match

me!!
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WHO IS
MY PARENTS?
 A B
Who is
my parents?
 A B
Who is
my parents?
 A B
Who is
my parents?
STRUCTURE OF
CHROMOSOMES
TABLE OF CONTENT:
Identify the Structure of
1
Chromosomes.

Understand the significance roles of

2
DNA and chromosomes.
 THOMAS HUNT MORGAN

-provided the insight on

chromosomes composition and
functions through his
experiments.
-provided evidence that certain
traits, such as eye color, were
linked to the sex chromosomes (X
and Y chromosomes).
 CHROMOSOMES
Chromosomes are thread-like
structures found in the nucleus of
cells. They are made up of DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) and
associated proteins. Chromosomes
contain the genetic information
necessary for the growth,
development, functioning, and
reproduction of all living organisms.
WHERE DID WE FIND CHROMOSOMES?

-At the nucleus specifically in

Eukaryotic cells or organism.
-Inside the nucleus, chromosomes is
like thread like mess.
-this thread like mess is like 2
meters long.
 CHROMOSOMES
-In humans, each cell normally
contains 23 pairs of chromosomes
for a total of 46 chromosomes.
Autosomes-those are 22 pairs of
chromosomes.
Sex chromosomes - the one pair
(23rd) chromosomes. This differs
between male and female.
Female have (XX) chromosomes
while male have (XY) chromosomes.
 Sex Chromosomes
-are a pair of chromosomes
that determine an individual's
biological sex.

XX- FEMALE
XY-MALE
PARTS OF CHROMOSOMES
1. Chromatids – two identical
halves of a replicated
chromosome.
2. Centromere – the attachment points
of the two chromatids. This also
described as the constriction point
which divides the chromosome into
two sections, or “arms.”
 PARTS OF CHROMOSOMES
3. P arm – or short in upper
arms of the chromosome
which is usually shorter.
4. Q arm - lower arms of the
chromosome which is usually
longer.
 DNA

-the Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

-it is where the
chromosomes are made of.
-it shape like a ladder that
being twisted and its shape
called the DOUBLE HELIX.
 DNA
- it has 4 bases namely: Adenine,
Thymine, Guasine, and Cytosine.

-The sequence of these bases

along the DNA molecule encodes
the genetic instructions
necessary for the development,
functioning, and reproduction of
all living organisms.
CHROMOSOMES
ORGANIZATION
Histones- beads-like shape
which consider as a
proteins help to condense
the long DNA strands into
a more compact structure,
which is essential for
efficient storage.
CHROMOSOMES
ORGANIZATION

Linkers- is a string on the

histones which its purpose
is helping to organize
chromatin into a more
compact structure.
CHROMOSOMES
ORGANIZATION

Nucleosome- are like

"beads on a string," with
the string and the beads
being the histone proteins
that comprises 8 histones.
CHROMOSOMES
ORGANIZATION

Solenoid -refers to a
higher-order structure
formed by the coiling of
nucleosomes into a helical
or zigzag arrangement.
CHROMOSOMES
ORGANIZATION

Supercoil -additional level

of coiling or twisting that
allows for even greater
compaction of chromatin
compared to the solenoid
structure alone.
 CHROMOSOMES

NUCLEUS CHROMOSOMES DNA ALPHABET

 SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF DNA AND
CHROMOSOMES IN CELL
REPRODUCTION

-DNA and chromosomes are essential for cell

reproduction, and ensuring the accurate
transmission of genetic information,
which are all vital for the survival and evolution of
organisms.
QUIZ
TIME