VEHICLE VIBRATION

MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 3
ROAD MAPS

1. Basic vibration measurements

2. Quoting vibration levels
3. Vibration isolation
4. The vibration absorber
 1. BASIC VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS

Vibration measurement

Hand
Transducer
sensing

Displacement Velocity Acceleration

Piezoelectric Piezoresistive Capacitive

Accelerometer Accelerometer Accelerometer
1. BASIC VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS

1.1 Hand sensing

 Humans are sensitive to vibrations because of built-in sensors in their
body.
 Humans can directly detect vehicle noise, loudness and vibration
smoothness by listening and feeling
 Human judgment of vibration severity can be quantified by the level of
acceleration:
 0.001–0.01 g is the threshold of perception.
 0.1 g is considered unpleasant.
 0.5 g is considered intolerable by most subjects
1. BASIC VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS

1.1 Hand sensing

 To perform any significant vibration analysis, the important parameters
to measure are frequency and amplitude.
 Using the hands, ears and a stroboscope/tachometer are some
methods for frequency and amplitude determining.
1. BASIC VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS

1.2 Using transducer

 A transducer is a device for converting the
mechanical motion of vibration into an
electrical signal.
 There are generally three types of vibration
transducers: displacement, velocity and
acceleration.
 The most common type of displacement
transducer is the proximity probe operating
on the eddy current principle
1. BASIC VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS

1.2 Using transducer

 The velocity transducer consists of an
internal mass (in the form of a permanent
magnet) suspended on springs, surrounded
by damping fluid, and a coil of wire.
 By far the most popular vibration sensor
type is an accelerometer
 The piezoelectric accelerometer consists of
quartz crystal with a mass bolted on top
2. QUOTING VIBRATION LEVELS

 Acceleration levels

 Velocity levels (dB)

 Based on ISO and TCVN standard, the

weighted acceleration of human body is:
2. QUOTING VIBRATION LEVELS

 The vibration dose value (VDV (m/s1.75)

is defined as:

 If the VDV is repeated n times during a

period, the total VDV period is then

The acceleration of the human body can be written as a

weighted acceleration sum:
2. QUOTING VIBRATION LEVELS

 If a human is exposed to three different vibration

environments, the dose is defined as:

where ti is elapsed time and τi is allowed time.

where a0 = 4.85m/s2 and energy equivalent acceleration is

defined as:
3. VIBRATION ISOLATION

 Consider the situation when the

support to a single-degree-of-freedom
system has a motion applied to it

The equation of motion for free vibration becomes :

 
m x  k  x  y   c  x  y 
 
Declaring that : z  x  y
then :

m y  m z  c z  kz
3. VIBRATION ISOLATION

If it is a harmonic excitation :
y  Y cos t
Now we can assume that :
z  a cos t  b sin t
Then :
m 2Y  k  m 2 
a
 k  m 
2 2
 c 2 2
mc 3Y
b
 k  m 
2 2
 c 2 2
3. VIBRATION ISOLATION
Now
x  z  y  Y  a  cos t  b sin t
or
x  X cos t   
where
mc 3
tan  
k  k  m 
2 2
 c 2 2

X k 2  c 2 2

Y  k  m  2
 
 c 2 2
3. VIBRATION ISOLATION
Dividing the numerator and denominator by k 2 ,
m 1 c 1
where  2 and  2
k n k n
2
 
1   2 
X   n 
 2
     
2
Y 2

1  2     2 
 n    n  
3
2 3
n
tan  
 2  2 
2

1  2   4
  n   n
2
3. VIBRATION ISOLATION

The response of a single-degree-of-freedom system when forced at its support

3. VIBRATION ISOLATION
When damping is negligible :   0
X 1

Y 2
1 2
n
At the static status of this vibrating system :
m X 0
k X 0  mg  
k g
1 X 0
Then 
n2
g
X 1
Therefore 
Y X 0 2
1
g
4. THE VIBRATION ABSORBER

 Engineers can modify a vibrating system

during the design of a vehicle
with the use of mass or dynamic dampers.
 A mass damper is an extra weight attached
to a resonance system to lower its natural
frequency.
 A dynamic damper consists of springs
(rubber) and a plumb weight that are fitted
to a resonance system. The vibration level
and sound pressure level are reduced as a
result
4. THE VIBRATION ABSORBER

 By tuning the two-degrees-of-freedom system to

the frequency of the exciting force, the system acts
as a vibration absorber, and in the ideal case
reduces the motion of the main mass m1 to zero.

m2 x2  k2  x2  x1 

m1 x1  k2  x2  x1   k1 x1  F0 sin t
 Natural frequencies of two separate vibrating
systems (m1, k1) and (m2, k2):
k1 k2
11  and 22 
m1 m2
4. THE VIBRATION ABSORBER
 Two natural frequencies of the system

 The amplitude of
each mass displacement:
END OF CHAPTER 3
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