English Grammar 02 Batch 03 Annotated-1

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English Grammar - 02
Question Analysis
Parts of Speech(Adjective, Adverb, Gerund, Participle)
Clause, Phrase, Right form of verb, Vocabs
Please sit with a pen-paper
English Grammar - Syllabus
• A. Parts of Speech: • C. Clauses: • The Active Voice

• The Noun: • The Principal Clause • The Passive Voice
• The Determiner • The Subordinate Clause: • The Positive Degree
• The Gender • The Noun Clause • The Comparative Degree
• The Number • The Adjective Clause • The Superlative Degree
• The Pronoun • The Adverbial Clause & its types
• The Verb: • F. Words:
• The Finite: transitive, intransitive • D. Corrections: • Meanings Synonyms Antonyms
• The Non-finite: participles, infinitives, • The Tense • Spellings
gerund The Linking Verb
• The Verb • Usage of words as various parts of
• The Phrasal Verb
• Modals • The Preposition speech
• The Adjective • The Determiner • Formation of new words by adding
• The Gender prefixes and suffixes
• The Adverb
• The Preposition • The Number • G. Composition:
• The Conjunction • Subject-Verb Agreement • Names of parts of
paragraphs/letters/applications
• B. Idioms & Phrases: • E. Sentences & Transformations:
• Meanings of Phrases Kinds of • The Simple Sentence
Phrases • The Compound Sentence
• Identifying Phrases • The Complex Sentence
04-Oct-23 BCS Daily English Analysis 2
SL Chapter 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 Total
1 NOUN 1 1 - - - 1 1 1 - 1 6
2 Determiner - - 1 - 1 1 1 1 - 2 7
3 Gender - 1 - 1 1 - - - - - 3
4 Number 1 - 3 1 1 1 2 1 - - 10
5 Pronoun - - - 1 - - 1 - - - 2
6 Verb 1 2 2 3 2 - 3 2 1 - 16
7 Adjective 1 - 1 - 1 - - - - 2 5
8 Adverb - - - 1 - - 1 1 - - 3
9 Preposition 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 5 - 18
10 Conjunction 1 - - 1 - - - - - - 2
11 Idioms & Phrases 2 4 2 2 1 1 2 3 2 2 21
12 Clauses 1 - - - - - 1 - - - 2
13 Correction - 1 - 1 - - 1 1 3 1 8
14 Transformation - 1 - - 1 - 1 1 - - 4
15 Voice 2 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 9
16 Degree 1 - - 1 - - - - - - 2
17 Meanings - 3 3 1 5 5 3 4 1 4 29
18 Synonyms 2 1 - - 1 - - - - 1 5
19 Antonyms 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 2 1 9
20 Spellings 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 - - - 9
21 Usage of word as - - - 1 - - - - 1 1 3
various POS
22 Formation of new - 1 - - - 1 - - - - 2
word
23 Composition - - 1 - 1 - - - - - 2
• Vocabulary 43
• Idioms & Phrase 21
• Proposition 18
• Verb 16
• Noun, Determiner 13
• Number 10
• Voice 9
• Correction 8
• Adjective, Adverb 8
Adjective
• Adjectives are always attached to a noun

• If there is no noun, there will be no adjective
• Often comes before the noun (red car, bright light) - attributive
• Sometimes after the noun (the girl is pretty, the object is pretty, the
child is smart) – predicative
• Try to attach it with nouns: pretty girl, smart child etc.
• It is cloudy, It is terrible, he is angry, She is moody (describing
pronouns )
• Try to attach it with nouns: think of a noun instead of the pronoun first & then
try, it is cloudy-> the sky is cloudy -> cloudy sky.
Adjective
• The lecture is boring

• Boring lecture
• The street is flooded
• Flooded street
• Those toys are his. Which parts of Speech is Those & his.
Adverb
• Ask the question

• How,
• When,
• Where,
• Why,
• How much,
• how frequently?
Gerund and Participle
Noun/Adjective
Gerund V+ing
Noun
Participle V+ing
Adjective
Gerund and Participle
Noun can be used As.. Gerund/Participle

Subject
Direct Object Gerund
Indirect Object
Predicate Nominative
Object of a Preposition
Easy way to hunt Gerund
Noun can be used As.. Gerund/Participle

Subject If you omit
Direct Object Gerund gerund from a
Indirect Object sentence, it
doesn’t make
Predicate Nominative
sense
Object of a Preposition
Acid Test for Gerund
Test for..
Can be replaced by “something”, “this”, “it”
Cannot be removed from the sentence
Is object of the preposition
Come after possessive adjective
Has its own verb
Has compound forms
Changed form; not a reduction
Oversleeping is bad
Has its own verb
Has compound forms(weight-lifting/over-sleeping)
He’s tired of sleeping

Has its own verb
Has compound forms
I am tired of his sleeping

Can be replaced by “something”, “this”, “it”/
Has its own verb
Has compound forms
Acid Test for Participle
Test for..
Reduction of adjective phrase(who is/ which is) or
adverbial phrase(before, after, if)
Can be removed(adjective clause) or moved @ the sentence(adverbial Clause)
Used to make continuous sentences (he is singing)
The man standing there is Bill Gates

The man who is standing there is Bill Gates
He loves sleeping.
He loves who was sleeping
So it is Gerund.
Reduction of adjective phrase or adverbial phrase (who is/ which is)
That man who is standing by the door is my uncle.

You can take rest when you have finished working.

When you have finished working, you can take rest.
Acid Test for Gerund/Participle
Talking a lot in class, Rahul got punished.

If a sentence starts with v+ing, continue reading till you find a Verb / Noun.
If you find a Noun, its participle.
If you find an Verb, its gerund
Acid Test for Gerund/Participle
Talking a lot in class is a wrong thing.

If a sentence starts with v+ing, continue reading till you find a Verb / Noun.
If you find a Noun, its participle.
If you find an verb, its gerund
Exercise
No Sentence Gerund /
Participle
1 I miss living in the city.
2 He enjoys sailing
3 I enjoy drawing portraits.
4 Walking around the car, they inspected the tires.
5 The bird is making its nest.
6 He does not enjoy spending a lot of time on social media.
7 I am interested in learning to cook.
8 He has no interest in showing off his wealth.
9 I have always been against spending too much money on
celebrations.
Excercise
Participle
1 I miss living in the city. Gerund
2 He enjoys sailing Gerund
3 I enjoy drawing portraits. Gerund
4 Walking around the car, they inspected the tires. Participle
5 The bird is making its nest. Participle
6 He does not enjoy spending a lot of time on social media. Gerund
7 I am interested in learning to cook. Gerund
8 He has no interest in showing off his wealth. Gerund
9 I have always been against spending too much money on Gerund
celebrations.
Exercise
Participle
1 He has ruined his lungs by smoking.
2 Asking questions is easier than answering them.
3 We saw a clown standing on his head.
4 He hates spending money.
5 Waving their hands, the spectators cheered the runners.
6 We are fighting a losing battle.
7 It is freezing cold.
8 We are confident of winning the election.
9 The boy cried thinking that he would be whipped.
10 Can you teach me painting?
Excercise
Participle
1 He has ruined his lungs by smoking. Gerund
2 Asking questions is easier than answering them. Gerund
3 We saw a clown standing on his head. Participle
4 He hates spending money. Gerund
5 Waving their hands, the spectators cheered the runners. Participle
6 We are fighting a losing battle. participle
7 It is freezing cold. participle
8 We are confident of winning the election. Gerund
9 The boy cried thinking that he would be whipped. participle
10 Can you teach me painting? Gerund
Gerund/Participle Quiz
No Sentences Gerund/participle
1 Swimming is good exercise.
2 The falling leaves covered the ground.
3 She enjoys swimming in the ocean.
4 The barking dog woke me up.
5 I love reading books.
6 He was reading a book all night.
7 Skiing can be a thrilling experience.
8 The barking dog woke me up.
9 I need your help with moving the furniture.
10 The running water in the stream was crystal clear.
Gerund/Participle Quiz Answer
No Sentences Gerund/participle
1 Swimming is good exercise. Gerund
2 The falling leaves covered the ground. Answer: Participle
Participle
3 She enjoys swimming in the ocean. Gerund
4 The barking dog woke me up. Answer: Participle Participle
5 I love reading books. Gerund
6 He was reading a book all night. Participle
7 Skiing can be a thrilling experience. Gerund
8 The barking dog woke me up. Participle
9 I need your help with moving the furniture. Gerund
10 The running water in the stream was crystal clear. Participle
Verbal noun
• The + gerund + of
• Playing football is very interesting
• The playing of football is very interesting
Causative Verb
• Is performed on others
• I feed the birds.

• I got rakib to repair my car.
• Eat – feed; learn – teach; know – inform;
remember - remind
Clause/Phrase
Clause / Phrase How to trace it?

Noun Clause Ask the Verb -> What ?
Adjective Clause Ask the Noun -> Whom, Which?
Adverbial Clause Ask the verb -> When, Where, How, On what
Condition, Despite What?
Noun Clause -> Ask the verb What?
(Contains VERB)
No Sentences
1 What he said surprised me.
2 She doesn't know why he left.
3 His question is whether we should go or stay.
4 I am concerned about what she will think.
5 We discussed whether the project is feasible.
6 Her main goal is to find a new job
7 Where she lives is a beautiful place.
8 He couldn't understand why they were laughing
9 The question of whether we should invest remains unanswered.
10 I wonder who will be the next president.
Noun Phrase -> Ask the verb What/Who?
(No VERB, can contain verbal)
No Sentences
1 The red car was parked in the driveway.
2 She bought a new dress for the party.
3 The book on the shelf is my favorite.
4 The tall man with a beard is the new teacher.
5 An old oak tree stood in the middle of the field.
6 My little sister wants to play with you.
7 A cup of hot coffee can be so comforting.
8 The cat on the roof won't come down.
9 A box of chocolates was left on the table.
10 His loud laughter echoed through the room.
Adjective Clause -> Ask the Noun
Who/Whom/which? (Contains VERB)
No Sentences
1 The car that he bought is brand new.
2 I like the dress that you are wearing.
3 The book that is on the shelf is my favorite.
4 The teacher who just joined our school is very experienced.
5 The tree whose branches touch the ground needs trimming.
6 The cake, which my mom baked, is delicious.
7 She visited the city where she was born.
8 The movie that we watched last night was great.
9 The house, which has a red door, belongs to my friend.
10 The dog, that chased the cat, is friendly.
Adjective Phrase -> Ask the Noun
Who/Whom/which?(No VERB, may contain verbal)
No Sentences
1 The car with the shiny red paint caught my eye.
2 She wore a dress embroidered with intricate patterns.
3 The book filled with suspense and mystery was a bestseller.
4 The house with the blue shutters is charming.
5 The cake, made from scratch by my grandmother, was delicious.
6 The room decorated in a minimalist style looked spacious.
7 His speech, full of passion and enthusiasm, inspired the audience.
8 The movie, directed by a famous filmmaker, won many awards.
9 I love to eat pizza loaded with cheese and toppings.
10 The forest covered in a blanket of snow looked magical.
Adverb Clause: MPT3CR
No MPT3CR Adverbial It Answers to the Example
Clause of question
1 M Manner How She sang the song as if she were a professional
singer.
2 P Place Where They went to the park where they could enjoy the
sunshine.
3 T Time When He will call you when he finishes his work.
4 C Condition If what or What if? If it rains tomorrow, the picnic will be canceled.
5 C Concession Although what? Although he studied hard, he didn't perform well in
the exam.
6 C Consequence So what? He worked late; therefore, he completed the project
on time.
7 R Reason Why? She didn't attend the party because she was feeling
unwell.
Adverb Clause: Ask the verb -> When, Where, How,
On what Condition, Despite What?
No Sentences Explanation
1 Because she was tired, she Adverbial Clause of Cause/Reason: It answers the question
decided to take a nap. "Why?" and provides the reason for her decision.
2 Although it was raining, they went Adverbial Clause of Concession: It shows contrast or
for a walk. unexpectedness and indicates that despite the rain, they went
for a walk. Answers the question “Despite What?”
3 While I was studying, my phone Adverbial Clause of Time: It tells when or for how long
kept ringing. something happened.
4 Wherever he goes, he always Adverbial Clause of Place: It indicates the location or place
carries his guitar. where an action occurs. Answers the question “Where”
5 Since you asked nicely, I'll help Adverbial Clause of Condition: It presents a condition that must
you. be met for the main action to occur. Answers the question “On
What Condition”
Adverb Clause: Ask the verb -> When, Where,
How, On what Condition, Despite What?
No Sentences Explanation
6 They spoke so quietly that no one Adverbial Clause of Manner: It describes how an action is
could hear them. performed and often uses "as if" or "as though“, “so” to indicate
a manner. Answers the Question “How”
7 He studied hard; therefore, he Clause of Consequence: "therefore, he aced the exam"

aced the exam. It indicates the result or consequence of studying hard. Answers
“so what?”
Adverb Phrase (No Verb)
Examples
1. With great care, he handled the fragile vase.
2. She completed the assignment in a hurry.
3. He drove the car with caution.
4. She sang the song in a melodious manner.
5. The cat jumped off the table without any hesitation.
6. He arrived at the meeting just in time.
7. They hiked up the mountain in the pouring rain.
8. She answered the questions with a smile on her face.
9. He worked on the project throughout the night.
10.She looked at him with a sense of disbelief.
Modals
• A modal is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express:

• ability, (can)
• possibility, (might)
• permission or (can)
• Obligation(must, should)
• After modals, always use the base form of the verb
• Can do
• Might study
• Should help
Modals
List of Modals with Examples

Can: Used to express ability, possibility, or permission (e.g., I can swim).
Could: Past tense of "can," used for polite requests or to express past ability (e.g., Could you help me?).
Will: Used to express future actions (e.g., I will call you tomorrow).
Would: Past tense of "will," used for polite requests or to express willingness (e.g., Would you like some
coffee?).
Shall: Primarily used in British English for making offers or suggestions (e.g., Shall we go out?).
Should: Used to give advice, make recommendations, or express obligation (e.g., You should study for the test).
May: Used to express possibility or ask for permission (e.g., May I borrow your pen?).
Might: Used to express a smaller possibility or past possibility (e.g., It might rain later).
Must: Used to express strong obligation or necessity (e.g., You must complete the assignment).
Ought to: Used to give advice or express duty (e.g., You ought to eat your vegetables).
Need to: Used to express necessity or obligation (e.g., I need to finish this report).
Have to: Used to express obligation or responsibility (e.g., I have to attend the meeting).
Used to: Used to describe past habits or situations that no longer exist (e.g., I used to play the piano).
Dare to: Used to express courage or challenge (e.g., I dare to face my fears).
Needn't: Used to indicate that something is not necessary (e.g., You needn't worry).
Phrasal Verbs
100 important phrasal verb pdf
Right Form of Verb
• 3rd Person & singular number

• If your subject is 3rd Person & and a singular number and the verb is
in Simple Present Tense, then. Also, It is not applicable for other
Tense.
• Add ‘s’/’es’ to the verb to make it plural.
• Example:
• He drinks coffee.
• She eats rice.
Right Form of Verb
• Universal Truths
• In the case of Universal truth & habitual fact:
• The sentence is in Simple Present Tense.
• Example:
• The sun gives us light.
• Humans are mortals
Right Form of Verb
• Present Continuous
• If the work is continuing at present:

• The verb is in the present continuous. Indicative words: now, at
present, at this moment, etc.
• Example:
• She is singing now.
• He is reading.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘just’, ‘just now..’, etc
• If a sentence contains just, just now, already, yet, ever, lately,

recently, etc., then:
• The verb will be in the present perfect tense.

• Example:
• He has just left the house
• I have already done this research
Right Form of Verb
• Past time
• If a sentence contains words indicating past time, such as yesterday,

ago, long since, etc., then:
• The verb will be in the past form.

• Example:
• I went to my village home last week.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘No sooner had…than’
• If a sentence contains “No sooner had …. than”, “scarcely had when”,

“hardly had before”, etc., then:
• The first verb will be in the past participle form and the second verb
will be in the past form.
• Example:
• No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.
• Hardly had I reached the stop when they came.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘No sooner had…than’
• If a sentence contains “No sooner had …. than”, “scarcely had when”,

“hardly had before”, etc., then:
• The first verb will be in the past participle form and the second verb
will be in the past form.
• Example:
• No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.
• Hardly had I reached the stop when they came.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘since’
• If the first part of ‘since’ is in present indefinite or present perfect
tense then the next part will be past indefinite.
• Example: It has been many years since I came to Paris.
• If the first part of ‘since’ is in past indefinite tense then the next part
becomes past perfect.
• Example:
• It was many years since they had first met.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘nor, or, either..’
• When nouns or pronouns are joined by ‘or, nor, either…or, neither…

nor’:
• The verb form usually agrees with the noun that is closest to the
verb.
• Example: Neither the President nor the two houses
are governing now.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘after’
• If the first part of ‘after’ is in past indefinite tense, then the next part
will be past perfect.
• Example:
• The teacher started the class after Raju had come.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘after’
• If the first part of ‘after’ is in past indefinite tense, then the next part
will be past perfect.
• Example:
• The teacher started the class after Raju had come.
Right Form of Verb
• while’
• If the verb
• comes after ‘while’, then the verb will take ‘ing’ with it.
• if comes after ‘while + subject’, then the verb will be in the past
continuous tense.
• Example:
• While going to school, I saw a snake.
Right Form of Verb
• while’
• If the verb
• comes after ‘while’, then the verb will take ‘ing’ with it.
• if comes after ‘while + subject’, then the verb will be in the past
continuous tense.
• Example:
• While going to school, I saw a snake.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘to be’ and ‘having’
• The main verb after ‘to be’ and ‘having’ takes past participle form.
• Example:
• He ran away having taken the money.
Right Form of Verb
• Future indicative words
• For future indicative words like ‘by this time, by morning, by Sunday’,
etc., then:
• The verb will be in the future perfect tense.

• Example:
• They will have reached by this time.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘tomorrow’, ‘next year’, etc
• If a sentence contains tomorrow, next year, coming month,

etc., then:
• the verb will be in the future indefinite tense.
• Example:
• I will leave for Kolkata tomorrow.
Right Form of Verb
• two verbs
• If a simple sentence contains two verbs, then:

• The 2nd verb will take ‘ing’ or ‘to’ before it or will take the past
participle form.
• Example:
• I saw him running
Right Form of Verb
• ‘had rather’, ‘had better’, etc.
• If a sentence contains ‘had rather’, ‘had better’, ‘would better’, ‘let’,

‘would rather’, ‘dare’, ‘must need’, etc, then:
• The verb is in the present form.
• If there is ‘to’ before that verb, the ‘to’ will be omitted.
• Example:
• You had better go to the class.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘it is time’
• The verb after it is high time, it is time, wish, fancy, etc. will be in the
past form.
• Example:
• It is high time we did the work.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘though’, ‘as if’, etc.
• After as though, as if, wish, etc., the ‘to be verb’ transforms into
‘were’.
• Example:
• I wish I were a butterfly.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘as though/as if’
• If the first part of ‘as though/as if’ is present indefinite, then the next
part will be past indefinite.
• If the first part is past indefinite, the next part will be past perfect.
• Example:
• He speaks as though he knew everything.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘am’, ‘is’, ‘are’, etc.
• The verb after

• am, is, are, was, were, takes ‘ing’ inactive form,
• But it will be in the past participle in passive form.
• Example:
• He is doing the work
Right Form of Verb
• Causative Verb
• If have, has, had, got, etc. work as a causative verb in a

sentence, then:
• The verb after them will be a past participle.
• Example:
• I got the work done.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘get used to’, ‘without’, etc.
• After phrases such as get used to, without, cannot help, past, could
not help, with a view toward, look forward to, would you mind, etc.,
the:
• Given verb takes ‘ing’ form

• Example: I went to Chittagong with a view to attend the wedding.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘There’
• Sentences starting with ‘there’

• If there is a singular number, the verb will be singular
• If there is a plural number, the verb will be plural
• Example: There is a high school in our town, and there are 2 high
schools in our town.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘lest’
• With ‘lest’ in the sentence:
• ‘might/should’ follows the subject.
• Example: He worked hard lest he might miss the deadline.

Right Form of Verb
• ‘while’
• After ‘While’
• The verb takes ‘ing’
• But if there is a subject, the sentence is past continuous tense.
• Example: While walking at the station, I met him.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘would that’
• For sentences starting with ‘would that’, there comes a ‘could’ after
the subject and the verb is in present form.
• Example: Would that I could see a lion.
Right Form of Verb
• A verb must agree with its subject, regardless of the verb coming
after or before the subject.
• Example: At the end of the road is the secretary’s Office.
Right Form of Verb
• Multiple subjects
• If multiple subjects are joined with ‘and’, then:

• The verb takes the plural form.
• Example: She and Mahir are friends.
Right Form of Verb
• ‘every, ‘each’ and ‘one’
• After ‘every’, ‘each’, ‘one’ :

• The verb is in the singular form.
• Example: one of the managers is ill today
Right Form of Verb
• Singular in meaning but plural in a form
• Subjects that are singular in meaning but plural in a form such as

poetry news, politics, information, economics, scenery, advice,
furniture, wages, etc., have singular verbs.
• Example: The news is spreading fast.
Right Form of Verb
• Interrogative sentences
• If interrogative sentences start with who, which, what, where, etc.,
then:
• There comes an auxiliary verb according to tense and person.
• Example: Where do you live?
Right Form of Verb
• Uncountable nouns
• In the case of uncountable nouns such as oxygen, water, air, etc., the
verb takes a singular form.
• Example: Milk is white.
English Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Synonym Analogy
Antonym** Odd man out
Meaning Idioms & pharase
One Word Substitution
Spelling
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• A. Parts of Speech: • C. Clauses: • The Active Voice

• Adjectives are always attached to a noun

• The lecture is boring

• Ask the question

Noun can be used As.. Gerund/Participle

Noun can be used As.. Gerund/Participle

He’s tired of sleeping

I am tired of his sleeping

The man standing there is Bill Gates

That man who is standing by the door is my uncle.

You can take rest when you have finished working.

Talking a lot in class, Rahul got punished.

Talking a lot in class is a wrong thing.

• I feed the birds.

Clause / Phrase How to trace it?

7 He studied hard; therefore, he Clause of Consequence: "therefore, he aced the exam"

• A modal is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express:

List of Modals with Examples

• 3rd Person & singular number

• If the work is continuing at present:

• ‘just’, ‘just now..’, etc

• If a sentence contains just, just now, already, yet, ever, lately,

• The verb will be in the present perfect tense.

• If a sentence contains words indicating past time, such as yesterday,

• The verb will be in the past form.

• ‘No sooner had…than’

• If a sentence contains “No sooner had …. than”, “scarcely had when”,

• ‘No sooner had…than’

• If a sentence contains “No sooner had …. than”, “scarcely had when”,

• ‘nor, or, either..’

• When nouns or pronouns are joined by ‘or, nor, either…or, neither…

• ‘to be’ and ‘having’

• Future indicative words

• The verb will be in the future perfect tense.

• ‘tomorrow’, ‘next year’, etc

• If a sentence contains tomorrow, next year, coming month,

• If a simple sentence contains two verbs, then:

• ‘had rather’, ‘had better’, etc.

• If a sentence contains ‘had rather’, ‘had better’, ‘would better’, ‘let’,

• ‘though’, ‘as if’, etc.

• ‘as though/as if’

• ‘am’, ‘is’, ‘are’, etc.

• The verb after

• If have, has, had, got, etc. work as a causative verb in a

• ‘get used to’, ‘without’, etc.

• Given verb takes ‘ing’ form

• Sentences starting with ‘there’

• ‘might/should’ follows the subject.

• Example: He worked hard lest he might miss the deadline.

• If multiple subjects are joined with ‘and’, then:

• ‘every, ‘each’ and ‘one’

• After ‘every’, ‘each’, ‘one’ :

• Singular in meaning but plural in a form

• Subjects that are singular in meaning but plural in a form such as

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