GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, KHAMGAON

A MICROPROJECT REPORT
ON

"A Digital Clock Using 89c51"

Of the course

Embedded System
By

Shubham Rameshwar Tayade- 2100210395

Aniket Ashok Nirmal - 2100210384
Abhay Narendra Mahajan-2100210375
Kartik Kishor Gawande- 2100210221

Under the guidance of

Prof. Nitin R. Soni sir

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award in

Diploma of Engineering(Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Department Of Electronics and Communication Engineering

[2023-2024]
 Certificate

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

This is to certify that the project report entitled "A Digital Clock Using 89c51", Submitted
by –
Shubham Rameshwar Tayade- 2100210395
Aniket Ashok Nirmal – 2100210384
Abhay Narendra Mahajan-2100210375
Kartik Kishor Gawande- 2100210221
is the bonafide work completed under my supervision and guidance in partial fulfilment for the
award of diploma of Engineering (Electronics and Communication Engineering) of
Government Polytechnic, Khamgaon (M.S.).

Place: Khamgaon
Date:

Prof. Nitin R. Soni sir Prof. Nitin R. Soni sir

Guide Head of Department
Dept.of Electronics and Comm Engg. Dept. of Electronics and Comm Engg.

Dr. S S Prabhune
Principal
Government Polytechnic, Khamgaon
Khamgaon(M.S.) - 444303
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my highest gratitude to Dr. S S Prabhune Sir (Principal) for his
guidance and giving me enough strength to perform my responsibility in order to complete this
coursework and this microproject report within the given time.

Besides, this project makes me realized that the value of working together as a team and as a
new experience in environment. Not forget, great appreciation to department staff that helps me
from time to time. The project really brought us together to appreciate the true value of
friendship and respect of each other.

A special thanks also goes to Prof. Nitin R. Soni and the staff ,as they are really supportive and
encourage us to do our very best. A lot of support by the staff and supervisor . The support
given, really help us to stay positive and more enthusiastic to do our best.

Thank you to all of my friend and all of who have involved as direct or indirect contribution
and sincerity in helping me completing this report.

Thank you.

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 Index

Sr.no Content Page no.

1. 05-07
INTRODUCTION

2. 08-10
SYSTEM MODELING

3. 11-14
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
4. 15
RESULT and CONCLUSION
5. REFERENCE 15

4
 INTRODUCTION

In the realm of embedded systems, innovation and functionality come together to bring us
applications that simplify our lives and enhance our daily experiences. One such remarkable
example of this synergy is the creation of a digital clock using an 8051 microcontroller. In this
microproject, we leverage the power of the 8051 microcontroller alongside embedded C
programming to construct a sophisticated digital timekeeping system.

Our digital clock project is centered around the core concept of accurate timekeeping and user
interaction, all displayed elegantly on a 16x2 LCD screen. The 8051 microcontroller serves as
the brain of the system, executing a meticulously crafted embedded C program. This program
ensures that the hours, minutes, and seconds are continuously updated and visually represented
on the LCD display.

To enhance user control and convenience, we’ve integrated a 4x4 matrix keyboard into the
system. This allows users to interact with the clock, setting the current time effortlessly. By
pressing key ‘1’ on the matrix keyboard, the hours can be incremented, and by using key ‘2’, the
minutes can be adjusted to reflect the accurate time on the LCD display.

In essence, our microproject not only showcases the prowess of the 8051 microcontroller and
embedded C programming but also demonstrates how embedded systems can seamlessly blend
technology and user-friendly interfaces to create a valuable and practical solution. This digital
clock project serves as a testament to the capabilities of embedded systems in enhancing our
daily lives with innovation and precision.

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AT89C51 IC –

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with

4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory . The device is
manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is
compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pinout.

16*2 LCD DISPLAY-

The 8×8 LED matrix module is a very useful and low-cost way to add display in your
electronic circuits. It has 16 pins to achieve a different combination to ON/OFF the LEDs. Dot
Matrix LED 8×8 is an array of LEDs that you can display particular numbers, letters, and shapes
on it. Dot matrixes are indicated by the number of rows and columns. The most popular type of
Dot Matrix is its 8×8 type, which provides 64 LEDs in 8 rows and 8 columns.To control the Dot
Matrix 8×8 simply, you should connect each row and each column to a digital pin, which means
you need 16 digital pins

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We connect both its rows and columns to your microcontroller. The columns are connected to
the LEDs cathodes so a column needs to be LOW for any of the LEDs in that column to turn
on. The rows are connected to the LEDs anodes, so the row needs to be HIGH for an individual
LED to turn on. If the row and the column are both high or both low, no voltage flows through
the LED and it doesn't turn on.

To control an individual LED, you set its column LOW and its row HIGH. To control multiple
LEDs in a row, you set the row HIGH, then take the column high, then set the columns LOW
or HIGH as appropriate; a LOW column will turn the corresponding LED ON, and a HIGH
column will turn it off.

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 SYSTEM MODELING

Interfacing of 8*8 dot matrix with AT89C51-

We use ‘ PROTEUS 8 PROFFESSIONAL’ to interface 8*8 dot matrix with

microcontroller. We use ULN2008 IC and resistors .

8
Working Principle-

First of all we build the crystal and reset circuit to microcontroller , connect P2 of
microcontroller to 8 inputs of ULN2003 Ic , and through ULN2803 IC we connected rows of 8*8
dot matrix display. Connect column to the microcontroller PORT P2. Then by using programing
sends data to first column and at same time sends data to row and then after some milli-seconds
change the column and send data to row again. And do this till last column and then repeat it
again and again around speed of greater than 20 frame per second. To build one character on the
display by scanning the columns very fast, and let say each 20 times (20 frames) scroll it one
position to the left, this will give the effect of a walking text across the dot-matrix display. So
first build one frame, repeat this 20 times, and after that, read the data one address later, if you do
this 5 times (5 columns) the character scroll from right to left from the display.

Advantages-
1. It is very versatile.
2. Low power consumption
3. Long lifespan.
4. Ability to display both text and graphics.

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Disadvantages-
1. It has a lower resolution compared to other types of displays.
2. It doesn’t support greater than 5v supply as per this model.

Application-

1. Digital watches and clocks.

2. Railway departure indicators.
3. Electronic billboards.
4. Medical industry.
5. Patient monitors.

Resources Required-

Sr. No. Component Specifications Quantity

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 1. IC AT89C51,ULN2003 1 each

2. Crystal 11.0592 MHz 1

3. Capacitors 33pf, 10uf 2

4. Resistors 8.2kΩ,10kΩ,100Ω 18

5. Dot Matrix 8*8 1

6. Zero PCB 1

7. IC base 40pins,16 pins 2

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Hardware Photograph-

11
Algorithm-

1. Start
2. Defined array of rows and column
3. Defined 4 unsigned char
4. Definition of delay
5. Initializing i and j is equal to 0
6. Taking for loop as delay for next alphabet text.
7. Taking for loop for incrementation of column value.
8. Sending column data to P1 and rows data to P2.
9. adding delay of 1ms.
10. Incrementing j value with 1.
11. Delay function.

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C Language Program-

#include<reg51.h>
unsigned char clm[8]={0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x10, 0x08, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01};
unsigned char row[24]={ 0x00, 0x7e, 0x42, 0x42, 0x4a, 0x4a,0x4e,0x00,
0x00, 0x7e, 0x48, 0x48, 0x48, 0x48,0x78,0x00,
0x00, 0x7e, 0x10, 0x28, 0x04, 0x42,0x00,0x00};
void delay(unsigned int);
unsigned char i,j,l,m;
void main(void)
{
i=0;
j=0;
while(1)

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{
for(m=0;m<15;m++)
{
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
P1=clm[i];
P2=row[j];
delay(1);
j++;
if(j==24)
j=0;
}
j=l;
if(l==24)
l=0;
}
l++;
j=l;
}
void delay(unsigned int k)
{
unsigned int a,b;
for(a=0;a<k;a++)
{
for(b =0;b<1275;b++);
}
}

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 RESULT and CONCLUSION

Result-

As we done the program of scrolling display for ‘ GPK’ using AT89C51 and 8*8 dot matrix.
We can display anything i.e. text, symbol, pattern, etc. as per the program.

Conclusion-

DOT MATRIX displays are a versatile and reliable display technology, with a multiple
of applications across various industries. Their simplicity in design and operation makes them a

15
popular choice for many electronic devices. While they have some limitations, ongoing
technological advancements continue to improve their capabilities, resolution, and overall
performance. The future of dot-matrix displays promises exciting developments as they become
increasingly integrated into new technological applications, from wearable devices to smart
home systems. The dot-matrix display play an important role in digital world.

Reference-

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-matrix_display
 ‘The 8051 microcontroller and embedded system’ by Mazidi,Mohmad
Ali;Janice,Gelispe and Mckinlay ,Roline D.

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