LECTURE NOTES Submitted by: Jamon, Melecinth E.

UNIT Definitions, Goals, and Scope of Special

1 and Inclusive Education
B. Inclusive Education in other countries
1. IDEA-US
Learning Objectives:
K- Identify the different categories of disabilities recognized under IDEA.

S- Apply the knowledge of IDEA to create Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)

tailored to the unique needs of students with disabilities.

A- Foster a commitment to social justice and advocacy by advocating for students with
disabilities to have equal access to education and opportunities for students with
disabilities.

Inclusive Education
US law does not address inclusive education. However, the National Centre for
Education Restructuring and Inclusion developed a definition of inclusion in
education in 1995. No Child Left Behind ( NCLB ) does not specifically mention
inclusion, it mandates that US schools must be held accountable for education
outcomes for all students, including those within any category of disability.

Special Education
According to the US Department of Education, the Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act (IDEA) is a law that makes available Free Appropriate Public
Education (FAPE) to eligible children with Disabilities throughout the nation. With
the passage of the IDEA, children with disabilities were entitled to special education.

What is IDEA-US?
Individuals with Disabilities Education ACT
a law that makes available a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) to
eligible children with disabilities

IDEA-US outlines several key practices to ensure provision of special education and
related services to children with disabilities. some of the practices of idea include:
Child Find Related Services
Individualized Education Program (IEP) Procedural Safeguards
Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) Transition Services
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
 Child Find- includes conducting screenings, evaluations, and assessments to determine
eligibility for services
Individualized Education Program- For example, a child with autism might have an
IEP that includes speech therapy and social skills training
Free Appropriate Education- For example, A school district might provide a student
with a learning disability with specialized instruction to help them keep up with the
curriculum.
LRE- For example, provides aids and services that allow to participate in a regular
classroom setting
Related Services- includes speech therapy, physical therapy, counseling, and more
Procedural Safeguards- right to participate in the development of child’s IEP, right to
receive prior written notice of any proposed changes to the child’s educational
placement or services
Transition services- helps students with disabilities prepare for life after high school

Purpose of IDEA-US
strives to grant equal access to public education for all children, regardless of
disability, thus promoting inclusivity.
intended to protect the rights of students with disabilities by ensuring that everyone
receives FAPE
to assist states in the implementation of a statewide, comprehensive, coordinated,
multidisciplinary, interagency system of early intervention services for infants and
toddlers with disabilities and their families.
provides guidelines to school abouts about how to implement special education
practices , such as Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), for students who qualify
for services
Early Identification, screening and assessment
IDEA regulates learners’ needs identification and assessment. From birth through age 2,
receive early intervention services under IDEA Part C. Children and youth aged 3 through
21 receive special education and related services under IDEA Part B. Children are
monitored every three years through a triennial evaluation.
REFERENCES:
Garcia,K.(n.d.).1.IDEA-US.Scribd.https://www.scribd.com/document/707751137/1-
IDEA-US
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. (2023b, August 23). The U.S. Department of
Education - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Individuals With Disabilities
Education Act. https://sites.ed.gov/idea/about-us-department-of-education/

United States of America | INCLUSION | Education Profiles. (n.d.-b). https://education-

profiles.org/europe-and-northern-america/united-states-of-america/~inclusion