 15 -16 2.7 2015 ARQ
Liechtenstein (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015 ESPAD
Lithuania 15 - 16 13.1 2011 ARQ
Lithuania (SS) 15 -16 5.1 2015 ARQ
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015 ESPAD
Lithuania (SS) 15 - 16 20.0 2019 ARQ
Malta 15 - 16 3 2011 ESPAD
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 0 2015 ESPAD
Malta (SS) 15 - 16 2.9 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
Monaco (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015 ESPAD
Netherlands 12 - 18 0.6 2007
Netherlands 12 - 18 0.5 0.1 2010
Netherlands (SS) 12 - 16 0.4 0.2 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
Norway 15 - 16 4 2011 ESPAD
Norway (SS) 15 - 16 6 2015 ARQ / ESPAD
Poland 18 - 19 20 10 4 2010
Poland 18 - 19 11 7 1 2010
Poland 15 - 16 15.5 2012 ARQ
Poland 15 - 16 1.2 2012
Poland 15 - 16 19.7 11 5.1 2013 ARQ
Poland 15 - 16 1.3 0.7 0.7 2013 ARQ
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 2 2015 ESPAD
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 21.90 13.70 6.30 2018 ARQ
Poland (SS) 15 - 16 15.10 2019 ARQ
Portugal (SS) 15 - 16 7 2011 ESPAD
Year of
Portugal (SS) 15-16 5.0 2015 ARQ
Portugal (SS) 15 - 16 1 2015 ESPAD
Slovakia 15 - 16 9.5 3.7 2.7 2010
Slovakia (SS)15 - 19 9.7 2015 ARQ
Slovakia (SS) 15 - 16 2 2015 ESPAD
Slovakia (SS) 11 - 19 8.50 2018 ARQ
Slovakia 15 - 16 8.05 2019 ARQ
Slovenia 15 - 16 5.2 2007
Slovenia 15 - 16 0.6 2007
Slovenia 15 - 16 5 2011 ARQ
Slovenia 15 - 16 1 2011 ARQ
Slovenia 15 - 16 0.32 2015 ARQ
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 1.5 2015 ESPAD
Slovenia (SS) 15 - 16 0.6 2019 ESPAD
Spain 14 - 18 10.4 5.6 3.0 2010 ARQ
Spain 14 - 18 1.2 0.7 0.5 2010 ARQ
Spain 14 - 18 8.9 5.8 3.4 2012 ARQ
Spain 14 - 18 1.3 1.0 0.7 2012 ARQ
Spain 14 - 18 1.0 0.7 0.4 2014 ARQ
Spain 14 - 18 7.8 5.3 3.0 2014 ARQ
Spain 14 - 18 0.6 0.4 0.2 2016 ARQ
Spain 14 - 18 8.0 5.4 2.6 2016 ARQ
Spain 14 - 18 8.60 6.10 2.90 2019 ARQ
Sweden (SS)15-16 3.1 2.4 1.2 2014 ARQ
Sweden (SS)15-16 4.8 3.5 1.5 2014 ARQ
Sweden (SS)15-16 0.3 2014 ARQ
Sweden (SS)15-16 0.3 2014 ARQ
Sweden (SS)15-16 2.4 1.8 0.8 2015 ARQ
Sweden (SS)15-16 3.6 2.7 1 2015 ARQ
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.40 2016 ARQ
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.10 2016 ARQ
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.60 2016 ARQ
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.63 2018 ARQ
Sweden (SS) 15 - 16 0.65 2019 ARQ
Switzerland (SS)15-16 2.8 2014 ARQ
Switzerland (SS)15-16 2.9 2014 ARQ
Addiction Monitoring in Switzerland, July
Switzerland 15-19 0 2016 2017
United Kingdom (England) 15 0.5 0.4 0 2014 ARQ
United Kingdom (Scotland) (SS) 15 1 1 1 2013 Govt.
Year of
Government/Scottish Schools Adolescent
Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey
United Kingdom (Scotland) (SS) 13 & 15 1.2 1 0.7 2016 (SALSUS)
Government/Scottish Schools Adolescent
Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey
United Kingdom (Scotland) (SS) 13 & 15 0.9 0.7 0.6 2016 (SALSUS)
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 16 - 24 3.9 0.9 0.4 1996 Government 1996
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 16 - 24 3.3 1.0 0.4 2001 Government 2001/2002
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 16 - 24 1.8 0.4 2012 Government 2012/2013
Australia and New Zealand Australia 14 - 19 1 2010 ARQ
Australia 14 - 19 4.5 3.2 1.6 2010 ARQ
NPS type Region Subregion
Africa North Africa

Africa Western Africa
Americas North America
Americas Central America
Americas South America
Asia East and South-East Asia
Europe Western and Central Europe
nnabinoids
Europe South-Eastern Europe

Synthetic cannabinoids
Europe Central Asia and Transcaucasia
Oceania Australia and New Zealand
Ketamine

East and South-East Asia
Asia Near and Middle East/South-West Asia
Europe Eastern Europe
Asia Central Asia and Transcaucasia
Africa East Africa
Africa East Africa
Plant-based substances

Americas Near and Middle East/South-West Asia
Americas Near and Middle East/South-West Asia
Country/ Territory Substance Year of Estimate
Egypt Synthetic cannabinoids 2016

Côte d' Ivoire Synthetic cannabinoids 2017
Canada Synthetic cannabinoids 2014-15
Mexico Synthetic cannabinoids 2016
United States of America Synthetic cannabinoids 2011
El Salvador Synthetic cannabinoids 2014
El Salvador Synthetic cannabinoids 2016
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Synthetic cannabinoids 2016
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Synthetic cannabinoids 2016
Columbia Synthetic cannabinoids 2016
Ecuador Synthetic cannabinoids 2016
Peru Synthetic cannabinoids 2016
Indonesia Synthetic cannabinoids 2018
Austria Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Bulgaria Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Croatia* Synthetic cannabinoids 2012
Croatia* Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Cyprus Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
France Synthetic cannabinoids 2014
France Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Georgia Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Germany Synthetic cannabinoids 2014
Germany Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Greece Synthetic cannabinoids 2015
Greece Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Hungary Synthetic cannabinoids 2015
Hungary Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Ireland Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Italy Synthetic cannabinoids 2017
Latvia Synthetic cannabinoids 2011
Lithuania Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Malta Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Monaco Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
North Macedonia Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Poland Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Portugal Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Slovakia Synthetic cannabinoids 2015
Slovakia Synthetic cannabinoids 2019
Spain Synthetic cannabinoids 2010
Sweden Synthetic cannabinoids 2012
United Kingdom (England and Wales) Synthetic cannabinoids 2010-11
United Kingdom (Scotland) Synthetic cannabinoids 2015
Australia Synthetic cannabinoids 2013
Australia Synthetic cannabinoids 2017
Canada Ketamine 2010-11
United States of America Ketamine 2000
Costa Rica Ketamine 2012
El Salvador Ketamine 2010
Argentina Ketamine 2006
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Ketamine 2012
Brazil Ketamine 2010
Colombia Ketamine 2012
Colombia Ketamine 2016
Ecuador Ketamine 2012
Ecuador Ketamine 2016
Guatemala Ketamine 2014
Peru Ketamine 2012
Peru Ketamine 2012
Peru Ketamine 2016
Peru Ketamine 2017
Uruguay Ketamine 2014
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Ketamine 2016
China Ketamine 2007
China Ketamine 2008
China Ketamine 2009
China Ketamine 2011
China Ketamine 2012
China Ketamine 2014
China Ketamine 2015
China Ketamine 2016
China Ketamine 2018
China, Hong Kong SAR Ketamine 2007
China, Hong Kong SAR Ketamine 2008/09
China, Macao SAR Ketamine 2019
Indonesia Ketamine 2009
Israel Ketamine 2005
Israel Ketamine 2008
Ukraine Ketamine 2011
Romania Ketamine 2015
Denmark Ketamine 2013
Gibraltar Ketamine 2018
Italy Ketamine 2016
Italy Ketamine 2017
Italy Ketamine 2018
Italy Ketamine 2019
Spain Ketamine 2010
Spain Ketamine 2012
Spain Ketamine 2014
Spain Ketamine 2016
Spain Ketamine 2019
Spain Ketamine 2017
Spain Ketamine 2018
United Kingdom (England) Ketamine 2011
United Kingdom (England and Wales) Ketamine 2006-07
United Kingdom (Scotland) Ketamine 2014-15
United Kingdom (Scotland) Ketamine 2015
Australia Ketamine 2007
Canada BZP/TFMPP 2016-17
Canada BZP/TFMPP 2018-19
United States of America Synthetic cathinones 2012
El Salvador Mephedrone 2016
Japan NPS 2016
Japan NPS 2017
Japan NPS 2018
Georgia NPS 2015
Georgia NPS 2019
Georgia Synthetic cathinones 2019
Israel NPS 2014
Republic of Moldova NPS 2015
Ukraine NPS 2015
Ukraine NPS 2019
Albania NPS 2015
Albania NPS 2015
Bulgaria NPS 2015
Bulgaria NPS 2019
Bulgaria Synthetic cathinones 2019
Croatia Synthetic cathinones 2012
Croatia NPS 2015
Croatia NPS 2019
Kosovo NPS 2019
Montenegro NPS 2015
Montenegro NPS 2019
North Macedonia NPS 2015
North Macedonia NPS 2019
North Macedonia Synthetic cathinones 2019
Romania NPS 2015
Romania NPS 2019
Serbia NPS 2019
Austria NPS 2015
Austria NPS 2019
Austria Synthetic cathinones 2019
Belgium NPS 2014
Czechia NPS 2015
Czechia NPS 2019
Cyprus NPS 2015
Cyprus NPS 2019
Cyprus Synthetic cathinones 2019
Denmark NPS 2015
Denmark NPS 2019
Estonia NPS 2015
Estonia NPS 2019
Estonia NPS 2019
Faroe Islands NPS 2015
Faroe Islands NPS 2019
France NPS 2015
France Synthetic cathinones 2019
Finland NPS 2015
Finland NPS 2016
Finland NPS 2019
Germany NPS 2015
Germany NPS 2019
Germany Synthetic cathinones 2019
Gibraltar NPS 2018
Greece NPS 2015
Greece NPS 2019
Greece NPS 2019
Greece Synthetic cathinones 2019
Hungary Mephedrone 2011
Hungary Synthetic cathinones 2015
Hungary NPS 2015
Hungary NPS 2019
Iceland NPS 2015
Iceland NPS 2019
Ireland and Northern Ireland NPS 2015
Ireland NPS 2019
Ireland Synthetic cathinones 2019
Italy NPS 2015
Italy Mephedrone 2016
Italy Mephedrone 2017
Italy Synthetic cathinones 2018
Italy NPS 2019
Latvia NPS 2015
Latvia NPS 2019
Latvia Synthetic cathinones 2019
Latvia Synthetic cathinones 2019
Liechtenstein NPS 2015
Lithuania NPS 2015
Lithuania NPS 2019
Lithuania Synthetic cathinones 2019
Malta Mephedrone 2011
Malta NPS 2015
Malta Synthetic cathinones 2019
Malta NPS 2019
Monaco NPS 2015
Monaco NPS 2019
Monaco Synthetic cathinones 2019
Netherlands NPS 2015
Norway NPS 2015
Norway NPS 2019
Poland NPS 2015
Poland NPS 2016
Poland NPS 2018
Poland NPS 2019
Poland NPS 2019
Poland Synthetic cathinones 2019
Portugal NPS 2015
Portugal NPS 2019
Portugal Synthetic cathinones 2019
Slovakia Mephedrone 2010
Slovakia NPS 2015
Slovakia NPS 2019
Slovakia Synthetic cathinones 2019
Slovenia NPS 2015
Slovenia NPS 2019
Spain Piperazines 2010
Spain Piperazines 2012
Spain Mephedrone 2010
Spain NPS 2015
Spain NPS 2017
Spain NPS 2019
Spain NPS 2018
Spain Synthetic cathinones 2019
Sweden NPS 2015
Sweden NPS 2019
United Kingdom (England) Mephedrone 2014
United Kingdom (England and Wales) BZP 2010-11
United Kingdom (England and Wales) Mephedrone 2011-12
United Kingdom (England and Wales) Mephedrone 2016
United Kingdom (England and Wales) NPS 2014-15
United Kingdom (England and Wales) NPS 2016
United Kingdom (Scotland) Mephedrone 2015
United Kingdom (Scotland) NPS 2015
Australia NPS 2013
Australia NPS 2016
New Zealand BZP 2008
Kenya Khat 2016
Kenya Khat 2017
Canada Salvia Divinorum 2010-11
United States of America Salvia Divinorum 2009
El Salvador PBS-total 2018
El Salvador Khat 2016
El Salvador Salvia Divinorum 2016
El Salvador San Pedro cactus 2012
Israel Khat 2008
Israel Khat 2014
Italy Salvia Divinorum 2016
Italy Salvia Divinorum 2017
Italy Salvia divinorum 2018
Italy Salvia divinorum 2019
Latvia Salvia Divinorum 2011
Spain Salvia Divinorum 2012
United Kingdom (England and Wales) Salvia Divinorum 2012-13
United Kingdom (England and Wales) Salvia Divinorum 2013-14
United Kingdom (Scotland) Salvia Divinorum 2015
New psychoactive substances (NPS)
Coverage (age/grade) Lifetime Past Year Past Month

All Male Female All Male Female All
14-18 0.70
15-17 1.20 1.40 1.00 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.40
15-16 6.13 6.20 6.06 4.38 4.39 4.36
15-16 5.34 5.79 4.88 4.39 4.70 4.06
15-16 6.13 6.34 5.91 4.81 5.15 4.47
12-17 0.40 0.50 0.30
12th Grade 11.40
12th Grade 11.30
12th Grade 7.90
12th Grade 5.80 2.70
8th Grade 3.10
10th Grade 4.30
12th Grade 5.20
8th Grade 2.70
10th Grade 3.30
12th Grade 3.50
8th Grade 2.00
10th Grade 2.70
12th Grade 3.70
8th Grade 1.60
10th Grade 2.90
12th Grade 3.50
8th Grade 2.70
10th Grade 2.60
12th Grade 3.30
University students (19+) 1.52
11-17 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10
University students (19+) 0.64 0.70 0.60 0.35 0.20 0.50
18-25 0.60 0.60 0.70 0.40 0.20 0.50
University students (19+) 4.20 6.40 2.30 2.69
15 - 16 9.60
15-16 3.70 4.80 2.60
15-16 4.30 4.40 4.20
school population* 1.40 1.40
15-16 2.90 3.00 2.80
15-16 4.20 5.30 3.30
17 1.90 2.30 1.30
15-16 5.20 5.20 5.10
15-16 1.30 2.20 0.50
(SS) 15-18 6.00 1.00
(SS) 15-16 2.60 2.10 3.10
15-16 2.51 3.51 1.54
15-16 3.30 4.60 2.10
15-16 10.10 11.30 8.70
15-16 4.90 4.70 5.20
15-16 1.70 2.40 1.00
15-19 11.87 13.37 10.31 8.09 9.46 6.68 4.86
15-19 8.55 9.89 7.15 5.34 6.10 4.55 2.04
15-19 4.99 5.97 3.90 3.17 3.47 2.87 1.30
15-16 2.80 3.00 2.50
15-24 6.10
15-16 10.60 15.60 6.30
15-16 13.20 14.09 12.26
15-16 9.50 12.10 7.00
15-16 1.90 1.80 1.90
15-16 1.90 1.80 1.90
15-16 4.30 4.00 4.50
15-16 4.00 3.40 4.50
15-16 4.70 6.20 3.20
15-16 1.40 1.70 1.20
15-16 1.80 2.70 1.10
15-16 3.90 4.20 3.70
15-16 2.60 3.20 1.80
15-16 1.10 1.50 0.70
14-18 1.10 1.60 0.70 0.80 1.00 0.50 0.50
14-18 1.40 1.90 1.00 1.00 1.30 0.70 0.60
14-18 0.80 1.10 0.60 0.60 0.90 0.40 0.30
14-18 0.90 1.20 0.60 0.70 0.90 0.40 0.30
14-18 0.80 1.10 0.60 0.50 0.70 0.40 0.20
15-24 0.70 1.00 0.30
15-16 1.80 2.00 1.60
14-18 0.80 1.10 0.60 0.50 0.70 0.40 0.20
15-16 2.40 2.00
15-16 2.60 1.40
15-16 0.64 0.84 0.29
16-24 0.40
13 & 15 1.40 1.10 0.70
14-19 2.80 2.70
12-17 2.00
15-16 (Grade 10) 1.60 2.30 0.80 1.10 1.60
12th Grade 2.50
12th Grade 2.50
12th Grade 2.60
12th Grade 2.10
12th Grade 1.90
12th Grade 1.60
12th Grade 1.40
12th Grade 1.30
12th Grade 1.50
12th Grade 1.70
12th Grade 1.60
12th Grade 1.70
12th Grade 1.50
12th Grade 1.40
12th Grade 1.50
12th Grade 1.40
12th Grade 1.20
12th Grade 1.20
12th Grade 0.70 0.70 0.20
12th Grade 0.70
15-16 0.36 0.53 0.21
15-16 0.53 0.45 0.61 0.26 0.18 0.36 0.10
11-22 0.76 1.15 0.39 0.36 0.47 0.26 0.27
17-25 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00
17-25 0.20 0.00 0.00
11-17 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10
15-16 0.50 0.80 0.20
7th grade 0.40
9th grade 0.90
2nd year of high school 0.90
16-24 0.70
16-24 0.20
16-24 0.20
13, 15 and 17 0.70 1.00 0.40
15-16 0.60
15-16 0.50 0.70 0.30
18-25 0.96 0.12 0.08
12-17 0.00
18-24 1.90
University students 0.25 0.01
12-17 0.30
18-24 0.30
18-25 0.96 0.12 0.08
University students (19+) 0.12
10-19 0.20 0.30 0.10
University students 0.26 0.09 0.02
University students (19+) 0.42 0.09 0.04
School population (11-22) 0.20 0.28 0.13
15-16 0.12 0.17 0.06
10-17 0.60
13-17 0.10 0.10 0.10
University students 1.08 1.38 0.87 0.34 0.55 0.18 0.17
13-17 0.30 0.40 0.20
13-17 0.40 0.40 0.40
15-16 0.15 0.17 0.14 0.10 0.13 0.08 0.06
11-20 0.27 0.16
11-20 0.34 0.21
11-20 0.55 0.56 0.33 0.30
15-16 0.18 0.25 0.11
15-16 0.13 0.18 0.07
11-20 0.05 0.08 0.03
11-20 0.04 0.05 0.02
11-20 0.02 0.03 0.01
11-20 0.01
11-20 0.27
11-20 0.34
(SS) (Secondary) 2.11
11-20 0.34
11-20 0.27
11-20 0.18
11-20 0.13
11-20 0.09
11-20 0.05
11-20 0.04
11-20 0.02
11-20 0.01
11-20 0.01
11-20 0.01
15 - 24 10.00
11-19 0.30 0.20 0.10
18-24 0.20
18-24 0.23
15-17 0.80 1.50 0.20
15-16 1.80 2.00 1.10
16-24 1.60 0.50 0.20
15-16 0.48 0.15
15-19 1.54 2.09 0.97 1.10 1.42 0.77 0.76
15-19 1.11 1.42 0.79 0.79 1.06 0.51 0.42
15-19 1.06 1.43 0.68 0.76 1.10 0.40 0.47
15-19 1.01 1.29 0.71 0.71 0.93 0.48 0.46
14-18 1.10 1.40 0.80 0.80 1.00 0.50 0.40
14-18 1.10 1.50 0.70 0.70 0.90 0.40 0.40
14-18 0.70 0.90 0.50 0.50 0.70 0.30 0.30
14-18 0.60 0.70 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.20
14-18 0.60 0.90 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.20 0.20
15-24 0.50 0.70 0.20
14-18 0.60 0.40 0.20
11-15 0.50 0.50 0.50
11-15 0.50 0.50 0.50
11-15 0.40 0.50 0.30
11-15 0.40 0.60 0.20
11-15 0.50 0.50 0.60
11-15 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.20
16-24 2.30 0.80 0.30
16-24 2.20 0.90 0.30
16-24 3.60 1.90 0.80
16-24 4.03 1.71 0.89
16-24 4.36 2.07 0.90
16-24 4.04 1.77 0.50
16-24 3.31 0.82
16-24 4.72 1.79
16-24 4.01 1.59 2.13 1.04 0.22
16-24 3.75 0.99 1.65 0.30 0.28
16-24 3.37 1.24 1.63 0.84 0.50
16-24 4.70 3.10 1.30
16-24 5.60 2.90 1.40
16-24 2.70 3.84 1.53 0.56 1.11 0.00
13 & 15 1.10 0.90 0.70
12-17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
15-16 0.10 0.00
18-24 2.50
15-16 0.57 0.72 0.31 0.50
15-16 1.02 1.48 0.54 0.94
8th Grade 0.80
10th Grade 0.60
12th Grade 1.30
8th Grade 1.00
10th Grade 0.90
12th Grade 0.90
8th Grade 0.50
10th Grade 0.90
12th Grade 0.90
8th Grade 0.40
10th Grade 0.70
12th Grade 1.00
8th Grade 0.90
10th Grade 0.80
12th Grade 0.80
8th Grade 0.50
10th Grade 0.40
12th Grade 0.60
8th Grade 0.90
10th Grade 0.50
12th Grade 0.60
11-17 0.6 0.70 0.40 0.10 0.20 0.10
7th grade 0.50
9th grade 0.80
15-16 0.20 0.40 0.10 0.10
15-16 0.20 0.40 0.10
15-16 0.30 0.40 0.20
15-16 7.00 10.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 1.00
15-16 2.80 4.60 1.20 1.90 3.00 0.80
15-16 0.80 1.60 0.20
15-16 5.30 9.00 1.60
15-16 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 0.00
15-16 4.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.00
15-16 3.20 2.70 3.60 2.50 2.40 2.50
15-16 4.00 6.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 1.00
15-16 4.20 6.30 2.60
15-16 8.00 10.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 5.00 5.00
15-16 3.20 3.10 3.20 2.90 3.10 2.50
15-16 1.80 2.30 1.30
school population* 0.90 0.20
15-16 7.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 2.00 5.00
15-16 5.10 5.10 5.10 3.70 3.50 4.00
15-16 1.50 2.90 0.30 1.10 1.50 0.60
15-16 3.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 2.00
15-16 1.50 1.80 1.10
15-16 4.00 5.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
15-16 1.00 1.10 1.00 0.50 0.70 0.30
15-16 0.80 0.90 0.70
15-16 5.10 5.80 4.50 3.00 3.00 3.00
15-16 3.20 2.80 3.50 2.20 1.90 2.50
15-16 1.80 1.90 1.70 1.50 2.00 1.00
15-16 3.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00
15-16 4.00 3.80 4.20 3.00 3.00 3.10
15-16 1.30 1.90 0.60
15-16 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
15-16 7.00 6.00 7.00 4.00 3.00 5.00
15-16 6.00 5.80 6.20 4.90 4.80 5.10
15-16 4.00 6.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 1.00
15-16 3.60 4.60 2.80 3.60 5.80 1.80
15-16 2.40 4.20 1.00
15-16 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
15-16 2.00 2.20 1.80 1.50 1.80 1.40
15-16 10.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
15-16 6.60 7.00 6.30 4.70 4.50 4.90
15-16 7.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
15-16 3.00 1.00
15-16 3.90 3.20 4.60 3.50 3.20 3.90
15-16 4.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.00
15-16 0.40 0.70 0.20
15-16 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00
15-16 1.00 2.00 1.00
15-16 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.60 0.50 0.70
12-17 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
15-16 3.80 2.90 4.70 2.80 2.10 3.50
15-16 1.10 1.20 1.00
15-16 0.26 0.11
15-16 2.51 3.51 1.54 2.00 2.00 1.00
15-16 2.80 4.10 1.60 2.20 3.00 1.50
15-16 2.79 4.11 1.57 2.20 3.00 1.44
15-16 0.80 1.30 0.20
16 6.00 5.80 6.30 3.00 3.00 3.00
15-16 10.10 11.30 8.70
15-16 2.50 3.30 1.80
15-16 10.70
15-16 3.70 3.80 3.60 2.60 2.60 2.70
15-16 1.90 2.20 1.70
15-16 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 2.00
15-16 1.80 2.10 1.60 1.10 1.20 1.00
15-16 7.00 8.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 4.00
15-16 4.70 6.60 2.90 3.70 5.00 2.40
15-16 2.50 2.70 2.30
15-16 6.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
15-19 1.17 1.44 0.90
15-19 0.72 0.93 0.50
15-19 0.45 0.49 0.41
15-19 0.45 0.57 0.33
15-16 3.10 2.50 3.80 2.20 2.10 2.50
15-16 0.40 0.60 0.30
15-16 7.00 8.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 3.00
15-16 6.40 5.10 7.80 4.70 3.40 6.00
15-16 1.10 0.70 1.50
15-16 1.10 0.70 1.50
15-16 4.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
15-16 5.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
15-16 5.60 4.80 6.30 3.60 3.00 4.20
15-16 0.90 1.10 0.70
15-16 3.50 5.00 2.00
15-16 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00
15-16 0.60 0.70 0.50
15-16 3.00 2.80 3.20 2.20 2.30 2.00
15-16 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 4.00
15-16 4.70 4.80 4.50 4.00 4.40 3.60
15-16 0.20 0.50 0.00
12-16 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
12-16 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
15-16 1.50 2.20 0.80 1.10 1.70 0.60
15-16 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
15-16 3.10 3.70 2.40 2.40 3.30 1.50
15-16 10.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
15-16 3.60 4.30 2.90 1.10 1.50 0.70 0.70
15-16 2.70 1.70 0.90 1.60 1.10 0.40 0.70
15-16 5.20 5.90 4.50 3.60 4.10 3.10 2.50
15-16 5.90 6.10 5.80 4.50 4.70 4.20
15-16 0.90 1.20 0.60
15-16 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
15-16 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.80 0.90 0.60
15-16 1.20 1.10 1.20
15-19 1.70
15-16 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
15-16 3.60 2.30 4.70 1.90 1.70 2.30
15-16 0.40 0.50 0.30
15-16 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
15-16 4.30 3.40 5.20 3.30 2.70 4.00
14-18 0.40 0.60 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.20
14-18 0.40 0.60 0.30 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.20
14-18 0.40 0.60 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.20
14-18 0.50 0.70 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.10 0.20
14-18 0.50 0.70 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.30
14-18 0.50 0.60 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.20 0.20
15-24 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.00
14-18 0.40 0.30 0.10
14-18 0.40 0.50 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.10
15-16 4.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00
15-24 1.30 1.90 0.70
15-16 1.80 1.60 1.90 1.50 1.50 1.50
14-18 2.40 1.70 0.80
15-16 0.60 0.90 0.40
15-16 4.00 3.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
15-16 2.10 2.40 1.70 1.50 1.60 1.40
15 1.20 1.00 1.50 1.20 1.00 1.50 0.80
15 1.00 1.40 0.60 0.70 1.00 0.50 0.30
15 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.30
16-24 0.20
16-24 3.30
16-24 4.50 1.60
16-24 6.27 1.86
16-24 5.30 1.90 0.50
16-24 0.90
15.00 1.00 1.40 0.60 0.70 1.00 0.50 0.30
16-24 3.30 3.80 2.80 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.00
16-24 3.20 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.00
16-24 6.10 8.10 4.10 2.80 4.10 1.50
16-24 5.90 7.80 4.00 2.60 3.50 1.60
15.00 3.90 4.10 3.70 2.70 2.30 3.00 0.90
16-24 4.20 5.30 3.00 1.20 1.50 0.90
16-24 4.70 6.00 3.30 1.20 1.60 0.80
16-24 4.30 5.40 3.30 1.40 1.60 1.10
16-24 1.70 0.00 0.00
13 & 15 1.20 1.00 0.70
15-16 5.00 2.00
14-19 0.50 0.50
14-19 0.70 0.40 0.30
16-17 19.90 15.50 24.30 13.40 9.50 17.30
15-16 17.00 20.90 11.10 2.60
15-16 16.70 20.20 2.50 5.50
15-16 (Grade 10) 5.80 8.50 2.90 3.80 5.50 2.00
15-16 (Grade 10) 2.13 2.70 1.54 1.44 2.08 0.77
15-16 1.51 2.11 0.87 0.92 1.28
15-16 1.51 1.80 1.21 0.91 1.16
12th Grade 5.70
12th Grade 5.50
12th Grade 5.90
12th Grade 4.40
12th Grade 3.40
12th Grade 1.80
8th Grade 0.70
12th Grade 1.90
8th Grade 0.90
10th Grade 0.90
12th Grade 1.80
8th Grade 0.40
10th Grade 0.90
12th Grade 1.50
8th Grade 0.60 1.00 0.30
10th Grade 0.70 0.80 0.60
12th Grade 0.90 1.00 0.40
8th Grade 0.80
10th Grade 0.90
12th Grade 0.70
12-17 1.40
11-17 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10
7th grade 0.30
9th grade 0.40
11-17 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.10 0.30 0.00
7th grade 0.70
9th grade 1.10
15-16 0.26 0.31 0.22
12-18 6.65
15-16 4.50 7.00 2.00
15-19 2.12 2.60 1.66 1.25 1.65 0.86 1.00
15-19 1.57 2.05 1.07 0.76 1.08 0.43 0.42
15-19 1.42 1.80 1.03 0.61 0.91 0.29 0.36
15-19 1.38 1.82 0.93 0.60 0.91 0.28 0.34
15-16 4.40 6.40 2.10
14-18 0.80 1.20 0.40 0.50 0.90 0.20 0.30
14-18 0.70 1.00 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.20 0.30
14-18 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.20
15-24 0.30 0.30 0.20
14-18 0.40 0.30 0.10
16-24 1.10
16-24 1.80
13 & 15 1.00 0.90 0.60
Past Month
Male Female
0.50 0.30
5.74 3.95
2.52 1.55
1.53 1.07
0.60 0.30
0.90 0.30
0.50 0.20
0.40 0.10
0.30 0.10
0.30 0.10
0.10 0.10
0.36 0.18
0.24 0.12
0.08 0.03
0.00
0.01 0.00
0.16
0.21
0.35 0.23
0.35 0.19
0.25 0.11
0.18 0.07
0.11 0.05
0.08 0.03
0.05 0.02
0.03 0.01
0.01 @
0.01 0.00
0.01 0.01
1.02 0.50
0.62 0.21
0.67 0.25
0.63 0.29
0.50 0.30
0.60 0.20
0.50 0.20
0.30 0.10
0.30 0.10
0.30 0.10
0.90 0.40
0.60 0.20
3.00 2.00
0.30 0.10
0.40 0.10
0.30 0.10
0.40 0.10
0.40 0.10
0.30 0.10
2.00 0.10
0.70 0.90
0.20 0.40
0.30 0,3
0.20 0.40
0.80 1.00
3.50 1.20
11.50 1.10
1.36 0.64
0.61 0.22
0.57 0.14
0.50 0.17
0.50 0.10
0.50 0.20
0.30 0.10
Source
Mediterranean School Survey Project on Alcohol and other drugs in Schools’ (MedSPAD), 2016
Rapport sur l’enquête sur la consommation de substances et la santé chez les élèves des ecoles secondaires en Côte d' Ivoire
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ/ Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco, 2016
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2013 Overview: Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use
Estudio Nacional sobre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en poblaci sobre Consumo de Drogas en Población Estudiantil Universitaria de E
Tercer Estudio Nacional sobre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en población escolar de El Salvador, 2016
ARQ/ III Estudio epidemiológico andino sobre consumo de drogas en la población universitaria de Bolivia, 2016
ARQ
III Estudio epidemiológico andino sobre consumo de drogas en la población universitaria, Informe Regional, 2016
III Estudio epidemiológico andino sobre consumo de drogas en la población universitaria de Ecuador, 2016
III Estudio Epidemiológico Andino spbre consumo de drogas en la Población Universitaria de Perú, 2016.
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
2014 National Report to the EMCDDA
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
2015 National Report to the EMCDDA / "MoSyD Data Region Frankfurt am Main"
ESPAD Report 2019 / data refer only to one federal state.
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ/Gov.
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
ARQ (spice)
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
ESPAD methodological survey
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
Government
Government
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Estadísticas 2019: Alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilegales en España
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/2011 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) 2015
ARQ
ARQ/Gov.
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en Población Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2012
ARQ
Cuarta Encuesta Nacional sobre Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas en la población escolar de El Salvador, 2018.
Psicoactivas en Argentina 2004 - 2010
Quinta Encuesta Nacional a Estudiantes de Enseñanza Media 2011
Quinta Encuesta Nacional a Estudiantes de Enseñanza Media 2011
ARQ
ARQ
Estudio Nacional en población de 12 a 65 años, sobre Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas, 2017
Estudio Nacional en población de 12 a 65 años, sobre Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas, 2017
II Estudio Epidemiológico Andino en la Población Universitaria, 2012
Segundo estudio nacional de prevalencia y caracteristicas del consumo de drogas en hogares bolivianoas de nueve ciudades capitales de depa
Segundo estudio nacional de prevalencia y caracteristicas del consumo de drogas en hogares bolivianoas de nueve ciudades capitales de depa
ARQ
III Estudio epidemiológico andino sobre consumo de drogas en la población universitaria, Informe Regional, 2016
ARQ
ARQ
III Estudio epidemiológico andino sobre consumo de drogas en la población universitaria de Colombia, 2016
II Estudio Epidemiológico Andino en la Población Universitaria
III Estudio epidemiológico andino sobre consumo de drogas en la población universitaria de Ecuador, 2016
ENCUESTA NACIONAL SOBRE USO, ABUSO Y PREVALENCIA DEL CONSUMO DE DROGAS DEL NIVEL MEDIO DE EDUCA
II Estudio Epidemiológico Andino en la Población Universitaria
ARQ
III Estudio Epidemiológico Andino sobre consumo de drogas en la Población Universitaria de Perú, 2016.
CICAD/Gov.
ARQ
I Pilot Study on Drug Use among University Students in Uruguay
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ, Central Registry of Drug Abuse
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Govt. ; Refer to Secondary school students in School Survey
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ; @ less than 0.005
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Illegal use of drugs and alcohol in Israel 2009: Seventh national epidemiological survey
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Government
Government
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
SDD Survey
SDD Survey
SDD Survey
SDD Survey
Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use Among Yound People in England-2015
Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use Among Yound People in England-2016
2010/11 British Crime Survey
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2011/2012 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2015/2016 Crime Survey for England and Wales/Gov.
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2016/2017 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Scottish Crime and Justice Survey 2014-15
ARQ
ARQ
2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey Report
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ/ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ/DAS Data
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
Gov.
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2019
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2019
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Government: Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use among Young People in England survey-2016
Gov./Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2016/2017 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2017/2018 Crime Survey for England and Wales/Gov.
Gov.
Gov./Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2015/2016 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Government: Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use among Young People in England survey-2016
Goc./Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2017/2018 Crime Survey for England and Wales
ARQ
2016 National Drug Strategy Household Survey not relayed in the latest ARQ.
2007/08 New Zealand Alcohol and Drug Use Survey
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
CICAD/Gov.
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Government
Government
Government
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CANNABIS USE

among the youth population

Población objetivo: Estudiantes cursando los grados de septimo

Población objetivo: Estudiantes cursando los grados de septimo

Población objetivo: Estudiantes cursando los grados de septimo

Encuesta sobre uso y consumo de drogas ilícitas en estudiantes

Notes: (HHS) = Household-type survey; (SS) = School survey

Costa Rica university 0.2

El Salvador 17-25 0.7

Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 0.6

China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20

China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20

China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20

China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20

China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20

China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20

China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20

China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20

China, Hong Kong SAR 11 - 20

United Kingdom (Scotland) 15 1.6

United Kingdom (Scotland) 15 1.5

United Kingdom (Scotland) 15 1.2

Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en Población

Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en Población

Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en Población

Población objetivo: Estudiantes cursando los grados de

0.01 2015 ARQ Heroin

@ 2016 ARQ Opioids; @ less than 0.005

@ 2016 ARQ Heroin; @ less than 0.005

@ 2017 ARQ Opioids; @ less than 0.005

0 2017 ARQ Heroin

@ 2018 ARQ Opioids; @ less than 0.005

0 2018 ARQ Heroin

@ 2019 ARQ Opioids; @ less than 0.005

0 2019 ARQ Heroin

1.80 2018 ARQ Pharmaceutical opioids only, 13 out of 34 Provinces

0.4 2014 ARQ Heroin. Urban areas (excluding overseas departments)

South Africa 13 - 22 6.7 2008

South Africa (SS) grades 8- 10 1.0 2011

South Africa (SS) grades 8- 11 4.9 2011/12

El Salvador 17 - 25 2.7 0.4 0.2 2012

El Salvador 17 - 25 2.3 0.4 0.2 2012

El Salvador 17 - 25 0.4 0.0 0.0 2012

Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 3.1 1.9 2010/11

Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 3.3 2.0 2012/13

Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 2.7 1.9 2014/15

Canada 15-16 (Grade 10) 3.24 2.4 2016/17

United States of America (SS) 15 - 16 2.7 1.8 0.8 2015

United States of America (SS) 15 - 16 1.1 0.7 0.3 2015

Colombia 11-18 0.7 0.5 0.2 2011

Colombia University 0.6 0.1 0.0 2012

Ecuador 12 - 17 2.92 2.30 0.43 2016

Ecuador 12 - 17 1.20 1.18 0.59 2016

Ecuador 12 - 17 2.29 1.96 0.44 2016

Paraguay 12+ 2.0 1.7 0.7 2014

Paraguay 12+ 1.0 0.6 0.3 2014

Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 1.1 2010

Georgia (SS) 15 - 16 0.6 2010