Separation Process (II)

Module 1: Evaporation

Tutorial # 1

Course Learning Outcome:

1-Evaluate the basic fluid properties such as density, specific weight

and viscosity and their dimensions and units

2- Demonstrate the dimensional analysis for planning experiments

and the techniques involved.

Lecturer Name: Dr Mostafa Ghasemi Baboli

Academic Year: 2022-2023
Course Coordinator Name: Dr Mostafa Ghasemi Baboli

Please try these exercises on your own BEFORE attending the tutorial session. You can
also work in groups to solve the questions. Come prepared and we are happy to support.
Question 1:

A single-effect evaporator is concentrating a feed of 9072 kg/h of a 10 wt

% solution of NaOH in water to a product of 50% solids. The pressure of
the saturated steam used is 42 kPa (gage) and the pressure in the vapor
space of the evaporator is 20 kPa (abs). The overall heat-transfer
coefficient is 1988 W/m2 · K. Calculate the steam used, the steam
economy in kg vaporized/kg steam, and the area for the following feed
conditions:
a. Feed temperature of 288.8 K (15.6°C).

b. Feed temperature of 322.1 K (48.9°C).

Question 2:

A single-effect evaporator is being used to concentrate a feed of 10 000

lbm/h of a cane sugar solution at 80°F and containing a sugar content of
15° Brix (degrees Brix is wt % sugar) to 30° Brix for use in a food
process. Saturated steam at 240°F is available for heating. The vapor
space in the evaporator will be at 1 atm abs pressure. The overall U = 350
btu/h · ft2 · °F and the heat capacity of the feed is cp = 0.91 btu/lbm · °F
The boiling-point rise can be estimated from the Example 8-5.1. The heat
of solution can be considered negligible and neglected. Calculate the area
required for the evaporator and the amount of steam used per hour.

References:

1- Felder, R.M. & Rousseau, R.W., Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, 3th edition,
J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2005.

2- Himmelblau, D, M, and Riggs, J, B. Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical

Engineering, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2004.
Question 1:

A single-effect evaporator is concentrating a feed of 9072 kg/h of a 10 wt

% solution of NaOH in water to a product of 50% solids. The pressure of
the saturated steam used is 42 kPa (gage) and the pressure in the vapor
space of the evaporator is 20 kPa (abs). The overall heat-transfer
coefficient is 1988 W/m2 · K. Calculate the steam used, the steam
economy in kg vaporized/kg steam, and the area for the following feed
conditions:
a. Feed temperature of 288.8 K (15.6°C).

b. Feed temperature of 322.1 K (48.9°C).

Question 2:

A single-effect evaporator is being used to concentrate a feed of 10 000

lbm/h of a cane sugar solution at 80°F and containing a sugar content of
15° Brix (degrees Brix is wt % sugar) to 30° Brix for use in a food
process. Saturated steam at 240°F is available for heating. The vapor
space in the evaporator will be at 1 atm abs pressure. The overall U = 350
btu/h · ft2 · °F and the heat capacity of the feed is cp = 0.91 btu/lbm · °F
The boiling-point rise can be estimated from the Example 8-5.1. The heat
of solution can be considered negligible and neglected. Calculate the area
required for the evaporator and the amount of steam used per hour.

References:

1- Felder, R.M. & Rousseau, R.W., Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, 3th edition,
J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2005.

2- Himmelblau, D, M, and Riggs, J, B. Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical

Engineering, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2004.