Restating Sentence

Although gluten has gained a bad reputation, the majority of people would struggle to explain what it
actually is. The truth is that gluten is just a mixture of proteins found in the seeds of certain cereal plants:
wheat, rye and barley. Gluten is stored in a tissue inside the seed called the endosperm, which surrounds
the plant embryo and provides a dense source of energy as the plant starts to grow. In wheat, gluten is
formed when the proteins glutenin and gliadin cross-link into a net-like structure that provides elasticity
(stretchiness) and viscosity (thickness).

Once food reaches the stomach it must be broken down by enzymes in the process of digestion. Large
proteins are broken up into chains of amino acids called peptides. Normally these peptides are easily broken
down further; however, the gliadin peptides in gluten are difficult to break down as they are part of a group
of peptides called prolamins. Prolamins are made up of lots of glutamine and proline amino acids, which
digestive enzymes have difficulty breaking up. This means that unlike most proteins gluten digestion can
leave strands of amino acids intact in the small intestine. These strands can be up to 10 amino acids long
and are known as oligopeptides. For most people gliadin oligopeptides are harmless. However, a small
proportion of the population will produce an immune response known as coeliac disease, a condition caused
by the body's immune systems mistakenly attacking itself. Coeliac disease is caused by a reputation to
gluten.

1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is FALSE …

(A) Most people are actually unsure about gluten
(B) Coealiac disease occurs in many people
(C) Endosperm is a food reserve tissue inside the seeds
(D) Endosperm nourishes the developing embryo
(E) Gliadin is a protein difficult to digest

2. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage …

(A) To evaluate a gluten diet
(B) To provide the readers with facts about gluten
(C) To persuade the readers to reduce that gluten consumption
(D) To describe function of gluten to the readers
(E) To reaffirm the readers’ existing belief about gluten

Forget what world leaders say. If you want to understand what they are really up to, look at the paintings
that hang behind them at press conferences and summit meetings, or when they pause with apparent
spontaneity along a corridor to answer a reporter's question. The silent stare of a poised portrait gazing at
you over the shoulder of David Cameron or Vladimir Putin is often more loaded and more deliberately
orchestrated than you might think.

3. The italic phrase “apparent spontaneity” the first paragraph means…

(A) Possible gesture
(B) Genuine reaction
(C) Innocent impromptu
(D) Seeming naturalness
(E) Questionable motivation

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Text II

Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or
humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional
actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or "heightened" documentary. Although the genre has
existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates
from around 2000.

Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows which
resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s (a modern
example is Gaki no tsukai), to surveillance- or voyeurism- focused productions such as Big Brother .

Critics say that the term "reality television" is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently
portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic locations or
abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on
screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques.

Part of reality television’s appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations.
For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously,
travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its
participants into national celebrities, in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though
frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.

Some commentators have said that the name "reality television" is an inaccurate description for several
styles of program included in the genre. In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor,
and other special-living-environment shows like The Real World, the producers design the format of the
show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in
which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed
scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett,
creator of Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and avoids the word "reality"
to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama."

4. In the first sentence, the writer says "it is claimed" to show that _______ in the first sentence.
a. the writer agrees with the statement
b. everyone agrees with the statement
c. no one agrees with the statement
d. the writer gives his approval to the statement
e. the writer somewhat disagrees with the statement

5. The words "heightened documentary" in paragraph 1 means that _______.

a. the story in the reality television program is made up
b. the story in the reality television program is of a real event
c. the reality television is able to locate people in an extraordinary situation
d. the reality television focuses on games and quizzes
e. the production of the reality television programs is well-managed

Text I

Recent technological advances in manned and unmanned undersea vehicles have overcome some of the
limitations of divers and diving equipment. Without a vehicle, divers often become sluggish and their mental
concentration becomes limited. Because of undersea pressure which affected their speech organs,

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communication among divers was difficult or impossible. But today, most oceanographers make
observations by means of instruments which are lowered into the ocean or from samples taken from the
water. Direct observations of the ocean floor are made not only by divers but also by deep-diving
submarines. Some of these submarines can dive to depths of more than seven miles and cruise at depths of
thousand feet. Radio-equipped buoys can be operated by remote control in order to transmit information
back to land-based laboratories.

6. The main idea of the passage tells us the reasons why _____ .
a. undersea vehicles were not well-equipped for explorations
b. recent exploration of the ocean has proved to be successful
c. high technology for undersea exploration was not implemented earlier
d. divers could not communicate well with land-based laboratories
e. deep-diving submarines can send information to divers in the laboratories

7. Which of the following statements is the most suitable concluding sentence of the paragraph?
a. In short, the technology in undersea exploration should be improved.
b. Therefore, divers should avoid undersea pressure to be able to communicate.
c. In fact, deep-diving submarines are the best means for oceanographers to conduct undersea
explorations.
d. To conclude, it is the radios divers use to communicate that makes the undersea exploration
successful.
e. Thus, successful communication in the exploration of ocean greatly depends on the divers and
vehicles.

a Text II

Delivering medicine to the world’s poorest people is a challenge. Hot, poor places such as Tanzania have
many microbes but microscopic health budgets. Dangerous myths deter many sick rural folk from seeking
medical help. Even if they do seek help, it is often unavailable, for they do not have the money to pay for it,
and their government rarely has the money to give it to them for free. Because they cannot afford adequate
health care, poor people are sick a lot of the time. And because they are sick a lot of the time, they find it
hard to put in the long hours of productive labour that might make them less poor.

All hope is not lost, however. A recent experiment in Tanzania has shown that a small health budget can go
a long way, provided that the money is spent with care. With the help of a Canadian charity, the Tanzanian
health ministry set up a health project in two rural districts, with a combined population of about 700,000.
Five years ago, annual health spending in Tanzania was about 8 a head. This figure included an estimate for
the annual cost of trained staff. The charity added 2 a head to the pot, on condition that it was spent
rationally. By this, the donors meant that the amount of money spent on fighting a particular disease should
reflect the burden that disease imposed on the local population.

This may sound obvious; however, in this region, no one had a clue which diseases caused the most trouble,
so the first task was to find out. Researchers were sent out to carry out a door-to-door survey, asking
representative households whether anyone had been ill or died recently, and if so with what symptoms.
These raw numbers were then crunched to produce a ‘burden of disease’ profile for the two districts. In
other words, researchers sought to measure how many years of life were being lost to each disease,
including the damage done to families when breadwinners die.

They then compared their results with the amount spent by the local health authorities on each disease and
found that it bore no relation whatsoever to the harm which the disease inflicted on local people. Some

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diseases were horribly neglected, such as malaria, which accounted for 30% of the years of life lost but only
5% of the health budget. Other conditions, meanwhile, attracted more than their fair share of cash.
Tuberculosis, which accounted for less than 4% of years of life lost, received 22% of the budget.

This tiny infusion of cash from the Canadians, in the form of an extra 2 a head, was enough to allow the
districts health authorities to make their spending reflect the disease burden. The results of all this were
stunning. Infant mortality fell by 28% between 1999 and 2000 and the proportion of children dying before
their fifth birthday dropped by 14%.

8. The term a ‘burden of disease’ in paragraph 3 means _____.

a. the worse the disease the more the burden
b. the relative effects of different diseases on a society
c. a disease is burdensome for the poor
d. each society and family has its own burden caused by disease
e. a disease affects not only the sick but also the breadwinner.

9. Which of the following statements about the text is FALSE?

a. The additional amount donated by the Canadian charity was carefully spent.
b. The budget allocated for each person included the training cost for the medical staff.
c. The presence of myth in Tanzania may have discouraged people to go to doctors.
d. A serious disease probably affected not only the patient but also the family.
e. The amount of budget allocated to each disease depended on how harmful a disease was.

Without Text

10. "I wouldn’t have bought a new laptop if I had not needed one."
This means that I _______ a new laptop.
a. did not need
b. would buy
c. would need
d. bought
e. didn’t buy

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