Cambridge International AS & A Level PHYSICS...P2 TOPIC WISE QUESTIONS + ANSWERS | COMPLETE SYLLABUS wfYgpPapacambridge Chapter 12 D.C. circuits YgpPapacambridgeYgPPapacambridge 12.1 Practical circuits 212. F702_w2_p_DW O6 CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS Auniform electric field is produced between two parallel metal plates. The electric field strength is 1.4 10'NC~, The potential difference between the plates is 350V. {a) Calculate the separation of the plates. Separation = ar. nnnnnnnnnnn sovee M [2] {b) A nucleus of mass 8.3 x 10°27 kg is now placed in the electric field. The electric force acting ‘on the nucleus is 6.7 x 10-5N._ () Calculate the charge on the nucleus in terms of e, where e is the Re wf aay ee eri (i) Calculate the mass, inu, ofthe nuct (ii) Use your a (and (by) to determine the number of neutrons inthe nucleus s2, o Dd number = a (Total: 7] YgpPapacambridge“aWPanacambridge ws 213. 9702_sI5_ap_2. 5 The variation with potential difference (p.c.) V of current I for a semiconductor diode is shown in Fig. 5.1 viv Fig. 5.1 (a) Use Fig. 5.1 to describe the variation of the resistance of 5V and V=0.8V. [2] (b) On Fig. | Vof current I for a filament lamp. Numerical values are not required, Q IL Fig. 5.2 2] YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS YgpPapacambridge (©) Fig. 5.3 shows a power supply of electromotive force (e.m:.) 12V and intemal resistance 0.502 connected to a filament lamp and switch. Fig. 5.3 ‘The filament lamp has a power of 36W when the p.d. across itis 12V. (i) Calculate the resistance of the lamp when the p.d. across it is 12V. resistance (ii)_The switch is closed and the current in the lam, lamp. resistance = 2(3) (6) Sens es of resistance calouated in (6 provide evidence forthe shape of ‘sketgh nin (b). YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge “ 12.2 Kirchhoff’s laws 214, G702_m20_ep_2B Q5 (a) Define the ohm. 1) (b) Awire has a resistance of 1.8. The wire has a uniform cross-sectional area of 0.38mm? and |s made of metal of resistivity 9.6 « 10-7 am, Calculate the length of the wire. m (3) length = (c) A resistor X of resistance 1.82 is connected to a resi sistance 0.609 and a battery P, as shown in Fig. 5.1 The battery P has, tive force (e.m.f,) of 1.2V and negligible internal resistance. ‘ergy, why the potential difference (p.d.) across resistor X is less. cattery. Calculate the potential difference across resistor X. Potential difference =... ee via YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS YgpPapacambridge (d) Another battery Q of e.m4. 1.2V and negligible internal resistance is now connected into the circuit of Fig. 5.1 to produce the new circuit shown in Fig. 5.2. 1.2V a 1.2V be 182 0.602 x Y rig 52 State whether the addition of battery Q causes the current to decrease, in or remain the samen (0 resistorx oO " (ii) battery P. ... (1) {e)_ The circuit shown in Fig. 5.2 is modified to produce the os inFig. 53. ssn (the total the two resistors connected in paalet wy, << resistance = en (ii) the current in resistor ¥. current = AQ [Total: 12] YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge - 215, 9702_s20_ap_22 @6 (a) A battery of electromotive force (e.mJ.) 7.8V and internal resistance r is connected to a filament lamp, as shown in Fig. 6.1 Fig. 6.4 the filament lamp dissipates 5.7 kJ of energy. The e.mf. of the battery remains A total charge of 750C moves through the battery in a time interval of 1500s. 3 this time (i) Explain, in terms of energy and without a calculation, why the pot ce across: the lamp must be less than the e.m.f of the battery. 1 Caloulate: the current in the circuit 2 OQ ‘cuent ae 2. the potenti oO the lamp sy wey ° potential diference vel the internal resistance of the battery. intornal resistance = 22 YgpPapacambridgeYgpPapacambridge (b) Astudent is provided with three resistors of resistances 90, 459 and 202. CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS (i) Sketch a circuit diagram showing how two of these three resistors may be connected together to give a combined resistance of 302 between the terminals shown. Label the values of the resistances on your diagram, a (ii) A potential divider circuit is produced by connecting the three resistors to a battery of emf. 9.0V and negligible intemal resistance. The potential divider circuit provides an ‘output potential difference Voyj7 of 3.6V. The circuit diagram is shown in Cy 2? a. On Fig. 6.2, | Oo 35 of al three resistors and the potential difference Vou 2 [Total: 10] oy ° YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge 216, 97C2_s20_ap_23 5 (a) Define the vot 1) (b) Fig. 5.1 shows a network of three resistors, 3002 xo———————+ 559 1+ 14002 Calculate: Fig. 5.4 (i) the combined resistance of the two resistors connected in cea > ww combined resistance = & : oi fo C (c) The network in (b) is coy between terminals (i) Calculate the, 3002. 2D 1 resistor of resistance: istance = ett) ower supply so that there is a potential difference er dissipated in the resistor of resistance 659 is 0.20W. current = current = (3) YgpPapacambridgeYgpPapacambridge (ii) Caloulate the potential difference between X and Y. CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS potential difference = ... vol Total: 7] YgpPapacambridge“aWPanaGambridge o 217. S7O2_w20_ap_21 Q:7 (a) Define the ohm. (1) (b) A uniform wire has resistance 3.22. The wire has length 2.5m and is made from metal of resistivity 460ng2m. Calculate the cross-sectional area of the wire. cross-sectional area = rw roves MP [3] (c) A.cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) E and internal resis! js connected to a variable resistor of resistance R, as shown in Fig. 7.1. R 2 Fig. 74 Te cyt rn 5 (i) “Stardhin te lergy, why the potential difference across the variable resistor is less thai the e, the cell (1 YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS *gpPapacambridge (ii) State an expression for E in terms of I, R and r. EF sae (1 (lll) The resistance R of the variable resistor is changed so that it is equal tor Determine an expression, in terms of only E and r, for the power P dissipated in the variable resistor. ~ 2 (Total: 8) YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge 7 2S. FOD_W20_ap_2 Q:6 (a) Anetwork of three resistors of resistances A, R, and R, is shown in Fig. 6.1 > Fig. 6.4 The individual currents in the resistors are I,, I, and I, The total current in neBiprraion of resistors is J and the potential ailerence across the combination is V. Show tat he combined resistance Rofthe networks gen by > % oO a (b) A battery of electromotive for resistors X, Y and Z, as 0.458, 6a Fig. 6.2 YgpPapacambridge“ . * “apPapacambridge CHAPTER 22. D.C. CIRCUITS Resistor Y has a resistance of 162. The current in resistor X Is 0.49A and the current in resistor Y is 0.45A, Calculate: (| the current in the battery current = sone A [AY (ii) the internal resistance rof the battery. S@ 2 7 and cross-sectional (c) Resistors X and Y in Fig. 6.2 are made from wires of the si area. The average drift speed of the free electrons in X i Calculate the average drift speed v of the free elect ms” [2] (@) Resistor Zin Fi laced by a new resistor of smaller resistance. Staté-aha & ct, if any, on the terminal potential difference of the battery. ° * i) {[Total: 9} YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge - 219. S7O2_W20_ap_23 Q: 6 {@) Define electric potential aifference (p.4.). (1) (b) A wite of cross-sectional area A is made from metal of resistivity p. The wire is extended. ‘Assume that the volume V of the wire remains constant as it extends. ‘Show that the resistance R of the extending wire is inversely proportional to A2, 4 Oo 2 % (c) Abattery of electromotive force (e.ms.) E and internal resistan. ected to a variable resistor of resistance R, a8 shown in Fig. 6.1. 6 A oe 9.6.4 The current inthe Use Kirchhoffs show that + E} © %, R=(7)- . YgpPapacambridgese . “gpPapacambridge CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS (a) An ammeter is used in the circuit in (c) to measure the current I as resistance R is varied. Fig. 6.2 is a graph of R against J 6 RIQ Fig. 6.2 power = a sones W [3] (e) to: 4. state th sistance r of the battery 2.6 deter eam. E of the battery. v (3) [Total: 10] YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge . 2H. FOD_mi19_ep_B O6 (@) Using energy transformations, describe the electromotive force (e.m.f) of a battery and the potential aifference (p.d.) across a resistor. emt. pd ia (b) A battery of ems. 6.0V and negligible internal resistance is connected to a network of resistors and a voltmeter, as shown in Fi >= 60v |} romp QD (The resistance A of the variabj X is adjusted until the voltmeter reads 4.8 V. Calculate: —— e? . * 2 current = alt] the tofal power provided by the battery WE) YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS *gpPapacambridge 3. the number of conduction electrons that move through the battery in a time interval of 258 umber = fl 4. the total resistance of X and Y connected in parallel total resistance = 2) 5. the resistance Ry. oe A 22 (ii) The resistance sased. ‘State and exp! nge, if any, to the reading on the voltmeter. [2] [Total: 13] YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge wo PL. GTC2_s19_ap_2 @6 A battery of electromotive force (e.m4.) E and internal resistance +r is connected to a variable resistor of resistance R, as shown in Fig. 6.1 Fig. 6.1 ‘The current in the circuit is I and the potential difference across the variable resister (Dy (@) Explain, in terms of energy, why Vis less than E. (©) The resistance F of the variable resistor GC he variation with T of V is shown in Fig. 6.2. 30 0 05 10 15 20 IIA Fig. 6.2 YgpPapacambridge“ . * “apPapacambridge CHPTER.2, D.C. CIRCUITS Use Fig. 6.2 to: (explain how it may be deduced that the e.m.t of the battery is 2.8V (ii) calculate the internal resistance r. rs (d) The battery stores 9.2kJ of energy. The variable resistor Is adjusted so that V Fig. 6.20 (i) caloulate resistance R & (i) calculate the number of conduction electrons mi - 2[t] 1.08 Driver. r (iil) determine the time take; nergy in the battery to become equal to 1.6kJ. (Assume that the 0 ry and the current in the battery remain constant.) sy 3 we ° time taken = .. $(3] [Total: 10] YgpPapacambridge“aWPanaGambridge a 22. STC_s9_ap_22 5 (@) State Kirchhot’s second law. (2) (b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.{.) §.6V and internal resistance r is connected to two extemal resistors, as shown in Fig. 9.1. Fo. YY The reading on the voltmeter is 4.8V. sO () Calculate: 1. the combined resistance of the oO innected in parallel OO ore resistance 2. the cu tery. sz oy . current =... Al (il) Show that the internal resistance ris 2.522 2) YgpPapacambridge“ . * “apPapacambridge CHAPTER 22. D.C. CIRCUITS (iii) Determine the ratio power dissipated by internal resistance total power produced by battery ratio = [3] (©) The battery in (b) is now connected to a battery of e.m.f. 7.2V and internal resistance 3.59. ‘The new circuit is shown in Fig. 5.2. S oP? current = so ALB] (Total: 13] YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge . PR ITCE_sl9_ap_2 @6 (@) Define the ohm. sol] (b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m4.) E and internal resistance 1.59 is connected to a network of resistors, as shown in Fig, 6.1 Fig. 6.1 Resistor X has a resistance of 8.02. Resistor Y has a resist 2. Resistor Z has a resistance of R. The current in X is 0.60A and the curre (Calculate 4. the current Fin the battery 2 7 2. resistance Ry Q - wy A= 22) . emt, & vel YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS YgpPapacambridge (ii) Resistors X and Y are each made of wire. The two wires have the same length and are made of the same metal. Determine the ratio: cross-sectional area of wire X cross-sectional area of wire Y average drift speed of free electrons in X so average drift speed of free electrons in Y o e eas [Total: 10] YgpPapacambridge“aWPanaGambridge os PA, 702_w19_ap_21 Q:6 (@) Define electric potential difference (p.d). a) (b) The variation with potential difference Vof the current J in a semiconductor dlode is shown in Fig 6.4 20 25 Lima 20 : @ S 5 w : Ay ° (oe viv Fig. 6.1 < . Use Fig. 6.1 to describe qualtativly the vaffton gfthe resistance ofthe diode as Vinoreases from 00 1.0V. yl YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS ‘ *“gpPapacambridge (©). The diode in (b) is part of the circuit shown in Fig. 6.2. 2.0 15mA 602 Fig. 6.2 The cell of electromotive force (e.m.t) 2.0 and negligible internal resistance is connected in series with the diode and resistors X and Y. The resistance of Y is 60. The current in the cell we (ii) Calculate’ & oo Cc & (i) Use Fig.6.1 to determine the resistance of the diode. oe _power dissipated in resistor Y_ Total power produced by the cell resistance = 2p] + sage ratio = io} (Total: 11] YgpPapacambridge“aWPanaGambridge © 25, G702_w19_ap_22 Q:6 (a) State Kirchhot's first law. a (b) The variations with potential difference V of the current I for a resistor X and for a semiconductor diode are shown in Fig. 6.1 15.0. 125 LimA 10.0 resistor X 75 5.0 ‘diode. @ Ss 0. 25 oe : 0 01 02 08 04 05 o ve resistance =... 23) 0) , the variation of the resistance of the diode as V increases from ~ (t] YgpPapacambridge“ . * “apPapacambridge CHAPTER 22. D.C. CIRCUITS (©) The diode and the resistor X in (b) are connected into the circuit shown in Fig. 6.2. 9.3maA 7.5mA Fig. 6.2 The cell has electromotive force (e.m.t.) E and negligible internal resistance. Resistor Y is ‘connected in parallel with resistor X and the diode. The current in the cell is 9.3mA and the ‘current in the diode is 7.5mA, (i) Use Fig. 6.1 to determine E. & >, oN ( co nage (ii) Determine the resistance of resistor Y. & (iil) Calculate the din the diode, power = .... sW (2) (iv) The cell is now replaced by a new cell of e.m.f, 0.50 and negligible internal resistance. Use Fig. 6.1 to determine the new current in the diode. tA [1] Total: 11] CUTTER = os YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge . 2H. TOD_W19_ap_23 Q: 6 Abattery of electromotive force (e.m.{.) 12V and negligible internal resistance is connected to a network of two lamps and two resistors, as shown in Fig. 6.1. Fig. 6.1 ‘The two lamps in the circuit have equal resistances. The two resistors hi Ge Rand r 289. The lamps are connected at junction X and the resistors are conn jon ¥, The ‘current in the battery is 0.50A and the current in the lamps is 0.20A. (@) Calculate: Se (the resistance of each lamp nce .2 [2 (i) resistance A. Q “ - Dd PE ne 2 [2] (b) Determine the potential difference V,,, between points X and Y. Voy= vial YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS YgpPapacambridge (©) Caloulate the ratio total power dissipated by the lamps total power produced by the battery ratio =... i) (d)_ The resistor of resistance F is now replaced by another resistor of lower resistance. State and explain the effect, if any, of this change on the ratio in (c). (2) Total: 11] YgpPapacambridge“aWPanaGambridge el 27. F702_mil§_qp_® Q:5 (@) State Kirchhot’s second law. (2) (b)_ Two batteries, each of electromotive force (e.m/.) 6.0V and negligible internal resistance, are connected in series with three resistors, as shown in Fig. 5.1 4 a 402] |x 60V y| |1s2 & I Oo Fig. 5.1 ws Resistor X has resistance 4.0 and resistor Y has res 2. (The resistance A of the variable resistor isc nil the voltmeter in the circuit reads zero. Calculate 4. the current Zin the circu Alt] 21 YgpPapacambridge*gpPapacambridge (ii) Resistors X and Y are wires made from the same material. The diameter of the wire of X is twice the diameter of the wire of Y. CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS Determine the ratio average drift speed of tree electrons in X average drift speed of free electrons in ¥ ratio = eee . 2 (iii) The resistance A of the variable resistor is now increased. +, State and explain the effect of the increase in Fon the power ied by each of the batteries. YgpPapacambridge“aBPanaCambridge wo ‘BS. H02_sI8_qp_21 Q6 (a) Define the volt. mul (b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m..) 4.5V and negiigible internal resistance is connected to two fament lamps P and Q and a resistor R, as shown in Fig. 6.1. SV {oe Ss ‘The current in lamp P is 0.15A. ‘The I-V characteristics of the filament lamps are shown in Fi 0.20: 7 IIA 0.15: - + “ ° ‘ i eres viv Fig. 6.2 (i) Use Fig. 6.2 to determine the current in the battery. Explain your working current =... Al] YgpPapacambridgeYgpPapacambridge (ii) Caloulate the resistance of resistor R. CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS resistance = ~ 212] (iii) The filament wires of the two lamps are made from material with the same resistivity at their operating temperature in the circult. The diameter of the wire of lamp P is twice the diameter of the wire of lamp Q. Determine the ratio ength of filament wite of lamp P length of filament wire of lamp Q se < © x pre 8 (iv) The filament wire of lamp Q. eo” stops conducting. State and explai a the effect on the resistance of lamp P. [2] [Total: 10] YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge . 29, 9702_sI8_ap_22 @6 (@) (State Kirchhott’s first law. (1) (i) Kirchhott’s first law is linked to the conservation of a certain quantity. State this quantity. =i (b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m..) 8.0V and internal resistance 2.09 is connected to a resistor X and a wire Y, as shown in Fig. 6.1 @0V,) 202 x >, a ww a0 < Fig. 6.1 The resistance of X is 150. The resistance he current in the battery is 2.5. Calculate 1. the thermal energy dissip Qe? battery in a time of 5.0 minutes, ¢ energy =... JE) - 2. Me te fential difference of the battery. terminal potential difference = vil YgpPapacambridge“ . * “apPapacambridge CHAPTER 22. D.C. CIRCUITS (i) Determine the resistance Ry. [3] (il) Anew wire Z has the same length but less resistance than wire Y. 1. State two possible differences between wire Z and wite Y. separately cause wire Z to have less resistance than wire Y. % “ first difference: ... second altlerence: : < e i 2. Wire Y is replaced in the circuil By considering the current in the battery, state and explain the effect jing the wires on the total power produced by the battery. (2) “y [otal: 12] YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge . 220, 9TC2_sIS_ap_23.@6 Awire X has a constant resistance per unit length of 3,082m-' and a diameter of 0.48mm. (a) Calculate the resistivity of the metal of wire X. resistivity = ... snenes QM [3] (b) The wire X is connected into the circuit shown in Fig. 6.1. 1.6A 2 The battery has an electromotive f tL.) of 5.0V and an internal resistance of 2.02. The wire X and a resistor R of r 52 are connected in parallel. The current in the battery is 1.64. (i) Calculate the Qe. resistor R, + “3, > . potential difference = vi YgpPapacambridgeYgpPapacambridge (ii) Determine, for wire x, CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS 4. its resistance, FeSistanoe = oc cconnennnneennnn 263) 2. ts length. TeAGN = orerrrenn Qa’ Cc ot e YgpPapacambridge“aWPanaGambridge ” BL. 9702_w18_qp_21 Q:6 (@) State Kirchhot’s second law. [2 (b) An electric heater containing two heating wires X and Y is connected to a power supply of electromotive force (e.m.{.) 9.0 and negligible internal resistance, as shown in Fig. 6.1 9.0V roe? wire ¥ Fig. 6.1 Wire X has a resistance of 2.4 and wire Y has a, of 1.20 Avoltmeter is connected in parallel with the wires. A variable resistor depo the power dissipated in wires X and Y. ‘The variable resistor is adjusted so ae imeter reads 6.0V. (Calculate the resistance of OO resistor. wey FESISLANCE = ons om 213] (ii) Calculate the power dissipated in wire X. power = ... WER} YgpPapacambridgeYgpPapacambridge (iii) The cross-sectional area of wire X is three times the cross-sectional area of wire Y. ‘Assume that the resistivity and the number density of free electrons for the metal of both wires are the same. CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS Determine the ratio 4, length of wite x length of wire Y" ratio = .. average drift velocity of free electrons in wire X @ average drift velocity of tree electrons in wire Y Qo 2) {Total: 11] YgpPapacambridge“aWPanaGambridge o 232. 702_w18_ap_23 Q:7 (a) State Kirchhot's first law. (1) (b) A potentiometer is connected to a battery of electromotive force (e.m..) 9.6V and negligible internal resistance, as shown in Fig. 7.1. o, : S an ‘The maximum resistance of the potentiometer i resistor R of resistance 4009 is ‘connected between the slider and end X of meter, when the slider is positioned (State the potential difference across re 4, at end X of the potentiom & Ser AMLOFEMOE a cieiaei atend Y antiometer. +9 potential diference = v “y (2) rob S slider 2 ° YgpPapacambridge*gpPapacambridge (ii) Calculate the potential difference across resistor R when the slider is positioned halt-way between X and Y. CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS Potential difference = on cnrnnnnennnnenne vel 2 Toa 6 YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge « 233, 9702_mil7_qp_2 @:6 (a) Three resistors of resistances A, R and R, are connected as shown in Fig. 6.1 Fig. 6.1 ‘The total current in the combination of resistors is J and the potential difference across the combination is V. ‘Show that the total resistance A of the combination is given by the equation ia (b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.1) resistor of resistance 120 and a variab] id intemal resistance r is connected to a X, as shown in Fig. 6.2. ? Fig. 6.2 (By considering energy, explain why the potential difference across the battery's terminals is less than the e.m{. of the battery. (a) YgpPapacambridge“ . * “apPapacambridge CHAPTER 22. D.C. CIRCUITS (ii) Acharge of 2.5kC passes through the battery. Calculate 1. the total energy transformed by the battery, energy 2. the number of electrons that pass through the battery. number = fee Cy (ili) The combined resistance of the two resistors connected in parallehs, & Calculate the resistance of X. % Off] (iv) + ® wey ratio= .. v2] * (v) The resistapa® ot X is now decreased. Explain why the power produced by the battery is, increased. [t] (Total: 11] YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge . BA. 9702_s\7_ap_2 @6 (@) Define the ohm. (1) (b) A cell X of electromotive force (e.m.t) 1.5V and negligible internal resistance is connected in series to three resistors A, B and C, as shown in Fig. 6.1. Nd oO >, Fig. 6.4 < Resistors A and B have resistances 6.00 and 3.00 respe se connected in parallel. Resistor C has resistance 4.0 and is connected in series parallel combination. Calculate (the current inthe circuit, Cc y “3, current = ...... . (ii) the'currengjAFesistor B, eA [3] current =... coe ALN YgpPapacambridgeYgpPapacambridge (ii) the ratio CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS power dissipated in resistor 8 power dissipated in resistor C i (2) (©) The resistors A, B and C in (b) are wires of the same material and have the same length (i) Explain how the resistors may be made with different resistance values. & i) (ii) Calculate the ratio 2 Oo & ratio = «.. 2) (a) Acell of emf. 1. ¢gligible internal resistance is connected in parallel with cell X in Fig. 6.1 with thei srminals together. State | 1 the current in CP oeiyx, tt] (ii) resistor C. (Total: 12] YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge . 225, 9702_sl7_ap_22 @7 (@) Define electromotive force (e.m4.) of a cell (1) (b) Acell C of e.m-f. 1.50V and intemal resistance 0.2002 is connected in series with resistors X and Y, as shown in Fig. 7.1. State and explain the variation in the nce (p.d.) between points A and B (terminal p.d. across C). Numerical valfes ar (3) (li) The resista al 6.000. The current in the circult is 0.180. tui * 1. “the res of X, resistance = ovo [2] YgpPapacambridgeYgPPapacambridge 2. the p.d. between points A and B, CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS 8. the efficiency of the cell. efficiency = nnn oP A2] xs (Total: 10] YgpPapacambridge“aWPanaGambridge » 226, 9TC2_sI7_ap_23 6 (a) Desoribe the I-V characteristic of (i) @ metallic conductor at constant temperature, [1] (li) semiconductor diode. (2) (b) Two identical filament lamps are connected in series and then in parallel tery of electromotive force (e.m..) 12V and negligible internal resistance, as shown taand Fig. 6.1b. Oo — | aa Fig. 6.14 Ce in Fig. 6.2. ‘The I-V characteristic of each | 0 2.0 40 60 8.0 10.0 120 vv Fig. 6.2 YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS YgpPapacambridge (i) Use the information shown in Fig. 6.2 to determine the current through the battery in 1. the circuit of Fig. 6.1, current = A 2. the circuit of Fig. 6.1b. current = ... (ii) Calculate the total resistance in 1. the circuit of Fig. 6.1a, Oo) “ > resistance = < . er) of Fig. 6.1b. @ OOF a. a 8 0) Calgget wm 1. 6.14 ° sipated in a lamp in the cifcult of Fig. 6.10 rato = .. eal (Total: 11] YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge 27. TOD_W1T_ap_2 Q:5 Three cells of electromotive forces (e.m.1.) E,, &, and E, are connected into a circuit, as shown in Fig. 51 an ae ‘The circuit contains resistors of resistances R,, Ay, A, and A, "5 The currents in the different parts of the circuit aré I,, I, and I. ~ The cells have negligible internal resistance. (@ 1. fgand ly, (b) &,, Ey, Ry, Ay, Ry, F, and Z, in loop W: I {Total: 3} Atl YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS YgpPapacambridge 228, 9702_ml6_ap_2® Q:5 (@) (i) State what is meant by an electric current. (il) Define electric potential aiference (p.d). (1) (b) A power supply of electromotive force (e.m.t) 8.7V and negligible internal resistance is connected by two identical wires to three filament lamps, as shown in Fig. 5.1 connecting wires So } power supply a7V 0.308 Fig. 5.1 (not to s The power supply provides a current of 0 rout The filament lamps are identical. The I4Y chafacterstic for one of the lamps is shown in Fig. 5.2. 0.40: IIA oO 10 20 3.0 40 viv Fig. 5.2 YgpPapacambridgeapPanacambridge a (i) Show that the resistance of each connecting wire is 2.02. fa ‘The resistivity of the metal of the connecting wires does not vary with temperature, ‘On Fig. 5.2, sketch the I-V characteristic for one of the connecting wires. ) (iii) Calculate the power loss in one of the connecting wires. (iv) Some data for the connecting wires are given below. © cross-sectional area = 0.4mm? resistivity = 1.7 x 10°82 m number density of free electrons = (ei Calculate 1. the length of one of the con 2. + rey % > length = -m (2) . 2. the drift &Beed of a free electron in the connecting wires. drift speed = mst 2] (Total: 12), YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS YgpPapacambridge 229, 9702_sl6_ap_22 7 (a) Electric current is a flow of charge carriers. The charge on the carriers is quantised. Explain what is meant by quantised. {1] (b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.1) 9.0V and internal resistance 0.252 is connected in series with two identical resistors X and a resistor Y, as shown in Fig. 7.1 (ee eee So TES BTS UTES eo >, Fig. 7.1 ws The resistance of each resistor X is 0.152 and the resis eistorY is 2.70. (i) Show that the current in the circuit is 2.8. (ii) Caleul I difference across the battery. + wey ° (3) potential difference = vel YgpPapacambridgeapPanacambridge . (©) Each resistor X connected in the circuit in (b) is made from a wire with a cross-sectional area of 2.5mm2, The number of free electrons per unit volume in the wire is 8.5 x 102m (i) Calculate the average drift speed of the electrons in X. drift speed = .. ms" [2] (li) The two resistors X are replaced by two resistors Z made of the same material and length but with half the diameter. 42] [Total: 10] YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS YgpPapacambridge 240, 9702_w16_ap_21. Q: 6 (a) Define electric potential aitference (p.d). ft] (b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.1.) 14V and negligible internal resistance is connected to a resistor network, as shown in Fig. 6.1. yyy, It--4f mals e 0-242 ae Fig.6.1 w R, and Ry are fixed resistors of resistances 6.02 magn R, is a variable resistor. Switch S is closed. & . (i) Calculate the current in the battery wh ince of Ris set a — wv a 23 ar YgpPapacambridge“aWPanaGambridge we (ii) Use your answers in (b)(i) to calculate the change in the total power produced by the battery when the resistance of R is changed from zero to 2422. ‘change in power: . WI2} (©). Switch S in Fig, 6.1 is now opened, Resistors R, and R, are made from metal wires. Some data for these “noon in Fig. 62. cross-sectional area of wire number of free electrons per unit volume in metal on Fig. 6.2 Determine the ratio average drit speed of ratio = 2) (Total: 9] YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS YgPPapacambridge 241, 9702_w16_ap_22 Q:5 (a) State Kirchhoft's second law. 12) (b) A battery is connected in parallel with two lamps A and B, as shown in Fig. 5.1 Lge | B ww Fig. 5.1 0 The battery has electromotive force (e.m.) 6.8\aif@int@inal resistance r. ‘The I-V characteristics of lamps A and Bide shéwh in Fig. 5.2. 0.40 lamp B lamp A 8.0 vv Fig. 5.2 YgpPapacambridgePaGambridge 4 ‘The potential difference across the battery terminals is 6.0V. (i) Use Fig. 5.2 to show that the current in the battery is 0.40. 2 (ii) Calculate the internal resistance rof the battery. (A i” © . 22) (ii) Determine the ratio resistance of, resistance of ain “ > 2 YgpPapacambridge“ . * “apPapacambridge CHPTER.2, D.C. CIRCUITS (iv) Determine 1, the total power produced by the battery, powor es edcuia i on WE] 2, the efficiency of the battery in the circuit. efficiency = < a Total: 12] YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge 22 ITOD_w16_ap_23 Q: 6 451 (a) Define electric potential difference (p.d). A] (b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.1.) 14V and negligible internal resistance is connected to a resistor network, as shown in Fig. 6.1 : So aa Oo) w R, and R, are fixed resistors of resistances 6.02 and on R, is a variable Fig.6.1 resistor. Switch S is closed. (i) Calculate the current in the battery wi fPeice of Ry is set 1. at zero, “%, 9 current = ay 2. eat 241 current = .. Ar] YgpPapacambridge*gpPapacambridge Use your answers in (b)(i) to calculate the change in the total power produced by the battery when the resistance of R is changed from zero to 2422. CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS change in power = wial (©) Switch S in Fig. 6.1 is now opened. Resistors R and Ry are made from metal wires. Some data for these noon in Fig. 6.2. ‘cross-sectional area of wire umber of free electrons per unit volume in metal Fig. 6.2 Determine the ratio average dri speed of, ratio [2] (Total: 9} YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge 7 2B. 9TC_sI5_ap_22 5 (a) On Fig. 5.1, sketch the temperature characteristic of a thermistor. resistance 0 100 temperature /*C a So : 2 a (b) A potential divider circuit is shown in Fig. 6.2. % ty Fi The battery of ole re@ (@.m.1) 12V and negligible internal resistance is connected in series with re id Y and thermistor Z. The resistance of Y is 15k and the resistance of lar temperature is 3.0k@. The potential difference (p.d.) across Y is 80V we (i) Explain wh) wer transformed in the battery equals the total power transformed in X,Y and io} (ii) Calculate the current in the circuit, current = YgpPapacambridge*gpPapacambridge (iii) Calculate the resistance of X. CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS resistance = 2 [3] (iv) The temperature of Z is increased, State and explain the effect on the potential difference across Z. YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge 21, S7OD_w15_ap_2l Q:6 (@)_ Define electromotive force (e.m.,) for a battery. a (b) A battery of e.m..6.0V and internal resistance 0.50 is connected in series with two resistors X andy, as shown in Fig. 6.1. 190 uo @ ne % Fig.6.1 The resistance of X is 4.09 and the resistance of Y is =e Calculate (i) the current in the circuit, 2 (ii) the terminal ference (p.d.) across the battery + wey vit) YgpPapacambridgeYgpPapacambridge (©) A tesistor Z is now connected in parallel with resistor Y in the circuit in (b). The new arrangement is shown in Fig. 6.2. CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS 4.02 129 Fig. 6.2 Resistor Y is made from a wire of length land diameter d, Resistor Z js fe from the ‘same material as. The length of the wire for Z is 1/2 and the diameter (0) Calculate the resistance Fof the combination of rosistos Vf 0 < 2 v R= 2] YgpPapacambridge“aWPanaGambridge = (d) For the circuits given in (b) and (¢), show that the ratio r developed in the external circuit in Fig. 6.1 Power developed in the external circuit in Fig. 6.2 is approximately 0.8. YgpPapacambridge*gpPapacambridge 25, STOD_W15_qp_22 Q:6 CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS ‘A 12V battery with internal resistance 0.50 is connected to two identical filament lamps L, and Las shown in Fig. 6.1 @ ‘The lamps are connected to the battery via switches S, and S,. The fi ing of each lamp is 48W for a potential difference of 12V. closed and S, open. Slate and explain whether th power transformed ee (b) 8, is now also closed. (State and expl Or the current in L,. (ii) State an€explain the effect on the resistance of L,.. YgpPapacambridgeYapPanaGambridge 7 (a) The I-V characteristic of a semiconductor diode is shown in Fig. 5.1. 140 120 100 mA 80 60 49 20 Fig. 5.4 yy (i) Use Fig. 5.1 to explain the variation of the resistan le as Vincreases from zero to 0.8V. 13] (ii) Use Fig. 5.1 1 the resistance of the diode for a current of 4.4mA. wey ° resistance = YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS YgpPapacambridge (b) Acellof e.m4. 1.2V and negligible internal resistance is connected in series to a semiconductor diode and a resistor Ry, as shown in Fig. 5.2. jiav 7ema | +S 4 : 3752 Fig. 5.2 A resistor R of resistance 3752 is connected across the cell. The diode has the characteristic shown in Fig. 5.1. The current supplied by the oS 7.6mA. Calculate (i) the currentin R., > & (li) the resistance of R,, resistance = power dissipated in the diode _ power dissipated in Fy ratio 2] YgpPapacambridge“aWPanacamhridge 7 12.3 Potential dividers 27, 9TC2_s20_ap_2 5 (a) Metal wire is used to connect a power supply to a lamp. The wire has a total resistance of 3.49 and the metal has a resistivity of 2.6 x 10-*2m. The total length of the wire is 59m. (i) Show that the wire has a cross-sectional area of 4.5 x 10-7 m?. 1 o, ~ current = oS Alt] ‘The number density of the free electrons in 2 186.1 102ny Calculate the average ditt speed “7 “4, >» average drift speed = a onus mS" [2] ire 12] rons in the wire. (b) Aditfereft wi current. This wire has a part thats thinner than the rest of the wire, as Shown in Fig. 5 wire thinner part Fig. 5.4 YgpPapacambridge“ . * “apPapacambridge CHAPTER 22. D.C. CIRCUITS ()) State and explain qualitatively how the average drift speed of the free electrons in the thinner part compares with that in the rest of the wire. a (li) State and explain whether the power dissipated in the thinner partis the same, less or ‘more than the power dissipated in an equal length of the rest of the wire. a (c)_ Three resistors have resistances of 1802, 902 and 302. (I) Sketch a diagram showing how two of these three resistors may 1d together to give a combined resistance of 60 between the terminals sh Ensure you label the values of the resistances in your one x Cc ; yy connecting the three resistors to a battery of egligible intemal resistance. The potential divider difference Vou, of 8.0V. (ii) A potential divider circutt is pr electromotive force (e.m-f.) circuit provides an output Fig. §.2 shows the circ Fig.5.2 On Fig. 52, label the resistances of all three resistors and the potential difference Vour tal (Total: 12) YgpPapacambridge“aBPanacambridge ws YAR, ITCE_sI5_ap_23 5 ‘A.uniform resistance wire AB has length 50cm and diameter 0.36mm. The resistivity of the metal of the wire is 6.1 x 10-7Qm, (a) Show that the resistance of the wire AB is 2.52. (2) (b) The wire AB is connected in series with a power supply E and a resistor R as shown in Fig. 5.1 (A A The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of Cc. its internal resistance is negligible. of E. The wire CD has oO 100: eter 0.18mm and is made of the same metal as wire AB. current Ala S “apPapacambridge*gpPapacambridge (ii) the power transformed in wire AB, CHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS power a WE) (iii) the potential difference (p.d.) between the midpoint M of wire AB and the midpoint N of wire CD. VE] YgpPapacambridge“aWPanacamhridge 7 29. TTOD_W15_ap_2 Q:5 ‘A.240V power supply S with negligible internal resistance is connected to four resistors, as shown in Fig. 5.1 0.408 240V < 25° 4 A > 5502 3502 b 8 SOD R Fig. 5.4 ‘Two resistors of resistance 5502 and 9509 are connected in series across S. Two/fBsistors of resistance 3502 and are also connected in series across S. The current supplied by S is 0.40. O) Currents I, and I, in the circuit are shown in Fig. 5.1 ¢ (a) Calculate ww 0 nm, 0 SX woe AL] (i resistance R, & sve [2] > ransomed in resistor of resistance 3500 power Vanalet tied i feaetoroleestaree 6500 ratio = vow [2] YgpPapacambridgeCHAPTER 12, D.C, CIRCUITS (b) Two points are labelled A and B, as shown in Fig. 5.1 (i) Calculate the potential difference Vag, between A and B. (li) The resistance Ris increased. State and explain the effect on Vag, {1] YgpPapacambridge