FI-I Student Manual - Module V - 2012 EDITION

Fire Inspector I – Module V Notes
Module V
© Copyright 2013 National Fire Protection Association
Module V – Storage,
Handling and Use
 Properties of hazardous
materials
 Classification of hazardous
materials
 Fire prevention practices
for hazardous substances
and processes
Lesson 1 – Storage, Handling

and Use
Properties of Hazardous
Materials
Page 1 of 138 2012 EDITION

MODULE V – LESSON 1: Properties of Hazardous Materials
OBJECTIVES
To properly conduct inspections involving the storage, handling and use of hazardous materials,
the fire inspector must understand the properties of those materials. They should also know how
to interpret information provided in resource materials and just what information is available and
where to find it.
The Fire Inspector candidate will inspect facilities with incidental storage, handling, and use of
flammable and combustible liquids and gases, given inspection guidelines from the authority
having jurisdiction, so that compliance with applicable codes and standards is verified and all
deficiencies are identified. (4.3.12)
The Fire Inspector candidate will inspect facilities where hazardous materials are stored, handled
or used given inspection guidelines from the authority having jurisdiction, so that compliance
with applicable codes and standards is verified and all deficiencies are identified. (4.3.13)
At the end of this Lesson the fire inspector candidate will be able to:
1. Apply the properties of flammable and combustible liquids and gases to inspection
situations.
2. Interpret codes related to the storage, handling and use of flammable and combustible
liquids and gases.
3. Apply the properties of hazardous materials to inspection situations.
4. Describe the impact that hazardous materials may have on fire growth and development
5. Interpret codes related to the storage, handling and use of hazardous materials

Flammable/Combustible
Liquids and Gases
Lesson Topics
 Properties of materials
 Code requirements
Properties of Hazardous
Materials
Properties
States of Matter
 Gas
 Liquid
 Solid

States of Matter
Gases
 No definite shape
 Disperse rapidly in
space
 Occupy any volume
available to them
States of Matter
Liquids
 Do not disperse in space
 Change shape easily
 Occupy a definite volume
States of Matter
Solid
 Have both shape and
volume
 Will not flow

Properties
 Boiling Point
 Flash Point
 Ignition Temperature
 Vapor Pressure
 Specific Gravity
 Vapor Density
 Explosive or Flammable
Limits
Boiling Point
 The temperature at which
the vapor pressure of a
liquid equals the
surrounding atmospheric
pressure
 Atmospheric pressure is
normally considered to be
14.7 psia (760 mm Hg)
Flash Point
The minimum temperature
of a liquid at which
sufficient vapor is given off
to form an ignitable mixture
with air, near the surface of
the liquid or within the
vessel containing the liquid

Autoignition Temperature
The minimum temperature
of a solid, liquid, or gas
required to initiate or cause
self-sustained combustion
in air with no other source
of ignition
Vapor Pressure
 A measure of the pressure
that the liquid exerts against
the atmosphere above it
 A measure of the liquid's
tendency to evaporate
 Liquids will have vapor
pressures of 40 psia (2068.6
mm Hg) or less
Specific Gravity
 The mass of a volume of a
liquid compared with the
mass of an equal volume of
water
 Specific gravity of water is 1

Vapor Density
 The density of a volume of a
gas in relation to the same
volume of air
 The vapor density of air is 1
Flammable Limits
The minimum and maximum
concentrations of vapor in air
below and above which
propagation of flame does not
occur, usually expressed in
terms of percent by volume of
the vapor or gas in air
LFL and UFL

 Lower Flammable Limit (LFL). The
lowest concentration of a
flammable vapor or gas/air
mixture that will ignite and burn
with a flame
 Upper Flammable Limit (UFL). The
highest concentration of a
flammable vapor or gas/air
mixture that will ignite and burn
with a flame

Explosive Limits
The word “explosive” is often
substituted for “flammable”;
LEL and UEL are considered to
be interchangeable with LFL
and UFL for practical
applications
Flammable Range of Hydrogen
Information Sources
 NFPA Fire Protection
Guide to Hazardous
Materials
 Hazardous
Materials/Weapons of
Mass Destruction
Response Handbook
 Material specific
standards
 MSDS Sheets
 NAERG

Activity V-1.1
Physical Properties
Individual Activity
Physical Properties
Why
The interpretation of information
regarding hazardous materials is an
important skill of the fire inspector
How
As an individual, complete the
worksheets in your student manual.
Review with your team.
Time – 20 minutes

Activity V-1.1 A
Physical Properties
Answer the following questions for each of the materials listed. Hazard Data Sheets or
MSDS for the materials are provided in the student manual. Review responses with your
team.
Material: Acetylene
Normal physical state
Boiling point
Specific gravity/ Vapor density
Vapor pressure
Flammable limits
Autoignition temperature
Water solubility
NFPA Fire Inspector I

Module V Student Activities
Activity V-1.1 B
Physical Properties
team.
Material: Anhydrous Ammonia
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Flammable limits
Water solubility

Activity V-1.1 C
Physical Properties
team.
Material: Benzene
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Flammable limits
Water solubility

Activity V-1.1 D
Physical Properties
team.
Material: Calcium Hypochlorite
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Flammable limits
Water solubility

Activity V-1.1 E
Physical Properties
team.
Material: Chlorine
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Flammable limits
Water solubility

Activity V-1.1 F
Physical Properties
team.
Material: Ethylene Oxide
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Flammable limits
Water solubility

Activity V-1.1 G
Physical Properties
team.
Material: Sulfuric Acid
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Flammable limits
Water solubility

Activity V-1.2
What is Regulated?
What is Regulated?
Why
Develop an understanding of the
materials and processes that are
regulated by fire codes and standards
How
Complete worksheet and, as a team,
develop a presentation on the
materials or process assigned.
Present to group
Time – Team Activity - 40 min

Activity V-1.2
What is regulated?
Part 1
Identify the materials and process that are regulated by NFPA 1 and the NFPA
documents that are referenced.
NFPA 1
Material or Process NFPA References
Section

Activity V-1.2 – Page 2
What is regulated?
Part 2
Develop a presentation for the group for the material or process assigned to your team. Address
the following points in the presentation
1. Provide the group with an overview of the process or material being discussed
2. The type of requirements included in NFPA 1
3. What documents are referenced by NFPA 1 and where would you look for additional
information?
4. Based on the requirements in the Code, why does your group think this material or process is
regulated?

Team Presentations
Hazardous
Materials
What is Regulated?
Questions

and Use
Classification of
Hazardous Materials
IFSTA©

MODULE V – LESSON 2: Classification of Hazardous Materials
OBJECTIVES
The Fire Inspector candidate will inspect facilities with incidental storage, handling, and use of
flammable and combustible liquids and gases, given inspection guidelines from the authority
having jurisdiction, so that compliance with applicable codes and standards is verified and all
deficiencies are identified. (4.3.12)
The Fire Inspector candidate will inspect facilities where hazardous materials are stored, handled
or used given inspection guidelines from the authority having jurisdiction, so that compliance
with applicable codes and standards is verified and all deficiencies are identified. (4.3.13)
At the end of this lesson the fire inspector candidate will be able to:
1. Describe the classification and labeling of hazardous materials.
2. Describe the classification and labeling of flammable and combustible liquids and gases.

Classification of
Hazardous Materials
Lesson Topics
 Classification Systems
 Marking Systems
 Using Classifications
Hazardous Materials
Any material that poses an
unreasonable risk to health
and safety of persons or the
environment if not properly
controlled during handling,
storage, manufacture,
processing, packaging, use,
disposal, or transportation
Hazardous Materials
A chemical or substance
that is classified as a
physical hazard material or
a health hazard material,
whether the chemical or
substance is in usable or
waste condition. NFPA 1,
3.3.173.3.

UN Classifications
 Class 1 – Explosives
 Class 2 – Gases
 Class 3 – Flammable Liquids
 Class 4 – Flammable Solids
 Class 5 – Oxidizers
 Class 6 – Poisons and Infectious
Substances
 Class 7 – Radioactive Substances
 Class 8 – Corrosives
 Class 9 Miscellaneous
Class 2 – Gases
2.1 Flammable Gas
2.2 Nonflammable Compressed
Gas – nonflammable and
nonpoisonous gas
2.3 Poisonous Gas – a gas that
is known to, or presumed to
be toxic to humans
Class 3 – Flammable
Liquids
 Flammable Liquid
 Combustible Liquid

Class 4 – Flammable
Solids
4.1 Flammable Solids
4.2 Spontaneously
Combustible Materials
4.3 Dangerous When Wet
Material
Flammable Liquid
Class I – Any liquid that has
a closed-cup flash point
below 100ºF (37.8ºC) and a
Reid vapor pressure not
exceeding 40 psia (2068.6
mm Hg) at 100ºF (37.8ºC)
Class I Liquids
 Class IA – flash points below
73ºF (22.8ºC) and boiling points
below 100ºF (37.8ºC)
 Class IB – flash points below
73ºF (22.8ºC) and boiling points
at or above 100ºF (37.8ºC)
 Class IC – flash points at or
above 73ºF (22.8ºC), but below
100ºF (37.8ºC)

Class II and Class III

 Class II – flash point at or
above 100ºF (37.8ºC) and
below 140ºF (60ºC)
 Class IIIA – flash point at or
above 140ºF (60ºC), but below
200ºF (93ºC)
 Class IIIB – flash point at or
above 200ºF (93ºC)
Oxidizers
Any solid or liquid material that
readily yields oxygen or other
oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts
to promote or initiate combustion
of combustible materials and
under some circumstances can
undergo a vigorous self-sustained
decomposition due to
contamination. Examples include:
chlorine
bromine
iodine
Oxidizers – Class 1
An oxidizer that does not
moderately increase the
burning rate of combustible
materials with which it comes
into contact.

An oxidizer that causes a
moderate increase in the
burning rate of combustible
into contact.
An oxidizer that causes a
severe increase in the burning
rate of combustible materials
with which it comes into
contact.
 An oxidizer that can undergo an
explosive reaction due to
contamination or exposure to
thermal or physical shock and
that causes a severe increase in
the burning rate of combustible
into contact.

Explosive Materials
 A chemical compound, mixture,
or device, the primary or common
purpose of which is to function by
explosion.
 The term includes, but is not
limited to, dynamite, black
powder, pellet powder, initiating
explosives, detonators, safety
fuses, squibs, detonating cord,
igniter cord, igniters and Display
Fireworks
Explosive Materials
 The UN classification system
adopted by the US DOT is
used by this code
 Class 1
 Six divisions within Class 1
organize materials into
groups of like properties and
hazards
Marking Systems
 Packaging
 Transportation
 Buildings

Packaging Labels
Transportation Placards
Facility Markings
NFPA 704, Standard System

for the Identification of the
Hazards of Materials for
Emergency Response is often
adopted by jurisdictions for
the identification of buildings
or areas where hazardous
materials are stored or used

NFPA 704
SA Simple Asphyxiant
Activity V-2.1
Using Classifications
Why
The classification of hazardous
substances impacts fire protection
decisions the inspector will be asked
to address
How
Using available information to classify
the substances identified on the
worksheet and answer applicable
questions. Review with team.
Time – 30 min

Activity V-2.1 A
Material: Acetylene
1. What is the UN/DOT classification of this material?
2. Are there other classifications for the material?
3. What would the NFPA 704 classification be?
Health:
Flammability:
Reactivity:
Special hazard:
4. What are the specific hazards of the material?
5. Specific methods to deal with spills/leaks or fires
6. As a fire inspector, what are the specific hazards you would address when dealing with
this material?

Activity V-2.1 B
Material: Anhydrous Ammonia
Health:
Flammability:
Reactivity:
Special hazard:
4. What are the specific hazards of the material? (Ref: NFPA 1, Ch 60, 63, MSDS Section
3.
this material?

Activity V-2.1 C
Material: Benzene
Health:
Flammability:
Reactivity:
Special hazard:
this material?

Activity V-2.1 D
Material: Calcium Hypochlorite
2. Are there other classifications for the material? (MSDS Section 15)
Health:
Flammability:
Reactivity:
Special hazard:
this material?

Activity V-2.1 E
Material: Chlorine
Health:
Flammability:
Reactivity:
Special hazard:
5. Specific methods to deal with spills/leaks or fires?
this material?

Activity V-2.1 F
Material: Ethylene Oxide
Health:
Flammability:
Reactivity:
Special hazard:
5. Specific methods to deal with spills/leaks or fires (Ref: MSDS Sections 5 and 6)
this material?

Activity V-2.1 G
Material: Sulfuric Acid
Health:
Flammability:
Reactivity:
Special hazard:
this material?

Activity V-2.1 H
Material: LP- Gas
Health:
Flammability:
Reactivity:
Special hazard:
5. Specific methods to deal with spills/leaks or fires?
this material?

Activity V-2.1 I
Material: Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Health:
Flammability:
Reactivity:
Special hazard:
4. What are the specific hazards of the material? (Ref: MSDS Section 3 and 5)
this material?

Questions

and Use
Fire Prevention Practices

for
Hazardous Substances
and Processes

MODULE V – LESSON 3: Fire Prevention Practices for
Hazardous Substances and Processes
OBJECTIVES
The Fire Inspector candidate will analyze facilities and processes where hazardous substances
are stored, handled or used given field observations, inspection guidelines from the authority
having jurisdiction, and the requirements of the jurisdiction, so that compliance with applicable
codes and standards and good practice is verified and all deficiencies are identified. (4.3.8,
4.3.12, and 4.3.13)
At the end of this lesson the fire inspector candidate shall be able to:
1. Determine the code requirements related to the storage, handling and use of hazardous
substances
2. Apply knowledge of fire prevention practices to the prevention of fires involving the
storage, handling and use of hazardous substances
3. Apply knowledge of fire behavior and potential sources of ignition to the prevention of
fires involving the storage, handling and use of hazardous substances
4. Apply knowledge of proper housekeeping practices to the prevention of fires involving the
storage, handling and use of hazardous substances

Fire Prevention Practices

Lesson Topics
 Flammable liquids and gases
 Inspection of properties and
processes using liquids or
gases
 Hazardous materials
 Inspection of properties and
processes using hazardous
materials
Protection Concepts
 Maximum Allowable
Quantity
 Control Area
 Protection Levels
Maximum Allowable
Quantity (MAQ)
The quantity of hazardous
material permitted in a
control area.

MAQ Table
Example
 How much Class IB
flammable liquids can be
stored in a control area?
Example
 Table 60.4.2.1.1.3
 Class IB Flammable Liquid
120 gallons
 Footnote g permits 100
increase if in cabinets or
safety cans
 Footnote h permits 100
percent increase if sprinklers

Example
 MAQ 120 gal
 Footnote g 240 gal
 Footnote h 240 gal
 Total permitted in control
area 480 gal
Control Area
A building or portion of a
building or outdoor area within
which hazardous materials are
allowed to be stored,
dispensed, used, or handled in
quantities not exceeding the
maximum allowable quantities
(MAQ).
Control Areas

Example
 How much Class IB
Flammable Liquids can be
stored on the first floor of
a building using control
areas?
Example
 Per previous example for
MAQ for a Class IB
Flammable Liquid 480 gal
per control area with
sprinklers and cabinets.
 Table 60.4.2.2.1 permits 4
control areas with 1 hour
separation.
Example
 4 control areas with 480
gal per control area.
 Total permitted on 1st
floor 1920 gal.

Protection Levels
 Buildings, and portions
thereof, where high hazard
contents are stored, used, or
handled containing
quantities of hazardous
materials exceeding the MAQ
permitted in control areas
shall comply with the
applicable Protection Level.
Fire Behavior and Fire

Prevention
What do you know about
fire that can help to prevent
fires involving flammable
liquids and gases?
Systems Approach
 Fuel control
 Ignition
control
 Detect the fire
 Control the
fire
 Planning
and Training

Activity V-3.1
Fire Prevention and Flammable
Liquids and Gases

Liquids and Gases
Why
Determine the Maximum Allowable
Quantity (MAQ) limits for the storage and
use of flammable liquids?
How
As a team complete the questions on the
activity sheet assigned by the instructor.
Be prepared to discuss your findings
upon completion of the assignment.
Time – 20 min

Activity V-3.1A
Flammable Liquids and Gases

Maximum Allowable Quantities
1. What is the Maximum Allowable Quantity of Class 1A liquids permitted in a non-

sprinklered building? The liquids are not stored in safety cans or approved flammable
liquid storage cabinets.
2. What is the Maximum Allowable Quantity of Class 1A liquids permitted in a non-

sprinklered building? The liquids are stored in safety cans and/or approved flammable
liquid storage cabinets.
3. If the building is sprinklered what would be the MAQ per control area if flammable
liquids storage cabinets are used.
4. May this facility store 60 gal (227 L) of Class 1A liquids and 120 gal (460 L) of Class IC
liquids if the facility is sprinklered and the product is stored in approved flammable
liquids storage cabinets?

Activity V-3.1B

1. What is the Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ) per control area of Class IIIA
combustible liquid that may be stored in a non-sprinklered facility if the product is not
stored in approved in flammable liquids storage cabinets:
2. What is the MAQ per control area of Class IIIA combustible liquid that may be stored in
a facility if the product is stored in approved flammable liquids storage cabinets:
a facility if the facility is sprinklered and the product is stored in approved flammable
liquids storage cabinets:
4. What is the MAQ per control area of Class IIIA combustible liquid permitted to be stored
on the third floor of a manufacturing facility? The facility is sprinklered and the product
is stored in approved flammable liquids storage cabinets:
5. How many control areas are permitted per floor for this manufacturing facility; what is
the required fire resistance rating for fire barriers for this facility:

Activity V-3.1C

1. What is the Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ) per control area of Class II
combustible liquid that may be stored in a non-sprinklered educational occupancy if the
product is not stored in approved flammable liquids storage cabinets:
2. What is the MAQ per control area of Class II combustible liquid that may be stored in a
health care occupancy if the product is stored in approved flammable liquids storage
cabinets:
3. What is the MAQ per control area of Class IIIB combustible liquid that may be stored in
a ambulatory health care facility if the facility is sprinklered throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13 and the product is
stored in approved flammable liquids storage cabinets:
one floor below grade at a manufacturing facility? The facility is sprinklered and the
product is stored in approved flammable liquids storage cabinets:
5. How many control areas are permitted on the floor below grade for this manufacturing
facility; what is the required fire resistance rating for fire barriers for this facility:

Activity V-3.1D

1. What is the Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ) per control area of Class IB
flammable liquid that may be stored in a non-sprinklered facility if the product is not
stored in approved in flammable liquids storage cabinets:
2. What is the MAQ per control area of Class IB flammable liquid that may be stored in a
facility if the product is stored in approved flammable liquids storage cabinets:
a facility if the facility is sprinklered and the product is stored in approved flammable
liquids storage cabinets:
on the 8th floor of a manufacturing facility? The facility is sprinklered and the product is
stored in approved flammable liquids storage cabinets. How many control areas are
required?
5. How many control areas are permitted on the 7th floor of the manufacturing facility; what
is the required fire resistance rating for fire barriers for this facility:

Discussion

Liquids and Gases
Activity V-3.2
Is it safe?
Is it safe?
Why
Apply code requirements to the
prevention of fires involving
flammable liquids and gases
How
As a team, develop a presentation on
the requirements and fire protection
and prevention practices for the

Activity V-3.2
Is It Safe?
As a team develop a presentation based on the material or application assigned by the instructor.
Identify the documents that address the hazard and resources for additional information.
As part of the preparation for your presentation, identify the fire prevention methods that would
be used and how these methods apply to the systems approach to fire prevention and complete
the Worksheet for this activity. Also identify specific requirements, restrictions or hazards the
fire inspector should be knowledgeable of to properly conduct an inspection of a property with
this process or material? Include a discussion of these points in the presentation to the group.
Using the applicable components of the Systems Approach, develop a job aid for the inspector to
use when inspecting this hazard.

Worksheet Activity V-3.2
Ignition
Fuel Control Detection Suppression Planning/Training
Control

Team Presentations
Hazardous
Materials
Is it safe?
Fire Behavior and Fire

Prevention
What do you know about
fire that can help to prevent
fires involving hazardous
materials?
Activity V-3.3
Fire Prevention and Hazardous
Materials
Brainstorming


Materials
Why
What are the fire prevention methods
available for the storage and use of
hazardous materials?
How
As a group develop and discuss a list
of potential fire prevention practices
for use during this lesson.
Time – 20 min
Discussion

Materials
Activity V-3.4
Is it safe?

Is it safe?
Why
Apply code requirements to the
prevention of fires involving
Hazardous Materials.
How
As a team, develop a presentation on
the requirements and fire protection
and prevention practices for the

Activity V-3.4
Is It Safe?
Hazardous Materials
As a team develop a presentation based on the material or application assigned by the instructor.
Identify the documents that address the hazard and resources for additional information.
As part of the preparation for your presentation, identify the fire prevention methods that would
be used and how these methods apply to the systems approach to fire prevention and complete
the Worksheet for this activity. Also identify specific requirements, restrictions or hazards the
fire inspector should be knowledgeable of to properly conduct an inspection of a property with
this process or material? Include a discussion of these points in the presentation to the group.
Using the applicable components of the Systems Approach, develop a job aid for the inspector to
use when inspecting this hazard.

Worksheet Activity V-3.4
Ignition
Fuel Control Detection Suppression Planning/Training
Control

Team Presentations
Hazardous
Materials
Is it safe?
Questions

Module V
Material Safety Data Sheet

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY
3. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: Acetylene is a colorless, flammable gas, with a garlic-like odor, that is dissolved in
acetone. The main health hazard associated with a release of this gas is asphyxiation by displacement of oxygen.
Acetylene gas poses an extreme fire hazard when accidentally released. The gas is lighter than air, and may spread
long distances. Distant ignition and flashback are possible. Flame or high temperature impinging on a localized area
of the cylinder of this product can cause the cylinder to explode without activating the cylinder’s relief devices.
Acetylene gas may decompose explosively at elevated temperatures and pressures. Acetylene can form very
explosive metallic salts (such as with copper, mercury, and silver). Provide adequate fire protection during emergency
response situations.
SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXPOSURE BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE:

The most significant route of overexposure for this gas is by HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INFORMATION
SYSTEM
inhalation. The following paragraphs describe symptoms of exposure

by route of exposure.
INHALATION: At concentration below the LEL of 2.5% (25000 ppm)
HEALTH (BLUE) 1
this gas is essentially non-toxic. At higher concentrations, Acetylene

has anesthetic effects. Symptoms of overexposure to such high
concentrations may include drowsiness, dizziness, and a general
feeling of weakness. High concentrations of this gas can cause an FLAMMABILITY (RED) 4
oxygen-deficient environment. Individuals breathing such an
atmosphere may experience symptoms which include headaches,
ringing in ears, dizziness, drowsiness, unconsciousness, nausea,
vomiting, and depression of all the senses. The skin of a victim of REACTIVITY (YELLOW) 2
overexposure may have a blue color. Under some circumstances of
overexposure, death may occur. The following effects associated with
various levels of oxygen are as follows:
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT B
CONCENTRATION SYMPTOMS OF EXPOSURE
12-16% Oxygen: Breathing and pulse rate increased,
EYES HANDS BODY
muscular coordination slightly disturbed. RESPIRATORY
10-14% Oxygen: Emotional upset, abnormal fatigue,

disturbed respiration. See See
6-10% Oxygen: Nausea and vomiting, collapse or loss of Section 8 Section 8
consciousness.
Below 6%: Convulsive movements, possible For routine industrial applications
respiratory collapse, and death.
When administered with oxygen at concentrations of 10% or greater, See Section 16 for Definition of Ratings
Acetylene produces varying degrees of temporary narcosis.
OTHER POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS: The gas is generally non-irritating to the skin and eyes. Acetylene is
dissolved in acetone. Any skin or eye contact with the acetone component of this product may be slightly irritating to
contaminated skin or eyes.
HEALTH EFFECTS OR RISKS FROM EXPOSURE: An Explanation in Lay Terms. Overexposure to Acetylene may
cause the following health effects:
ACUTE: The most significant hazard associated with Acetylene is inhalation of oxygen-deficient atmospheres.
Symptoms of oxygen deficiency include respiratory difficulty, ringing in ears, headaches, shortness of breath, wheezing,
headache, dizziness, indigestion, and nausea. At high concentrations, unconsciousness or death may occur.
CHRONIC: There are currently no known adverse health effects associated with chronic exposure to the components of
this compressed gas.
TARGET ORGANS: Respiratory system, central nervous system.
ACETYLENE - C2H2 MSDS (Document # 001001)
PAGE 2 OF 9

PART II What should I do if a hazardous situation occurs?
4. FIRST-AID MEASURES
RESCUERS SHOULD NOT ATTEMPT TO RETRIEVE VICTIMS OF EXPOSURE TO ACETYLENE

WITHOUT ADEQUATE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. At a minimum, Self-Contained
Breathing Apparatus and Fire-Retardant Personal Protective equipment should be worn.
Adequate fire protection must be provided during rescue situations.
Remove victim(s) to fresh air, as quickly as possible. Trained personnel should administer supplemental oxygen and/or
cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, if necessary. Only trained personnel should administer supplemental oxygen.
SKIN EXPOSURE: If the liquid portion of this product (acetone) is spilled on skin, immediately begin decontamination
with running water. Minimum flushing is for 15 minutes. Remove exposed or contaminated clothing, taking care not to
contaminate eyes. Victim must seek immediate medical attention if redness or irritation develops.
EYE EXPOSURE: If the liquid portion of this product (acetone) splashes into eyes, open victim's eyes while under gentle
running water. Use sufficient force to open eyelids. Have victim "roll" eyes. Minimum flushing is for 15 minutes.
Victim(s) must be taken for medical attention. Rescuers should be taken for medical attention, if necessary. Take copy
of label and MSDS to physician or other health professional with victim(s).
5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
FLASH POINT (Closed Cup): 0�C (32�F) GAS DISSOLVED IN
ACETONE
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE: 305°C (581�F)
FLAMMABLE LIMITS (in air by volume, %):
Lower (LEL): 2.5% NFPA RATING
Upper (UEL): 82% FLAMMABILITY
100% with substantial energy source and under certain
conditions of pressure, container size and shape.
4
FIRE EXTINGUISHING MATERIALS: Extinguish fires of this gas by shutting-off
the source of the gas. Use water spray to cool fire-exposed structures and HEALTH 0 2 REACTIVITY
equipment.
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: When involved in a fire, this
material ignites to produce toxic gases including carbon monoxide and carbon
dioxide. Acetylene gas is extremely flammable and can readily form explosive OTHER
mixtures with air over a very wide range. An explosion hazard exists in confined See Section 16 for Definition of Ratings
spaces when the gas is released. Pure Acetylene can explode under certain
conditions of elevated pressure, temperature and container size. Acetylene reacts with active metals to form explosive
acetylide compounds.
DANGER! Fires impinging (direct flame) on the outside surface of unprotected pressure storage vessels of Acetylene
can be very dangerous. Direct flame exposure on the cylinder wall can cause an explosion either by BLEVE (Boiling
Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion), or by exothermic decomposition. This could cause a catastrophic failure of the
vessel releasing the contents into a massive fireball and explosion. The resulting fire and explosion can result in severe
equipment damage and personnel injury or death over a large area around the vessel. For massive fires in large areas,
use unmanned hose holder or monitor nozzles; if this is not possible, withdraw from area and allow fire to burn.
Explosion Sensitivity to Mechanical Impact: Not Sensitive.
Explosion Sensitivity to Static Discharge: Static discharge may cause this gas to ignite explosively, if released.
SPECIAL FIRE-FIGHTING PROCEDURES: The best fire-fighting technique may be simply to let the burning gas escape
from the pressurized cylinder, tank car, or pipeline. Stop the leak before extinguishing fire. If the fire is extinguished
before the leak is sealed, the still-leaking gas could explosively re-ignite without warning and cause extensive damage,
injury, or fatality. In this case, increase ventilation (in enclosed areas) to prevent flammable or explosive mixture
formation. Structural fire-fighters must wear Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus and full protective equipment.
Because of the potential for a BLEVE, evacuation of non-emergency personnel is essential. If water is not available for
cooling or protection of vessel exposures, evacuate the area. Refer to the North American Emergency Response
Guidebook (Guide #116).
PAGE 3 OF 9

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
SPILL AND LEAK RESPONSE: Uncontrolled releases should be responded to by trained personnel using pre-planned
procedures. Proper protective equipment should be used. In case of a release, clear the affected area and protect
people. Adequate fire protection must be provided.
Minimum Personal Protective Equipment should be Level B: fire-retardant protective clothing, mechanically-
resistant gloves and Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment. Locate and
seal the source of the leaking gas. Protect personnel attempting the shut-off with water-spray. Allow the gas to
dissipate. Monitor the surrounding area for oxygen and combustible gas levels. Combustible gas concentration must be
below 10% of the LEL (LEL = 2.5%) prior to entry of any response personnel. The atmosphere must have at least 19.5
percent oxygen before personnel can be allowed in the area without Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus.
Attempt to close the main source valve prior to entering the area. If this does not stop the release (or if it is not possible
to reach the valve), allow the gas to release in-place or remove it to a safe area and allow the gas to be released there.
THIS IS AN EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE GAS. Protection of all personnel and the area must be maintained.
PART III How can I prevent hazardous situation from occurring?
7. HANDLING and STORAGE

WORK PRACTICES AND HYGIENE PRACTICES: As with all chemicals, avoid getting Acetylene IN YOU. Do not eat
or drink while handling chemicals. Be aware of any signs of dizziness or fatigue; exposures to fatal concentrations of
Acetylene could occur without any significant warning symptoms.
STORAGE AND HANDLING PRACTICES: Cylinders should be stored in dry, well-ventilated areas away from sources
of heat. Compressed gases can present significant safety hazards. Store containers away from heavily trafficked areas
and emergency exits. Post “No Smoking or Open Flames” signs in storage or use areas. Avoid storage for over six
months and keep the smallest amount necessary on-site at any one-time. In the United States, from NFPA 51, cylinders
of Acetylene stored inside buildings at the locations of use, must be limited to a total capacity of 2500 ft3 (70m3). In
Canada, the limit is for a total capacity of 2160 ft3 (60 m3) in non-sprinklered buildings and 6130 ft3 (170 m3) in building
with sprinkler systems. After these quantities are exceeded, a special room must be built for the storage of Acetylene.
Consider installation of leak detection and alarm for storage area. Cylinders should be stored upright and be firmly
secured to prevent falling or being knocked over. This will prevent acetone from being released from the cylinder.
Cylinders can be stored in the open, but in such cases, should be protected against extremes of weather and from the
dampness of the ground to prevent rusting.
Use non-sparking ventilation systems, approved explosion-proof equipment, and appropriate electrical systems. Keep
the quantity stored as small as possible. Store away from process and production areas, away from elevators, building
and room exits or main aisles leading to exits. Keep storage area clear of materials which can burn. Have appropriate
extinguishing equipment in the storage area (e.g., sprinkler system, portable fire extinguishers).
It is important to note that Acetylene, in its free state, under pressure, may decompose violently. The higher the
pressure, the smaller the initial force necessary to cause a reaction. Therefore, never use the free gas outside the
cylinder at pressures in excess of 15 psig. If pressures exceeding this limit are utilized, special explosion and fire
safety precautions must be implemented.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR HANDLING GAS CYLINDERS: Protect cylinders against physical damage. Store in
cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from sources of heat, ignition and direct sunlight. Do not allow area where cylinders
are stored to exceed 52�C (125�F). Isolate from halogens and oxidizers such as oxygen, chlorine, or fluorine. Use a
check valve or trap in the discharge line to prevent hazardous backflow. Never tamper with pressure relief devices in
valves and cylinders. Electrical equipment should be non-sparking or explosion proof. The following rules are applicable
to work situations in which cylinders are being used:
Before Use: Move cylinders with a suitable hand-truck. Do not drag, slide or roll cylinders. Do not drop cylinders or
permit them to strike each other. Secure cylinders firmly. Leave the valve protection cap (where provided) in-place until
cylinder is ready for use.
During Use: Use designated CGA fittings and other support equipment. Do not use adapters. Do not heat cylinder by
any means to increase the discharge rate of the product from the cylinder. Use check valve or trap in discharge line to
prevent hazardous backflow into the cylinder. Do not use oils or grease on gas-handling fittings or equipment.
After Use: Close main cylinder valve. Valves should be closed tightly, to prevent evaporation of acetone. Replace valve
protection cap. Mark empty cylinders “EMPTY”.
PAGE 4 OF 9
FOR7. HANDLING
TRAINING USE ONLY
and STORAGE (Continued)
NOTE: Use only DOT or ASME code containers designed for acetylene storage. Earth-ground and bond all lines and
equipment associated with this product. Close valve after each use and when empty. Cylinders must not be recharged
except by or with the consent of owner. For additional information refer to the Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet
P-1, Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers. Additionally, refer to CGA Bulletin SB-2 “Oxygen Deficient
Atmospheres” and NFPA Bulletin 58.
For welding and brazing operations, refer to ANSI Z-49.1 “Safety in Welding and Cutting” and OSHA safety regulations
for welding, cutting, and brazing (29 CFR 1910.252).
PROTECTIVE PRACTICES DURING MAINTENANCE OF CONTAMINATED EQUIPMENT: Follow practices indicated
in Section 6 (Accidental Release Measures). Make certain application equipment is locked and tagged-out safely. Purge
gas handling equipment with inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) before attempting repairs.
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS - PERSONAL PROTECTION

VENTILATION AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Use with adequate ventilation to ensure oxygen levels are above
19.5% in the work area. Local exhaust ventilation is preferred, because it prevents Acetylene dispersion into the work
place by eliminating it at its source. If appropriate, install automatic monitoring equipment to detect the level of oxygen
and the presence of potentially explosive air-gas mixtures.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Maintain oxygen levels above 19.5% in the workplace. Use supplied air respiratory
protection if oxygen levels are below 19.5% or during emergency response to a release of Acetylene. If respiratory
protection is required, follow the requirements of the Federal OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR
1910.134), or equivalent State standards.
EYE PROTECTION: Splash goggles or safety glasses, for protection from rapidly expanding gases and splashes of the
acetone.
HAND PROTECTION: Wear mechanically-resistant gloves when handling cylinders of Acetylene. Wear Solvex or
neoprene gloves if operations could lead to a potential exposure to acetone.
BODY PROTECTION: Use body protection appropriate for task. Transfer of large quantities under pressure may require
protective equipment appropriate to protect employees from splashes of liquefied product, as well as fire retardant items.
9. PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

VAPOR DENSITY (@ 0�C): 1.1716 kg/m3 (0.073 lb/ft3) pH: Not applicable.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (air = 1): 0.906 FREEZING POINT (@ 10 psig): -84°C (-119�F)
SOLUBILITY IN WATER @0�C (32�F) 1 atm: 1.7 vol/vol BOILING POINT: -75°C (-103�F)
EVAPORATION RATE (nBuAc = 1): Not applicable. EXPANSION RATIO: Not applicable.
ODOR THRESHOLD (Detection): 226 ppm VAPOR PRESSURE (psia): 649.6
COEFFICIENT WATER/OIL DISTRIBUTION: Not applicable. SPECIFIC VOLUME (ft3/lb): 14.7
APPEARANCE AND COLOR: Colorless gas with a garlic-like, odor dissolved in acetone.
HOW TO DETECT THIS SUBSTANCE (warning properties): There are no distinct warning properties. In terms of leak
detection, fittings and joints can be painted with a soap solution to detect leaks, which will be indicated by a bubble
formation.
10. STABILITY and REACTIVITY

STABILITY: Acetylene is stable at standard temperatures and pressures. Gaseous acetylene may decompose violently
at elevated temperatures and pressures. Acetylene must not be used at pressures greater than 15 psig. The higher the
pressure, the more likely it is for a reaction to occur.
DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Carbon and hydrogen. When ignited in the presence of oxygen, carbon monoxide
and carbon dioxide are formed.
PAGE 5 OF 9

10. STABILITY and REACTIVITY (Continued)
MATERIALS WITH WHICH SUBSTANCE IS INCOMPATIBLE: Acetylene is not compatible with the following materials.
Strong oxidizers (e.g. chlorine, bromine pentafluoride, oxygen, oxygen difluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride), brass (with a
copper content exceeding 65%), calcium hypochlorite, various heavy metals (copper, silver, mercury) and the salts of
these metals, halogens (bromine, chlorine, iodine, fluorine), hydrides (e.g. sodium hydride, cesium hydride), ozone,
perchloric acid; potassium.
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Can occur when heated or under pressure.
CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Contact with incompatible materials and exposure to heat, sparks and other sources of
ignition. Cylinders exposed to high temperatures or direct flame can rupture or burst. Liquid nitrogen should not be used
as a trap, as it may cause acetylene to condense to its liquid or solid state, both of which are explosive.
PART IV Is there any other useful information about this material?
11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

TOXICITY DATA: The following information is for Acetylene.
TCLo (inhalation, human) = 20 pph; central nervous system, respiratory system effects.
LCLo (inhalation, human) = 50 pph/5 minutes
LCLo (inhalation, human) = 500,000 ppm/5 minutes
Other data pertaining to the effects of Acetylene inhalation on humans are as follows:
Concentration Symptom
100,000 ppm Intoxication (drowsiness, dizziness, giddiness).
200,000 ppm Severe intoxication.
300,000 ppm Loss of coordination.
350,000 ppm Unconsciousness after 5 minutes of exposure.
Effects on Short-Term Inhalation: Animals have shown tolerance to 10% Acetylene. In studies with dogs, cats, and rabbits, Acetylene acts as
an anesthetic at 20% exposure. Recovery occurs if the oxygen level is maintained. In an oxygen-deficient environment, death may occur after 5-10
minutes. Rodents exposed to 25, 50, and 80 percent Acetylene in oxygen for 1-2 hours daily (93 hours total exposure), evidenced no weight change
or cellular damage. Mixtures of 80% Acetylene/20% oxygen caused a rise in blood pressure in an exposed cat.
SUSPECTED CANCER AGENT: Acetylene is not found on the following lists: FEDERAL OSHA Z LIST, NTP, IARC,
CAL/OSHA, and therefore is not considered to be, nor suspected to be a cancer-causing agent by these agencies.
IRRITANCY OF PRODUCT: Acetylene is not irritating; however, contact with the acetone component of Acetylene can
be slightly irritating to contaminated skin or eyes.
SENSITIZATION TO THE PRODUCT: Acetylene is not known to cause sensitization in humans.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY INFORMATION: Listed below is information concerning the effects Acetylene on the
human reproductive system.
Mutagenicity: No mutagenicity effects have been described for Acetylene.
Embryotoxcity: No embryotoxic effects have been described for Acetylene.
Teratogenicity: No teratogenicity effects have been described for Acetylene.
Reproductive Toxicity: No reproductive toxicity effects have been described for Acetylene.
A mutagen is a chemical which causes permanent changes to genetic material (DNA) such that the changes will
propagate through generation lines. An embryotoxin is a chemical which causes damage to a developing embryo (i.e.
within the first eight weeks of pregnancy in humans), but the damage does not propagate across generational lines. A
teratogen is a chemical which causes damage to a developing fetus, but the damage does not propagate across
generational lines. A reproductive toxin is any substance which interferes in any way with the reproductive process.
MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE: Acute or chronic respiratory conditions may be aggravated
by overexposure to the components of Acetylene.
BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES (BEIs): Currently, Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) are not applicable for this
gas.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO PHYSICIANS: Administer oxygen, if necessary. Treat symptoms and eliminate exposure.
PAGE 6 OF 9

12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY: This gas will be dissipated rapidly in well-ventilated areas. The following environmental
data are available for this gas.
ACETYLENE: Water Solubility = 100 vol./100 vol. at 18 EC. Acetylene is not expected to be harmful to aquatic life. Only moderately toxic to fish.
Volatility and low solubility suggest it would be rare for water to become critically polluted from accidental releases. Acetylene is biodegraded
through various plant and bacterial systems by inactivating atmospheric acetylene through their nitrogen- fixing mechanisms.
EFFECT OF MATERIAL ON PLANTS or ANIMALS: Any adverse effect on animals would be related to oxygen deficient
environments and the anesthetic properties of Acetylene at high concentrations of exposure. The following data are
available for effects on plant-life:
Sweet pea: declination in seedling: 250 ppm, 3 days
Tomato: Epinasty in petiole: 50 ppm, 2 days.
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL ON AQUATIC LIFE: The following aquatic toxicity data are available for Acetylene.
LC50 (river trout): 33 hours, 200 mg/L
13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

PREPARING WASTES FOR DISPOSAL: Product removed from the cylinder must be disposed of in accordance with
appropriate Federal, State, and local regulations. Return cylinders with residual product to the manufacturer. Do not
dispose of locally.
14. TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION

THIS MATERIAL IS HAZARDOUS AS DEFINED BY 49 CFR 172.101 BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION.
PROPER SHIPPING NAME: Acetylene, dissolved
HAZARD CLASS NUMBER and DESCRIPTION: 2.1 (Flammable Gas)
UN IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: UN 1001
PACKING GROUP: Not Applicable
DOT LABEL(S) REQUIRED: Flammable Gas
NORTH AMERICAN EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK NUMBER (2000): 116
MARINE POLLUTANT: Acetylene is not classified by the DOT as a Marine Pollutant (as defined by 49 CFR 172.101,
Appendix B).
TRANSPORT CANADA TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS REGULATIONS: THIS MATERIAL IS
CONSIDERED AS DANGEROUS GOODS. Use the above information for the preparation of Canadian Shipments.
15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

U.S. SARA REPORTING REQUIREMENTS: Acetylene is not subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 302,
304, and 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act.
U.S. SARA THRESHOLD PLANNING QUANTITY: Not applicable.
U.S. CERCLA REPORTABLE QUANTITY (RQ): Not applicable.
CANADIAN DSL/NDSL INVENTORY STATUS: Acetylene is on the DSL Inventory.
U.S. TSCA INVENTORY STATUS: Acetylene is on the TSCA Inventory.

OTHER U.S. FEDERAL REGULATIONS: Acetylene is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 112(r) of the
Clean Air Act, unless used as a fuel. The Threshold Quantity for this gas is 10,000 lb. Depending on specific operations
involving the use of Acetylene, the regulations of the Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals may
be applicable (29 CFR 1910.119). Under this regulation Acetylene is not listed in Appendix A, however, any process that
involves a flammable gas on-site, in one location, in quantities of 10,000 lb (4,553 kg) or greater is covered under this
regulation unless it is used as a fuel.
PAGE 7 OF 9

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION (Continued)
U.S. STATE REGULATORY INFORMATION: Acetylene is covered under specific State regulations, as denoted below:
Alaska - Designated Toxic and Hazardous Michigan - Critical Materials Register: No. Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance List:
Substances: Acetylene. Minnesota - List of Hazardous Acetylene.
California - Permissible Exposure Limits Substances: Acetylene. Rhode Island - Hazardous Substance List:
for Chemical Contaminants: Missouri - Employer Information/Toxic Acetylene.
Acetylene. Substance List: Acetylene. Texas - Hazardous Substance List: No.
Florida - Substance List: Acetylene. New Jersey - Right to Know Hazardous West Virginia - Hazardous Substance List:
Illinois - Toxic Substance List: Acetylene. Substance List: Acetylene. No.
Kansas - Section 302/313 List: No. North Dakota - List of Hazardous Wisconsin - Toxic and Hazardous
Massachusetts - Substance List: Chemicals, Reportable Quantities: No. Substances: No.
Acetylene.
CALIFORNIA SAFE DRINKING WATER AND TOXIC ENFORCEMENT ACT (PROPOSITION 65): Acetylene is
not on the California Proposition 65 lists.
LABELING:
DANGER: FLAMMABLE GAS UNDER PRESSURE.
CAN FORM EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES WITH AIR.
FUSIBLE PLUGS ON TOP, BOTTOM, OR VALVE MELT AT 208 �F (98-104 �C).
DO NOT DISCHARGE AT PRESSURES ABOVE 15 PSIG (103 kPa)
ODOR: Garlic-like.
Keep away from heat, flames, and sparks.
Store and use width adequate ventilation.
Use equipment rated for cylinder pressure.
Close valve after each use and when empty.
Use in accordance with the Material Safety Data Sheet.
NOTE: Cylinder contains acetone solvent, which may cause irritation.

DO NOT REMOVE THIS PRODUCT LABEL
CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS: Class A: Compressed Gases

Class B1: Flammable Gas
16. OTHER INFORMATION

PREPARED BY:
The information contained herein is based on data considered accurate. However, no warranty is expressed or implied regarding the accuracy of these data or
the results to be obtained from the use thereof. Anycompany, Inc. assumes no responsibility for injury to the vendee or third persons proximately caused by the
material if reasonable safety procedures are not adhered to as stipulated in the data sheet. Additionally, Anycompany, Inc. assumes no responsibility for injury to
vendee or third persons proximately caused by abnormal use of the material even if reasonable safety procedures are followed. Furthermore, vendee assumes
the risk in his use of the material.
PAGE 8 OF 9

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
A large number of abbreviations and acronyms appear on a MSDS. Some of these which are commonly used include the following:
CAS #: This is the Chemical Abstract Service Number which uniquely identifies each constituent. It is used for computer-related searching.
EXPOSURE LIMITS IN AIR: FLAMMABILITY LIMITS IN AIR:

ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental Industrial Much of the information related to fire and explosion is derived from
Hygienists, a professional association which establishes exposure the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Flash Point -
limits. Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to
TLV - Threshold Limit Value - an airborne concentration of a form an ignitable mixture with air. Autoignition Temperature: The
substance which represents conditions under which it is generally minimum temperature required to initiate combustion in air with no
believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed without other source of ignition. LEL - the lowest percent of vapor in air, by
adverse effect. The duration must be considered, including the 8- volume, that will explode or ignite in the presence of an ignition
hour Time Weighted Average (TWA), the 15-minute Short Term source. UEL - the highest percent of vapor in air, by volume, that will
Exposure Limit, and the instantaneous Ceiling Level (C). Skin explode or ignite in the presence of an ignition source.
absorption effects must also be considered.
OSHA - U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION:
PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit - This exposure value means Possible health hazards as derived from human data, animal
exactly the same as a TLV, except that it is enforceable by OSHA. studies, or from the results of studies with similar compounds are
The OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits are based in the 1989 presented. Definitions of some terms used in this section are: LD50 -
PELs and the June, 1993 Air Contaminants Rule (Federal Register: Lethal Dose (solids & liquids) which kills 50% of the exposed
58: 35338-35351 and 58: 40191). Both the current PELs and the animals; LC50 - Lethal Concentration (gases) which kills 50% of the
vacated PELs are indicated. The phrase, “Vacated 1989 PEL,” is exposed animals; ppm concentration expressed in parts of material
3
placed next to the PEL which was vacated by Court Order. per million parts of air or water; mg/m concentration expressed in
IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health - This level weight of substance per volume of air; mg/kg quantity of material, by
represents a concentration from which one can escape within 30- weight, administered to a test subject, based on their body weight in
minutes without suffering escape-preventing or permanent injury. kg. Data from several sources are used to evaluate the cancer-
The DFG - MAK is the Republic of Germany’s Maximum Exposure causing potential of the material. The sources are: IARC - the
Level, similar to the U.S. PEL. NIOSH is the National Institute of International Agency for Research on Cancer; NTP - the National
Occupational Safety and Health, which is the research arm of the Toxicology Program, RTECS - the Registry of Toxic Effects of
U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Chemical Substances, OSHA and CAL/OSHA. IARC and NTP rate
NIOSH issues exposure guidelines called Recommended Exposure chemicals on a scale of decreasing potential to cause human cancer
Levels (RELs). When no exposure guidelines are established, an with rankings from 1 to 4. Subrankings (2A, 2B, etc.) are also used.
entry of NE is made for reference. Other measures of toxicity include TDLo, the lowest dose to cause a
symptom and TCLo the lowest concentration to cause a symptom;
HAZARD RATINGS: TDo, LDLo, and LDo, or TC, TCo, LCLo, and LCo, the lowest
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM: Health dose (or concentration) to cause lethal or toxic effects. BEI -
Hazard: 0 (minimal acute or chronic exposure hazard); 1 (slight Biological Exposure Indices, represent the levels of determinants
acute or chronic exposure hazard); 2 (moderate acute or significant which are most likely to be observed in specimens collected from a
chronic exposure hazard); 3 (severe acute exposure hazard; onetime healthy worker who has been exposed to chemicals to the same
overexposure can result in permanent injury and may be fatal); 4 extent as a worker with inhalation exposure to the TLV. Ecological
(extreme acute exposure hazard; onetime overexposure can be Information: EC is the effect concentration in water.
fatal). Flammability Hazard: 0 (minimal hazard); 1 (materials that
require substantial pre-heating before burning); 2 (combustible liquid REGULATORY INFORMATION:
or solids; liquids with a flash point of 38-93�C [100-200�F]); 3 (Class This section explains the impact of various laws and regulations on
IB and IC flammable liquids with flash points below 38�C [100�F]); 4 the material. EPA is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
WHMIS is the Canadian Workplace Hazardous Materials
(Class IA flammable liquids with flash points below 23�C [73�F] and
Information System. DOT and TC are the U.S. Department of
boiling points below 38�C [100�F]. Reactivity Hazard: 0 (normally
Transportation and the Transport Canada, respectively. Superfund
stable); 1 (material that can become unstable at elevated
Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA); the Canadian
temperatures or which can react slightly with water); 2 (materials that
Domestic/Non-Domestic Substances List (DSL/NDSL); the U.S.
are unstable but do not detonate or which can react violently with
Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA); Marine Pollutant status
water); 3 (materials that can detonate when initiated or which can
according to the DOT; the Comprehensive Environmental
react explosively with water); 4 (materials that can detonate at normal
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or
temperatures or pressures).
Superfund); and various state regulations.
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION: Health Hazard:
0 (material that on exposure under fire conditions would offer no
hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible materials); 1 (materials
that on exposure under fire conditions could cause irritation or minor
residual injury); 2 (materials that on intense or continued exposure
under fire conditions could cause temporary incapacitation or
possible residual injury); 3 (materials that can on short exposure
could cause serious temporary or residual injury); 4 (materials that
under very short exposure could cause death or major residual
injury). Flammability Hazard and Reactivity Hazard: Refer to
definitions for “Hazardous Materials Identification System”.
PAGE 9 OF 9

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: Ammonia is a pungent-smelling, toxic, corrosive, non-flammable gas having a

suffocating odor. Ammonia is shipped both as a gas and a liquefied gas under its own vapor pressure. The gas can
burn and damage eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and any other exposed tissue. Inhalation can cause coughing and
breathing difficulty. Overexposure to this gas may be fatal. Contact with rapidly expanding gases, or contact with the
liquid, may cause frostbite. This gas is lighter than air. Although labeled as a non-flammable gas, it can burn. Ammonia
is not readily ignited, but explosions of Ammonia in confined spaces have been reported. Vapor clouds of the gas may
be controlled using a water fog. Persons who respond to releases of Ammonia must protect themselves from
inhalation of the Ammonia gases and mists, especially in areas which are downwind of the release. Extreme caution
must be used when responding to releases.
SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXPOSURE BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE: The most significant route of overexposure for this
gas is by inhalation. The following paragraphs describe symptoms of exposure by route of exposure.
AMMONIA - GAS AMMONIA - LIQUID

INHALATION:
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INFORMATION HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INFORMATION
SYSTEM Inhalation of SYSTEM
Ammonia vapors
or gases may lead
HEALTH (BLUE) 3 to irritation of the HEALTH (BLUE) 3
nose and throat.
Exposures to high
concentrations of
FLAMMABILITY (RED) 1 Ammonia gas can
lead to symptoms
FLAMMABILITY (RED) 1
such as coughing,
labored breathing,
REACTIVITY (YELLOW) 0
sore throat, and in
some instances,
REACTIVITY (YELLOW) 0
chemical pneum-
onitis and pulmo-
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT H nary edema. High PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT H
concentrations of
EYES RESPIRATORY HANDS BODY
Ammonia gas may EYES RESPIRATORY HANDS BODY
cause an oxygen
deficient atmo-
SEE SECTION 8 sphere. SEE SECTION 8
For routine industrial applications For routine industrial applications
See Section 16 for Definition of Ratings

Exposure to high concentrations may cause unconsciousness, and under some circumstances, death. Exposure to the
eyes may cause temporary blindness, leading to permanent vision impairment.
Repeated Ammonia overexposures by inhalation can result in emphysema. The symptoms associated with specific
Ammonia concentrations are as follows:
CONCENTRATION SYMPTOM(s)
0.6 - 53 ppm Odor threshold.
25 - 50 ppm Irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes, which can be tolerated
for several hours.
100 - 150 ppm Immediate irritation of the throat, which may be tolerated for an hour.
400 - 700 ppm Immediate, severe irritation of the respiratory system and eyes occurs.
> 5000 ppm This level of exposure may result in rapid death due to suffocation or fluid in the lungs.
Exposure to concentrations in excess of 5000 ppm may cause laryngeal spasms, resulting in death.
Contact with Liquid Ammonia may cause immediate, severe chemical burns as well as frostbite, and all of the symptoms
described for overexposure to the gas.
AMMONIA NH3 MSDS (Document # 001003)

PAGE 2 OF 11
FOR3. TRAINING USE ONLY
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (Continued)
CONTACT WITH SKIN or EYES: Contact of the liquid (or gaseous product or the mist produced by Ammonia), with the
skin can lead to severe burns or dermatitis (red, cracked, irritated skin), depending upon concentration and duration of
exposure. Contact of the liquid (or gaseous product or the mist produced by Ammonia), with the eyes can cause pain,
redness, and prolonged exposure could cause blindness. Contact with the undiluted liquid will cause frostbite, ulceration
of the skin (which may be delayed in appearance for several hours), blistering, and pain. Contact with the liquid or rapidly
expanding gas poses a severe frostbite hazard.
OTHER POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS: While ingestion is highly unlikely, ingestion of Ammonia can damage the
tissues of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and other tissues of the digestive system. Ingestion of Ammonia can be fatal.
Additionally, aspiration by inhalation is possible, causing chemical pneumonia or death.
HEALTH EFFECTS OR RISKS FROM EXPOSURE: An Explanation in Lay Terms. Overexposure to Ammonia may
ACUTE: This gas is extremely corrosive, and can burn and damage eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and any other
exposed tissue. If inhaled, irritation of the respiratory system may occur, with coughing, and breathing difficulty.
Overexposure to this gas may be fatal. Though unlikely to occur during occupational use, ingestion of large quantities
may be fatal.
CHRONIC: Persistent irritation may result from repeated exposures to this gas. Repeated Ammonia overexposures by
inhalation can result in emphysema. See Section 11 (Toxicological Information) for additional information.
TARGET ORGANS: Respiratory system, skin, eyes.

RESCUERS SHOULD NOT ATTEMPT TO RETRIEVE VICTIMS OF EXPOSURE TO AMMONIA
Breathing Apparatus Personal Protective equipment should be worn. If necessary, fire
protection should be provided.
In case of frostbite, place the frostbitten part in warm water. DO NOT USE HOT WATER. If warm water is not
available, or is impractical to use, wrap the affected parts gently in blankets. Alternatively, if the fingers or hands are
frostbitten, place the affected area of the body in the armpit. Encourage victim to gently exercise the affected part while
being warmed. Seek immediate medical attention.
SKIN EXPOSURE: If Ammonia contaminates the skin, immediately begin decontamination with running water.
Minimum flushing is for 15 minutes. Remove exposed or contaminated clothing, taking care not to contaminate eyes.
Victim must seek immediate medical attention.
EYE EXPOSURE: If liquid is splashed into eyes, or if irritation of the eye develops after exposure to liquid or gas, open
victim's eyes while under gentle running water. Use sufficient force to open eyelids. Have victim "roll" eyes. Minimum
flushing is for 15 minutes.
of label and MSDS to physician or other health professional with victim(s). Refer to “Recommendations to Physicians,”
Section 11 (Toxicological Information) for additional information on first-aid measures.

PAGE 3 OF 11
FLASH POINT: Not applicable. Ammonia can be
ignited. NFPA RATING - GAS NFPA RATING - LIQUID
FLAMMABILITY FLAMMABILITY
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE: 651°C (1204°F)

1 1
FLAMMABLE LIMITS (in air by volume, %):
Lower (LEL): 15.0% HEALTH 3 0 REACTIVITY HEALTH 3 0 REACTIVITY
Upper (UEL): 28.0%

FIRE EXTINGUISHING MATERIALS:
Water Spray: YES Carbon Dioxide: YES
OTHER OTHER
Foam: YES Halon: YES
Dry Chemical: YES Other: Any "ABC” Class. See Section 16 for Definition of Ratings
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Ammonia is a toxic, corrosive gas and presents an extreme hazard to
firefighters. In the event of fire, cool containers of Ammonia with water to prevent failure. Use a water spray or fog to
reduce or direct vapors. Do not direct a water spray at the source of a release. This gas may ignite explosively, if
released near an active fire. Ammonia is lighter than air, but conditions associated with a release can cause it to
accumulate in low-lying areas.
Explosion Sensitivity to Mechanical Impact: Not sensitive.
Explosion Sensitivity to Static Discharge: There is insufficient information to classify Ammonia as to its sensitivity to static
discharge.
SPECIAL FIRE-FIGHTING PROCEDURES: Incipient fire responders should wear eye protection. Structural firefighters
must wear Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus and full protective equipment. Move fire-exposed cylinders if it can be
done without risk to firefighters. Otherwise, cool containers with hose stream and protect personnel. Withdraw
immediately in case of rising sounds from venting safety device or any discoloration of tanks due to the fire. If Ammonia
is involved in a fire, fire runoff water should be contained to prevent possible environmental damage.

procedures. Proper protective equipment should be used. In case of a large release, clear the affected area, protect
people, and respond with trained personnel. Call CHEMTREC (1-800-424-9300) for emergency assistance. Eliminate
sources of ignition. Supply maximum possible ventilation with explosion-proof equipment.
Minimum Personal Protective Equipment should be Level A: triple-gloves (neoprene rubber gloves and nitrile
gloves, over latex or N-Dex  gloves), fully-encapsulating chemical resistant suit and boots, hard-hat, and Self
Contained Breathing Apparatus. Large releases of Ammonia will be evident by the cloud of ammonia hydroxide mist
which is formed. Small releases of Ammonia can be detected by means of an atomizer or squeeze bottle filled with
concentrated hydrochloric acid, where a white cloud will show the location of the leak, or with wet pH paper, which will
turn blue. Attempt to close the main source valve prior to entering the area. If this does not stop the release (or it is not
possible to reach the valve), allow the gas to release in place or remove it to a safe area and allow the gas to be released
there. Monitor the surrounding area for Ammonia gas and oxygen levels. The Ammonia level must be below 25 ppm
AND the atmosphere must have at least 19.5 percent oxygen before personnel can be allowed in the area without Self-
Contained Breathing Apparatus.
If possible stop the gas flow at the source. A water fog or mist can be used to control the vapor cloud resulting from the
release.
THIS IS A CORROSIVE GAS. Protection of all personnel and the area must be maintained. All responders must be
adequately protected from exposure.
PART III How can I prevent hazardous situations from occurring?

WORK PRACTICES AND HYGIENE PRACTICES: As with all chemicals, avoid getting Ammonia ON YOU or IN YOU.
Wash hands after handling chemicals. Do not eat or drink while handling chemicals. All work practices should minimize
the release of Ammonia. Be aware of any signs of effects of exposure indicated in Section 3 (Hazard Identification);
exposures to fatal concentrations of Ammonia could occur rapidly.

PAGE 4 OF 11
FOR7. HANDLING
TRAINING USE ONLY
STORAGE AND HANDLING PRACTICES: All employees who handle this material should be trained to handle it safely.
Avoid breathing the gas or sprays or mists generated by Ammonia. Store containers in a cool, dry location, away from
direct sunlight, sources of intense heat, or where freezing is possible. Use only compatible materials for cylinders,
process lines, and other Ammonia-handling equipment. Lines should be purged with dry nitrogen both before and after
maintenance activity. Copper, tin, zinc and their alloys are not suitable materials for use with Ammonia. Keep container
tightly-closed when not in use. Keep cylinders away from incompatible material. Wash thoroughly after using this
material. Workers must be thoroughly trained to handle Ammonia without causing overexposure. Periodic inspections of
process equipment by knowledgeable persons should be made to ensure that the equipment is used appropriately and
the system is kept in suitable operating condition. Ammonia emergency equipment should be available near the point of
use.
• Workers who handle Ammonia should wear protective clothing, as listed in Section 8 (Exposure Controls - Personal
Protection).
• Instant-acting showers should be available in the event of an emergency.
• Special eye-wash fountains or similar equipment should be available for eye irrigation.
• Proper respiratory protection equipment must be provided and workers using such equipment must be carefully
trained in its operation and limitations.
• Precautions must always be taken to prevent suck-back of foreign materials into the cylinder by using a check-valve,
vacuum break, or trap, since suck-back may cause dangerous pressure changes within the cylinder.
• The cylinder valve should be closed after each use.
• Determine Cylinder contents by weight. The tare weight of the cylinder is stamped on the cylinder.
are stored to exceed 52°C (125°F). Isolate from incompatible materials (see Section 10, Stability and Reactivity) for
more information). Use a check valve or trap in the discharge line to prevent hazardous backflow. Never tamper with
pressure relief devices in valves and cylinders. Electrical equipment should be non-sparking or explosion proof. The
following rules are applicable to work situations in which cylinders are being used:
Before Use: Move cylinders with suitable hand-truck. Secure cylinders firmly. Leave the valve protection cap in place
until cylinder is ready for use.
During Use: Use designated regulators, CGA fittings, and other support equipment. Do not use adapters. Do not use
oil or grease on gas handling fittings or equipment. All equipment must be properly grounded and bonded.
Ammonia cylinders should never be directly connected to a vessel containing a liquid since suck-back may occur causing
a violent reaction within the cylinder. To prevent suck-back, a trap, check valve or vacuum break should be inserted into
the line. The trap should be of adequate size to take the total liquid volume sucked-back.
The rate of gas flow can be increased by improving air circulation about the container or by increasing the temperature of
the room if it is below normal. Never apply heat directly to the cylinder for any reason. Do not manifold cylinders to
increase output unless check valves have been inserted at the cylinder outputs to prevent exchange of material from one
cylinder to another, causing a cylinder to become over-full.
Hoisting of cylinders is not recommended. If hoisting cannot be avoided, always use a lifting clamp, cradle, or carrier --
never use a lifting magnet, rope, or chain spring. Do not store Ammonia cylinders near cylinders of hydrogen, acetylene,
fuel gases, ether, turpentine, hydrocarbons, organic matter, or finely-divided metals. Never mix Ammonia with other
gases in the cylinder. Do not store Ammonia cylinders near elevators or gangways or in locations where heavy objects
may fall and strike them.
Open cylinder valves slowly. The use of large wrenches or pipe wrenches will damage the valve. One complete turn of
the valve stem in a counter-clockwise direction opens the valve sufficiently to permit maximum discharge. “Empty”
containers still contain Ammonia gas, and should be handled with all precautions described in this MSDS.
If leaks develop in Ammonia lines, they must be given prompt attention because they will become progressively worse.
Refer to Section 6 (Accidental Release Measures) for release response protocol.
After Use: Close main cylinder valve. Replace valve protection cap (where provided). Mark empty cylinders “EMPTY”.
NOTE: Use only DOT or ASME code containers designed for storage. Earth-ground and bond all lines and equipment
associated with Ammonia. Close valve after each use and when empty. Cylinders must not be recharged except by or
with the consent of owner. For additional information refer to the Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet P-1, Safe
Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers. Additionally, refer to CGA Bulletin SB-2 “Oxygen Deficient

PAGE 5 OF 11
FOR7. HANDLING
TRAINING USE ONLY
TANK CAR SHIPMENTS: Tank cars carrying Ammonia should be loaded and unloaded in strict accordance with tank-car
manufacturer’s recommendations and all established on-site safety procedures. Appropriate personal protective equipment
must be used during tank car operations (see Section 8). All loading and unloading equipment must be inspected, prior to each
use. Loading and unloading operations must be attended, at all times. Tank cars must be level and wheels must be locked or
blocked prior to loading or unloading. Tank car (for loading) or storage tank (for unloading) must be verified to be correct for
receiving Ammonia and be properly prepared, prior to starting the transfer operations. Hoses must be verified to be clean and
free of incompatible chemicals, prior to connection to the tank car or vessel. Valves and hoses must be verified to be in the
correct positions, before starting transfer operations. A sample (if required) must be taken and verified (if required) prior to
starting transfer operations. All lines must be blown-down and purged before disconnecting them from the tank car or vessel.

VENTILATION AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Use with adequate ventilation. A hood with forced ventilation is
preferable. Because of the high hazard associated with Ammonia, stringent control measures such as a gas cabinet
enclosure or isolation may be necessary. Ductwork should be constructed of non-metallic material, or should be lined to
resist corrosion. If necessary, install automatic monitoring devices for Ammonia and oxygen.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Maintain airborne contaminant concentrations below exposure limits listed in Section 2
(Composition and Information on Ingredients). If respiratory protection is needed, use only protection authorized in 29
CFR 1910.134, or applicable State regulations. Use supplied-air respiration protection during emergency response
procedures to releases. The following NIOSH respiratory protection recommendations for Ammonia are provided for
additional information.
CONCENTRATION RESPIRATORY EQUIPMENT
Up to 250 ppm: Chemical cartridge respirator or Supplied Air Respirator (SAR).
Up to 300 ppm: SAR in the continuous flow mode, or a Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR) with
Ammonia cartridges, or full-facepiece chemical cartridge respirator with Ammonia cartridge,
or a gas mask with an Ammonia canister, or full-facepiece Self-Contained Breathing
Apparatus (SCBA), or full-facepiece SAR.
Emergency or Planned Entry into Unknown Concentration or IDLH Conditions: Positive pressure, full-facepiece SCBA or
positive pressure, full-facepiece SAR with an auxiliary positive pressure SCBA.
Escape: Gas mask with canister to protect against Ammonia or escape-type SCBA
EYE PROTECTION: Splash goggles or safety glasses and face shield.
HAND PROTECTION: Wear Neoprene Rubber gloves for industrial use. Use triple gloves for spill response (see
Section 6 Accidental Release Measures).
BODY PROTECTION: Use body protection appropriate for task. An apron, or other impermeable body protection is
suggested. Full-body chemical protective clothing is recommended for emergency response procedures.
PROTECTION FOR TANK CAR OPERATIONS: Splash-suit, gloves, goggles, face-shield, boots and hard-hat should be
worn during operations involving tank-cars or trucks containing Ammonia.
HAND PROTECTION: Wear mechanical resistant gloves when handling cylinders of Ammonia.
BODY PROTECTION: Use body protection appropriate for task. Transfer of large quantities under pressure may
require protective equipment appropriate to protect employees from splashes of liquefied product, as well provide
sufficient insulation from extreme cold.

VAPOR DENSITY @32°F: 0.77 kg/m3 (0.048 lb/ft3) EVAPORATION RATE (nBuAc = 1): Not applicable.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (air = 1): 0.594 FREEZING POINT: -77°C (-107°F)
SOLUBILITY IN WATER: 84% BOILING POINT @ 1 atm: -33.4°C (-28.2°F)
ODOR THRESHOLD: 0.6 - 53 ppm (detection) VAPOR PRESSURE (psia): 128.8
SPECIFIC VOLUME (ft3/lb): 22.6 EXPANSION RATIO: Not applicable.

PAGE 6 OF 11
9. PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (Continued)
COEFFICIENT WATER/OIL DISTRIBUTION: Not applicable.
pH: Not applicable. (A 1% solution in water will have a pH > 13)
APPEARANCE AND COLOR: Ammonia is a pungent-smelling, toxic, corrosive gas having a suffocating odor. This gas
is lighter than air and fumes strongly in moist air, producing a cloud of ammonium hydroxide mist.
HOW TO DETECT THIS SUBSTANCE (warning properties): The odor and dense appearance of this gas are distinctive
warning properties associated with Ammonia.

STABILITY: Stable.
CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Ammonia does not decompose, but reacts with water to form ammonium hydroxide.
MATERIALS WITH WHICH SUBSTANCE IS INCOMPATIBLE: Ammonia is not compatible with most metals, acids, or
oxidizers. Ammonia can form explosive compounds with mercury, gold or silver compounds or the elements. Ammonia
reacts violently with tellurium tetrabromide and tetrachloride, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, or the interhalogen compounds,
and with acid halides, ethylene oxide, and hypochlorites (including household bleach). Poisoning or death can occur if
ammonia (or ammonia-containing products) are mixed with household bleach.
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Will not occur.
CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Extreme heat, fire, or contact with incompatible chemicals.

TOXICITY DATA: The following information is for Ammonia (gas):
LCLo (inhalation, human) = 30000 ppm/ 5 LCLo (inhalation, rat) = 2000 ppm/4 hours LCLo (inhalation, rabbit) = 7000 ppm/1 hour
minutes LCLo (inhalation, cat) = 7000 ppm/1 hour Mutation in microorganisms (Escherichia coli)
TCLo (inhalation, human) = 20 ppm; irritation TCLo (inhalation, cat) = 1000 ppm/10 = 1500 ppm/3 hours
LDLo (unknown, man) = 132 mg/kg minutes Cytogenic Analysis (rat, inhalation) = 19,800
3
LD50 (oral, rat) = 350 mg/kg LCLo (inhalation, mammal) = 5000 ppm/5 µg/m /16 weeks
minutes LD50 (inhalation, mouse) = 4837 ppm/1 hour
SUSPECTED CANCER AGENT: Ammonia is not found on the following lists: FEDERAL OSHA Z LIST, NTP,
CAL/OSHA or IARC and therefore is not considered to be, nor suspected to be a cancer-causing agent by these
agencies.
IRRITANCY OF PRODUCT: Ammonia is severely irritating to contaminated tissue.
SENSITIZATION OF PRODUCT: Ammonia contains no known sensitizer with repeated of prolonged contact.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY INFORMATION: Listed below is information concerning the effects of Ammonia on the
Mutagenicity: Ammonia has not been reported to cause mutagenic effects in humans. Ammonia has been reported to
cause mutagenic effects in specific animal tissues during experimental studies with exposures at relatively high doses.
Embryotoxicity: Ammonia has not been reported to cause embryotoxic effects
Teratogenicity: Ammonia has not been reported to cause teratogenic effects.
Reproductive Toxicity: Ammonia is not expected to cause adverse reproductive effects in humans.
MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE: Conditions relating to the target organs may be aggravated
by overexposures to Ammonia. See Section 3 (Hazard Identification) for information on these conditions.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO PHYSICIANS: Treat symptoms, administer lung function tests and possible chest x-rays.
Reduce overexposure. Delayed pulmonary edema may occur, following overexposure by inhalation.
BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES (BEIs): Currently, Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) are not applicable for
Ammonia.

PAGE 7 OF 11
ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY: Ammonia is stable and found naturally in the environment (sources include volcanoes).
All work practices should be aimed at eliminating environmental contamination. Additional environmental information for
Ammonia is available as follows:
AMMONIA: Water Solubility: 47% in water at 0EC; 34% in water at 20EC; 28% in water at 31EC. BIOCONCENTRATION: Plants have a high
affinity for gaseous ammonia when leaf stomata are open in daylight. BIODEGRADATION: Ammonia is rapidly converted to nitrate by
nitrification.
EFFECT OF MATERIAL ON PLANTS or ANIMALS: Due to the corrosive nature of Ammonia, animals exposed to this
product will experience tissue damage, burns, and may be killed. Oxygen displacement can also be a factor in the
toxicity of Ammonia. Plants contaminated with Ammonia may be adversely affected or destroyed.
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL ON AQUATIC LIFE: Ammonia is very soluble in water, and even low concentrations of
Ammonia in water is detrimental to aquatic life. If a release of Ammonia occurs near a river or other body of water, the
release has the potential to kill fish and other aquatic life. Additional aquatic toxicity information is available for Ammonia
as follows:
LC (goldfish, yellow perch) = 2.0-2.5 LC50 (walking catfish) = 0.28 mg/L/48 LC50 (Micropterus salmoides) = >0.21-1.7
ppm/1-4 days hours mg/L, 96 hours
LC100 (crayfish) = 60-80 ppm/3 days LC50 (Salmo trutta) = >0.15 mg/L, 0.6-0.9 LC50 (Notropis lutrensis) = 0.9-1.1 mg/L,
TLm (fathead minnow) = 8.2 ppm/96 hours mg/L / 18 hours, 96 hours 96 hours
LC50 (coho salmon) = 0.45 mg/L/96 hours LC50 (Salvelinus fontinalis) = 0.96-1.05 LC50 (Mugli cephalus) = 1.2-2.4 mg/L, 96
LC50 (guppy fry) = 1.2-74 mg/L/72 hours mg/L, 96 hours hours
LC50 (cutthroat trout fry, Salmo clarki) = LC50 (Catostomus platyrhynchos) = 0.67- LC50 (Morone americana) = 0.52-2.13
0.5-0.8 mg/L/96 hours 0.82 mg/L, 96 hours mg/L, 96 hours
LC50 (rainbow trout: fertilized egg, alevins LC50 (Oimephales promelas) = 0.73-3.4 LC50 (Notropis spilopterus) = 1.2-1.35
(0-50 days old), fry (85 days old), mg/L, 96 hours mg/L, 96 hours
adults) = >3.58, >3.58, 0.068, 0.097 LC50 (Catostmus commersoni) = 0.79-1.4 LC50 (Lepomis cyanellus) = 0.6-2.1 mg/L,
mg/L/24 hours mg/L, 96 hours 96 hours
LC50 (Lepomis macrochirus) = 0.26-4.6 LC50 (Lepomis gibbosus) = 0.14-0.86
mg/L, 96 hours mg/L, 96 hours
LC50 (Lepomis macrochirus) = 0.024-2.3
mg/L, 48 hours

PREPARING WASTES FOR DISPOSAL: Product removed from the cylinder must be disposed of in accordance with
appropriate Federal, State, and local regulations. Return cylinders with residual product to Anycompany. Do not dispose
locally.

TRANSPORTATION.
For U.S. Domestic Shipments:
PROPER SHIPPING NAME: Ammonia, anhydrous
HAZARD CLASS NUMBER and DESCRIPTION: 2.2 (Non-Flammable Gas)
DOT LABEL(S) REQUIRED: Non-Flammable Gas
MARINE POLLUTANT: Ammonia is not designated by the Department of Transportation to be a Marine Pollutant (49
CFR 172.101, Appendix B).
CONSIDERED AS DANGEROUS GOODS. Use the above following for the preparation of Canadian Shipments.
PROPER SHIPPING NAME: Ammonia, anhydrous
HAZARD CLASS NUMBER and DESCRIPTION: 2.4 (Corrosive Gas); 9.2 (Substance hazardous to the environment)
DOT LABEL(S) REQUIRED: Poison Gas, Corrosive

PAGE 8 OF 11
14. TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION (Continued)
SPECIAL PROVISION: 102 (Poison-Inhalation Hazard) 109 Emergency Response Assistance Planning requirements
must be met for shipments in excess of 5 kg or liters. Placards on trucks must be changed at the border.

U.S. SARA REPORTING REQUIREMENTS: Ammonia is subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 302, 304,
and 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, as follows:
CHEMICAL NAME SARA 302 SARA 304 SARA 313
(40 CFR 355, Appendix A) (40 CFR Table 302.4) (40 CFR 372.65)
Ammonia YES YES YES
U.S. SARA THRESHOLD PLANNING QUANTITY: 500 lb.
U.S. CERCLA REPORTABLE QUANTITY (RQ): Ammonia CERCLA RQ = 100 lb; Ammonia EHS (Extremely
Hazardous Substance) RQ = 100 lb.
CANADIAN DSL/NDSL INVENTORY STATUS: Ammonia is on the DSL Inventory.
U.S. TSCA INVENTORY STATUS: Ammonia is listed on the TSCA Inventory.
OTHER U.S. FEDERAL REGULATIONS: Ammonia is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 112(r) of the
Clean Air Act. The Threshold Quantity of Ammonia is 10,000 lb. Compliance with the OSHA Process Safety Standard,
29 CFR 1910.119 may be applicable to operations involving the use of Ammonia. Under this regulation Ammonia is
listed in Appendix A. The Threshold Quantity of Ammonia under this regulation is 10,000 lb.
CALIFORNIA SAFE DRINKING WATER AND TOXIC ENFORCEMENT ACT (PROPOSITION 65): Ammonia is not on
the California Proposition 65 lists.
U.S. STATE REGULATORY INFORMATION: Ammonia is covered under the following specific State regulations:
Alaska - Designated Toxic and Michigan - Critical Materials Register: Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substances: Ammonia. No. List: Ammonia.
California - Permissible Exposure Minnesota - List of Hazardous Rhode Island - Hazardous Substance
Limits for Chemical Substances: Ammonia. List: Ammonia.
Contaminants: Ammonia. Missouri - Employer Information/Toxic Texas - Hazardous Substance List:
Florida - Substance List: Ammonia. Substance List: Ammonia. Ammonia.
Illinois - Toxic Substance List: New Jersey - Right to Know West Virginia - Hazardous Substance
Ammonia. Hazardous Substance List: List: Ammonia.
Kansas - Section 302/313 List: Ammonia. Wisconsin - Toxic and Hazardous
Ammonia. North Dakota - List of Hazardous Substances: Ammonia.
Massachusetts - Substance List: Chemicals, Reportable Quantities:
Ammonia. Ammonia.
LABELING:
DANGER: CORROSIVE LIQUID AND GAS UNDER PRESSURE.
CAN CAUSE EYE, SKIN, AND RESPIRATORY TRACT BURNS.
Avoid breathing gas.
Store and use with adequate ventilation.
Do not get in eyes, on skin or clothing.
Use only with equipment of compatible material and construction.
Cylinder temperature should not exceed 52°C (125°F).
NOTE: Suck-back into cylinder may cause rupture.
Always use a back flow preventative device in piping.
FIRST-AID: IF INHALED, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. (Rescuer may
receive chemical burns as a result of giving mouth to mouth). If breathing is difficult, give
oxygen. Call a physician. Keep under medical observation.

PAGE 9 OF 11
15. REGULATORY INFORMATION (Continued)
LABELING (continued):
IN CASE OF CONTACT, immediately flush eyes or skin with water for at least 15 minutes
while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Call a physician. Wash clothing before
reuse. (Discard contaminated shoes).
DO NOT REMOVE THIS PRODUCT LABEL.
CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS: Class A: Compressed Gas

Class E: Corrosive Material

PREPARED BY:
The information contained herein is based on data considered accurate. However, no warranty is expressed or implied regarding the accuracy of
these data or the results to be obtained from the use thereof. Assumes no responsibility for injury to the vendee or third persons
proximately caused by the material if reasonable safety procedures are not adhered to as stipulated in the data sheet. Additionally,
assumes no responsibility for injury to vendee or third persons proximately caused by abnormal use of the material even if reasonable safety
procedures are followed. Furthermore, vendee assumes the risk in his use of the material.

PAGE 10 OF 11
ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, a Much of the information related to fire and explosion is derived from the
professional association which establishes exposure limits. TLV - National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Flash Point - Minimum
Threshold Limit Value - an airborne concentration of a substance which temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable
represents conditions under which it is generally believed that nearly all mixture with air. Autoignition Temperature: The minimum temperature
workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse effect. The duration required to initiate combustion in air with no other source of ignition. LEL -
must be considered, including the 8-hour Time Weighted Average (TWA), the lowest percent of vapor in air, by volume, that will explode or ignite in
the 15-minute Short Term Exposure Limit, and the instantaneous Ceiling the presence of an ignition source. UEL - the highest percent of vapor in air,
Level (C). Skin absorption effects must also be considered. by volume, that will explode or ignite in the presence of an ignition source.
OSHA - U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. PEL -
Permissible Exposure Limit - This exposure value means exactly the same TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION:
as a TLV, except that it is enforceable by OSHA. The OSHA Permissible Possible health hazards as derived from human data, animal studies, or
Exposure Limits are based in the 1989 PELs and the June, 1993 Air from the results of studies with similar compounds are presented.
Contaminants Rule (Federal Register: 58: 35338-35351 and 58: 40191). Definitions of some terms used in this section are: LD50 - Lethal Dose
Both the current PELs and the vacated PELs are indicated. The phrase, (solids & liquids) which kills 50% of the exposed animals; LC50 - Lethal
“Vacated 1989 PEL,” is placed next to the PEL which was vacated by Concentration (gases) which kills 50% of the exposed animals; ppm
Court Order. concentration expressed in parts of material per million parts of air or water;
IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health - This level represents a mg/m3 concentration expressed in weight of substance per volume of air;
concentration from which one can escape within 30-minutes without mg/kg quantity of material, by weight, administered to a test subject, based
suffering escape-preventing or permanent injury. The DFG - MAK is the on their body weight in kg. Data from several sources are used to evaluate
Republic of Germany’s Maximum Exposure Level, similar to the U.S. PEL. the cancer-causing potential of the material. The sources are: IARC - the
NIOSH is the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, which International Agency for Research on Cancer; NTP - the National
is the research arm of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Toxicology Program, RTECS - the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical
Administration (OSHA). NIOSH issues exposure guidelines called Substances, OSHA and CAL/OSHA. IARC and NTP rate chemicals on a
Recommended Exposure Levels (RELs). When no exposure guidelines scale of decreasing potential to cause human cancer with rankings from 1
are established, an entry of NE is made for reference. to 4. Subrankings (2A, 2B, etc.) are also used. Other measures of toxicity
include TDLo, the lowest dose to cause a symptom and TCLo the lowest
HAZARD RATINGS: concentration to cause a symptom; TDo, LDLo, and LDo, or TC, TCo,
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM: Health Hazard: LCLo, and LCo, the lowest dose (or concentration) to cause lethal or toxic
0 (minimal acute or chronic exposure hazard); 1 (slight acute or chronic effects. BEI - Biological Exposure Indices, represent the levels of
exposure hazard); 2 (moderate acute or significant chronic exposure determinants which are most likely to be observed in specimens collected
hazard); 3 (severe acute exposure hazard; onetime overexposure can result from a healthy worker who has been exposed to chemicals to the same
in permanent injury and may be fatal); 4 (extreme acute exposure hazard; extent as a worker with inhalation exposure to the TLV. Ecological
onetime overexposure can be fatal). Flammability Hazard: 0 (minimal Information: EC is the effect concentration in water.
hazard); 1 (materials that require substantial pre-heating before burning); 2 REGULATORY INFORMATION:
(combustible liquid or solids; liquids with a flash point of 38-93°C [100- This section explains the impact of various laws and regulations on the
200°F]); 3 (Class IB and IC flammable liquids with flash points below 38°C material. EPA is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. WHMIS is
[100°F]); 4 (Class IA flammable liquids with flash points below 23°C [73°F] the Canadian Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System. DOT
and boiling points below 38°C [100°F]. Reactivity Hazard: 0 (normally and TC are the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Transport
stable); 1 (material that can become unstable at elevated temperatures or Canada, respectively. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
which can react slightly with water); 2 (materials that are unstable but do (SARA); the Canadian Domestic/Non-Domestic Substances List
not detonate or which can react violently with water); 3 (materials that can (DSL/NDSL); the U.S. Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA); Marine
detonate when initiated or which can react explosively with water); 4 Pollutant status according to the DOT; the Comprehensive Environmental
(materials that can detonate at normal temperatures or pressures). Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund); and
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION: Health Hazard: 0 various state regulations.
(material that on exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard
beyond that of ordinary combustible materials); 1 (materials that on
exposure under fire conditions could cause irritation or minor residual
injury); 2 (materials that on intense or continued exposure under fire
conditions could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury);
3 (materials that can on short exposure could cause serious temporary or
residual injury); 4 (materials that under very short exposure causes death
or major residual injury). Flammability Hazard and Reactivity Hazard:
Refer to definitions for “Hazardous Materials Identification System”.

PAGE 11 OF 11
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: Benzene is a colorless, flammable, toxic liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor. Benzene
is a confirmed human carcinogen and a possible human mutagen. Inhalation of vapors of Benzene can cause serious,
permanent damage to the blood system. Skin and eye contact can be irritating. This liquid is very flammable; vapors are
heavier than air and may travel long distances to source of ignition and flashback. If involved in a fire Benzene will
decompose to produce toxic gases (e.g., carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, irritating aldehydes and ketones). Persons
responding to fires or emergencies involving Benzene must have adequate fire protection and wear personal protective
equipment to protect against the significant health hazards posed by Benzene.
Benzene is a serious poison by all routes of exposure. The symptoms of HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INFORMATION
each route of exposure are described below. SYSTEM
INHALATION: The immediate symptoms of inhalation of vapors of

Benzene are due to the initial excitation, followed by depression of the HEALTH (BLUE) 2
central nervous system. Central nervous system symptoms include
drowsiness, headache, nausea, incoordination and unconsciousness,
that can lead to death in severe cases. Other symptoms of acute
overexposure to vapors of Benzene can include transient euphoria,
ataxia (incoordination of voluntary muscular movements), vertigo,
tinnitus, substernal pain, cough, hoarseness and general irritation of the

nose, throat and respiratory tract, confusion, stupefaction and coma. In
cases of severe overexposure (as may occur in a confined space, or
other poorly ventilated areas, or if large volumes are used or released), REACTIVITY (YELLOW) 0
tremors, convulsions and death, due to respiratory paralysis or

circulatory collapse can occur within minutes to several hours following
exposure. Reversible liver and kidney effects have been reported after PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT X
exposure to Benzene. The effects associated with various levels of
Benzene vapors are as follows:
EYES RESPIRATORY HANDS BODY
CONCENTRATION SYMPTOM OF EXPOSURE
Brief (10 minute) up to 25 ppm: No symptoms.
50-150 ppm: Exhilaration, headache, tiredness,
See See
nose and throat irritation. Section 8 Section 8
20,000 (for 5-10 min): Collapse and death For routine industrial applications
One of the most significant health effects associated with Benzene is the See Section 16 for Definition of Ratings
potential for blood system disorders which develop after long-term
exposures to relatively low vapor concentrations. There are reports that exposure to low levels (10 ppm) over an extended
time period (24 weeks) of Benzene vapors can damage the bone marrow and blood systems. This damage can result in
the development of serious health disorders (including anemia and leukemia). Adverse effects on the immune system have
also been reported. Refer to “Other Health Effects” in this section for further information.
CONTACT WITH SKIN or EYES: Contact with the skin can cause irritation and redness. Repeated or prolonged contact
can also cause dermatitis, resulting in dry, itchy, cracked skin as Benzene is a defatting agent, removing oils from the skin.
Contact with the vapors of Benzene and the eyes will be irritating. Direct contact of the liquid with the eyes can cause
irritation, pain; prolonged contact may result in tissue damage.
SKIN ABSORPTION: Benzene poisoning through skin contact has been reported, although skin absorption is not
considered as significant a route of exposure as via inhalation or ingestion. Symptoms of absorption may be similar to
those described in “Ingestion”.
INGESTION: Ingestion of Benzene will cause a burning sensation in the mouth and stomach, nausea, vomiting, excess
salivation and vomiting of blood. Benzene is readily absorbed into the body following ingestion exposures, producing
symptoms of central nervous system depression and other symptoms similar to those described in “Inhalation”. If ingested,
Benzene presents a potential aspiration hazard. Aspiration of even small amounts of Benzene into the lungs can result in
immediate pulmonary edema (a potentially fatal accumulation of fluid in the lungs), chemical pneumonitis and hemorrhage
of pulmonary tissue.
INJECTION: Injection is not anticipated to be a significant route of overexposure for Benzene. If Benzene is “injected” (as
may occur through punctures by contaminated, sharp objects), symptoms described in “Inhalation” can occur.
BENZENE C6H6 MSDS (Document # 001062) PAGE 2 OF 11

FOR3. HAZARD
TRAINING USE ONLY
IDENTIFICATION (Continued)
OTHER HEALTH EFFECTS: The chief target organ affected by serious Benzene exposure is the blood and bone marrow
system. Chronic Benzene exposure eventually leads to pancytopenia (abnormal decrease of all three formed elements of
the blood; hemoglobin, disease-fighting leukocytes and blood-clotting thrombocytes), followed by thrombocytopenia
(problems with the blood-clotting properties of the blood) and anemia. These syndromes can lead to sudden,
overwhelming infections. After exposure to Benzene, bleeding from the nose, gums, or mucous membranes and
development of small bruises can occur. Benzene is a confirmed human carcinogen and can produce forms of leukemia.
Direct contact with the liquid with mucous membranes will result in the development of hemorrhagic lesions.
HEALTH EFFECTS OR RISKS FROM EXPOSURE: An Explanation in Lay Terms. Overexposure to may cause the
health effects described on the following page.
ACUTE: Acute inhalation overexposure to Benzene will initially act as a narcotic, possibly leading to coma in extreme
cases. Following exposure to high concentrations, victims may be unconscious, and if exposure continues, death can
follow from respiratory failure and circulatory collapse. Contact with the skin can cause irritation and dermatitis. Contact
with the eyes is irritating, causing burning and watering of the eyes. Ingestion of Benzene will cause gastric distress,
hemorrhage and possible severe depression of the central nervous system. Aspiration of Benzene into the lungs, following
ingestion, can result in severe damage to the lungs; death may result.
CHRONIC: Chronic exposure to Benzene causes serious damage to the health by all routes of exposure. Chronic oral and
inhalation exposure causes severe effects on the blood system, including damage to the bone marrow, leading to a
decrease in production or changes to the cells of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white blood cells. Effects can occur with
an exposure level as low as 10 ppm for 24 weeks. Benzene also causes harmful changes to the immune system,
decreasing the production of mature B- and T- white blood cells. Benzene is a confirmed human carcinogen, which can
produce Hodgkin’s Disease, leukemia and lymphomas by inhalation. Human mutation data are reported for Benzene. See
Section 11 (Toxicological Information) for further information. Symptoms of chronic exposure by most routes can be
delayed for months to years after exposure has ceased.
TARGET ORGANS: Respiratory system, central nervous system, blood and immune systems, bone marrow, heart, liver,
kidneys, skin, eyes, and reproductive system.
RESCUERS SHOULD NOT ATTEMPT TO RETRIEVE VICTIMS OF EXPOSURE TO BENZENE
WITHOUT ADEQUATE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. If necessary, a Self-Contained
Breathing Apparatus should be worn.
INHALATION: If vapors, mists, or sprays of Benzene are inhaled, remove victim to fresh air. Only trained personnel should
administer supplemental oxygen and/or cardio-pulmonary resuscitation if necessary. Remove or cover gross
contamination to avoid exposure to rescuers.
SKIN EXPOSURE: If Benzene contaminates the skin, immediately begin decontamination with running water. Minimum
flushing is for 15 minutes. Remove exposed or contaminated clothing, taking care not to contaminate eyes. Victim must
seek medical attention if any adverse reaction occurs.
EYE EXPOSURE: If Benzene or its vapors enter the eyes, open victim's eyes while under gentle running water. Use
sufficient force to open eyelids. Have victim "roll" eyes. Minimum flushing is for 15 minutes. Victim must seek immediate
medical attention.
INGESTION: If Benzene is swallowed, CALL PHYSICIAN OR POISON CONTROL CENTER FOR MOST CURRENT
INFORMATION. If professional advice is not available, do not induce vomiting. Victim should drink milk, egg whites, or
large quantities of water. If vomiting occurs naturally, have victim lean forward to reduce risk of aspiration. Never induce
vomiting or give diluents (milk or water) to someone who is unconscious, having convulsions, or who cannot swallow.
Victims of chemical exposure must be taken for medical attention. Rescuers should be taken for medical attention, if
necessary. Physicians should refer to “Recommendations to Physicians” in Section 11 (Toxicological Information). Take
copy of label and MSDS to health professional with victim.

FLASH POINT, (Closed Cup): -11°C (12°F)
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE: 498°C (928°F) NFPA RATING
FLAMMABLE LIMITS (in air by volume, %): FLAMMABILITY
Lower (LEL): 1.3%

Upper (UEL): 7.1% 3
FIRE EXTINGUISHING MATERIALS:
HEALTH 2 0 REACTIVITY
Water Spray: YES (for cooling only) Carbon Dioxide: YES
Foam: YES Dry Chemical: YES
Halon: YES Other: Any "B" Class.
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Benzene is a Class IB
flammable liquid and presents a serious fire hazard to firefighters. Due to the OTHER
low flash point, vapors can form explosive mixtures with air, at room
temperature. When involved in a fire, this material may decompose and See Section 16 for Definition of Ratings
produce toxic gases (e.g., carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, irritating aldehydes and ketones). The vapors of Benzene are
heavier than air and may spread long distances; distant ignition and flash-back are possible. Benzene can float on water;
therefore, water contaminated with Benzene can spread the flammable liquid and can spread fire. Containers of Benzene,
when involved in fire, may rupture or burst in the heat of the fire.
Explosion Sensitivity to Static Discharge: Benzene can accumulate static charge by flow or agitation; vapors can be ignited
by static discharge.
SPECIAL FIRE-FIGHTING PROCEDURES: In the event of fire, cool containers of Benzene with water to prevent failure.
Use a water spray or fog to reduce or direct vapors. Water may not be effective in actually extinguishing a fire involving
Benzene, due to its low flash point. Stop the leak or discharge, if possible. For small releases, if it is not possible to stop
the leak, and it does not endanger personnel, let the fire burn itself out. Incipient fire responders should wear eye
protection. Structural firefighters must wear Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus and full protective equipment, including
chemical resistant clothing. Large fires should be fought from a distance with an unmanned hose holder or monitor
nozzles. If Benzene is involved in a fire, fire runoff water should be contained to prevent possible environmental damage. If
necessary, decontaminate fire-response equipment with soap and water solution. For large releases, consider evacuation.
Refer to the North American Emergency Response Guidebook (Guide #130) for additional guidance.

SPILL AND LEAK RESPONSE: Evacuate immediate area. Uncontrolled releases should be responded to by trained
personnel using pre-planned procedures. Proper protective equipment should be used. In case of a release, clear the
affected area, protect people, and respond with trained personnel.
Minimum Personal Protective Equipment should be Level B: triple-gloves (rubber gloves and nitrile gloves, over latex
gloves), chemical resistant suit and boots, hard-hat, and Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus. Monitor the
surrounding area for combustible vapor levels. Combustible vapor levels must be below 10% of the LEL for Benzene (LEL
= 1.3%) before personnel are permitted to enter the area. If necessary, ventilate area.
Monitoring should be done for the levels of Benzene and oxygen. Colorimetric tubes are available to detect the presence of
Benzene. Levels of Benzene should be below levels listed in Section 2 (Composition and Information on Ingredients) and
the atmosphere must have at least 19.5 percent oxygen before personnel can be allowed in the area without Self-
Contained Breathing Apparatus.
Eliminate all sources of ignition before clean-up operations begin. Use non-sparking tools. Absorb spilled liquid with
activated carbon, polypads or other suitable absorbent materials. Prevent material from entering sewer or confined spaces.
Decontaminate the area thoroughly. Place all spill residue in an appropriate container and seal. If necessary,
decontaminate spill-response equipment with soap and water solution. Dispose of in accordance with Federal, State, and
local hazardous waste disposal regulations (see Section 13, Disposal Considerations).
THIS IS AN EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE, TOXIC LIQUID: Protection of all personnel and the area must be maintained.
All responders must be adequately protected from exposure.

WORK PRACTICES AND HYGIENE PRACTICES: As with all chemicals, avoid getting Benzene ON YOU or IN YOU.
Wash hands after handling chemicals. Do not eat or drink while handling this material. Remove contaminated clothing
immediately.
Note: Refer to the OSHA Benzene Standard (29 CFR 1910.1028) for specific requirements associated with the use of
Benzene. The Action Level for Benzene is 0.5 ppm as an 8-hour, time-weighted average. In workplaces where employees
are exposed above the Action Level, the OSHA requirements for monitoring, establishment of regulated areas, methods of
compliance, respiratory protection, emergency response protocol, medical surveillance, training and record keeping must
be followed.
STORAGE AND HANDLING PRACTICES: Entrances to regulated areas (as defined by the OSHA Benzene Standard)
must be posted with signs which reads as follows:
DANGER
BENZENE
CANCER HAZARD
FLAMMABLE- NO SMOKING
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
All employees who handle this material should be trained to handle it safely. Avoid breathing vapors or mists generated by
Benzene. Use in a well-ventilated location. Cylinders of Benzene must be properly labeled. If Benzene is used in other
types of containers, only use portable containers and dispensing equipment (faucet, pump, drip can) approved for
flammable liquids.
Store cylinders of Benzene in a cool, dry location, away from direct sunlight, sources of intense heat, or where freezing is
possible. Do not allow area where cylinders are stored to exceed 52°C (125°F). Material should be stored in secondary
containers, or in a diked area, as appropriate. Store containers away from incompatible chemicals. Keep container tightly
closed when not in use. Storage areas should be made of fire-resistant materials. Inspect all incoming containers before
storage, to ensure containers are properly labeled and not damaged. Refer to NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible
Liquids Code, for additional information on storage.
Empty containers may contain residual flammable liquid or vapors. Therefore, empty containers should be handled with
care. Do not expose “empty” containers to welding touches, or any other source of ignition.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR HANDLING CYLINDERS: Protect cylinders of Benzene against physical damage. If
appropriate, cylinders should be stored in an up-right position. Cylinders should be firmly secured to prevent falling or being
knocked over. Cylinders can be stored in the open, but in such cases, should be protected against extremes of weather
and from the dampness of the ground to prevent rusting. Never tamper with pressure relief devices in valves and cylinders.
Electrical equipment should be non-sparking or explosion proof. The following rules are applicable to situations in which
cylinders are being used:
Before Use: If appropriate, move cylinders with a suitable hand-truck. Do not drag, slide or roll cylinders. Do not drop
cylinders or permit them to strike each other. Secure cylinders firmly. Leave the valve protection cap in-place until cylinder
is ready for use.
After Use: Close main cylinder valve. Replace valve protection cap. Mark empty cylinders “EMPTY”.
NOTE: Use only DOT or ASME code containers. Earth-ground and bond all lines and equipment associated with
Benzene. Close valve after each use and when empty. Cylinders must not be recharged except by or with the consent of
owner. For additional information refer to the Compressed Gas Association Bulletin SB-2 “Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres”.
PROTECTIVE PRACTICES DURING MAINTENANCE OF CONTAMINATED EQUIPMENT: Follow practices
indicated in Section 6 (Accidental Release Measures). Make certain application equipment is locked and tagged-out
safely. Always use Benzene in areas where adequate ventilation is provided. Decontaminate equipment using
soapy water before maintenance begins. Collect all rinsates and dispose of according to applicable Federal, State,
or local procedures.

VENTILATION AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Use with adequate ventilation. Use a mechanical fan or vent area to
outside. Where appropriate, use a non-sparking, grounded ventilation system separate from other exhaust ventilation
systems. Ensure eyewash/safety shower stations are available near areas where Benzene is used.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Maintain exposure levels of Benzene below the levels listed in Section 2 (Composition
and Information on Ingredients) and oxygen levels above 19.5% in the workplace. Use supplied air respiratory protection if
Benzene levels exceed exposure limits and if oxygen level is below 19.5% or during emergency response to a release of
Benzene. If respiratory protection is required, follow the requirements of the Federal OSHA Respiratory Protection
Standard (29 CFR 1910.134), or equivalent State standards. The following NIOSH respiratory protection recommendations
are for Benzene.
At Concentrations Above the NIOSH REL, or Where there is no REL, at any Detectable Concentration: Positive-
pressure, full facepiece SCBA or positive pressure, full-facepiece Supplied Air Respirator
(SAR) with an auxiliary positive pressure SCBA.
Escape: Gas mask with organic vapor cartridge or escape-type SCBA should be used.
The IDLH concentration for Benzene is 500 ppm. The carcinogenic effects of Benzene were not considered by NIOSH in
determination of the IDLH.
NOTE: In areas which exceed the OSHA Action Level of Benzene, the respirator selection guidelines in the Benzene
Standard [29 CFR 1910.1028 (g)] apply.
EYE PROTECTION: Splash goggles or safety glasses. Face-shields should be worn if contact with the liquid is
anticipated.
HAND PROTECTION: Wear leather gloves for handling of cylinders of Benzene. Wear chemically impervious gloves
appropriate for Benzene for industrial use. Gloves should have a resistance to breakthrough greater than 8 hours, such as
polyvinyl alcohol, Barricade™ or Responder™. Butyl rubber, natural rubber, neoprene, nitrile rubber, or
polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, Saranex™, Chemrel™ are not recommended. Use triple gloves for spill response
(see Section 6, Accidental Release Measures).
BODY PROTECTION: Use body protection appropriate for task. An impervious, full-body, encapsulating suit may be
necessary for some operations involving Benzene. Safety shoes are recommended when handling cylinders.

RELATIVE VAPOR DENSITY (air = 1): 2.7 pH: Not applicable.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY(@ 68°F (20°C) (water = 1): 0.877 FREEZING/MELTING POINT: 5.5°C (42°F)
SOLUBILITY IN WATER @ 77°F (25°C): 180 mg/mL BOILING POINT: 80°C (176°F)
EVAPORATION RATE (diethyl ether = 1): 2.8 SPECIFIC VOLUME: Not applicable.
ODOR THRESHOLD: 97 ppm(detection); 97 ppm (recognition) EXPANSION RATIO Not applicable.
LOG COEFFICIENT WATER/OIL DISTRIBUTION: Log P (oct) = 1.18-1.9; 2.13; 2.15
VAPOR PRESSURE @ 68°F (20°C): 75 mm Hg: 10 kPa
APPEARANCE AND COLOR: Colorless, flammable liquid, with a characteristic aromatic hydrocarbon odor.
HOW TO DETECT THIS SUBSTANCE (warning properties): The odor of Benzene is not a good warning property as a the
odor threshold is above the TLV.

STABILITY: Normally stable.
DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: If Benzene is involved in a fire, it may ignite to yield toxic fumes of carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide, irritating aldehydes and ketones.
MATERIALS WITH WHICH SUBSTANCE IS INCOMPATIBLE: Benzene becomes spontaneously flammable in the
presence of sodium peroxide and potassium peroxide. Benzene can explode on contact with chromic anhydride,
permanganic acid and chlorine.

10. STABILITY and REACTIVITY (Continued)
MATERIALS WITH WHICH SUBSTANCE IS INCOMPATIBLE (Continued): Benzene can react vigorously with oxidizing
materials. Benzene may react violently or explosively with risk of fire with nitric acid, ozone, diborane, interhalogens (e.g.,
bromine trifluoride, bromine pentafluoride, chloride trifluoride, iodine pentafluoride, iodine heptafluoride), dioxygen
difluoride, dioxygenyl tetrafluoroborate, permanganic acid, peroxodifsulfuric acid, peroxomonosulfuric acid. Benzene will
react with nitryl perchlorate, causing a slight explosion and flash. Benzene will react vigorously with uranium hexafluoride.
Benzene will attack rubber and plastics.
CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Avoid contact with incompatible materials, sparks, flame static discharge and other sources of
ignition. Avoid exposing cylinders to extremely high temperatures, which could cause the cylinders to rupture or burst.

TOXICITY DATA: The following information is available for Benzene.
Skin-Rabbit, adult 15 mg/24 hours open Mild irritation effects Inhalation-Man TC: 150 ppm/11 years - intermittent: Carcinogenic
Skin-Rabbit, adult 20 mg/24 hours Moderate irritation effects effects, Blood effects
Eye effects-Rabbit, adult 88 mg Moderate irritation effects Inhalation-Mouse TC :1200 ppm/6 hours/10 weeks - intermittent:
Eye effects-Rabbit, adult 2 mg/24H Severe irritation effects Equivocal tumorigenic agent
oms-Human: lymphocyte 5 µmol/L Oral-Mouse TD: 2400 mg/kg/8 weeks - intermittent: Neoplastic
Microsomal Mutageniticity Assay-Mouse: embryo 2500 mg/L effects
Oral-Mouse TDLo: 6500 mg/kg (female 8-12 days post): Inhalation-Mouse TC: 300 ppm/6 hours/16 weeks intermittent:
Reproductive effects Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Carcinogenic effects
Mutagenesis Inhalation-Human LCLo :2 pph/5 minutes
Inhalation-Mouse TCLo: 5 ppm (female 6-15 days post): Teratogenic Oral-Man LDLo: 50 mg/kg
effects Inhalation-Human LCLo: 20,000 ppm/5
Inhalation-Man TCLo: 200 mg/m3/78 weeks -intermittent: Inhalation-Man TCLo: 150 ppm/1 year - intermittent: Blood effects
Carcinogenic effects, Blood effects Inhalation-Human TCLo: 100 ppm
Inhalation-Human TCLo: 10 ppm/8 hours /10 years-intermittent: Intravenous-Rabbit, adult LDLo :88 mg/kg
Carcinogenic effects, Blood effects Inhalation-Human LCLo: 65 mg/m3/5 years: Blood effects
Oral-Rat TDLo: 52 g/kg/52 weeks - intermittent: Carcinogenic effects Oral-Rat LD50: 3306 mg/kg
Inhalation-Rat TCLo: 1200 ppm/6 hours/10 weeks - intermittent: Inhalation-Rat LC50: 10,000 ppm/7 hours
Equivocal tumorigenic agent Intraperitoneal-Rat LD50 :2890 µg/kg
Oral-Mouse TDLo :18,250 mg/kg/2 years - continuos: Carcinogenic Oral-Mouse LD50: 4700 mg/kg
effects Inhalation-Mouse LC50: 9980 ppm
Inhalation-Human TC :8 ppb/4 weeks- intermittent: Carcinogenic Intraperitoneal-Mouse LD50: 340 mg/kg
effects, Blood effects Oral-Dog, adult LDLo: 2000 mg/kg
Inhalation-Dog, adult LCLo: 146,000 mg/ Subcutaneous-Mouse TDLo 600 mg/kg/17 weeks - intermittent:
Inhalation-Cat, adult LCLo: 170,000 mg/m3 Equivocal tumorigenic agent
Inhalation-Human TC: 10 mg/m 3/11 years- intermittent: Parenteral-Mouse TDLo: 670 mg/kg/19 weeks - intermittent:
Carcinogenic effects, Blood effects Equivocal tumorigenic agent
Inhalation-Mouse TCLo: 300 ppm/6 hours/16 weeks-intermittent: Inhalation-Human TC: 150 ppm/15 minutes /8 years - intermittent:
Equivocal tumorigenic agent Carcinogenic effects, Blood effects
Skin-Mouse TDLo: 1200 g/kg/49 weeks - intermittent: Neoplastic Oral-Rat TD: 52 g/kg/1 years - intermittent: Carcinogenic effects
effects Oral-Rat TD: 10 g/kg/52 weeks - intermittent: Carcinogenic effects
Intraperitoneal-Mouse TDLo: 1200 mg/kg/8 weeks - intermittent: Inhalation-Man TC :600 mg/m3/4 years - intermittent: Carcinogenic
Neoplastic effects effects, Blood effects
Additional Information on Benzene: Because of the chronic toxicity effects associated with Benzene, additional information is provided, as
follows:
EFFECTS ON THE BLOOD AND BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS: Extensive studies have conclusively proven that oral and inhalation exposure to
benzene causes severe effects on the blood system, including damaging the bone marrow where new blood cells are formed. Most studies
report a decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white blood cells, platelets and/or changes in the cells. Effects of varying severity have
been demonstrated with both intermittent and continuous exposures to concentrations as low as 10 ppm for 24 weeks.
EFFECTS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: Studies have also conclusively shown that benzene causes harmful changes to the immune system which
protects the body from disease. Benzene has decreased the number of mature B- and T-lymphocytes (white blood cells which produce
disease-fighting antibodies). Exposure of mice to 300 ppm for 6 to 23 weeks resulted in a decrease in the number of mature B- and T-
lymphocytes. Rats and mice exposed orally to 25 to 200 mg/kg/day for 2 years had significantly reduced white blood cells and lymphocytes.

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION (Continued)
SUSPECTED CANCER AGENT: Benzene is listed as follows:
BENZENE: ACGIH-A2 (Suspected Human Carcinogen); EPA-A (Human Carcinogen); IARC-1 (Carcinogenic to Humans); MAK-A1 (Capable of
Inducing Malignant Tumors/Experience with Humans); NIOSH-X (Carcinogen); NTP-1 (Known to be a Carcinogen); OSHA-X (Carcinogen);
Cal-OSHA (Carcinogen).
IRRITANCY OF PRODUCT: Benzene is irritating to the skin, eyes, and other contaminated tissue.
SENSITIZATION OF PRODUCT: Benzene is not known to cause respiratory system or skin sensitization in humans.
Cardiac sensitization to stimulants (e.g., epinephrine, ephedrine) is a possible result of severe or chronic overexposure.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY INFORMATION: Listed below is information concerning the effects of Benzene on the
Mutagenicity: Human mutation data are available for Benzene. These data were obtained from individuals who were
exposed at levels which produced changes in the blood system.
Embryotoxicity: Benzene is not reported to cause embryotoxic effects in humans.
Teratogenicity: Benzene is not reported to cause teratogenic effects in humans. Teratogenic data are available from
clinical studies involving test animals exposed to relatively high doses of Benzene. Fetotoxic effects (e.g., reduced birth
weight and/or minor skeletal variations) were observed at exposures above 50 ppm.
Reproductive Toxicity: Data on reproductive effects on ovaries and testes are available from clinical studies involving test
animals exposed to relatively high doses of Benzene. These data were obtained at doses which caused toxic effects on
other organs.
A mutagen is a chemical which causes permanent changes to genetic material (DNA) such that the changes will propagate
through generational lines. An embryotoxin is a chemical which causes damage to a developing embryo (i.e. within the first
eight weeks of pregnancy in humans), but the damage does not propagate across generational lines. A teratogen is a
chemical which causes damage to a developing fetus, but the damage does not propagate across generational lines. A
reproductive toxin is any substance which interferes in any way with the reproductive process.
MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE: Pre-existing blood system disorders, respiratory conditions,
central nervous, liver, kidney, and cardio-vascular conditions may be aggravated by severe or chronic overexposure to
Benzene. Skin disorders may also be aggravated by exposures to Benzene.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO PHYSICIANS: The following guidelines are derived from “Clinical Toxicology of Commercial
Chemical Products” (5th edition, 1984).
• Check for signs of impending pulmonary edema.

• Because of the aspiration hazard, avoid emetic drugs, whenever practical.
• For overexposures in which emesis is advisable: If the patient is not drowsy, comatose, or in respiratory difficulty,
induce vomiting. If necessary, as an alternative treatment, remove Benzene from the stomach via gastric lavage. One
or two ounces of mineral oil may be instilled and left in the stomach at the completion of lavage.
• Avoid epinephrine because of its possible adverse effect on the sensitized myocardium. Avoid all digestible fats, oils
and alcohol,, which may promote the absorption of Benzene in the intestinal system.
• If eyes or skin are affected, wash thoroughly and apply a bland analgetic ointment.
• Because of the possibility of ventricular fibrillation, monitor the ECG continuously and be prepared to administer
external cardiac massage.
Refer to the OSHA Benzene Standard [29 CFR 1910.1028; paragraph(i) and Appendix C] for specific information on
Medical Surveillance requirements (i.e. for the general physical exam, medical history, specific tests, and re-examination
protocol).
BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES (BEIs): The following Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) are currently applicable for
Benzene.
BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES (BEIs) for Benzene are as follows:

CHEMICAL DETERMINANT SAMPLING TIME BEI
BENZENE
• Total phenol in urine • End of shift • 50 mg/g creatinine
• Benzene in exhaled air: • Prior to next shift
mixed-exhaled • 0.08 ppm
end-exhaled • 0.12 ppm

ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY: Benzene will be degraded over time into other organic compounds. The following
environmental data are available for Benzene.
BENZENE: KOW = 2.13. Water Solubility = 1791 mg/L. BCF (Anguilla japonica, eels) = 3.5. BCF (Clupea harengus Pallasi, pacific herring) = 4.4.
BCF (goldfish) = 4.3. BCF, benzene = 24 (estimated). If benzene is released into the soil, it will be volatilized near the surface or it will leach
to the groundwater. No degradation of benzene (BOD) was reported in coarse-filtered Lake Superior harbor water incubated at 21°C for 12
days. In the marine eco-system, biodegradation occurs from 2 days to 2 weeks in the summer and spring, respectively. The half-life of
14
Benzene in estuarine water was 6 days, as measured by CO2 produced. Biodegradation half-lives of 28 and 16 days were reported in die-
away tests for degradation of up to 3.2 UL/L benzene using groundwater and Lester River water, respectively, under aerobic conditions. In a
base-rich para-brownish soil, 20 ppm benzene was 24% degraded in one week, 44% in 5 weeks and 47% in 10 weeks. It is not expected to
adsorb to sediment nor bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms.
EFFECT OF MATERIAL ON PLANTS or ANIMALS: Benzene may be harmful or fatal to contaminated plant and animal-
life (especially if large quantities of Benzene are released). Refer to Section 11 (Toxicology Information). Additional
information is available on the effects of Benzene on plants as follows:
Benzene is lethal to plants at high concentrations (GT 15600 ppm in air) and short (30 minutes) exposure times. In all species studied recovery
was complete upon removal from exposure to sub-lethal concentrations.
Plant growth and rooting is stimulated by aqueous solutions of low benzene concentrations (0.01-0.10 saturated). Aqueous solutions containing
high concentrations (0.10-0.15% Benzene) inhibit growth and interfere with metabolism and cell division.
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL ON AQUATIC LIFE: Benzene can be harmful or fatal to contaminated aquatic plant and animal
life. Benzene floats on water, and can potentially form slicks which are capable of creating oxygen-deprived waterways
which can contaminate coastal and shore life. The following aquatic toxicity data are available for Benzene.
LC100 (Tetrahymena pyriformis, ciliate) = 12.8 mmol/L/24 hours LC (Daphnia magna) highest no adverse level = 98 mg/L
LC50 (Palaemonetes pugio, grass shrimp) = 27 ppm/96 hours Effect level (blue crab) = 1 mg/L
LC50 (Cancer magister, crab larvae, stage 1) = 108 ppm/96 hours EC50 (freshwater green algae, Ankistrodesmus falccatus) = 310 mg
LC50 (Crangon franciscorum, shrimp) = 20 ppm/96 hours (3.97 mmol/L)
LC50 (Poecilia reticulata, guppy) = 63 ppm/14 days Photosynthetic carbon fixation (selenastrum capricornutum) = 100,
LC50 (Morone saxatilis, bass) = 5.8 to 10.9 ppm/96 hours 95, 84, 5; for 24 hour exposure to 0, 10, 100 0r 1000 mg
LC50 (Salmo trutta, brown trout yearling) = 12 mg/L/1-hour Benzene/L
LC50 (Ambystoma mexicana, mexican axototl salamander, 3-4 Growth inhibition (Chlorella vulgaris) = significant for 25-1744 ppm
weeks after hatching) = 370 mg/L/48 hours Benzene
LC50 (clawed toad, 3-4 weeks after hatching) = 190 mg/L/48 hours Light saturated photosynthesis relative rates (Nitzschia palea,
LD50 (Carassium auratus, goldfish) = 46 mg/L/24-hours freshwater diatom) = 100, 61, 38, 13; exposure for 2 hours to 0,
LD50 (Lepomis macrochirus, bluegill sunfish) = 60 mg/L/2-hours 175, 350, 520 mg Benzene/L
Growth inhibition (Skeletonema costatum) = at 20 mg/L

PREPARING WASTES FOR DISPOSAL: Waste disposal must be in accordance with appropriate Federal, State, and local
regulations. Return cylinders with residual product to Inc. Do not dispose of locally.

TRANSPORTATION.
PROPER SHIPPING NAME: Benzene
HAZARD CLASS NUMBER and DESCRIPTION: 3 (Flammable Liquid)
PACKING GROUP: PG II
DOT LABEL(S) REQUIRED: Flammable Liquid
MARINE POLLUTANT: Benzene is not classified by the DOT as a Marine Pollutant (as defined by 49 CFR 172.101,
Appendix B).
TRANSPORT CANADA, TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS REGULATIONS: THIS MATERIAL IS
CONSIDERED AS DANGEROUS GOODS. Use the above information for the preparation of Canadian Shipments. Also, ,
there is an additional Hazard Class: 9.2 (Substance Hazardous to the Environment).

U.S. SARA REPORTING REQUIREMENTS: Benzene is subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 302, 304 and
313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act., as follows:
COMPONENT SARA 302 SARA 304 SARA 313
Benzene NO YES YES
U.S. SARA THRESHOLD PLANNING QUANTITY: Not applicable.

U.S. CERCLA REPORTABLE QUANTITIES (RQ): 10 lb; RCRA Code = U019.
CANADIAN DSL/NDSL INVENTORY STATUS: Benzene is on the DSL Inventory.
U.S. TSCA INVENTORY STATUS: Benzene is listed on the TSCA Inventory.
OTHER U.S. FEDERAL REGULATIONS: Benzene is subject to the requirements of CFR 29 1910.1028, the OSHA
Benzene Standard. The Action Level for Benzene is 0.5 ppm as an 8-hour, time-weighted average under this regulation.
The EPA is promulgating water regulations for certain volatile synthetic organic chemicals. Specifically, this notice
promulgates a maximum contaminant level for Benzene at 0.005 mg/L. Benzene is not listed in Appendix A as a highly
hazardous chemical, per 29 CFR 1910.119: Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals. Under this
regulation, however, any process that involves a flammable liquid on-site, in one location, in quantities of 10,000 lbs (4,553
kg) or greater is covered under this regulation unless it is used as a fuel.
U.S. STATE REGULATORY INFORMATION: Benzene is covered under specific State regulations, as denoted below:
Alaska - Designated Toxic and Hazardous Minnesota - List of Hazardous Substances: Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance List:
Substances: Benzene. Benzene. Benzene.
California - Permissible Exposure Limits Missouri - Employer Information/Toxic Rhode Island - Hazardous Substance List:
for Chemical Contaminants: Benzene. Substance List: Benzene. Benzene.
Florida - Substance List: Benzene. New Jersey - Right to Know Hazardous Texas - Hazardous Substance List:
Illinois - Toxic Substance List: Benzene. Substance List: Benzene. Benzene.
Kansas - Section 302/313 List: Benzene. North Dakota - List of Hazardous West Virginia - Hazardous Substance List:
Massachusetts - Substance List: Benzene. Chemicals, Reportable Quantities: Benzene.
Michigan Critical Materials Register: Benzene. Wisconsin - Toxic and Hazardous
Benzene. Substances: Benzene.
CALIFORNIA SAFE DRINKING WATER AND TOXIC ENFORCEMENT ACT (PROPOSITION 65): Benzene is listed on
the California Proposition 65 Lists. WARNING: Benzene is known to the State of California to cause cancer.
LABELING: DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOR. VAPOR CAN CAUSE FLASH FIRE. FLASH
POINT = -11°C (12°F). HARMFUL IF INHALED. HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED. PROLONGED OR
REPEATED SKIN CONTACT MAY DRY SKIN AND CAUSE IRRITATION. CAN CAUSE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
EFFECTS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE MAY CAUSE LEUKEMIA AND CAN CAUSE ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE BLOOD
SYSTEM, LIVER, KIDNEYS, REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. CAN CAUSE DEATH IF TOO MUCH IS BREATHED.
ASPIRATION HAZARD IF SWALLOWED - CAN ENTER LUNGS AND CAUSE DAMAGE. Keep away from heat, sparks
and flame. Keep container closed. Use only with adequate ventilation. Avoid contact with skin and clothing. Avoid
exposure to vapor. Wash thoroughly after handling. FIRST-AID: In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of
water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists. If inhaled,
remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. In case of fire, use water
fog, foam, dry chemical, or CO2. In case of spill: Absorb spill with inert materials (e.g. activated carbon, dry sand). Flush
residual spill with water. Consult Material Safety Data Sheet for additional information.
CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS: Class B2: Flammable Liquid.
Class D2A/D2B: Material Causing Other Toxic Effects
BENZENE MSDS (Document # 001062) PAGE 10 OF 11

PREPARED BY:
The information contained herein is based on data considered accurate. However, no warranty is expressed or implied regarding the accuracy of these data or
the results to be obtained from the use thereof. Inc. assumes no responsibility for injury to the vendee or third persons proximately caused by the
material if reasonable safety procedures are not adhered to as stipulated in the data sheet. Additionally, Inc. assumes no responsibility for injury to
vendee or third persons proximately caused by abnormal use of the material even if reasonable safety procedures are followed. Furthermore, vendee assumes
the risk in his use of the material.
EXPOSURE LIMITS IN AIR: NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (Continued):
ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, a Flammability Hazard and Reactivity Hazard: Refer to definitions for
professional association which establishes exposure limits. TLV - “Hazardous Materials Identification System”.
Threshold Limit Value - an airborne concentration of a substance which
represents conditions under which it is generally believed that nearly all FLAMMABILITY LIMITS IN AIR:
workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse effect. The duration Much of the information related to fire and explosion is derived from the
must be considered, including the 8-hour Time Weighted Average (TWA), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Flash Point - Minimum
the 15-minute Short Term Exposure Limit, and the instantaneous Ceiling temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable
Level (C). Skin absorption effects must also be considered. mixture with air. Autoignition Temperature: The minimum temperature
OSHA - U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. PEL - required to initiate combustion in air with no other source of ignition. LEL -
Permissible Exposure Limit - This exposure value means exactly the same the lowest percent of vapor in air, by volume, that will explode or ignite in
as a TLV, except that it is enforceable by OSHA. The OSHA Permissible the presence of an ignition source. UEL - the highest percent of vapor in air,
Exposure Limits are based in the 1989 PELs and the June, 1993 Air by volume, that will explode or ignite in the presence of an ignition source.
Contaminants Rule (Federal Register: 58: 35338-35351 and 58: 40191).
Both the current PELs and the vacated PELs are indicated. The phrase, TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION:
“Vacated 1989 PEL,” is placed next to the PEL which was vacated by Court Possible health hazards as derived from human data, animal studies, or
Order. from the results of studies with similar compounds are presented.
IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health - This level represents a Definitions of some terms used in this section are: LD50 - Lethal Dose
concentration from which one can escape within 30-minutes without (solids & liquids) which kills 50% of the exposed animals; LC50 - Lethal
suffering escape-preventing or permanent injury. The DFG - MAK is the Concentration (gases) which kills 50% of the exposed animals; ppm
Republic of Germany’s Maximum Exposure Level, similar to the U.S. PEL. concentration expressed in parts of material per million parts of air or water;
NIOSH is the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, which is mg/m3 concentration expressed in weight of substance per volume of air;
the research arm of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration mg/kg quantity of material, by weight, administered to a test subject, based
(OSHA). NIOSH issues exposure guidelines called Recommended on their body weight in kg. Data from several sources are used to evaluate
Exposure Levels (RELs). When no exposure guidelines are established, the cancer-causing potential of the material. The sources are: IARC - the
an entry of NE is made for reference. International Agency for Research on Cancer; NTP - the National
Toxicology Program, RTECS - the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical
HAZARD RATINGS: Substances, OSHA and CAL/OSHA. IARC and NTP rate chemicals on a
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM: Health Hazard: 0 scale of decreasing potential to cause human cancer with rankings from 1
(minimal acute or chronic exposure hazard); 1 (slight acute or chronic to 4. Subrankings (2A, 2B, etc.) are also used. Other measures of toxicity
exposure hazard); 2 (moderate acute or significant chronic exposure include TDLo, the lowest dose to cause a symptom and TCLo the lowest
hazard); 3 (severe acute exposure hazard; onetime overexposure can result concentration to cause a symptom; TDo, LDLo, and LDo, or TC, TCo,
in permanent injury and may be fatal); 4 (extreme acute exposure hazard; LCLo, and LCo, the lowest dose (or concentration) to cause lethal or toxic
onetime overexposure can be fatal). Flammability Hazard: 0 (minimal effects. BEI - Biological Exposure Indices, represent the levels of
hazard); 1 (materials that require substantial pre-heating before burning); 2 determinants which are most likely to be observed in specimens collected
from a healthy worker who has been exposed to chemicals to the same
(combustible liquid or solids; liquids with a flash point of 38-93°C [100-
extent as a worker with inhalation exposure to the TLV. Ecological
200°F]); 3 (Class IB and IC flammable liquids with flash points below 38°C Information: EC is the effect concentration in water.
[100°F]); 4 (Class IA flammable liquids with flash points below 23°C [73°F]
and boiling points below 38°C [100°F]. Reactivity Hazard: 0 (normally REGULATORY INFORMATION:
stable); 1 (material that can become unstable at elevated temperatures or This section explains the impact of various laws and regulations on the
which can react slightly with water); 2 (materials that are unstable but do not material. EPA is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. WHMIS is the
detonate or which can react violently with water); 3 (materials that can Canadian Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System. DOT and
detonate when initiated or which can react explosively with water); 4 TC are the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Transport Canada,
(materials that can detonate at normal temperatures or pressures). respectively. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA); the
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION: Health Hazard: 0 Canadian Domestic/Non-Domestic Substances List (DSL/NDSL); the U.S.
(material that on exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA); Marine Pollutant status according to
beyond that of ordinary combustible materials); 1 (materials that on the DOT; the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
exposure under fire conditions could cause irritation or minor residual and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund); and various state regulations.
injury); 2 (materials that on intense or continued exposure under fire
or major residual injury).
BENZENE MSDS (Document # 001062) PAGE 11 OF 11


Calcium hypochlorite MSDS
Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification

Product Name: Calcium hypochlorite Contact Information:
Catalog Codes: SLC3310, SLC5098, SLC5099 CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call:
1-800-424-9300
CAS#: 7778-54-3
International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887
RTECS: NH3485000
For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400
TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Calcium hypochlorite
CI#: Not available.
Synonym:
Chemical Name: Not available.
Chemical Formula: Ca(OCl)2
Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients

Composition:
Name CAS # % by Weight
Calcium hypochlorite 7778-54-3 100
Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Calcium hypochlorite: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 850 mg/kg [Rat].
Section 3: Hazards Identification

Potential Acute Health Effects:
Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly
hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator). Corrosive to eyes and skin. The amount of tissue damage
depends on length of contact. Eye contact can result in corneal damage or blindness. Skin contact can produce
inflammation and blistering. Inhalation of dust will produce irritation to gastro-intestinal or respiratory tract,
characterized by burning, sneezing and coughing. Severe over-exposure can produce lung damage, choking,
unconsciousness or death. Prolonged exposure may result in skin burns and ulcerations. Over-exposure by
inhalation may cause respiratory irritation. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and
itching. Skin inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.
Potential Chronic Health Effects:

CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available.
p. 1
The substance is toxic to lungs, mucous membranes.
Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated exposure of the
eyes to a low level of dust can produce eye irritation. Repeated skin exposure can produce local skin destruction,
or dermatitis. Repeated inhalation of dust can produce varying degree of respiratory irritation or lung damage.
Section 4: First Aid Measures

Eye Contact:
Check for and remove any contact lenses. Immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes,
keeping eyelids open. Cold water may be used. Do not use an eye ointment. Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact:
If the chemical got onto the clothed portion of the body, remove the contaminated clothes as quickly as possible,
protecting your own hands and body. Place the victim under a deluge shower. If the chemical got on the victim's
exposed skin, such as the hands : Gently and thoroughly wash the contaminated skin with running water and
non-abrasive soap. Be particularly careful to clean folds, crevices, creases and groin. Cold water may be used.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention. Wash contaminated clothing before reusing.
Serious Skin Contact:

Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate
medical attention.
Inhalation: Allow the victim to rest in a well ventilated area. Seek immediate medical attention.
Serious Inhalation:
Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or
waistband. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation. WARNING: It may be hazardous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious or corrosive. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting. Examine the lips and mouth to ascertain whether the tissues are damaged, a possible
indication that the toxic material was ingested; the absence of such signs, however, is not conclusive. Loosen
tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation. Seek immediate medical attention.
Serious Ingestion: Not available.
Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data

Flammability of the Product: Non-flammable.
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Points: Not applicable.
Flammable Limits: Not applicable.
Products of Combustion: Not available.
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Not applicable.
Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:

Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available.
Risks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: Not available.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Not applicable.
Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Not available.
p. 2
Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Not available.
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures

Small Spill: Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container.
Large Spill:
Oxidizing material. Corrosive solid.
Stop leak if without risk. Do not get water inside container. Avoid contact with a combustible material (wood,
paper, oil, clothing...). Keep substance damp using water spray. Do not touch spilled material. Clean up spills in a manner that
does not disperse dust into the air. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistance
on
disposal.
Section 7: Handling and Storage

Precautions:
Keep container dry. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Keep away from combustible
material Do not ingest. Do not breathe dust. Never add water to this product In case of insufficient ventilation,
wear suitable respiratory equipment If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the
label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes Keep away from incompatibles such as reducing agents, combustible
materials, organic materials, acids, moisture.
Storage:
May corrode metallic surfaces. Store in a metallic or coated fiberboard drum using a strong polyethylene inner
package. Corrosive materials should be stored in a separate safety storage cabinet or room.
Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Engineering Controls:
Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below
recommended exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to
airborne contaminants below the exposure limit.
Personal Protection:
Splash goggles. Lab coat. Vapor and dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or
equivalent. Gloves.
Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:

Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor and dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus
should be used to avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a
specialist BEFORE handling this product.
Exposure Limits: Not available.
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical state and appearance: Solid.
Odor: Not available.
Taste: Not available.
Molecular Weight: 142.99 g/mole
Color: Not available.
p. 3
pH (1% soln/water): Not available.
Boiling Point: Decomposes.
Melting Point: 100°C (212°F)
Critical Temperature: Not available.
Specific Gravity: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable.
Vapor Density: Not available.
Volatility: Not available.
Odor Threshold: Not available.
Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: Not available.
Ionicity (in Water): Not available.
Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water.
Solubility: Soluble in cold water, hot water.
Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data

Stability: The product is stable.
Instability Temperature: Not available.
Conditions of Instability: Not available.
Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with reducing agents, combustible materials, organic materials, acids,
moisture.
Corrosivity:
Extremely corrosive in presence of aluminum, of zinc.
Corrosive in presence of steel, of copper.
Slightly corrosive to corrosive in presence of glass, of stainless steel(304), of stainless steel(316).
Special Remarks on Reactivity: Not available.
Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Not available.
Polymerization: No.
Section 11: Toxicological Information

Routes of Entry: Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion.
Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 850 mg/kg [Rat].
Chronic Effects on Humans: The substance is toxic to lungs, mucous membranes.
Other Toxic Effects on Humans:

Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation.
Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator).
p. 4
Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available.
Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: Not available.
Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans: Not available.
Section 12: Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity: Not available.
BOD5 and COD: Not available.
Products of Biodegradation:
Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may
arise.
Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are more toxic.
Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.
Section 13: Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal:
Section 14: Transport Information

DOT Classification: CLASS 5.1: Oxidizing material.
Identification: : Calcium hypochlorite, dry : UN1748 PG: II
Special Provisions for Transport: Not available.
Section 15: Other Regulatory Information

Federal and State Regulations:
Pennsylvania RTK: Calcium hypochlorite
Massachusetts RTK: Calcium hypochlorite
TSCA 8(b) inventory: Calcium hypochlorite
CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Calcium hypochlorite
Other Regulations: OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).
Other Classifications:
WHMIS (Canada):
CLASS C: Oxidizing material.
CLASS E: Corrosive solid.
DSCL (EEC):
R22- Harmful if swallowed.
R38- Irritating to skin.
R41- Risk of serious damage to eyes.
HMIS (U.S.A.):
Health Hazard: 3
p. 5
Fire Hazard: 0
Reactivity: 2
Personal Protection: j
National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.):
Health: 3
Flammability: 0
Reactivity: 1
Specific hazard:
Protective Equipment:
Gloves.
Lab coat.
Vapor and dust respirator. Be sure to
use an approved/certified respirator or
equivalent. Wear appropriate respirator
when ventilation is inadequate.
Splash goggles.
Section 16: Other Information

References: Not available.
Other Special Considerations: Not available.
Created: 10/11/2005 11:31 AM
Last Updated: 04/09/2007 10:00 AM
The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, we
make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we
assume no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the
information for their particular purposes. In no event shall ScienceLab.com be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any
third party or for lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even
if ScienceLab.com has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
p. 6
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: Chlorine is a clear, pungent-smelling, green gas (or amber liquid) that is highly
corrosive. Chlorine is irritating to the nose, throat, skin, and eyes. Inhalation of high concentrations of this gas can
result in unconsciousness and death. High concentrations of Chlorine gas may cause an oxygen-deficient
atmosphere. Chlorine is an oxidizer, which can act to initiate and sustain the combustion of flammable materials.
Chlorine is heavier than air and pockets of this gas can accumulate in low-lying areas. Extreme caution must be used
when responding to spills. Persons who respond to releases of Chlorine must protect themselves from inhalation of
the Chlorine vapors and mists, especially in areas which are downwind of the release.

The most significant route of overexposure for this gas is by inhalation. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INFORMATION
The following paragraphs describe symptoms of exposure by route of SYSTEM
exposure.
INHALATION: Inhalation of Chlorine vapors may lead to irritation of HEALTH (BLUE) 4
the nose and throat. Exposures to high concentrations of Chlorine gas
can lead to symptoms such as coughing, labored breathing, sore
throat, and in some instances, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary
edema. High concentrations of Chlorine gas may cause an oxygen-
deficient atmosphere. Exposure to high concentrations may cause
unconsciousness, and under some circumstances, death. Repeated

chlorine overexposures by inhalation can result in emphysema and
erosion of teeth. The symptoms associated with specific Chlorine
concentrations are as follows: REACTIVITY (YELLOW) 0
CONCENTRATION SYMPTOM OF EXPOSURE

0.06 ppm : Odor threshold.
3 ppm: Irritation of the eyes and mucous PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT H
membranes.
15 ppm: Immediate irritation of the throat. EYES RESPIRATORY HANDS BODY
50 ppm: A dangerous health hazard, even for short

periods of time. Prolonged exposure may
SEE SECTION 8
result in death.
1000 ppm: Potentially fatal after a short exposure.
CONTACT WITH SKIN or EYES: Contact of the liquid or gaseous For routine industrial applications
product with the skin can lead to severe burns or dermatitis (red,
cracked, irritated skin), depending upon concentration and duration of
exposure. Contact of the liquid or gaseous product with the eyes can See Section 16 for Definition of Ratings
cause pain, redness, and prolonged exposure could cause blindness. Contact with the undiluted liquid will cause frostbite,
ulceration of the skin (which may be delayed in appearance for several hours), blistering, and pain. Contact with rapidly
expanding gas poses a frostbite hazard.
SKIN ABSORPTION: Skin absorption is not a significant route of exposure for Chlorine.
INGESTION: While ingestion of gaseous Chlorine is highly unlikely, ingestion of solutions containing Chlorine can
damage the tissues of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and other tissues of the digestive system. Ingestion of Chlorine-
containing solutions can be fatal. Additionally, aspiration by inhalation is possible, causing chemical pneumonia or death.
INJECTION: Injection is not a significant route of exposure for Chlorine.
HEALTH EFFECTS OR RISKS FROM EXPOSURE: An Explanation in Lay Terms. Overexposure to Chlorine may
ACUTE: This gas is extremely corrosive, and can burn and damage eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and any other
exposed tissue. If Chlorine is inhaled, irritation of the respiratory system may occur, with coughing and breathing
difficulty. Overexposure to this gas may be fatal.
CHRONIC: Persistent irritation may result from repeated exposures to this gas mixture. Repeated chlorine
overexposures by inhalation can result in emphysema and erosion of tooth enamel.
TARGET ORGANS: Respiratory system, skin, eyes.
CHLORINE Cl2 MSDS (Document # 1015)

PAGE 2 OF 10
RESCUERS SHOULD NOT ATTEMPT TO RETRIEVE VICTIMS OF EXPOSURE TO CHLORINE
Breathing Apparatus Personal Protective equipment should be worn.
In case of frostbite, place the frostbitten part in warm water. DO NOT USE HOT WATER. If warm water is not
available, or is impractical to use, wrap the affected parts gently in blankets. Alternatively, if the fingers or hands are
frostbitten, place the affected area of the body in the armpit. Encourage victim to gently exercise the affected part while
being warmed. Seek immediate medical attention.
SKIN EXPOSURE: If Chlorine contaminates the skin, immediately begin decontamination with running water. Minimum
flushing is for 15 minutes. Remove exposed or contaminated clothing, taking care not to contaminate eyes. Victim must
seek immediate medical attention.
EYE EXPOSURE: If liquid is splashed into eyes, or if irritation of the eye develops after exposure to liquid or gas, open
victim's eyes while under gentle running water. Use sufficient force to open eyelids. Have victim "roll" eyes. Minimum
flushing is for 15 minutes.
of label and MSDS to physician or other health professional with victim(s).
FLASH POINT: Not applicable.
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE: Not applicable.
FLAMMABLE LIMITS (in air by volume, %): NFPA RATING
Lower (LEL): Not applicable. FLAMMABILITY
Upper (UEL): Not applicable.
FIRE EXTINGUISHING MATERIALS: 0
Water Spray: YES Carbon Dioxide: YES Foam: YES
4 0
Dry Chemical: YES Halon: YES Other: Any "ABC” Class. HEALTH REACTIVITY
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Chlorine is a toxic gas, which presents OX
an extreme health hazard to firefighters. Chlorine is an oxidizer, which can act to initiate
and sustain the combustion of flammable materials. OTHER

See Section 16 for Definition of Ratings
Explosion Sensitivity to Static Discharge: Not sensitive.
SPECIAL FIRE-FIGHTING PROCEDURES: Incipient fire responders should wear eye protection. Structural firefighters
must wear Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus and full protective equipment. Move fire-exposed cylinders if it can be
done without risk to firefighters. Otherwise, cool containers with hose stream and protect personnel. Withdraw
immediately in case of rising sounds from venting safety device or any discoloration of tanks due to the fire. If Chlorine is
involved in a fire, fire run-off water should be contained to prevent possible environmental damage.

procedures. Proper protective equipment should be used. In case of a large release, clear the affected area, protect
people, and respond with trained personnel. Call CHLOREP via CHEMTREC (1-800-424-9300) for emergency
assistance.
Minimum Personal Protective Equipment should be Level A: triple-gloves (rubber gloves and nitrile gloves, over
latex gloves), fully-encapsulating chemical resistant suit and boots, hard-hat, and Self Contained Breathing
Apparatus. NOTE: Direct contact of liquid Chlorine with ANY personal protective equipment item can rapidly
destroy the equipment, leading to injury and death.

PAGE 3 OF 10
6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES (Continued)
Chlorine leaks can be detected by means of an atomizer or squeeze bottle filled with aqueous ammonia. A white cloud
will show the location of the leak. Monitor the surrounding area for Chlorine gas levels and oxygen. The Chlorine level
must be below 1 ppm AND the atmosphere must have at least 19.5 percent oxygen before personnel can be allowed in
the area without Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus. Attempt to close the main source valve prior to entering the area.
If this does not stop the release (or it is not possible to reach the valve), allow the gas to release in place or remove it to a
safe area and allow the gas to be released there. Only attempt to install a Chlorine Emergency Kit (type A, B, or C) if
you are familiar with the kit AND trained in its use. Never apply water to a chlorine leak.
THIS IS A CORROSIVE GAS. Protection of all personnel and the area must be maintained.
THIS IS A POISON GAS. All responders must be adequately protected from exposure.

WORK PRACTICES AND HYGIENE PRACTICES: As with all chemicals, avoid getting Chlorine ON YOU or IN YOU.
Wash hands after handling chemicals. Do not eat or drink while handling this solution. Be aware of any signs of effects
of exposure indicated in Section 3 (Hazard Identification); exposures to fatal concentrations of Chlorine could occur
rapidly. All work practices should minimize the release of Chlorine.
STORAGE AND HANDLING PRACTICES: All employees who handle this material should be trained to handle it safely.
Avoid breathing the gas or sprays or mists generated by Chlorine. Store containers in a cool, dry location, away from
direct sunlight, sources of intense heat, or where freezing is possible. Use only compatible materials for cylinder, process
lines, and other Chlorine-handling equipment. Lines should be purged with dry nitrogen both before and after
maintenance activity. Chrome and aluminum are not suitable materials for cylinders for Chlorine. Keep container tightly
closed when not in use. Keep cylinders away from incompatible material. Wash thoroughly after using this material.
Workers must be thoroughly trained to handle Chlorine without causing overexposure. Periodic inspections of process
equipment by knowledgeable persons should be made to ensure that the equipment is used appropriately and the
system is kept in suitable operating condition. Chlorine emergency equipment should be available near the point of use.
are stored to exceed 52°C (125°F). Isolate from incompatible materials (see Section 10, Stability and Reactivity) for
more information). Use a check valve or trap in the discharge line to prevent hazardous backflow. Never tamper with
pressure relief devices in valves and cylinders. Electrical equipment should be non-sparking or explosion proof. The
following rules are applicable to work situations in which cylinders are being used:
During Use: Use designated regulators, CGA fittings, and other support equipment. Do not use adapters. Do not use
oil or grease on gas handling fittings or equipment. All equipment must be properly grounded and bonded.
Chlorine cylinders should never be directly connected to a vessel containing a liquid since suckback may occur causing a
violent reaction within the cylinder. To prevent suckback, a trap, check valve or vacuum break should be inserted into the
line. The trap should be of adequate size to take the total liquid volume sucked back.
The rate of gas flow can be increased by improving air circulation about the container or by increasing the temperature of
the room if it is below normal. Never apply heat directly to the cylinder for any reason. Do not manifold cylinders to
increase output unless check valves have been inserted at the cylinder outputs to prevent exchange of material from one
cylinder to another, causing a cylinder to become over-full.
Hoisting of cylinders is not recommended. If hoisting cannot be avoided, always use a lifting clamp, cradle, or carrier --
never use a lifting magnet, rope, or chain spring. Do not store chlorine cylinders near cylinders of hydrogen, acetylene,
ammonia, fuel gases, ether, turpentine, hydrocarbons, organic matter, or finely divided metals. Never mix chlorine with
other gases in the cylinder. Do not store chlorine cylinders near elevators or gangways or in locations where heavy
objects may fall and strike them.
Open cylinder valves slowly. The use of large wrenches or pipe wrenches will damage the valve. One complete turn of
the valve stem in a counter-clockwise direction opens the valve sufficiently to permit maximum discharge. “Empty”
containers still contain Chlorine gas, and should be handled with all precautions described in this MSDS.
If leaks develop in Chlorine lines, they must be given prompt attention because they will become progressively worse.
Refer to Section 6 (Accidental Release Measures) for release response protocol.
After Use: Close main cylinder valve. Replace valve protection cap (where provided). Mark empty cylinders “EMPTY”.

PAGE 4 OF 10
FOR7. HANDLING
TRAINING USE ONLY
NOTE: Use only DOT or ASME code containers designed for Chlorine storage. Earth-ground and bond all lines and
equipment associated with Chlorine. Close valve after each use and when empty. Cylinders must not be recharged
except by or with the consent of owner. For additional information refer to the Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet
P-1, Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers. Additionally, refer to CGA Bulletin SB-2 “Oxygen Deficient
TANK CAR SHIPMENTS: Tank cars carrying Chlorine should be loaded and unloaded in strict accordance with tank-car
manufacturer’s recommendations and all established on-site safety procedures. Appropriate personal protective equipment
must be used during tank car operations (see Section 8, Exposure Controls - Personal Protection). All loading and unloading
equipment must be inspected, prior to each use. Loading and unloading operations must be attended, at all times. Tank cars
must be level and wheels must be locked or blocked prior to loading or unloading. Tank car (for loading) or storage tank (for
unloading) must be verified to be correct for receiving Chlorine and be properly prepared, prior to starting the transfer operations.
Hoses must be verified to be clean and free of incompatible chemicals, prior to connection to the tank car or vessel. Valves and
hoses must be verified to be in the correct positions, before starting transfer operations. A sample (if required) must be taken
and verified (if required) prior to starting transfer operations. All lines must be blown-down and purged before disconnecting
them from the tank car or vessel.

VENTILATION AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Use with adequate ventilation. A hood with forced ventilation is
preferable. Because of the high hazard associated with Chlorine, stringent control measures such as a gas cabinet
enclosure or isolation may be necessary.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Maintain airborne Chlorine concentrations below exposure limits listed in Section 2
(Composition and Information on Ingredients). If respiratory protection is needed, use only protection authorized in 29
CFR 1910.134 or applicable State regulations. Use supplied air respiration protection during emergency response
procedures to releases. The following NIOSH respiratory protection recommendations for Chlorine are provided for
additional information.
Up to 5 ppm: Chemical cartridge respirator with cartridge to protect against Chlorine or a Supplied Air
Respirator (SAR).
Up to 10 ppm: SAR in the continuous flow mode; or a Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR) with
chlorine cartridges; or full-facepiece chemical cartridge respirator with chlorine cartridge; a
gas mask with a chlorine canister; or a full-facepiece Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
(SCBA); or full-facepiece SAR.
Emergency or Planned Entry into Unknown Concentration or IDLH Conditions: Positive pressure, full-facepiece SCBA or
Escape: Gas mask with canister or mount-piece respirator with Chlorine cartridges or escape-type
SCBA.
The IDLH concentration for Chlorine is 10 ppm.
HAND PROTECTION: Wear PVC, Teflon, Kel-F, or Neoprene Rubber gloves for industrial use. Use triple gloves for
spill response (see Section 6, Accidental Release Measures). Wear mechanical resistant gloves when handling cylinders
of Chlorine.
BODY PROTECTION: Use body protection appropriate for task. An apron, or other impermeable body protection is
suggested. Full-body chemical protective clothing is recommended for emergency response procedures.
PROTECTION FOR TANK CAR OPERATIONS: Splash-suit, gloves, goggles, face-shield, boots and hard hat should be
worn during operations involving tank-cars or trucks containing Chlorine.
NOTE: Direct contact of liquid Chlorine on ANY personal protective equipment item can rapidly destroy the
equipment, leading to injury and death.

PAGE 5 OF 10
VAPOR DENSITY: 2.98 kg/m (0.186 lb/ft3)
3
EVAPORATION RATE (nBuAc = 1): Not applicable.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (air = 1): 2.473 FREEZING POINT: -101°C (-149.8°F)
SOLUBILITY IN WATER: < 1% BOILING POINT @ 1 atm: -34°C (-29.3°F)
VAPOR PRESSURE (psia): 100.0 pH: Not applicable.
EXPANSION RATIO: Not applicable. ODOR THRESHOLD: 0.6 ppm (detection)
SPECIFIC VOLUME (ft3/lb): 5.4
COEFFICIENT WATER/OIL DISTRIBUTION: Not applicable.
APPEARANCE AND COLOR: Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas/ amber liquid.
HOW TO DETECT THIS SUBSTANCE (warning properties): The odor and color of this gas are distinctive warning
properties associated with Chlorine.

STABILITY: Stable.
CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Chlorine does not decompose, but reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid. Chlorine also
reacts with carbon monoxide to form phosgene.
MATERIALS WITH WHICH SUBSTANCE IS INCOMPATIBLE: Chlorine is a powerful oxidizer. Chlorine is not
compatible with most metals (except titanium), alcohols, hydrocarbons, flammable liquids, flammable solids, flammable
gases. Chlorine can react with ammonia-based compound to form toxic chloramine gas.
CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Extreme heat and contact with incompatible chemicals.

TOXICITY DATA: The following information is for Chlorine:
3
Microsomal Mutagenicity Assay (Salmonella LCLo (inhalation, human) = 2530 mg/m / 30 LCLo (inhalation, cat) = 660 ppm/4 hours
typhimurium) = 1800 µg/L minutes; pulmonary effects. LDLo (inhalation, rabbit) = 660 ppm/4 hours
Sperm Morphology (mouse, oral) = 20 LCLo (inhalation, human) = 500/5 minutes Note: Chlorine produces no known systemic
mg/kg/5 days-continuous LC50 (inhalation, rat) = 293 ppm/1 hour effects. All symptoms and signs result
Cytogenic Analysis System test (human, LC50 (inhalation, mouse) = 137 ppm/1 hour directly or indirectly from the local irritant
lymphocyte); 20 ppm LCLo (inhalation, dog) = 800 ppm/30 minutes action of Chlorine.
INHALATION: Exposure of cats to 300 ppm for 1 hour causes severe eye irritation, coughing, breathing difficulties and may cause death. Death
rarely occurs in dogs exposed to chlorine concentrations between 280-650 ppm for 30 minutes. Rats and mice exposed at 9-11 ppm chlorine gas
for 6 hours/day for 1,3 or 5 days experienced severe damage to tissue lining the nose and respiratory tract. Rabbits exposed repeatedly to
concentrations from 0.7-1.7 ppm for up to 9 months experienced weight loss and an increased incidence of respiratory disease.
EYE CONTACT: Chlorine dissolved in water and injected into eyes of rabbits caused severe inflammation and injury to the lens.
SUSPECTED CANCER AGENT: Chlorine is not found on the following lists: FEDERAL OSHA Z LIST, NTP,
CAL/OSHA, IARC and therefore is neither considered to be nor suspected to be a cancer-causing agent by these
agencies.
IRRITANCY OF PRODUCT: Chlorine is severely irritating and corrosive to contaminated tissue.
SENSITIZATION OF PRODUCT: Chlorine is not a known sensitizer with repeated or prolonged contact.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY INFORMATION: Listed below is information concerning the effects of Chlorine on the
Mutagenicity: Chlorine has been reported to cause mutagenic effects in specific human and animal tissues during
experimental studies with exposures at relatively high doses.
Teratogenicity: Chlorine is not expected to cause teratogenic effects in humans.
Mutagenicity: Chlorine has not been reported to cause mutagenic effects in humans.
Embryotoxicity: Chlorine has not been reported to cause embryotoxic effects
Reproductive Toxicity: Chlorine is not expected to cause adverse reproductive effects in humans.

PAGE 6 OF 10
11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION (Continued)
MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE: Conditions relating to the target organs may be aggravated
by overexposures to Chlorine. See Section 3 (Hazard Identification) for information on these conditions.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO PHYSICIANS: Treat symptoms, administer oxygen, check teeth for signs of erosion, and
conduct lung function tests and chest x-ray. Observe for signs of pulmonary edema. Eliminate overexposure.
BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES (BEIs): Currently, Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) are not applicable for
Chlorine.

ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY: Chlorine is stable and found naturally in the environment (sources include volcanoes).
All work practices should be aimed at eliminating environmental contamination. Additional environmental data for
Chlorine are available as follows:
CHLORINE: Water Solubility = 310 cc/ 100 cc water at 10°C. 1.46 g/ 100 cc water at 0°C. 177 cc/ 100 cc water at 30°C. Chlorine hydrolyzes in
water to produce hypochlorous acid. There is not potential for bioaccumulation or bioconcentration, due to the toxicity of this substance.
EFFECT OF MATERIAL ON PLANTS or ANIMALS: Due to the corrosive nature of Chlorine, animals exposed to
Chlorine will experience tissue damage, burns, and may be killed. Oxygen displacement can also be a factor in the
toxicity of Chlorine. Plants contaminated with Chlorine may be adversely effected or destroyed. Additional data on
effects of Chlorine on plants are available as follows:
(1) Seeds of lettuce were treated with 5 or 10% solutions of available chlorine. 5% solution killed seedlings more quickly because pH fell more
quickly, causing higher concentration of hypochlorous acid. (2) exposure to 5% sodium hypochlorite for 120 minutes resulted in abnormal
seedlings.
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL ON AQUATIC LIFE: Though Chlorine is only slightly soluble in water, even low concentrations
of Chlorine in water is detrimental to aquatic life. If a release of Chlorine occurs near a river or other body of water, the
release has the potential to kill fish and other aquatic life. Additional aquatic toxicity data are available for Chlorine as
follows:
LC50 (Daphnia magna/water flea) = 0.097 mg/L 30 minutes LC50 (Daphnia pulex) = 0.49 mg/L/96 hours
LC50 (Daphnia magna/water flea) = 0.063 mg/L 60 minutes LC50 (Micropterus salmoides, largemouth bass) = 0.74 mg/L/24
LC50 (Gambusia affinis/mosquito fish) = 1.59 mg/L 30 minutes hours
LC50 (Gambusia affinis/mosquito fish) = 0.84 mg/L 60 minutes LC50 (Salmo gardnerii, rainbow trout) = 0.08 mg/L/ 168 hours
TLm (Grass shrimp) = 22 mg/L/96 hours TLm (Carassium auratus, goldfish) = 0.17 mg/L/24 hours)
TLm (Ocean spot) = 0.14 mg/L/24 hours; stress LC50 (Lepomis macrochirus, bluegill sunfish) = 0.44 mg/L/ 96 hours
TLm (Daphnia magna/water flea) = 0.017 mg/L 46 hours LC50 (Pimephales promelas, fathead minnow) = 0.1 mg/L; 96 hr
LC50 (Oncorhyncus kisutsh/Coho salmon) = 208:g/L 60 minutes LC50 (Lepomis cyanellus, green sunfish) = 3.0 mg/L/ 24 hours
TL50 (Keratella cochlearis) = 0.019 mg/L/4 hours Carp: 1.5-0.2 mg/L/12-16 days; 25% killed.

PREPARING WASTES FOR DISPOSAL: Waste disposal must be in accordance with appropriate Federal, State, and
local regulations. Return cylinders with any residual product to Inc. Do not dispose of locally.

TRANSPORTATION.
PROPER SHIPPING NAME: Chlorine
HAZARD CLASS NUMBER and DESCRIPTION: 2.3 (Poison Gas)
DOT LABEL(S) REQUIRED: Poison Gas; Corrosive
SPECIAL PROVISION: Chlorine is poisonous by inhalation. Shipments must be properly described as inhalation
hazards (ZONE B).

PAGE 7 OF 10
BULK SHIPMENTS: Follow the requirements of 49 CFR 172.314 and 315.
MARINE POLLUTANT: Chlorine is designated by the Department of Transportation to be a Marine Pollutant (49 CFR
172.101, Appendix B).
CONSIDERED AS DANGEROUS GOODS. Refer to the above information for Canadian Shipments. Note: Additional
hazard class for Chlorine is: 5.1 (Oxidizing Substance)

U.S. SARA REPORTING REQUIREMENTS: Chlorine is subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 302, 304,
and 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, as follows:
CHEMICAL NAME SARA 302 SARA 304 SARA 313
CHLORINE YES YES YES
U.S. SARA THRESHOLD PLANNING QUANTITY: Chlorine = 100 lb.
U.S. CERCLA REPORTABLE QUANTITIES (RQ): CERCLA RQ and EHS (Extremely Hazardous Substance) RQ for
Chlorine = 10 lb.
CANADIAN DSL/NDSL INVENTORY STATUS: Chlorine is on the DSL Inventory.
U.S. TSCA INVENTORY STATUS: Chlorine is listed on the TSCA Inventory.
OTHER U.S. FEDERAL REGULATIONS: Chlorine is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 112(r) of the
Clean Air Act. The Threshold Quantity of Chlorine is 2500 lbs. When Chlorine is used for potable water, the finished
drinking water should be monitored for disinfection by-products, in accordance with State and US EPA regulations and
guidelines. Compliance with the OSHA Process Safety Standard (29 CFR 1910.119) may be applicable to operations
involving the use of Chlorine. Under this regulation Chlorine is listed in Appendix A. The Threshold Quantity of Chlorine
under this regulation is 1500 lb.
U.S. STATE REGULATORY INFORMATION: Chlorine is covered under the following specific State regulations:
Alaska - Designated Toxic and Michigan - Critical Materials Register: Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substances: Chlorine. Chlorine. List: Chlorine.
California - Permissible Exposure Minnesota - List of Hazardous Rhode Island - Hazardous Substance
Limits for Chemical Contaminants: Substances: Chlorine. List: Chlorine.
Chlorine. Missouri - Employer Information/Toxic Texas - Hazardous Substance List:
Florida - Substance List: Chlorine. Substance List: Chlorine. Chlorine.
Illinois - Toxic Substance List: New Jersey - Right to Know West Virginia - Hazardous Substance
Chlorine. Hazardous Substance List: List: Chlorine.
Kansas - Section 302/313 List: Chlorine. Wisconsin - Toxic and Hazardous
Chlorine. North Dakota - List of Hazardous Substances: Chlorine.
Massachusetts - Substance List: Chemicals, Reportable Quantities:
Chlorine. Chlorine.
CALIFORNIA SAFE DRINKING WATER AND TOXIC ENFORCEMENT ACT (PROPOSITION 65): Chlorine is not on
the California Proposition 65 lists.
LABELING:
DANGER: POISONOUS, CORROSIVE LIQUID AND GAS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE.
CAN CAUSE EYE, SKIN AND RESPIRATORY TRACT BURNS.
CAN SUPPORT COMBUSTION.
Do not breath gas.
Store and use with adequate ventilation, and use in closed systems.
Do not get in eyes, on skin or clothing.
Keep oil, grease, and combustibles away.
Use with equipment of compatible materials of construction.

PAGE 8 OF 10
EXPOSURE LIMITS IN AIR: NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (Continued):
ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, a Flammability Hazard and Reactivity Hazard: Refer to definitions for
professional association which establishes exposure limits. TLV - “Hazardous Materials Identification System”.
Threshold Limit Value - an airborne concentration of a substance which
represents conditions under which it is generally believed that nearly all FLAMMABILITY LIMITS IN AIR:
workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse effect. The duration Much of the information related to fire and explosion is derived from the
must be considered, including the 8-hour Time Weighted Average (TWA), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Flash Point - Minimum
the 15-minute Short Term Exposure Limit, and the instantaneous Ceiling temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable
Level (C). Skin absorption effects must also be considered. mixture with air. Autoignition Temperature: The minimum temperature
OSHA - U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. PEL - required to initiate combustion in air with no other source of ignition. LEL -
Permissible Exposure Limit - This exposure value means exactly the same the lowest percent of vapor in air, by volume, that will explode or ignite in
as a TLV, except that it is enforceable by OSHA. The OSHA Permissible the presence of an ignition source. UEL - the highest percent of vapor in air,
Exposure Limits are based in the 1989 PELs and the June, 1993 Air by volume, that will explode or ignite in the presence of an ignition source.
Contaminants Rule (Federal Register: 58: 35338-35351 and 58: 40191).
Both the current PELs and the vacated PELs are indicated. The phrase, TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION:
“Vacated 1989 PEL,” is placed next to the PEL which was vacated by Possible health hazards as derived from human data, animal studies, or
Court Order. from the results of studies with similar compounds are presented.
IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health - This level represents a Definitions of some terms used in this section are: LD50 - Lethal Dose
concentration from which one can escape within 30-minutes without (solids & liquids) which kills 50% of the exposed animals; LC50 - Lethal
suffering escape-preventing or permanent injury. The DFG - MAK is the Concentration (gases) which kills 50% of the exposed animals; ppm
Republic of Germany’s Maximum Exposure Level, similar to the U.S. PEL. concentration expressed in parts of material per million parts of air or water;
NIOSH is the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, which mg/m3 concentration expressed in weight of substance per volume of air;
is the research arm of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health mg/kg quantity of material, by weight, administered to a test subject, based
Administration (OSHA). NIOSH issues exposure guidelines called on their body weight in kg. Data from several sources are used to evaluate
Recommended Exposure Levels (RELs). When no exposure guidelines the cancer-causing potential of the material. The sources are: IARC - the
are established, an entry of NE is made for reference. International Agency for Research on Cancer; NTP - the National
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM: Health Hazard: scale of decreasing potential to cause human cancer with rankings from 1
0 (minimal acute or chronic exposure hazard); 1 (slight acute or chronic to 4. Subrankings (2A, 2B, etc.) are also used. Other measures of toxicity
exposure hazard); 2 (moderate acute or significant chronic exposure include TDLo, the lowest dose to cause a symptom and TCLo the lowest
hazard); 3 (severe acute exposure hazard; onetime overexposure can result concentration to cause a symptom; TDo, LDLo, and LDo, or TC, TCo,
in permanent injury and may be fatal); 4 (extreme acute exposure hazard; LCLo, and LCo, the lowest dose (or concentration) to cause lethal or toxic
onetime overexposure can be fatal). Flammability Hazard: 0 (minimal effects. BEI - Biological Exposure Indices, represent the levels of
hazard); 1 (materials that require substantial pre-heating before burning); 2 determinants which are most likely to be observed in specimens collected
from a healthy worker who has been exposed to chemicals to the same
(combustible liquid or solids; liquids with a flash point of 38-93°C [100-
extent as a worker with inhalation exposure to the TLV. Ecological
200°F]); 3 (Class IB and IC flammable liquids with flash points below 38°C
Information: EC is the effect concentration in water.
[100°F]); 4 (Class IA flammable liquids with flash points below 23°C [73°F]
and boiling points below 38°C [100°F]. Reactivity Hazard: 0 (normally REGULATORY INFORMATION:
stable); 1 (material that can become unstable at elevated temperatures or This section explains the impact of various laws and regulations on the
which can react slightly with water); 2 (materials that are unstable but do material. EPA is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. WHMIS is
not detonate or which can react violently with water); 3 (materials that can the Canadian Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System. DOT
detonate when initiated or which can react explosively with water); 4 and TC are the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Transport
(materials that can detonate at normal temperatures or pressures). Canada, respectively. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION: Health Hazard: 0 (SARA); the Canadian Domestic/Non-Domestic Substances List
(material that on exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard (DSL/NDSL); the U.S. Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA); Marine
beyond that of ordinary combustible materials); 1 (materials that on Pollutant status according to the DOT; the Comprehensive Environmental
exposure under fire conditions could cause irritation or minor residual Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund); and
injury); 2 (materials that on intense or continued exposure under fire various state regulations.
or major residual injury).

PAGE 10 OF 10
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: Ethylene Oxide is a colorless, highly reactive, toxic, flammable gas at normal
temperature pressure, and a colorless liquid below 10.4°C (50.7°F). Both the liquid and the gas have an ether-like
odor. Exposure to even very small quantities can result in severe health effects; inhalation of higher concentrations
may be fatal. Ethylene Oxide is a suspected human carcinogen and a reproductive toxin. Ethylene Oxide can form
flammable mixtures in air and presents an extreme fire hazard when accidentally released. Ethylene Oxide is slightly
heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash-back to a leak. Ethylene oxide
is highly reactive and can undergo hazardous polymerization if contaminated. Emergency responders must wear
adequate personal protective equipment and provide suitable fire protection during response situations.

The most significant route of overexposure for this gas is by HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INFORMATION
inhalation, ingestion and skin and eye contact. The following SYSTEM
paragraphs describe symptoms of exposure by route of exposure.
INHALATION: Ethylene Oxide is considered moderately toxic by HEALTH (BLUE) 3
inhalation. Exposure to low concentrations of vapors of Ethylene
Oxide can result in nausea, vomiting, and other effects on the central
nervous system. These symptoms can be delayed for five or more
hours after exposure. Inhalation of low to moderate concentrations of
Ethylene Oxide will cause irritation of the nose, throat, mucous FLAMMABILITY (RED) 4
membranes and upper respiratory tract. Inhalation of high

concentrations of Ethylene Oxide (as may occur if Ethylene Oxide is
used or released in a poorly-ventilated area or confined space, or
during a release of large volumes of this product), can cause REACTIVITY (YELLOW) 3
potentially fatal pulmonary edema. Odor is not a reliable warning
property for Ethylene Oxide; inhalation of low concentrations of this
gas can cause olfactory fatigue rather rapidly. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT X
CONTACT WITH SKIN or EYES: Contact of vapors or liquid with
the skin can cause blistering to severe, delayed chemical burns. Skin EYES RESPIRATORY HANDS BODY
ulcers may be delayed, often appearing one to five hours after
contact. Allergic dermatitis may occur after prolonged or repeated
skin exposures. Contact of vapors with the eyes can cause moderate See See
to severe irritation, resulting in tearing, redness and burns. Direct Section 8 Section 8
contact of Liquid Ethylene Oxide with the eyes, will cause severe For routine industrial applications
irritation and corneal injury, possibly leading to blindness. Repeated
eye over-exposure may lead to cataracts. See Section 16 for Definition of Ratings
SKIN ABSORPTION: Ethylene Oxide may be absorbed through intact skin, causing systemic poisoning as described
under “Other Potential Health Effects”.
INGESTION: Ingestion is not anticipated to be a significant route of industrial over-exposure for Ethylene Oxide. If
ingested, Ethylene Oxide is toxic by ingestion, causing symptoms of systemic poisoning as described under “Other
Potential Health Effects”.
OTHER POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS: Ethylene Oxide is a poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and
intravenous routes. Human system effects by these routes and by inhalation can lead to convulsions, nausea, vomiting,
olfactory and pulmonary changes, drowsiness, weakness and incoordination, EKG abnormalities, and cyanosis. Ethylene
Oxide is a suspected human carcinogen (potentially causing leukemia, as well as stomach and pancreatic cancers) with
experimental carcinogenic, tumorigenic, neoplastigenic and teratogenic data. Over-exposure to Ethylene Oxide may also
cause liver, kidney, and central nervous system damage. For further information, see Section 11, Toxicological
Information.
HEALTH EFFECTS OR RISKS FROM EXPOSURE: An Explanation in Lay Terms. Overexposure to Ethylene Oxide
may cause the following health effects:
ACUTE: Ethylene Oxide is a severe irritant via inhalation, skin and eye contact and may cause delayed injury. Exposure
to low concentrations by inhalation can cause nausea and vomiting, which can also be delayed after exposure. Acute
over-exposure to high concentrations via inhalation can lead to potentially fatal pulmonary edema. Contact of the liquid
with the eyes can cause corneal burns and possibly blindness. Acute exposure via all routes can lead to systemic
poisoning, leading to symptoms of convulsions, nausea, vomiting, cyanosis and changes in olfactory senses, pulmonary
system and to EKG abnormalities.
ETHYLENE OXIDE - C2H4O MSDS (DOCUMENT # 001081)

PAGE 2 OF 11
FOR3. TRAINING USE
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ONLY
(Continued)
CHRONIC: Ethylene Oxide is a suspected human carcinogen. Experimental data are available as to the tumorigenic,
carcinogenic, neoplastigenic and teratogenic properties of Ethylene Oxide. Refer to Section 11 (Toxicology Information)
for additional data. Repeated exposure to low levels of the gas or liquid may lead to dermatitis, with symptoms of
redness, dried and cracked skin.
TARGET ORGANS: Respiratory system, skin, eyes, reproductive system, kidney, liver.

RESCUERS SHOULD NOT ATTEMPT TO RETRIEVE VICTIMS OF EXPOSURE TO ETHYLENE
OXIDE WITHOUT ADEQUATE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. At a minimum, Self-
Contained Breathing Apparatus and Chemically-Resistant and Fire-Retardant Personal
Protective equipment should be worn. Adequate fire protection must be provided during rescue
situations.
Remove victim(s) to fresh air, as quickly as possible. Treatment for Ethylene Oxide poisoning must be prompt. All over-
exposed individuals must receive medical evaluation, because the development of symptoms to potentially life-
threatening conditions may be delayed. Keep victims warm and comfortable.
INHALATION: If vapors, mists, or sprays of any of Ethylene Oxide are inhaled, remove victim to fresh air. If necessary,
use artificial respiration to support vital functions. Only trained personnel should administer supplemental oxygen and/or
cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, if necessary. Remove or cover gross contamination to avoid exposure to rescuers.
SKIN EXPOSURE: If Ethylene Oxide contaminates the skin, immediately begin decontamination with running water.
Minimum flushing is for 15 minutes. Remove exposed or contaminated clothing, taking care not to contaminate eyes.
of label and MSDS to physician or other health professional with victim(s). Specific notes to physicians are located in
Section 11, Toxicological Information.
FLASH POINT: -20°C (-4°F)
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE: 429°C (804°F) NFPA RATING
FLAMMABLE LIMITS (in air by volume, %): FLAMMABILITY
Lower (LEL): 3.0%

Upper (UEL): 100% 4
FIRE EXTINGUISHING MATERIALS: Extinguish Ethylene Oxide fires by HEALTH 3 3 REACTIVITY

shutting-off the source of the gas. Use a fine water spray or fog to reduce
combustion products formed in air. Cool fire-exposed cylinders with water spray,
from the maximum distance possible. Alcohol foam, carbon dioxide or dry
chemical forms of fire extinguishing agents can be used against Ethylene Oxide OTHER
fires.
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Ethylene oxide presents a See Section 16 for
serious health hazard to firefighters; short-term over-exposures to this substance Definition of Ratings
can cause serious injury or death. Ethylene Oxide is a Class IA flammable liquid.
Ethylene Oxide will readily ignite at room temperature. Ethylene Oxide is slightly heavier than air and can travel
considerable distances to a source of ignition and flash-back to the leak. Ethylene Oxide can react violently with water,
and can undergo hazardous polymerization.
DANGER! Fires impinging (direct flame) on the outside surface of unprotected pressure storage vessels of Ethylene
Oxide can be very dangerous. Direct flame exposure on the cylinder wall can cause an explosion by exothermic
decomposition. This is a catastrophic failure of the vessel releasing the contents into a massive fireball and explosion.
The resulting fire and explosion can result in severe equipment damage and personnel injury or death over a large area
around the vessel. For massive fires in large areas, use unmanned hose holder or monitor nozzles; if this is not possible,
withdraw from area and allow fire to burn.

PAGE 3 OF 11
FOR TRAINING
5. FIRE-FIGHTING USE
MEASURES ONLY
(Continued)
Explosion Sensitivity to Static Discharge: Sensitive. Static charge can build-up and may cause this product to ignite
explosively if released.
SPECIAL FIRE-FIGHTING PROCEDURES: In the event of fire, cool containers of this product with water to prevent
failure. Use a water spray or fog to reduce or direct vapors. Water is not effective in actually extinguishing a fire
involving Ethylene Oxide, due to its low flash point and the potential for an explosive chemical reaction. Stop the leak or
discharge, if possible. For small releases, if it is not possible to stop the leak, and it does not endanger personnel, let the
fire burn itself out. Incipient fire responders should wear eye protection. Structural fire-fighters must wear Self-Contained
Breathing Apparatus and full protective equipment. Appropriate chemically-protective clothing may be necessary. Keep
away from low-lying areas. Stay upwind. Evacuation of non-emergency personnel is essential. If water is not available
for cooling or protection of vessel exposures, evacuate the area. Follow the guidelines of the North American
Emergency Response Guidebook (Guide #119).

procedures. Proper protective equipment should be used. In case of a release, clear the affected area, protect people,
and respond with trained personnel. Adequate fire protection must be provided. Minimum Personal Protective
Equipment should be Level B: fire-retardant protective clothing, gloves resistant to tears, and Self-Contained
Breathing Apparatus.
Use only non-sparking tools and equipment. Locate and seal the source of the leaking gas. Protect personnel
attempting the shut off with water spray. Allow the gas to dissipate. Monitor the surrounding area for combustible gas
levels and oxygen. The atmosphere must have at least 19.5 percent oxygen before personnel can be allowed in the area
without Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus. Combustible gas concentration must be below 10% of the LEL (LEL =
3.0%) prior to entry. Attempt to close the main source valve prior to entering the area. If this does not stop the release
(or if it is not possible to reach the valve), allow the gas to release in place or remove it to a safe area and allow the gas
to be released there.
NOTE: Colorimetric tubes and direct reading instruments are available for Ethylene Oxide.
THIS IS AN EXTREMELY TOXIC, REACTIVE, FLAMMABLE GAS. Protection of all personnel and the area must be
maintained.

WORK PRACTICES AND HYGIENE PRACTICES: As with all chemicals, avoid getting Ethylene Oxide IN YOU. Do not
eat or drink while handling chemicals. Be aware of any signs of dizziness or fatigue; exposures to fatal concentrations of
Ethylene Oxide could occur without any significant warning symptoms. All areas where Ethylene Oxide is used should be
monitored with very sensitive gas detection instruments. Detection of concentrations below 50% of the TLV level of 1
ppm should trigger immediate response and corrective action. Detection of higher levels should initiate an alarm calling
for evacuation of all personnel with the potential to be exposed. Due to the toxicity of Ethylene Oxide, all contaminated
clothing should be removed and placed in a sealed container for proper disposal.
NOTE: Refer to the OSHA Ethylene Oxide Standard (29 CFR 1910.1047) for specific requirements associated with the
use of this gas. The Action Level for Ethylene Oxide is 0.5 ppm. In workplaces where employees are exposed above the
Action Level, the OSHA requirements for monitoring, establishment of regulated areas, methods of compliance,
respiratory protection, emergency response protocol, medical surveillance, training, and record-keeping must be followed
STORAGE AND HANDLING PRACTICES: Entrances to regulated areas (as defined by the OSHA Ethylene Oxide
Standard) must be posted with legible signs which reads as follows:
DANGER
ETHYLENE OXIDE
CANCER HAZARD AND REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
RESPIRATORS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING MAY BE REQUIRED TO
BE WORN IN THIS AREA

PAGE 4 OF 11
FOR7. HANDLING
TRAINING USE
and STORAGE ONLY
(Continued)
STORAGE AND HANDLING PRACTICES (continued): Additionally, refer to Appendix A of the Ethylene Oxide Standard
(29 CFR 1910.1047) to determine specific workplace practices (e.g., changing supply line filters, work in restricted
access areas, door opening procedures, sterilizers without purge cycles, chamber unloading procedures, maintenance).
Cylinders should be stored in dry, well-ventilated areas away from sources of heat. Compressed gases can present
significant safety hazards. Store containers away from heavily trafficked areas and emergency exits. Post “No Smoking
or Open Flames” signs in storage or use areas.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR HANDLING GAS CYLINDERS: Cylinders should be separated from oxygen cylinders,
or other oxidizers, by a minimum distance of 20 ft., or by a barrier of non-combustible material at least 5 ft. high, having a
fire-resistance rating of at least 0.5 hours. Isolate from other incompatible chemicals (refer to Section 10, Stability and
Reactivity). Storage areas must meet national electrical codes for Class 1 Hazardous Areas. Post “No Smoking or
Open Flames” signs in storage or use areas. Consider installation of leak detection and alarm for storage and use areas.
Have appropriate extinguishing equipment in the storage area (i.e. sprinkler system, portable fire extinguishers). Keep
the smallest amount on-site as is necessary. Full and empty cylinders should be segregated. Use a first-in, first-out
inventory system to prevent full containers from being stored for long periods of time. Use non-sparking ventilation
systems, approved explosion-proof equipment, and appropriate electrical systems. Electrical equipment used in gas-
handling operations, or located in storage areas, should be non-sparking or explosion proof. Use a check valve in the
discharge line to prevent hazardous backflow. The following rules are applicable to situations in which cylinders are being
used:
Before Use: Move cylinders with a suitable hand truck. Do not drag, slide, or roll cylinders. Do not drop cylinders or
permit them to strike each other. Secure cylinders firmly. Leave the valve protection cap, if provided, in place until
cylinder is ready for use.
After Use: Close main cylinder valve. Replace valve protection cap, if provided. Mark empty cylinders “EMPTY”.
NOTE: Use only DOT or ASME code containers. Earth-ground and bond all lines and equipment associated with
Ethylene Oxide. Close valve after each use and when empty. Cylinders must not be recharged except by or with the
consent of owner. For additional information refer to the Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet P-1, Safe Handling of
Compressed Gases in Containers. Additionally, refer to CGA Bulletin SB-2 “Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres”.
in Section 6 (Accidental Release Measures). Make certain that application equipment is locked and tagged-out safely.
Purge gas handling equipment with inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) before attempting repairs.

VENTILATION AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Install automatic monitoring equipment to detect the level of
Ethylene Oxide. Provide explosion-proof ventilation adequate to ensure Ethylene Oxide does not reach its lower
flammability limit of 3.0%. Process enclosure and local exhaust ventilation is recommended for operations involving
Ethylene Oxide. Refer to Appendix A of the OSHA Ethylene Oxide Standard (29 CFR 1910.1047) for specific
information on workplace design and engineering controls (e.g. gas line hand valves, “capture boxes”, and ventilation
systems for aeration units, sterilizer relief valves, and in areas in which cylinder are changed).
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Maintain Ethylene Oxide levels below 50% of the TLV (1 ppm) and oxygen levels
above 19.5% in the workplace. The use of supplied air respiratory protection is recommended when changing Ethylene
Oxide cylinders or working on Ethylene Oxide systems. Use supplied air respiratory protection when Ethylene Oxide
levels exceed 50% of the TLV (1 ppm), oxygen levels are below 19.5%, or during emergency response to a release of
this product. During an emergency situation, before entering the area, check the concentration of Ethylene Oxide and
oxygen. If respiratory protection is needed, use only protection authorized in the U.S. Federal OSHA Standard (29 CFR
1910.134), applicable U.S. State regulations, or the appropriate standards of Canada and its Provinces. The following
NIOSH guidelines for respirator selection are provided for additional information:
Up to 5 ppm Gas mask with canister, full-facepiece SCBA or full-facepiece Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)
Emergency or Planned Entry into Unknown Concentration or IDLH Conditions: Positive-pressure, full facepiece SCBA or
Escape Gas mask with canister to protect against Ethylene Oxide or escape-type SCBA should be
used.

PAGE 5 OF 11
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS - PERSONAL PROTECTION (Continued)
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION (continued):
The IDLH concentration for Ethylene Oxide is 800 ppm; however, the carcinogenic properties of Ethylene Oxide were
not taken into consideration in determining the IDLH.
NOTE: Follow the specific respiratory selection guidelines of the OSHA Ethylene Oxide Standard in regulated areas (as
defined by 29 CFR 1910.1047).
EYE PROTECTION: Safety glasses or goggles, with faceshield.
HAND PROTECTION: Wear chemically impervious gloves appropriate for Ethylene Oxide for industrial use. Gloves
should have a resistance to breakthrough greater than 8 hours, such as polyvinyl alcohol, Barricade™, Chemrel™, or
Responder™. Natural rubber, neoprene, nitrile rubber, or polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, Viton™, Saranexl™ are not
recommended. Use triple gloves for spill response (see Section 6, Accidental Release Measures).
BODY PROTECTION: Use body protection appropriate for task. Transfer of large quantities under pressure may
require protective equipment and appropriate fire retardant items. For emergency response operations, clothing resistant
to the toxic effects of Ethylene Oxide is required (Level A Protection may be required).

GAS DENSITY @ 20°C (68°F) and 21.1 psia (146.0 kPa abs): 0.1751 lb/ft3 (2.804 kg/m3
LIQUID DENSITY @ 20°C (68°F) and 21.1 psia (146.0 kPa abs): 54.30 lb/ft3 (869.8 kg/m3)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY ( air = 1): 1.490 FREEZING POINT @ 14.7 psia: -112.6°C (-170.7°F)
SOLUBILITY IN WATER: Miscible. BOILING POINT @ 14.7 psia: 10.4°C (50.7°F)
EVAPORATION RATE (nBuAc = 1): Not applicable. EXPANSION RATIO: Not applicable
COEFFICIENT WATER/OIL DISTRIBUTION: Log P (oct) = -0.30 SPECIFIC VOLUME (ft3/lb): 8.8
VAPOR PRESSURE @20°C (68°F): 21.1 psia (146.0 kPa) pH: Not applicable.
ODOR THRESHOLD: 420 ppm (detection); 490 ppm (recognition)
APPEARANCE AND COLOR: Colorless gas with an ether-like odor at normal pressure and temperature; colorless
liquid, with an ether-like odor below 10.4°C (50.7°F).
HOW TO DETECT THIS SUBSTANCE (warning properties): The odor of Ethylene Oxide is not a good warning property
as it will rapidly cause olfactory fatigue. Monitoring systems must be used for detection of this gas. In terms of leak
detection, fittings and joints can be painted with a soap solution to detect leaks, which will be indicated by a bubble
formation.

STABILITY: Ethylene Oxide is highly reactive. Ethylene Oxide may undergo a runaway reaction with water.
DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: When involved in a fire, this material may decompose and produce toxic gases (i.e.,
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide), irritating fumes and acrid smoke.
MATERIALS WITH WHICH SUBSTANCE IS INCOMPATIBLE: Ethylene Oxide can polymerize violently when in
contact with highly catalytic surfaces such as anhydrous iron, tin, aluminum chloride, and ammonia, pure iron, aluminum
oxides, and alkali metal hydroxides. Ethylene Oxide is incompatible with bases, alcohols, air, m-nitroaniline, trimethyl
amine, copper, iron chlorides, iron oxides, magnesium perchlorate, mercaptans, potassium, alkane thiols and
bromomethane. Ethylene Oxide reacts explosively with glycerol above 200°F (93.3°C). Rapid compression of the vapor
of Ethylene Oxide with air can cause an explosion.
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Hazardous polymerization may occur if contaminated or in contact with
incompatible materials, as listed above.
CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Contact with incompatible materials and exposure to heat, sparks, and other sources of
ignition. Cylinders exposed to high temperatures or direct flame can rupture or burst.

PAGE 6 OF 11
TOXICITY DATA: The following data are available for Ethylene Oxide.
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis-Human: leukocyte 4 mmol/L Inhalation-Rat TC: 33 ppm/6 hours/2 years - intermittent: Equivocal
Sister Chromatid Exchange-Human: lymphocyte 4 pph tumorigenic agent
Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. Inhalation-Rat TC: 33 ppm/6 hours/2 years - intermittent:
Skin-Human 1%/7 seconds Carcinogenic effects
Eye effects-Rabbit, adult 18 mg/6 hours Moderate irritation effects Inhalation-Human TCLo: 12,500 ppm/10 seconds: nose
Mutation in Microorganisms-other microorganisms 540 mg/L Inhalation-Woman TCLo: 500 ppm/2 minutes: Central nervous
Sister Chromatid Exchange-Human: lymphocyte 10 mg/L Gastrointestinal tract , Pulmonary system effects
50
DNA Damage-Mouse-Intraperitoneal 100 mg/kg Oral-Rat LD : 72 mg/kg
Dominant Lethal Test-Mouse-Inhalation 500 ppm/6 hours/4 days- Inhalation-Rat LC50: 800 ppm/4 hours
continuous Subcutaneous-Rat LD50: 187 mg/kg
Intraperitoneal-Mouse TDLo: 750 mg/kg (male 25D Inhalation-Mouse LC50: 836 ppm/4 hours
pre):Reproductive effects Intraperitoneal-Mouse LD50: 175 mg/kg
Inhalation-Mouse TCLo: 1200 ppm/90 minutes (female 1 day Intravenous-Mouse LD50: 290 mg/kg
post):Teratogenic effects Inhalation-Dog, adult LC50: 960 ppm/4 hours
Oral-Rat TDLo: 1186 mg/kg/2 years- intermittent: Carcinogenic Subcutaneous-Cat, adult LDLo: 100 mg/kg
effects Intravenous-Rabbit, adult LDLo: 175 mg/kg
Inhalation-Rat TCLo: 33 ppm/6 hours/2 years- intermittent: Inhalation-Guinea Pig, adult LC50: 1500 mg/m3/4 hours
Carcinogenic effects Specific locus test - Parenteral: Insect - Drosophila melanogaster:
Inhalation-Mouse TDLo: 50 ppm/6 hours/2 years: Carcinogenic 114 mmol/L
effects, tumors Cytogenetic analysis: Parenteral - Drosophila melanogaster: 55
Subcutaneous-Mouse TDLo: 292 mg/kg/95 weeks- intermittent: mmol/L
Carcinogenic effects Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction: Parenteral - Drosophila
Subcutaneous-Mouse TD: 1090 mg/kg/91 weeks - intermittent: melanogaster: 55 mmol/L
Neoplastic effects Mutation in microorganisms: Mold - Neurospora crassa: 140
Subcutaneous-Mouse TD: 908 mg/kg/95 weeks - Intermittent: mmol/L/10 minutes
Carcinogenic effects Cytogenetic analysis - hamster Fibroblast: 250 ppm
Subcutaneous-Mouse TD: 2576 mg/kg/95 weeks - intermittent: Mutation in mammalian somatic cells: Rodent - hamster: 5 mg/L/1
Carcinogenic effects hour
Oral-Rat TD: 5112 mg/kg/2 years - intermittent: Carcinogenic effects Mutation in mammalian somatic cells - hamster Lung: 7500 ppm/2
Inhalation-Rat TC: 50 ppm/7 hours/2 years - intermittent: hours (Continuous)
Carcinogenic effects
SUSPECTED CANCER AGENT: Ethylene Oxide is listed as follows: IARC-2A (Probably Carcinogenic to Humans;
Limited Human Evidence/Sufficient Evidence in Experimental Animals); MAK-A2 (Unmistakable Carcinogenic in Animal
Experimentation Only); NTP-2A (Reasonably Anticipated to be a Carcinogen; Limited Evidence of Carcinogenicity from
Studies with Humans); OSHA-X (Carcinogen); NIOSH-X (Carcinogen); ACGIH-A2 (Suspected Human Carcinogen).
IRRITANCY OF PRODUCT: Ethylene Oxide is moderately to severely irritating to contaminated skin and severely
irritating to the eyes.
SENSITIZATION TO THE PRODUCT: Ethylene Oxide is a sensitizer after prolonged or repeated over-exposures.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY INFORMATION: Listed below is information concerning the effects of this product on the
Mutagenicity: Studies indicate that Ethylene Oxide workers are more likely to have chromosomal damage that similar
workers not exposed to this substance. Human mutation data are also available for Ethylene Oxide; these data were
obtained during clinical studies on specific human tissues exposed to this substance.
Embryotoxcity: Ethylene Oxide may cause embryotoxic effects. There is an increased incidence of spontaneous
abortions among workers in Ethylene Oxide production.
Teratogenicity: Ethylene Oxide may be teratogenic and damage the developing fetus. Animal teratogenicity data are
available from clinical studies.
Reproductive Toxicity: There is an increased incidence of gynecological disorders among workers in ethylene oxide
production. One study indicated a reduced sperm count in exposed workers. Data on adverse reproductive effects are
also available from animal studies
propagate through generational lines. An embryotoxin is a chemical which causes damage to a developing embryo
(i.e., within the first eight weeks of pregnancy in humans), but the damage does not propagate across generational
lines. A teratogen is a chemical which causes damage to a developing fetus, but the damage does not propagate
across generational lines. A reproductive toxin is any substance which interferes in any way with the reproductive
process.

PAGE 7 OF 11
FOR TRAINING
11. TOXICOLOGICAL USE(Continued)
INFORMATION ONLY
MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE: Acute or chronic respiratory conditions may be aggravated
by over-exposure to this product. Additionally, blood, kidney, liver and cardiovascular conditions may also be aggravated
(depending on the severity and duration of the over-exposure).
RECOMMENDATIONS TO PHYSICIANS: If victim experiences nausea and vomiting, sufficient quantities of warm water
should be administered in order to wash out stomach. Unpublished reports indicate that, for persistent nausea and
vomiting caused by inhalation of Ethylene Oxide vapors, an intramuscular injection of sodium phenobarbital (of 2 grains),
is very helpful in controlling such symptoms.
In event of severe exposure and if victim is still breathing, victim should be administered 100% oxygen under positive
exhalation pressure for one-half hour periods every hour for at least three hours. If no sign of lung congestion appears
after this period and if breathing is easy and skin and mucous membranes show good color, oxygen therapy can be
discontinued. If breathing has stopped, artificial respiration should be started preferably while administering oxygen,
preferably. For skin burns resulting in blister formation, evacuate blisters and apply solid petroleum dressings. Skin
burns from exposure to aqueous solutions of Ethylene Oxide should receive copious irrigation of normal saline followed
by application of a topical antimicrobial agent, such as silver sulfadiazine cream and a dressing. Signs of burns may not
appear after exposure for up to 5 hours.
Refer to the OSHA Ethylene Oxide Standard (29 CFR 1910.1047; paragraph I) for specific information on Medical
Surveillance requirements (i.e. for the general physical exam, medical history, specific tests, and re-examination
protocol). Physical examinations must be given with emphasis on the skin and eyes, as well as the pulmonary,
hematologic, neurologic, and reproductive systems.
ACGIH BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES (BEIs): Currently, ACGIH Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) are not
applicable for Ethylene Oxide.

ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY: This gas will be dissipated rapidly in well-ventilated areas. Based on limited data,
Ethylene Oxide is expected to biodegrade at a reasonable rate after acclimation.
EFFECT OF MATERIAL ON PLANTS or ANIMALS: Ethylene Oxide is an extremely toxic gas which can be harmful or
fatal to over-exposed plant or animal life. Refer to Section 11 (Toxicology Information) for data on Ethylene Oxide’s
effects on test animals during clinical studies. No specific studies on the bio-concentration of Ethylene Oxide have been
completed; however, due to the low octanol/water partition coefficient of KOW = -0.3, Ethylene Oxide is not expected to
bio-concentrate significantly. Biodegradation: Based on limited data, ethylene oxide biodegrades at a reasonable rate
after a period of acclimation. In a dilution bottle test, there was 3-5% degradation after 5 days, and 52% degradation
after 20 days. Because ethylene oxide hydrolyzes to ethylene glycol, which is readily biodegraded, there is a fair amount
of uncertainty in the biodegradability measurements. In a river die-away test, the rate of degradation was not significantly
different than for hydrolysis.
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL ON AQUATIC LIFE: Ethylene Oxide is an extremely toxic gas which is soluble in water;
therefore, this gas can be harmful or fatal to aquatic life in contaminated bodies of water. The following aquatic toxicity
data are available for Ethylene Oxide:
LC50 (Goldfish) 24 hours = 90 mg/L (ASTM D 1345 LC50 (Artemia salina) 24 hours = 350-570 mg/L
LC50 (Daphnia magna) 24 hours = 260-300 mg/L LC50 (Artemia salina) 48 hours = 490-1,000 mg/L
LC50 (Daphnia magna) 48 hours = 137-300 mg/L LC50 (Pimephales promelas) 96 hours = 84 mg/L

PREPARING WASTES FOR DISPOSAL: Waste disposal must be in accordance with appropriate U.S. Federal, State,
and local regulations or with regulations of Canada and its Provinces. Return cylinders with residual product to
Inc. Do not dispose of locally.

TRANSPORTATION.
PROPER SHIPPING NAME: Ethylene Oxide
HAZARD CLASS NUMBER and DESCRIPTION: 2.3 (Poison Gas)
PACKING GROUP: Not applicable.
DOT LABEL(S) REQUIRED: Poison Gas, Flammable Gas

PAGE 8 OF 11
MARINE POLLUTANT: Ethylene Oxide is not classified by the DOT as a Marine Pollutant (as defined by 49 CFR
172.101, Appendix B).
SPECIAL PROVISION: This material must be described “Poison-Inhalation Hazard Zone D” on shipping papers and
containers must be marked per the requirements of 49 CFR 172.313.

ADDITIONAL U.S. REGULATIONS:
U.S. SARA REPORTING REQUIREMENTS: Ethylene Oxide is subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 302,
304 and 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, as follows:
COMPONENT SARA 302 SARA 304 SARA 313

Ethylene Oxide YES YES YES
U.S. SARA THRESHOLD PLANNING QUANTITY: 1000 lb.
U.S. CERCLA REPORTABLE QUANTITY (RQ): Ethylene Oxide = 10 lb.
U.S. TSCA INVENTORY STATUS: Ethylene Oxide is listed on the TSCA Inventory.
OTHER U.S. FEDERAL REGULATIONS: Ethylene Oxide, is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 112(r) of
the Clean Air Act. The Threshold Quantity for this gas is 10,000 pounds. Ethylene Oxide is regulated under the Ethylene
Oxide Standard (29 CFR 1910.1047). Depending on specific operations involving the use of this product, the regulations
of the Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals may be applicable (29 CFR 1910.119). Under this
regulation Ethylene Oxide is listed in Appendix A. The threshold quantity for Ethylene Oxide, under this regulation is 5000
lb.
U.S. STATE REGULATORY INFORMATION: Ethylene Oxide is covered under specific State regulations, as denoted
below:
Alaska - Designated Toxic and Hazardous Michigan Critical Materials Register: Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance
Substances: Ethylene Oxide. Ethylene Oxide. List: No.
California - Permissible Exposure Limits Minnesota - List of Hazardous Rhode Island - Hazardous Substance
for Chemical Contaminants: Ethylene Substances: Ethylene Oxide. List: Ethylene Oxide.
Oxide. Missouri - Employer Information/Toxic Texas - Hazardous Substance List: No.
Florida - Substance List: Ethylene Oxide. Substance List: Ethylene Oxide. West Virginia - Hazardous Substance
Illinois - Toxic Substance List: Ethylene New Jersey - Right to Know Hazardous List: No.
Oxide. Substance List: Ethylene Oxide. Wisconsin - Toxic and Hazardous
Kansas - Section 302/313 List: No. North Dakota - List of Hazardous Substances: No.
Massachusetts - Substance List: Ethylene Chemicals, Reportable Quantities: No.
Oxide.
CALIFORNIA SAFE DRINKING WATER AND TOXIC ENFORCEMENT ACT (PROPOSITION 65): Ethylene Oxide is
on the California Proposition 65 lists. WARNING: Ethylene Oxide is a substance known to the State of California to
cause cancer, birth defects, and other reproductive harm.
CGA LABELING:
DANGER: CONTAINS ETHYLENE OXIDE. CANCER HAZARD AND REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD.
FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND GAS UNDER PRESSURE.

CAN FORM EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES WITH AIR.
CAN CAUSE EYE AND SKIN BURNS.
CAN CAUSE IRRITATION OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT.
MAY CAUSE NERVOUS SYSTEM DAMAGE AND CATARACTS.
SYMPTOMS OF EXPOSURE MAY BE DELAYED.
MAY CAUSE FROSTBITE.

PAGE 9 OF 11
FOR TRAINING
15. REGULATORY USE
INFORMATION ONLY
(Continued)
CGA LABELING (Continued):
Do not breathe gas.
Do not get liquid in eyes, on skin, or clothing/
Store and use with adequate ventilation, and use in closed system.
FIRST AID: IF INHALED, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is
difficult, give oxygen. Call a physician.
IN CASE OF FROSTBITE, obtain immediate medical attention.
DO NOT REMOVE THIS PRODUCT LABEL.
ADDITIONAL CANADIAN REGULATIONS:

CANADIAN DSL INVENTORY: Ethylene Oxide is listed on the DSL Inventory.
OTHER CANADIAN REGULATIONS: Not applicable.
CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT (CEPA) PRIORITIES SUBSTANCES LISTS: Ethylene Oxide on
the CEPA second Priorities Substances Lists.
CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS: Class A: Compressed Gas
Class B1: Flammable Gas
Class D1A: Material Causing Serious and Immediate Effects.
Class D2A: Other Toxic Effects.
Class F: Dangerously Reactive Material.

PREPARED BY:
The information contained herein is based on data considered accurate. However, no warranty is expressed or implied regarding the accuracy of
these data or the results to be obtained from the use thereof. assumes no responsibility for injury to the vendee or third persons
proximately caused by the material if reasonable safety procedures are not adhered to as stipulated in the data sheet. Additionally,
assumes no responsibility for injury to vendee or third persons proximately caused by abnormal use of the material even if reasonable safety
procedures are followed. Furthermore, vendee assumes the risk in his use of the material.

PAGE 10 OF 11
ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, a Much of the information related to fire and explosion is derived from the
professional association which establishes exposure limits. TLV - National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Flash Point - Minimum
Threshold Limit Value - an airborne concentration of a substance which temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable
represents conditions under which it is generally believed that nearly all mixture with air. Autoignition Temperature: The minimum temperature
workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse effect. The duration required to initiate combustion in air with no other source of ignition. LEL -
must be considered, including the 8-hour Time Weighted Average (TWA), the lowest percent of vapor in air, by volume, that will explode or ignite in
the 15-minute Short Term Exposure Limit, and the instantaneous Ceiling the presence of an ignition source. UEL - the highest percent of vapor in air,
Level (C). Skin absorption effects must also be considered. by volume, that will explode or ignite in the presence of an ignition source.
OSHA - U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit - This exposure value means exactly the TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION:
same as a TLV, except that it is enforceable by OSHA. The OSHA Human and Animal Toxicology: Possible health hazards as derived from
Permissible Exposure Limits are based in the 1989 PELs and the June, human data, animal studies, or from the results of studies with similar
1993 Air Contaminants Rule (Federal Register: 58: 35338-35351 and 58: compounds are presented. Definitions of some terms used in this section
40191). Both the current PELs and the vacated PELs are indicated. The are: LD50 - Lethal Dose (solids & liquids) which kills 50% of the exposed
phrase, “Vacated 1989 PEL,” is placed next to the PEL which was vacated animals; LC50 - Lethal Concentration (gases) which kills 50% of the
by Court Order. IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health - This exposed animals; ppm concentration expressed in parts of material per
level represents a concentration from which one can escape within 30- million parts of air or water; mg/m3 concentration expressed in weight of
minutes without suffering escape-preventing or permanent injury. The DFG substance per volume of air; mg/kg quantity of material, by weight,
- MAK is the Republic of Germany’s Maximum Exposure Level, similar to administered to a test subject, based on their body weight in kg. Other
the U.S. PEL. NIOSH is the National Institute of Occupational Safety and measures of toxicity include TDLo, the lowest dose to cause a symptom
Health, which is the research arm of the U.S. Occupational Safety and and TCLo the lowest concentration to cause a symptom; TDo, LDLo, and
Health Administration (OSHA). NIOSH issues exposure guidelines called LDo, or TC, TCo, LCLo, and LCo, the lowest dose (or concentration) to
Recommended Exposure Levels (RELs). When no exposure guidelines are cause lethal or toxic effects. Cancer Information: The sources are: IARC
established, an entry of NE is made for reference. - the International Agency for Research on Cancer; NTP - the National
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM: Health Hazard: scale of decreasing potential to cause human cancer with rankings from 1
0 (minimal acute or chronic exposure hazard); 1 (slight acute or chronic to 4. Subrankings (2A, 2B, etc.) are also used. Other Information: BEI -
exposure hazard); 2 (moderate acute or significant chronic exposure ACGIH Biological Exposure Indices, represent the levels of determinants
hazard); 3 (severe acute exposure hazard; onetime overexposure can result which are most likely to be observed in specimens collected from a healthy
in permanent injury and may be fatal); 4 (extreme acute exposure hazard; worker who has been exposed to chemicals to the same extent as a worker
onetime overexposure can be fatal). Flammability Hazard: 0 (minimal with inhalation exposure to the TLV. Ecological Information: EC is the
hazard); 1 (materials that require substantial pre-heating before burning); 2 effect concentration in water. BCF = Bioconcentration Factor, which is
(combustible liquid or solids; liquids with a flash point of 38-93°C [100- used to determine if a substance will concentrate in lifeforms which
200°F]); 3 (Class IB and IC flammable liquids with flash points below 38°C consume contaminated plant or animal matter. Tlm = median threshold
[100°F]); 4 (Class IA flammable liquids with flash points below 23°C [73°F] limit; Coefficient of Oil/Water Distribution is represented by log Kow or log
and boiling points below 38°C [100°F]. Reactivity Hazard: 0 (normally Koc and is used to assess a substance’s behavior in the environment.
stable); 1 (material that can become unstable at elevated temperatures or REGULATORY INFORMATION:
which can react slightly with water); 2 (materials that are unstable but do This section explains the impact of various laws and regulations on the
not detonate or which can react violently with water); 3 (materials that can material. U.S.: EPA is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. DOT is
detonate when initiated or which can react explosively with water); 4 the U.S. Department of Transportation. SARA is the Superfund
(materials that can detonate at normal temperatures or pressures). Amendments and Reauthorization Act. TSCA is the U.S. Toxic Substance
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION: Health Hazard: 0 Control Act. CERCLA (or Superfund) refers to the Comprehensive
(material that on exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. Labeling is per
beyond that of ordinary combustible materials); 1 (materials that on the American National Standards Institute (ANSI Z129.1). CANADA:
exposure under fire conditions could cause irritation or minor residual CEPA is the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. WHMIS is the
injury); 2 (materials that on intense or continued exposure under fire Canadian Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System. TC is
conditions could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury); Transport Canada. DSL/NDSL are the Canadian Domestic/Non-Domestic
3 (materials that can on short exposure could cause serious temporary or Substances Lists.
or major residual injury). Flammability Hazard and Reactivity Hazard: Refer
to definitions for “Hazardous Materials Identification System”.

PAGE 11 OF 11

Methyl ethyl ketone MSDS

Product Name: Methyl ethyl ketone Contact Information:
Catalog Codes: SLM2626, SLM3232 Sciencelab.com, Inc.

14025 Smith Rd.
CAS#: 78-93-3 Houston, Texas 77396
US Sales: 1-800-901-7247
RTECS: EL6475000
International Sales: 1-281-441-4400
TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Methyl ethyl ketone Order Online: ScienceLab.com
CI#: Not applicable. CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call:
1-800-424-9300
Synonym: 2-Butanone
International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887
Chemical Name: Methyl Ethyl Ketone
For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400
Chemical Formula: C4H8O

Composition:
Methyl ethyl ketone 78-93-3 100
Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Methyl ethyl ketone: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 2737 mg/kg [Rat]. 4050 mg/kg [Mouse].
DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 6480 mg/kg [Rabbit]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 23500 mg/m 8 hours [Rat].

Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation (lung
irritant).

CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified POSSIBLE for human.
The substance may be toxic to gastrointestinal tract, upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes, central nervous system
(CNS).
Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.
p. 1
Eye Contact:
Check for and remove any contact lenses. Immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes,
keeping eyelids open. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention.
Skin Contact:
In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Remove
contaminated clothing and shoes. Cold water may be used.Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes
before reuse. Get medical attention.

Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek medical
attention.
Inhalation:
If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get
medical attention.
Serious Inhalation:
resuscitation. Seek medical attention.
Ingestion:
Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an
unconscious person. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention if
symptoms appear.

Flammability of the Product: Flammable.
Auto-Ignition Temperature: 404°C (759.2°F)
Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: -9°C (15.8°F). OPEN CUP: -5.5556°C (22°F) (Tag).
Flammable Limits: LOWER: 1.8% UPPER: 10%
Products of Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2).
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Highly flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat.

Explosive in presence of oxidizing materials, of acids.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions:

Flammable liquid, soluble or dispersed in water.
SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder.
LARGE FIRE: Use alcohol foam, water spray or fog.
Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:

Ignition on contact with potassium t-butoxide.
Vapor may cause a flash fire
Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:

Reaction with Hydrogen Peroxide + nitric acid forms heat and shock-sensitive explosive product.
p. 2
Mixture with 2-propanol will produce explosive peroxides during storage.

Small Spill:
Dilute with water and mop up, or absorb with an inert dry material and place in an appropriate waste disposal
container.
Large Spill:
Flammable liquid.
Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Stop leak if without risk. Absorb with DRY earth,
sand or other non-combustible material. Do not touch spilled material. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or
confined areas; dike if needed. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV.
Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.

Precautions:
Keep locked up.. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing
material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of
insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and
show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as
oxidizing agents, metals, acids, alkalis.
Storage:
Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly
closed and sealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame).

Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their
respective threshold limit value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the
work-station location.
Splash goggles. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent.
Gloves.

Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be
used to avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist
BEFORE handling this product.
Exposure Limits:
TWA: 200 STEL: 300 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] [1999]
TWA: 150 STEL: 300 (ppm) [Australia]
TWA: 590 STEL: 885 (mg/m3) from NIOSH
TWA: 200 STEL: 300 (ppm) from NIOSH
TWA: 590 STEL: 885 (mg/m3) [Canada]
TWA: 200 STEL: 300 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States]
TWA: 590 STEL: 885 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States]
Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.

Physical state and appearance: Liquid.
p. 3
Odor:
Acetone-like Pleasant. Pungent. Sweetish.
(Strong.)
Taste: Not available.
Molecular Weight: 72.12g/mole
Color: Clear Colorless.
pH (1% soln/water): Not available.
Boiling Point: 79.6 (175.3°F)
Melting Point: -86°C (-122.8°F)
Critical Temperature: 262.5°C (504.5°F)
Specific Gravity: 0.805(Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: 10.3 kPa (@ 20°C)
Vapor Density: 2.41 (Air = 1)
Odor Threshold: 0.25 ppm
Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: The product is more soluble in oil; log(oil/water) = 0.3
Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, diethyl ether, acetone.
Solubility: Soluble in cold water, diethyl ether, acetone.

Conditions of Instability: Heat, ignition sources, mechanical shock, incompatible materials.
Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, metals, acids, alkalis.
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive in presence of glass.
Special Remarks on Reactivity:

Incompatible with chloroform, copper, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, potassium t-butoxide, 2-propanol,
chlorosulfonic acid, strong oxidizers, amines, ammonia, inorganic acids, isocyanates, caustics, pyrindines.
Vigorous reaction with chloroform +alkali.
Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Not available.
Polymerization: Will not occur.

Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Dermal contact. Eye contact. Inhalation.
p. 4
Toxicity to Animals:
WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE.
Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 2737 mg/kg [Rat].
Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): 6480 mg/kg [Rabbit].
Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50): 32000 mg/m3 4 hours [Mouse].
Chronic Effects on Humans:

MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified POSSIBLE for human.
May cause damage to the following organs: gastrointestinal tract, upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes, central
nervous system (CNS).
Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of ingestion, of inhalation (lung
irritant).
Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: May cause birth defects based on animal dats. Embryotoxic and/or
foetotoxic in animal.
Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:

Acute Potential Health Effects:
Skin: Causes skin irritation. May be absorbed through the skin.
Eyes: Causes eye irritation.
Inhalation: Inhalation of high concentrations may cause central nervous effects characterized by headache,
dizziness, unconsciousness, and coma. Causes respiratory tract irritation and affects the sense organs. May
affect the liver and urinary system.
Ingestion: Causes gastrointestinal tract irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May affect the liver.
Chronic Potential Health Effects: Chronic inhalation may cause effects similar to those of acute inhalation.
Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause defatting and dermatitis.

Ecotoxicity: Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 3220 mg/l 96 hours [Fathead Minnow]. 1690 mg/l 96 hours [Bluegill].
arise.
Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The product itself and its products of degradation are not toxic.

Waste Disposal:
Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental
control regulations.

DOT Classification: CLASS 3: Flammable liquid.
Identification: : Ethyl methyl ketone UNNA: 1193 PG: II
p. 5
New York release reporting list: Methyl ethyl ketone
Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Methyl ethyl ketone
Pennsylvania RTK: Methyl ethyl ketone
Minnesota: Methyl ethyl ketone
Massachusetts RTK: Methyl ethyl ketone
New Jersey: Methyl ethyl ketone
California Director's list of Hazardous Substances: Methyl ethyl ketone
TSCA 8(b) inventory: Methyl ethyl ketone
TSCA 8(d) H and S data reporting: Methyl ethyl ketone: Effective: 10/4/82; Sunset: 10/4/92
SARA 313 toxic chemical notification and release reporting: Methyl ethyl ketone
CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Methyl ethyl ketone: 5000 lbs. (2268 kg)
Other Regulations:
OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).
EINECS: This product is on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.
WHMIS (Canada):
CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8°C (100°F).
CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC).
DSCL (EEC):
R11- Highly flammable.
R36/37- Irritating to eyes and
respiratory system.
S9- Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
S16- Keep away from sources of ignition - No
smoking.
S25- Avoid contact with eyes.
S33- Take precautionary measures against
static discharges.
HMIS (U.S.A.):
Health Hazard: 2
Fire Hazard: 3
Reactivity: 0
Personal Protection: h
Health: 1
Flammability: 3
Reactivity: 0
Specific hazard:
Gloves.
Lab coat.
Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an
approved/certified respirator or
p. 6
Splash goggles.

References: Not available.
Created: 10/10/2005 08:39 PM
Last Updated: 11/06/2008 12:00 PM
information for their particular purposes. In no event shall ScienceLab.com be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any
if ScienceLab.com has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
p. 7
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
CHS Inc. Transportation Emergency (CHEMTREC): 1-800-424-9300

P.O. Box 64089 Technical Information: 1-651-355-8443
Mail station 525 MSDS Information: 1-651-355-8438
St. Paul, MN 55164-0089
PRODUCT NAME: Propane MSDS: 0148-M7A0 – Rev. F (02/08/07)

COMMON NAME: Propane, Liquefied Petroleum Gas; CHEMICAL FORMULA: C3H8
LP Gas; Dimethyl methane
CHEMICAL NAME: Dimethylmethane CHEMICAL FAMILY: Paraffin Hydrocarbons
Section 2 - COMPOSITION AND INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

INGREDIENTS PERCENTAGES PEL (OSHA) TLV (ACGIH) CAS #
(by weight)
Propane 95 - 100% 1000 ppm TWA 2500 ppm TWA 74-98-6
Simple Asphyxiant
Propylene 0 - 5% N/D Simple Asphyxiant 115-07-1
NOTE: Ethyl Mercaptan added as an odorant.
(TWA) - Time Weighted Average is the employee's average airborne exposure in any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week which shall not be exceeded.
(STEL) - Short Term Exposure Limit is the employee's 15-minute time weighted average exposure which shall not be exceeded at any time during a work day unless another time
limit is specified.
Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
DANGER! Extremely flammable. Compressed gas. At very high concentrations, can displace the normal air and cause suffocation from
lack of oxygen. Liquid can cause burns similar to frostbite. Caution: Ethyl mercaptan used as a warning agent may not be entirely
effective in all situations because of a condition commonly referred to as odor fade (see section 10 for more information). If you suspect a
leak, use a combustible gas indicator or similar device to check for gas leaks.
OSHA HAZARD CLASS
Based on OSHA definitions, the following ingredients in this product are hazardous. The OSHA physical and health hazard
categories are shown below. Note: CHS has not conducted specific toxicity tests on this product. Our hazard evaluation is
based on information from similar ingredients, technical literature, and/or professional experience.
Propane - Flammable Gas, Compressed Gas, Asphyxiant
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
ROUTES OF ENTRY: Inhalation, Dermal.
ACUTE EFFECTS OF OVER EXPOSURE:
Eyes - Liquid can cause burns similar to frostbite.
Skin - Liquid can cause burns similar to frostbite.
Inhalation - At very high concentrations can displace the normal air and cause suffocation from lack of oxygen. Symptoms of
lack of oxygen include increase depth and frequency of breathing, dizziness, headache, nausea or loss of
consciousness.
Ingestion - Liquid can cause burns similar to frostbite.
Page 1 of 5
Propane
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF OVER EXPOSURE: None Determined

MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE: Personnel with pre-existing chronic respiratory diseases should avoid
exposure to this material
CARCINOGENICITY: NTP: No IARC: No OSHA: No EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES:
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES

Eye Contact - If liquid propane contacts the eye, flush thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the
upper and lower lids, until no evidence of chemical remains. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
Skin Contact - Frozen tissue should be flushed with plenty of tepid water. Do not use hot water. Cryogenic (low temperature)
burns which result in blistering or deeper tissue freezing should be promptly treated by a physician.
Inhalation - Move person to fresh air. If large amounts have been inhaled, keep victim warm and get medical attention. Apply
artificial respiration if not breathing.
Ingestion -
Section 5 - FIRE - FIGHTING MEASURES
FLASH POINT: -156°F AUTO IGNITION TEMP: 874°F
FLAMMABLE LIMITS IN AIR LOWER UPPER
% BY VOLUME 2.1 9.5
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Do not extinguish gas fire unless the gas leak can be stopped. For small fire use dry chemical or Carbon
Dioxide (CO2). For large fires, use water spray or fog and move containers from fire area if you can do so without risk.
SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES: Shut off gas source and allow the fire to burn itself out. Gas fires should not be
extinguished unless the gas flow can be stopped immediately. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay
upwind, out of low areas, and ventilate closed spaces before entering. Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and
structural firefighters' protective clothing will provide limited protection.
FIRE INVOLVING TANK, RAIL CAR, OR TANK TRUCK: Isolate for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial
evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions Call CHEMTREC at 1-800-424-9300 as soon as possible, especially if there is no
local hazardous materials team available. If gas source cannot be shut off immediately, fight fire from maximum distance or use
unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool container with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out to prevent
container from exploding. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. WITHDRAW IMMEDIATELY in case of rising sound
from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is
impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Vapors are heavier than air and may travel along the ground and collect in low or
confined areas and be exposed to a source of ignition (pilot light, heater, electric motor) some distance away. Withdraw immediately in
case of rising sound from venting safety devices or any discoloration of tank due to fire.
HAZARD RATINGS: NFPA 704: Health- 1 Fire- 4 Reactivity- 0
HMIS: Health- 1 Fire- 4 Reactivity- 0
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

STEPS TO TAKE IF MATERIAL IS RELEASED OR SPILLED: ELIMINATE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION AND STOP
LEAK IF YOU CAN DO SO WITHOUT RISK. Notify emergency response personnel as appropriate. Keep unnecessary people away;
isolate hazard area and deny entry. Vapors can be dispersed with sustained water spray. Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers,
ventilation systems and confined areas. NOTE: Review Section 5 -FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES before proceeding with clean up. Use
appropriate personal protective equipment during emergency response.
Page 2 of 5
Propane
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING AND STORING: Consult the U.S. Department of Transportation regulations on the shipping of petroleum gases. If upon
initial receipt inspection a cylinder is found to be in poor condition, contact the supplier. The most common hazard is leakage due to faulty
pressure control regulators. Large pressure build-up can result in explosive decompression at the cylinder head, causing the cylinder to
rocket like a missile. Prevent entrapment of liquid in closed system. Use check valve to prevent back-flow into storage container. Chain
cylinders when not in use. Cylinder storage should be segregated from oxidizers such as oxygen, chlorine, etc. and away from heavy
traffic areas to prevent knocking over or damage from falling objects. Valve caps should remain on cylinders.
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROL - PERSONAL PROTECTION

ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Local exhaust and general ventilation may both be necessary in work area to prevent accumulation of
explosive mixtures. Provide special ventilation in sumps and confined spaces. If mechanical ventilation is used, electrical equipment must
meet National Electrical Code requirements.
RESPIRATORY EQUIPMENT: Personnel should never enter an area of high concentration without proper respiratory protection.
Provide NIOSH-approved air-supplied respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus for emergency or non-routine situations where the
level is excessive.
EYE PROTECTION: Use face shield or chemical type goggles where contact with material may occur such as when changing valves,
hoses, etc.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Use protective clothing, face shield, and gloves when contact with liquid propane is possible.
OTHER (SAFETY SHOWERS, EYE WASH STATIONS, ETC.): Emergency eye wash fountains and safety showers for first aid
treatment of potential freeze burns should be available in the vicinity of any significant exposure from compressed gas release.
Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

APPEARANCE: Colorless gas (liquid under pressure) ODOR: If odorized, will have rotten egg odor, otherwise
odorless.
BOILING POINT: 760 mmHg @ -44°F SPECIFIC GRAVITY (water=1): 0.5
VAPOR PRESSURE: 190 psia @ 100°F VAPOR DENSITY (air=1): 1.5
SOLUBLE IN WATER: Very slightly soluble EVAPORATION RATE (ether=1): N/A
pH:
Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
STABILITY -
STABLE X (At normal temperature and storage conditions)
UNSTABLE
INCOMPATIBILITY -
CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Propane vapors will form explosive mixtures with air and will easily ignite by heat, sparks,
flames, build-up of static electricity, and other sources of ignition. Note: Ethyl mercaptan might, under certain conditions (when
oxygen, water, iron oxide or other oxidizers are present in containers and piping) react with oxidizers which diminish or
eliminate entirely its distinct smell, therebv reducing or eliminating the ability of a person to detect a leak. The passage of
odorized propane through soil because of an underground leak will also diminish or eliminate entirely the smell of odorized
propane. If you suspect a leak, use a combustible gas indicator or similar device to check for gas leaks.
Page 3 of 5
Propane
MATERIALS TO AVOID: Strong acids, alkalies and oxidizers such as chlorine (gas or liquid) and oxygen.
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Normal combustion produces carbon dioxide; incomplete combustion can produce
carbon monoxide.
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Has not been reported to occur.
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION

Note: CHS has not conducted specific toxicity tests on this product.
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Note: CHS has not conducted specific ecological tests on this product.
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATION

WASTE DISPOSAL PROCEDURES: Releases are expected to cause only localized non-persistent environmental damage. Waste
mixtures containing these gases should not be allowed to enter drains or sewers where there is danger of vapors being ignited. When it
becomes necessary to dispose of these gases, it is preferable to do so as a vapor. These gases may be used as an auxiliary fuel or disposed
of by flaring in a properly designed flare or incinerator. Venting of the gases to the atmosphere should be avoided. Treatment, storage,
transportation and disposal must be in accordance with applicable federal, state and local regulations.
Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION
DOT PROPER SHIPPING NAME: Propane DOT HAZARD CLASS: 2.1
DOT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: UN 1978 DOT EMER. RESPONSE GUIDE NO.: 115
(Formerly #22)
DOT LABEL, PLACARD: Flammable Gas
Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

This product may contain the following toxic chemicals subject to the reporting requirements of SARA Section 313 of the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 and of 40 CFR 372.
Cas Number Chemical Name Percent By Weight

115-07-1 Propylene 0 - 5%
SARA SECTION 311-312 HAZARD CATEGORIES (40 CFR 370.2):
FIRE: Yes SUDDEN RELEASE OF PRESSURE: Yes REACTIVE: No ACUTE: Yes CHRONIC: No
Page 4 of 5
Propane
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION

Updated By: Date: February 08, 2007
Title: Supersedes: December 24, 2003
Reason for issue: Periodic review___________________________________________________________________
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS MSDS RELATES ONLY TO THE SPECIFIC MATERIAL IDENTIFIED. IT DOES NOT COVER USE OF THAT
MATERIAL IN COMBINATION WITH ANY OTHER MATERIAL OR IN ANY PARTICULAR PROCESS. IN COMPLIANCE WITH 29 C.F.R. 1910.1200(g),
CHS HAS PREPARED THIS MSDS IN SEGMENTS, WITH THE INTENT THAT THOSE SEGMENTS BE READ TOGETHER AS A WHOLE WITHOUT
TEXTUAL OMISSIONS OR ALTERATIONS. CHS BELIEVES THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN TO BE ACCURATE, BUT MAKES NO
REPRESENTATION, GUARANTEE, OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ABOUT THE ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, OR COMPLETENESS OF THE
INFORMATION OR ABOUT THE FITNESS OF CONTENTS HEREIN FOR EITHER GENERAL OR PARTICULAR PURPOSES. PERSONS REVIEWING THIS
MSDS SHOULD MAKE THEIR OWN DETERMINATION AS TO THE MATERIAL’S SUITABILITY AND COMPLETENESS FOR USE IN THEIR
PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS.
Cenex® is a registered trademark of CHS Inc.
Page 5 of 5
CCMDOCS 629887v1

Sulfuric acid MSDS

Product Name: Sulfuric acid Contact Information:
Catalog Codes: SLS2539, SLS1741, SLS3166, SLS2371, Sciencelab.com, Inc.

SLS3793 14025 Smith Rd.
Houston, Texas 77396
CAS#: 7664-93-9
US Sales: 1-800-901-7247
International Sales: 1-281-441-4400
RTECS: WS5600000
Order Online: ScienceLab.com
TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Sulfuric acid
CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call:
CI#: Not applicable. 1-800-424-9300
Synonym: Oil of Vitriol; Sulfuric Acid International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887
Chemical Name: Hydrogen sulfate For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400
Chemical Formula: H2-SO4

Composition:
Sulfuric acid 7664-93-9 95 - 98
Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Sulfuric acid: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 2140 mg/kg [Rat.]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 510 mg/m
2 hours [Rat]. 320 mg/m 2 hours [Mouse].

Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant, corrosive), of
ingestion, of inhalation. Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous membranes of
eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalation of the spray mist may produce
severe irritation of respiratory tract, characterized by coughing, choking, or shortness of breath. Severe
over-exposure can result in death. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching.
Skin inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.

CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified 1 (Proven for human.) by IARC, + (Proven.) by OSHA. Classified A2
(Suspected for human.) by ACGIH.
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
p. 1
The substance may be toxic to kidneys, lungs, heart, cardiovascular system, upper respiratory tract, eyes, teeth.
Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated or prolonged
contact with spray mist may produce chronic eye irritation and severe skin irritation. Repeated or prolonged
exposure to spray mist may produce respiratory tract irritation leading to frequent attacks of bronchial infection.
Repeated exposure to a highly toxic material may produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in
one or many human organs.

Eye Contact:
Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at
least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact:
In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated
clothing and shoes. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Cold water may be used.Wash clothing before
reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately.

Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate
medical attention.
Inhalation:
If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get
medical attention immediately.
Serious Inhalation:
resuscitation. WARNING: It may be hazardous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious or corrosive. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion:
Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an
unconscious person. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention if
symptoms appear.

Flammability of the Product: Non-flammable.
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Points: Not applicable.
Flammable Limits: Not applicable.
Products of Combustion:
Products of combustion are not available since material is non-flammable. However, products of decompostion
include fumes of oxides of sulfur. Will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Reacts
with carbonates to generate carbon dioxide gas. Reacts with cyanides and sulfides to form poisonous hydrogen
cyanide and hydrogen sulfide respectively.
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Combustible materials
p. 2
Slightly explosive in presence of oxidizing materials.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Not applicable.
Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:

Metal acetylides (Monocesium and Monorubidium), and carbides ignite with concentrated sulfuric acid.
White Phosphorous + boiling Sulfuric acid or its vapor ignites on contact.
May ignite other combustible materials.
May cause fire when sulfuric acid is mixed with Cyclopentadiene, cyclopentanone oxime, nitroaryl amines,
hexalithium disilicide, phorphorous (III) oxide, and oxidizing agents such as chlorates, halogens, permanganates.
Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:

Mixturesofsulfuricacidandanyofthefollowingcanexplode:p-nitrotoluene,pentasilv
er
trihydroxydiaminophosphate, perchlorates, alcohols with strong hydrogen peroxide, ammonium
tetraperoxychromate, mercuric nitrite, potassium chlorate, potassium permanganate with potassium chloride,
carbides, nitro compounds, nitrates, carbides, phosphorous, iodides, picratres, fulminats, dienes, alcohols (when
heated)
Nitramide decomposes explosively on contact with concentrated sulfuric acid.
1,3,5-Trinitrosohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine + sulfuric acid causes explosive decompositon.

Small Spill:
Dilute with water and mop up, or absorb with an inert dry material and place in an appropriate waste disposal
container. If necessary: Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of sodium carbonate.
Large Spill:
Corrosive liquid. Poisonous liquid.
Stop leak if without risk. Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Do not get water inside
container. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray curtain to divert vapor drift. Use water spray to reduce
vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistance on disposal.
Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of sodium carbonate. Be careful that the product is not present at
a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.

Precautions:
Keep locked up.. Keep container dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Never add water
to this product. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical
advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from
incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, reducing agents, combustible materials, organic materials, metals, acids,
alkalis, moisture.
May corrode metallic surfaces. Store in a metallic or coated fiberboard drum using a strong polyethylene inner
package.
Storage:
Hygroscopic. Reacts. violently with water. Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated
area. Do not store above 23°C (73.4°F).

Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their
respective threshold limit value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the
work-station location.
p. 3
Face shield. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.
Boots.

Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be
used to avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist
BEFORE handling this product.
Exposure Limits:
TWA: 1 STEL: 3 (mg/m3) [Australia] Inhalation
TWA: 1 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] Inhalation
TWA: 1 STEL: 3 (mg/m3) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] [1999] Inhalation
TWA: 1 (mg/m3) from NIOSH [United States] Inhalation
TWA: 1 (mg/m3) [United Kingdom (UK)]Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.

Physical state and appearance: Liquid. (Thick oily liquid.)
Odor: Odorless, but has a choking odor when hot.
Taste: Marked acid taste. (Strong.)
Molecular Weight: 98.08 g/mole
Color: Colorless.
pH (1% soln/water): Acidic.
Boiling Point:
270°C (518°F) - 340 deg. C
Decomposes at 340 deg. C
Melting Point: -35°C (-31°F) to 10.36 deg. C (93% to 100% purity)
Critical Temperature: Not available.
Specific Gravity: 1.84 (Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Vapor Density: 3.4 (Air = 1)
Odor Threshold: Not available.
Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: Not available.
Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water.
Solubility:
Easily soluble in cold water.
Sulfuric is soluble in water with liberation of much heat.
Soluble in ethyl alcohol.
p. 4
Conditions of Instability:
Conditions to Avoid: Incompatible materials, excess heat, combustible material materials, organic materials,
exposure to moist air or water, oxidizers, amines, bases.
Always add the acid to water, never the reverse.
Incompatibility with various substances:

Reactive with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, combustible materials, organic materials, metals, acids, alkalis,
moisture.
Corrosivity:
Extremely corrosive in presence of aluminum, of copper, of stainless steel(316).
Highly corrosive in presence of stainless steel(304).
Non-corrosive in presence of glass.
Special Remarks on Reactivity:

Hygroscopic. Strong oxidizer. Reacts violently with water and alcohol especially when water is added to the
product.
Incompatible (can react explosively or dangerously) with the following: ACETIC ACID, ACRYLIC ACID,
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, CRESOL, CUMENE, DICHLOROETHYL ETHER, ETHYLENE CYANOHYDRIN,
ETHYLENEIMINE, NITRIC ACID, 2-NITROPROPANE, PROPYLENE OXIDE, SULFOLANE, VINYLIDENE
CHLORIDE, DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER, ETHYL ACETATE, ETHYLENE
CYANOHYDRIN, ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER ACETATE, GLYOXAL, METHYL ETHYL
KETONE, dehydrating agents, organic materials, moisture (water), Acetic anhydride, Acetone, cyanohydrin,
Acetone+nitric acid, Acetone + potassium dichromate, Acetonitrile, Acrolein, Acrylonitrile, Acrylonitrile+water,
Alcohols + hydrogen peroxide, ally compounds such as Allyl alcohol, and Allyl Chloride, 2-Aminoethanol,
Ammonium hydroxide, Ammonium triperchromate, Aniline, Bromate + metals, Bromine pentafluoride,
n-Butyraldehyde, Carbides, Cesium acetylene carbide, Chlorates, Cyclopentanone oxime, chlorinates, Chlorates +
metals, Chlorine trifluoride, Chlorosulfonic acid, 2-cyano-4-nitrobenzenediazonium hydrogen sulfate, Cuprous
nitride, p-chloronitrobenzene, 1,5-Dinitronaphthlene + sulfur, Diisobutylene, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde,
1,3-Diazidobenzene, Dimethylbenzylcarbinol + hydrogen peroxide, Epichlorohydrin, Ethyl alcohol + hydrogen
peroxide, Ethylene diamine, Ethylene glycol and other glycols, , Ethylenimine, Fulminates, hydrogen peroxide,
Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Iodine heptafluoride, Indane + nitric acid, Iron, Isoprene, Lithium silicide,
Mercuric nitride, Mesityl oxide, Mercury nitride, Metals (powdered), Nitromethane, Nitric acid + glycerides,
p-Nitrotoluene, Pentasilver trihydroxydiaminophosphate, Perchlorates, Perchloric acid, Permanganates + benzene,
1-Phenyl-2-methylpropyl alcohol + hydrogen peroxide, Phosphorus, Phosphorus isocyanate, Picrates, Potassium
tert-butoxide, Potassium chlorate, Potassium Permanganate and other permanganates, halogens, amines,
Potassium Permanganate + Potassium chloride, Potassium Permanganate + water, Propiolactone (beta)-,
Pyridine, Rubidium aceteylene carbide, Silver permanganate, Sodium, Sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide,
Steel, styrene monomer, toluene + nitric acid, Vinyl acetate, Thalium (I) azidodithiocarbonate, Zinc chlorate, Zinc
Iodide, azides, carbonates, cyanides, sulfides, sulfites, alkali hydrides, carboxylic acid anhydrides, nitriles, olefinic
organics, aqueous acids, cyclopentadiene, cyano-alcohols, metal acetylides,
Hydrogen gas is generated by the action of the acid on most metals (i.e. lead, copper, tin, zinc, aluminum, etc.).
Concentrated sulfuric acid oxidizes, dehydrates, or sulfonates most organic compounds.
Special Remarks on Corrosivity:

Non-corrosive to lead and mild steel, but dillute acid attacks most metals.
Attacks many metals releasing hydrogen.
Minor corrosive effect on bronze.
No corrosion data on brass or zinc.
Polymerization: Will not occur.

Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Dermal contact. Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion.
p. 5
Toxicity to Animals:
WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE.
Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 2140 mg/kg [Rat.].
Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50): 320 mg/m3 2 hours [Mouse].
Chronic Effects on Humans:

CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified 1 (Proven for human.) by IARC, + (Proven.) by OSHA. Classified A2
(Suspected for human.) by ACGIH.
May cause damage to the following organs: kidneys, lungs, heart, cardiovascular system, upper respiratory tract,
eyes, teeth.
Other Toxic Effects on Humans:

Extremely hazardous in case of inhalation (lung corrosive).
Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, permeator), of eye contact (corrosive), of ingestion, .
Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:

Mutagenicity: Cytogenetic Analysis: Hamster, ovary = 4mmol/L
Reproductive effects: May cause adverse reproductive effects based on animal data. Developmental
abnormalities (musculoskeletal) in rabbits at a dose of 20 mg/m3 for 7 hrs.(RTECS)
Teratogenecity: neither embryotoxic, fetoxic, nor teratogenetic in mice or rabbits at inhaled doses producing some
maternal toxicity
Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:

Acute Potential Health Effects:
Skin: Causes severe skin irritation and burns. Continued contact can cause tissue necrosis.
Eye: Causes severe eye irritation and burns. May cause irreversible eye injury.
Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed. May cause permanent damage to the digestive tract. Causes gastrointestial
tract burns. May cause perforation of the stomach, GI bleeding, edema of the glottis, necrosis and scarring, and
sudden circulatory collapse(similar to acute inhalation). It may also cause systemic toxicity with acidosis.
Inhalation: May cause severe irritation of the respiratory tract and mucous membranes with sore throat, coughing,
shortness of breath, and delayed lung edema. Causes chemical burns to the repiratory tract. Inhalation may be
fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation, edema of the larynx and bronchi, chemical pneumonitis, and pulmonary
edema. Cause corrosive action on mucous membranes. May affect cardiovascular system (hypotension,
depressed cardiac output, bradycardia). Circulatory collapse with clammy skin, weak and rapid pulse, shallow
respiration, and scanty urine may follow. Circulatory shock is often the immediate cause of death. May also
affect teeth(changes in teeth and supporting structures - erosion, discoloration).
Chronic Potential Health Effects:
Inhalation: Prolonged or repeated inhalation may affect behavior (muscle contraction or spasticity), urinary system
(kidney damage), and cardiovascular system, heart (ischemic heart leisons), and respiratory
system/lungs(pulmonary edema, lung damage), teeth (dental discoloration, erosion).
Skin: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis, an allergic skin reaction.

Ecotoxicity: Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 49 mg/l 48 hours [bluegill/sunfish].
arise.
Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less toxic than the product itself.
p. 6
Waste Disposal:
Sulfuric acid may be placed in sealed container or absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. It
may also be diluted and neutralized. Be sure to consult with local or regional authorities (waste regulators) prior to
any disposal. Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control
regulations.

DOT Classification: Class 8: Corrosive material
Identification: : Sulfuric acid UNNA: 1830 PG: II

Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Sulfuric acid
New York release reporting list: Sulfuric acid
Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Sulfuric acid
Pennsylvania RTK: Sulfuric acid
Minnesota: Sulfuric acid
Massachusetts RTK: Sulfuric acid
New Jersey: Sulfuric acid
California Director's List of Hazardous Substances (8 CCR 339): Sulfuric acid
Tennessee RTK: Sulfuric acid
TSCA 8(b) inventory: Sulfuric acid
SARA 302/304/311/312 extremely hazardous substances: Sulfuric acid
SARA 313 toxic chemical notification and release reporting: Sulfuric acid
CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Sulfuric acid: 1000 lbs. (453.6 kg)
Other Regulations:
OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).
EINECS: This product is on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.
WHMIS (Canada):
CLASS D-1A: Material causing immediate and serious toxic effects (VERY TOXIC).
CLASS E: Corrosive liquid.
DSCL (EEC):
R35- Causes severe burns.
S2- Keep out of the reach of children.
S26- In case of contact with eyes, rinse
immediately with plenty of water and seek
medical advice.
S30- Never add water to this product.
S45- In case of accident or if you feel unwell,
seek medical advice immediately (show the
label where possible).
HMIS (U.S.A.):
Health Hazard: 3
Fire Hazard: 0
Reactivity: 2
p. 7
Health: 3
Flammability: 0
Reactivity: 2
Specific hazard:
Gloves.
Full suit.
Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an
approved/certified respirator or
Face shield.

References:
-Material safety data sheet emitted by: la Commission de la Santé et de la Sécurité du Travail du Québec.
-The Sigma-Aldrich Library of Chemical Safety Data, Edition II.
-Hawley, G.G.. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11e ed., New York N.Y., Van Nostrand Reinold, 1987.
Created: 10/09/2005 11:58 PM
Last Updated: 11/06/2008 12:00 PM
information for their particular purposes. In no event shall be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any
if has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
p. 8

FI-I Student Manual - Module V - 2012 EDITION

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Fire Inspector I – Module V Notes

© Copyright 2013 National Fire Protection Association

Lesson 1 – Storage, Handling

Page 1 of 138 2012 EDITION

3. Apply the properties of hazardous materials to inspection situations.

Page 2 of 138 2012 EDITION

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Page 6 of 138 2012 EDITION

LFL and UFL

Page 7 of 138 2012 EDITION

Flammable Range of Hydrogen

Page 8 of 138 2012 EDITION

Page 9 of 138 2012 EDITION

Normal physical state

Specific gravity/ Vapor density

NFPA Fire Inspector I

Material: Anhydrous Ammonia

Normal physical state

Specific gravity/ Vapor density

NFPA Fire Inspector I

Normal physical state

Specific gravity/ Vapor density

NFPA Fire Inspector I

Material: Calcium Hypochlorite

Normal physical state

Specific gravity/ Vapor density

NFPA Fire Inspector I

Normal physical state

Specific gravity/ Vapor density

NFPA Fire Inspector I

Material: Ethylene Oxide

Normal physical state

Specific gravity/ Vapor density

NFPA Fire Inspector I

Material: Sulfuric Acid

Normal physical state

Specific gravity/ Vapor density

NFPA Fire Inspector I

Page 17 of 138 2012 EDITION

NFPA Fire Inspector I

2. The type of requirements included in NFPA 1

NFPA Fire Inspector I

Lesson 2 – Storage, Handling

Page 20 of 138 2012 EDITION

1. Describe the classification and labeling of hazardous materials.

Page 21 of 138 2012 EDITION

Page 22 of 138 2012 EDITION

Page 23 of 138 2012 EDITION

Page 24 of 138 2012 EDITION

Class II and Class III

Page 25 of 138 2012 EDITION

Page 26 of 138 2012 EDITION

Page 27 of 138 2012 EDITION

NFPA 704, Standard System

Page 28 of 138 2012 EDITION

Page 29 of 138 2012 EDITION

1. What is the UN/DOT classification of this material?

2. Are there other classifications for the material?

3. What would the NFPA 704 classification be?

4. What are the specific hazards of the material?

5. Specific methods to deal with spills/leaks or fires