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UNIVERSITY OF GHANA
(All rights reserved)
END OF SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS , 2016/2017
MAIN AND CITY CAMPUS
OMIS 302: INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Time allowed : 3 HRS
SECTION A (25 Marks)
This section contains 25 multiple choice questions. Answer ALL questions in this section.

1. A method for scheduling unique or one-off projects is the:

a. Project evaluation review teclmique
b. Critical path method
c. Network analysis technique
d. Forward and backward pass method.
2. Select the wrong statement:
a. A project is a set of activities that can be performed in a certain logical sequence.
b. A network is a graphic portrayal of independency relationship among the
activities of a project.
c. An arrow representing an activity can have any length and shape.
d. An activity cannot be represented by more than one arrow but an arrow can
represent one or more activities.
3. Select the wrong statement.
a. Forward pass calculations yield the earliest and the latest start and finish times of
various activities.
b. The difference between the latest and the earliest finish times of an activity is its
total float.
c. Free float of an activity crumot exceed its total float.
d. Determination of the earliest and the latest start time of various activities of a
project is useful for proper planning of their execution.
4. Which of the following is not a rule of network construction?
a. Each defined activity is represented by one and only one arrow.
b. A network should have only initial and one terminal node.
c. Identical initial and final nodes can identify two activities.
d. Only as few dunmlY activities should be included as is warranted.
5. Which of the following is not correct in respect of PERT calculations?
a. Expected time of an acti vity is a weighted average of three times estimates, a, m,
and b with respective weights of 1, 4, and 1.
b. The completion time of an activity is assumed to follow normal distribution.
c. The standard deviation of activity completion time is one-sixth of the excess of
pessimistic over optimistic time.
d. The sum total of variances of critical activity times gives the variance of the
overall project completion time.

Examiner: Mr. Divine Agozie Page 10f8

 , I

40 .1

6. Given that, the expected duration of a project = 47 days, variance

= 9 days. 'What is the
probability of completing the project within three days more or less than the expected
time?
•
a. 0.5 000
b. 0.6826
c. 0.2586
d. 0.3174
7. Given that, the expected duration of project = 47 days, variance = 9 days . What is the
probability of not completing the project in 50 days?
a. 0.6293
b. 0.8413
c. 0. 1587
d. 0.3707
8. Select the wTong statement.
a. All activities on a critical path are critical activities.
b. A project network may have none, one, or more critical paths.
c. A delay in critical activity surely delays the completion of project.
d. Each critical activity has identical earliest and the latest start times.
9. What are the two basic types of production systems?
a. Automated and manual
b. Intermittent and non-intermittent systems
c. Normal and continuous process
d. Continuous process and batch
10. What type of process would a paper mill be most likely to use?
a. Continuous flow
b. Project
c. Job shop
d. Flow shop
11. A manufacturer has been receiving excessive numbers of defective standard machine parts
from a vendor on a regular basis. What is the most effective way to design a formal
inspection system for incoming parts?
a. Queuing analysis
b. Time series analysis
c. Statistical quality control
d. Regression analysis
12. In a PERT/CPM network, computing the critical path requires
a. determining the total project duration
b. assigning the earliest finish time for an activity as the earliest start time for the
next
c. that the latest finishing time for an activity not delay the overall project beyond
initial expectation
d. none of the above

Examiner: Mr. Divine Agozie Page 2 of8

:. 13. At the completion of the forward and backward passes, the slack for an activity is given by
the
a. difference between early start and early finish
b. difference between early start and latest finish
c. difference between latest start and early start
d. amount of idle labor on the critical path
14. A project has three paths: A-B-C has a length of 25 days. A-D-C has a length of 15
days. A-E-C has a length of 20 days. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. A-D-C is the critical path.
b. A-B-C has the most slack.
c. The expected duration of the project is 25 days.
d. The expected duration of this project is 60 days
15. The transportation model method that is used to evaluate location alternatives minimizes total
a. sources
b. destinations
c. capacity
d. shipping costs
16. When the flow of materials is variable
a. layout by process is most suitable
b. layout by product is most suitable
c. layout by fixed position is most suitable
d. line balancing is most suitable
17. "Zero defects" in manufacturing actually means
a. To incur zero cost of poor quality in manufacturing
b. A continuous improvement philosophy
c. A readily achievable quality plan in all areas
d. Is a relevant goal only in manufacturing circles

18. Which of the following represent reasons for globalizing operations?

a. To gain improvements in the supply chain
b. To improve operations
c. To expand a product's life cycle
d. All of the above
19. Which of the following is an implication of low variety?
a. Low unit cost
b. Flexibility needed
c. High complexity
d. Matching customers specific needs

Examiner: Mr. Divine Agozie Page 3 of8

: 20. Operations typically differ in terms of volume of output, variety of output, variation in
demand or the degree of 'visibility' (i .e. customer contact) that is given to customers of a
delivery process. Please match the following element with the most appropriate of the above
•
dimensions. High customization is most closely matched to: -
a. Variety
b. Variation
c. Volume
d. Visibility

21 . A hospital is best described as an example of

a. Service operations with no equivalent manufacturing context
b. Jobbing in a service context
c. Continuous flow
d. Project management

22. The key concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) is

a. Total control of all quality related activities
b. Commitment of all employees to quality improvement
c. The introduction of the ISO 9000 series
d. Statistical process control

23. Which of the following is NOT a measure of the capacity of a Factory?

a. Number of machines
b. Number of Production workers
c. Number of different products sold
d. Number of delivery vehicles

24. The "costs of quality" do NOT include

a. External failure
b. Internal failure
c. Capital investment
d. Prevention
25. The -- characteristic of a service is best illustrated by an empty airline seat or hotel room not
occupied
a. Time perishability
b. Labour intensity
c. Intangibility
d. Simultaneous production and consumption

Examiner: Mr. Divine Agozie Page 4 of8

•• SECTION B
A nswer ONLY ON E Question ji-om this Section . Each question carries 25 marks.
Question 1
What characteristics will describe the quality of the Uni versity of Ghana ' s online application
process? Discuss no less than four characteristics. (25 marks)

Question 2
Ensuring quality comes at a cost, likewise, doing nothing about it equally comes with a cost.
Discuss the types of costs associated with both instances using university of Ghana ' s core
operations as a case. Link your examples to University of Ghana's core operations. (25 marks)

SECTION C
Answer any two questions ji-om this Section . Each question carries 25 marks.

Question 3
The University of Ghana Counselling Center (UGCC) , offers career guidance and counselling
services to students. In order to make its services more accessible, the unit has developed a
mobile application which it intends make available to the students . It has planned a two-day
promotional campaign to publicize the ' App' to get as many students as possible "hooked-up"
unto the App .
The unit has outlined a list of required activities (in hours) necessary to achieve this pUblicity
objective (see Table 1). If the campaign spans beyond the two days, the unit will require extra
funds to finance those delayed activities. The UGCC works on a tight fixed budget and cannot
afford any extra expenditure and as such, it must make sure the campaign stays within the
projected two days.
Table 1
Activity Expected Predecessor Variance
time
B 5.5 - 0.250
M 6.17 B 0.444
N 10.17 B 0.250
X 16.17 B 0.444
A 7 M,N 0.111
F 8 N,X 0.444
Q 2 X 0
C 5.17 X 0.027
Y 11.17 A 0.444
S 10.83 F,A 1
R 3.83 Q,F 0
T 6.5 C,Q 0.111
K 8.33 Y,S,R 0.694
U 4.37 K,T 0.250
a. Construct the precedence dIagram together WIth the total slacks for each activity. (18
marks)

Examiner: Mr. Divine Agozie Page 5 of8

 b. \Vhat is the estimated completion time for the campaign? (2 marks)
c. \Vhich activities must be carefully considered to avoid any possible delay? (2 marks)
d. Vv'bat are the chances that the campaign could finish 3 hours before or after its estimated
•
completion time? (3 marks)

Question 4
a. Gideon is quite unsure about his choice of internet provider for his studies. Haven tried
three major internet service providers in the country; currently Gideon has some
performance information on three providers operating in ghana. Given that he has
information on the number of failures and the average time to regain high-speed service
mostly between 8am to 5pm (shown in the Table). Gideon must choose one of the service
providers.

Internet Service Provider Number of Failures Time to Regain Service

(min)
Surfline GH 11 2
Busy GH 4 5
MTN 4G." ".) 8

(i) "Which service provider would you recommend to Gideon based on each
system's availability (10 marks)
(ii) Differentiate between Reliability and Maintainability. (5 marks)

b. Merrimac Manufacturing Company has always purchased a certain component part from
a supplier on the East Coast for Gh¢50 per part. The supplier is reliable and has
maintained the same price structure for years. Recently, improvements in operations and
reduced product demand have cleared up some capacity in Merrimac's own plant for
producing component parts. The particular part in question could be produced at Gb¢40
per pari, with an armual fixed investment of Gh ¢25 ,000. Currently, Merrimac needs 300
of these parts per year. Sbould Merrimac make or buy tbe component part? (10 marks)

Exar11iner : Mr. Divine Agozie Page 6 of8

• Question 5
Samsung is revamping its assembly lines to improve efficiency. There are 10 steps to assembling
a television set.
1. Construct a precedence diagram 5 marks
11. If Samsung has to produce 120 televisions in a 40-hour work week, how should the
line be balanced? 5 marks
lll. Given that a worker is assigned to each workstation, how many workers are required
to operate the line? 1 mark
IV. What is the efficiency of the line? 4 marks

Task Precedence Time (Min)

A - 8
B A 4
C A 7
D A "
.)

E B 7
F C,E 11
G D 2
H G 8
I F,H 5
J I 7

b. You are at an interview where you are to be considered for appointment as the company's
operations department. You have been asked to talk about designing process layouts at the
interview. What are some of the key processes in designing the layout using the block
diagramming technique? (10 Marks)

Examiner: Mr. Divine Agozie Page 7 of8

 46
c _ production time available .
Some useful formulae •
d - desired units of output '

FV
Q = SP - CP

SAA= MTBF .
MTBF - MTTR'

Examiner: Mr. Divine Agozie Page 8 of8

 Standard Normal Probabilities

Table entry for z is the area under the standard normal curve
to the left of z.
z
z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09

0.0 .5000 .5040 .5080 .5120 .5160 .5199 .5239 .5279 .5319 .5359
0.1 .5398 .5438 .5478 .5517 .5557 .5596 .5636 .5675 .5714 .5753
0.2 .5793 .5832 .5871 .5910 .5948 .5987 .6026 .6064 .6103 .6141
0.3 .6179 .6217 .6255 .6293 .6331 .6368 .6406 .6443 .6480 .6517
0.4 .6554 .6591 .6628 .6664 .6700 .6736 .6772 .6808 .6844 .6879
0.5 .6915 .6950 .6985 .7019 .7054 .7088 .7123 .7157 .7190 .7224
0.6 .7257 .7291 .7324 .7357 .7389 .7422 .7454 .7486 .7517 .7549
0.7 .7580 .7611 .7642 .7673 .7704 .7734 .7764 .7794 .7823 .7852
0.8 .7881 .7910 .7939 .7967 .7995 .8023 .8051 .8078 .8106 .8133
0.9 .8159 .8186 .8212 .8238 .8264 .8289 .8315 .8340 .8365 .8389
1.0 .8413 .8438 .8461 .8485 .8508 .8531 .8554 .8577 .8599 .8621
1.1 .8643 .8665 .8686 .8708 .8729 .8749 .8770 .8790 .8810 .8830
1.2 .8849 .8869 .8888 .8907 .8925 .8944 .8962 .8980 .8997 .9015
1.3 .9032 .9049 .9066 .9082 .9099 .9115 .9131 .9147 .9162 .9177
1.4 .9192 .9207 .9222 .9236 .9251 .9265 .9279 .9292 .9306 .9319
1.5 .9332 .9345 .9357 .9370 .9382 .9394 .9406 .9418 .9429 .9441
1.6 .9452 .9463 .9474 .9484 .9495 .9505 .9515 .9525 .9535 .9545
1.7 .9554 .9564 .9573 .9582 .9591 .9599 .9608 .9616 .9625 .9633
1.8 .9641 .9649 .9656 .9664 .9671 .9678 .9686 .9693 .9699 .9706
1.9 .9713 .9719 .9726 .9732 .9738 .9744 .9750 .9756 .9761 .9767
2.0 .9772 .9778 .9783 .9788 .9793 .9798 .9803 .9808 .9812 .9817
2.1 .9821 .9826 .9830 .9834 .9838 .9842 .9846 .9850 .9854 .9857
2.2 .9861 .9864 .9868 .9871 .9875 .9878 .9881 .9884 .9887 .9890
2.3 .9893 .9896 .9898 .9901 .9904 .9906 .9909 .9911 .9913 .9916
2.4 .9918 .9920 .9922 .9925 .9927 .9929 .9931 .9932 .9934 .9936
2.5 .9938 .9940 .9941 .9943 .9945 .9946 .9948 .9949 .9951 .9952
2.6 .9953 .9955 .9956 .9957 .9959 .9960 .9961 .9962 .9963 .9964
2.7 .9965 .9966 .9967 .9968 .9969 .9970 .9971 .9972 .9973 .9974
2.8 .9974 .9975 .9976 .9977 .9977 .9978 .9979 .9979 .9980 .9981
2.9 .9981 .9982 .9982 .9983 .9984 .9984 .9985 .9985 .9986 .9986
3.0 .9987 .9987 .9987 .9988 .9988 .9989 .9989 .9989 .9990 .9990
3.1 .9990 .9991 .9991 .9991 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9993 .9993
3.2 .9993 .9993 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9995 .9995 .9995
3.3 .9995 .9995 .9995 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9997
3.4 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9998