CONSONANT DESCRIPTIONS

CONSONAN Place of Manner of

Examples VOICING
T articulations articulation
Bend, bin, bell,
/b/ voiced bilabial stop

/m/ Voiced bilabial nasal

/w/ voiced bilabial glide

/f/ voiced labio-dental fricative

/ð/ voiced dental fricative

/d/ voiced alveolar stop

/n/ voiced alveolar nasal

/z/ voiced alveolar fricative

/l/ Voiced alveolar lateral

/ʒ/ Voiced Alveolo-palatal fricative

/dʒ/ Voiced Alveolo-palatal affricate

/r/ Voiced Alveolo-palatal retroflex

/j/ Voiced palatal glide

/g/ Voiced velar stop

/ŋ/ Voiced velar nasal

/p/ Voiceless bilabial stop

/f/ Voiceless Labio-dental fricative

/θ/ Voiceless dental fricative

/t/ Voiceless alveolar stop

/s/ Voiceless alveolar fricative

/ʃ/ Voiceless Alveolo-palatal fricative

/tʃ/ Voiceless Alveolo-palatal affricate

 /k/ Voiceless velar stop

/h/ Voiceless glottal fricative

 Phân biệt /j/ -> /yuh/

 Phân biệt /z/, /ʒ/ và /dʒ/
- /z/ : vribation in front teeth, can be produced as long as you still have air
- /ʒ/ (zh): vribation in jaw (teeth), can be produced as long as you still have air
- /dʒ/: one strong puff of air (lai âm tiếng việt /tr/ và /gi/)
VOWEL DESCRIPTION

MONOPHTHONG

VOWEL Examples Long/Short High/Low Front/Back Roundedness

We, she, see,
/i:/ Long High front Unrounded
receive
You, two, room,
/u:/ Long high back rounded
boot
Firm, learn, her,
/ɜ:/ Long mid central neutral
girl, stir
Daughter, tall, fall,
/ɔ:/ Long mid Back rounded
walk (UK)
Father, hard, card,
/ɑ:/ Long low Back neutral
start
Fish, rich, ship,
/ɪ/ Short high front Unrounded
kid, him, dinner
Book, foot, look,
/ʊ/ Short high back rounded
good, woman
head, said, ready,
/e/ Short mid Front Unrounded
many, jealous
About, ago, sofa,
/ə/ Short mid central neutral
famous
Bat, cat, happy,
/æ/ Short Low Front Neutral
laugh, thanks
country, cup, love,
/ʌ/ Short Low Central Neutral
money
Honest, coffee,
/ɒ/ Short Low back rounded
dog, hot

 Phân biệt /ʌ/ (country, cup, love) và /ə/ (About, ago, sofa, famous): âm /ʌ/ thường ở âm tiết có
trọng âm, âm /ə/ không mang trọng âm (trong từ có nhiều âm tiết)
 Âm /ɜ:/ thường đi kèm âm /r/ -> /ɝː/
 Phân biệt âm /u:/ và /ʊ/: Âm /u:/ tense, dài hơn
DIPHTHONGS

VOWEL Examples
Might, I, my,
/aɪ/ Low central High front
highlight
Sale, may, day,
/eɪ/ Mid front High front
okay
Toy, boy, coin,
/ɔɪ/ Mid back High front
point
Pear, there,
/eə/ Mid front Mid central
parent
to diphthong
hear, year, really,
/ɪə/ High front Mid central
mere
Poor, tour, cure,
/ʊə/ High back Mid central
jury
Go, show, only,
/əʊ/ Mid central High back
hotel
Now, brown,
/aʊ/ Low central High back
sound