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ABB - Wikipedia
ABB - Wikipedia
ABB
ABB Ltd. is a Swedish–Swiss multinational corporation
ABB Ltd.
headquartered in Västerås, Sweden, and Zürich,
Switzerland.[5] It is traded on the SIX Swiss Exchange in
Zürich, the Nasdaq Nordic exchange in Sweden and the OTC
Markets Group's pink sheets in the United States.[6] It was
ranked 340th in the Fortune Global 500 list of 2020 and has
Company Public
been a global Fortune 500 company for 24 years.[7]
type (Aktiengesellschaft)
ABB was formed in 1988 when Sweden's Allmänna Svenska Traded as SIX: ABBN (https://ww
Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA) and Switzerland's Brown, w.six-group.com/en/pr
Boveri & Cie merged to create Asea Brown Boveri, later oducts-services/the-s
simplified to the initials ABB. Both companies were wiss-stock-exchange/
established in the late 1800s and grew into major electrical market-data/news-tool
s/product-search.htm
equipment manufacturers, a business in which ABB remains
l?security=ABBN)
active. Its traditional core activities include power
Nasdaq
generation, transmission and distribution; industrial
Stockholm: ABB (http
automation, and robotics. Between 1989 and 1999, the s://www.nasdaqomxn
company was also active in the rolling stock manufacturing ordic.com/shares/micr
sector. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, ABB acquired osite?Instrument=SS
hundreds of other companies, often in central and eastern E3966)
Europe, as well as in Asia and North America. OTC Pink: ABBNY (ht
tps://www.otcmarkets.
On occasion, the company's operations have encountered com/stock/ABBNY/qu
controversy. During 2001, an ABB entity plead guilty for bid ote)
rigging; the firm has also had three US Foreign Corrupt SMI component
Practices Act bribing resolutions against it; in 2004, 2010, OMX Stockholm 30
and 2022.[8] In early 2002, ABB announced its first-ever component
annual loss, which was attributed to asbestos-related ISIN CH0012221716
litigation. Within three years, the company had successfully
Industry Electrical equipment
restructured its operations. During the 2010s, ABB has
largely focused its growth strategy on the robotics and Predecessors Allmänna Svenska
industrial automation sectors. Prior to the sale of its Power Elektriska
Aktiebolaget (Asea)
Grids division to Hitachi in 2020, ABB was Switzerland's
Brown, Boveri & Cie
largest industrial employer.[9]
Founded 1988
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1990s
During 1990, ABB bought the robotics business of Cincinnati
Milacron in the US. The acquisition expanded ABB's presence
in automated spot-welding and positioned the company to
better serve the American automotive industry. ABB's 1991
introduction of the IRB 6000 robot, demonstrated its increased
capacity in this field. The first modular robot, the IRB 6000, Countries where ABB is present
can be reconfigured to perform a variety of specific tasks. At
the time of its launch, the IRB 6000 was the fastest and most
accurate spot-welding robot on the market.
In the early 1990s, ABB started expanding in Central and Eastern Europe. By the end of 1991, the
company employed 10,000 people in the region. The following year, that number doubled. A
similar pattern played out in Asia, where economic reforms in China and the lifting of some
economic sanctions, helped open the region to a new wave of outside investment and industrial
growth. By 1994, ABB had 30,000 employees and 100 plants, engineering, service and marketing
centers across Asia; numbers that would continue to grow. Through the 1990s, ABB continued its
strategy of targeted expansion in Eastern Europe, the Asia–Pacific region and the Americas.
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During 1995, ABB agreed to merge its rail engineering unit with that of Daimler-Benz of Germany;
the goal of this arrangement was to create the world's largest maker of locomotives and railway
cars. The new company, ABB Daimler-Benz Transportation (Adtranz), had an initial global market
share of nearly 12 percent.[16][17] The merge took effect on 1 January 1996.[18]
A few months following the start of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, ABB announced plans to
accelerate its expansion in Asia as well as to improve the productivity and profitability of its
Western operations. The firm took an $850 million restructuring charge and shed 10,000 jobs as
the firm shifted more resources towards emerging markets and scaled back some of its facilities in
higher-cost countries.[19][20]
In June 1998, ABB announced that it would acquire Sweden-based Alfa Laval's automation unit,
which at the time was one of Europe's top suppliers of process control systems and automation
equipment.[21]
During 1999, as a final step in the integration of the companies formerly known as ASEA and BBC,
the directors unanimously approved a plan to create a unified, single class of shares in the group.
That same year, ABB completed its purchase of Elsag Bailey Process Automation, a Netherlands-
based maker of industrial control systems, in exchange for $2.1 billion.[22] The acquisition
increased ABB's presence in the high-tech industrial robotics and factory control system sectors,
which reducing its reliance on traditional heavy engineering sectors such as power generation and
transmission.
In 1999, the company sold its stake in the Adtranz train-building business to DaimlerChrysler.
Instead of building complete locomotives, ABB's transportation activities shifted increasingly
toward traction motors and electric components.[23] That same year, ABB and France-based
Alstom, announced the merger of their power generation businesses in a 50-50 joint company,
ABB Alstom Power. Separately, in December 1999, ABB agreed to sell its nuclear power business to
British Nuclear Fuels of the United Kingdom.[24]
2000s
During 2000, ABB divested its interests in ABB Alstom Power and sold its boiler and fossil-fuel
operations (including Gas turbines) to Alstom.[25] Thereafter, ABB's power business was focused
on renewable energy and transmission and distribution.
In early 2002, ABB announced its first-ever annual loss, a $691 million net loss for 2001.[26] The
loss was caused by ABB's decision to nearly double its provisions for settlement costs in asbestos-
related litigation against its American subsidiary Combustion Engineering from $470 million to
$940 million; these claims were linked to asbestos products sold by Combustion Engineering prior
to its acquisition by ABB.[27][28] At the same time, ABB's board announced it would seek the return
of money "paid in excess of obligations to Goran Lindahl and to Percy Barnevik," two former chief
executive officers of the group. Barnevik received some $89 million in pension benefits when he
left ABB in 2001; Lindahl, who succeeded Barnevik as CEO, had received $50 million in pension
benefits.[29][30]
In 2004, ABB sold its upstream oil and gas business, ABB Vetco Gray, to a consortium of private
equity investors for an initial sum of $925 million; despite the sale, ABB continued to play an
active role in the oil and gas industry via its core automation and power technology
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businesses.[31][32]
During 2005, ABB delisted its shares from the London Stock Exchange and Frankfurt Stock
Exchange.[33][34] During the following year, the company ended its financial uncertainties via the
finalization of a $1.43 billion plan to settle asbestos liabilities against its US subsidiaries,
Combustion Engineering and ABB Lummus Global, Inc.[35] A three-part capital strengthening plan
also aided in ABB's recovery.[36]
In August 2007, ABB Lummus Global, ABB's downstream oil and gas business, was sold to CB&I
in exchange for $950 million. The sale led to ABB making an accelerated $204 million payment to
the CE Asbestos PI Trust, a trust fund covering the asbestos liabilities of Combustion
Engineering.[35][37]
During 2008, ABB agreed to acquire Kuhlman Electric Corporation, a US-based maker of
transformers for the industrial and electric utility sectors.[38] In November 2008, ABB acquired
Ber-Mac Electrical and Instrumentation to expand its presence in Western Canada's oil and gas
industries.[39]
2010s
In September 2010, the company bought K-TEK, a manufacturer of level measurement
instruments, for $50 million; it was incorporated into ABB's Measurement Products business unit
within ABB's Process Automation division.[40]
During July 2010, ABB in Cary, North Carolina received a $4.2 million grant from the US federal
government to develop energy storing magnets.[41]
On 10 January 2011, ABB invested $10 million in ECOtality, a San Francisco-based developed of
charging stations and power storage technologies, to enter North America's electric vehicle
charging market.[42] On 1 July of that year, the company announced its acquisition of Epyon B.V.
of the Netherlands, an early leader in the European EV-charging infrastructure and maintenance
markets.[43]
During early 2011, ABB acquired Baldor Electric in exchange for $4.2 billion in an all-cash
transaction; this move aligned with ABB's strategy to increase its market share in the North
American industrial motors business.[44] On 30 January 2012, the company announced the
acquisition of Thomas & Betts, a North American specialist in low voltage products for industrial,
construction and utility applications, in a $3.9 billion cash transaction.[45] On 15 June 2012, ABB
completed its acquisition of commercial and industrial wireless technology specialists Tropos.[46]
In July 2013, ABB acquired Power-One in a $1 billion all-cash transaction, to become the leading
global manufacturer of solar inverters.[47] That same year, Fastned selected ABB to supply more
than 200 Terra fast-charging stations along highways in the Netherlands.[48]
In 2016, ABB was awarded a contract on the TANAP gas pipeline project in Turkey to deliver the
telecommunications, security and control infrastructure to contribute to safe, secure, and reliable
operation of the pipeline throughout its lifetime.[49] The TANAP pipeline is the largest diameter
and with 1,850 km length, the longest pipeline ever built in Turkey, crossing 20 districts and will
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bring Azerbaijan's natural gas through Georgia, Turkey and Greece into the rest of Europe. The $11
billion TANAP pipeline will interconnect with the South Caucasus Pipeline (SCP) at Turkey's
border with Georgia and the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) at its border with Greece.
On 6 July 2017, ABB announced it had completed its acquisition of Bernecker + Rainer Industrie-
Elektronik (B&R), the largest independent provider of product and software-based open-
architecture for industrial automation.[50]
During January 2018, ABB became the title partner of the ABB
FIA Formula E Championship, the world's first fully electric
international FIA motorsport series.[51] On 30 June 2018, the
company completed its acquisition of GE Industrial Solutions,
General Electric's global electrification business.[52]
2020s
In March 2020, ABB announced that it had agreed to sell its solar inverter business to Italian solar
inverter manufacturer Fimer; the transaction includes all of ABB's manufacturing and R&D sites in
Finland, Italy and India, along with 800 employees across 26 countries.[55][56]
During mid-2021, ABB announced its involvement in the construction of the first permanent
electric road that powers private vehicles and commercial vehicles such as trucks and buses.[57][58]
During December 2022, ABB opened a new 67,000 square metre robotics factory in Shanghai
following a $150 million investment.[59][60]
In June 2023, ABB agreed to acquire smart home automation provider Eve Systems.[61]
In September 2023, ABB announced it would partner with the Well Done Foundation to monitor
methane and greenhouse gas emissions from orphaned wells in the United States.[62][63]
In January 2024, ABB acquired Real Tech, a prominent Canadian company specializing in
innovative optical sensor technology for real-time water monitoring and testing.[64] It also
acquired R&D Engineering Firm Meshmind to Expand AI and Software Capabilities[65]
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In 1998, ABB launched the FlexPicker, a robot using a three-armed delta design uniquely suited to
the picking and packing industry.[68]
In 2000, ABB brought to market the world's first commercial high-voltage shore-to-ship electric
power, at the Swedish port of Gothenburg. Supplying electricity to berthed ships from the shore
enables vessels to shut down their engines while in port, significantly reducing noise, vibrations
and carbon emissions.[69]
In 2004, ABB launched its Extended Automation System 800xA, an industrial system for the
process industries.[70] Today, the company is the global market leader in distributed control
systems.
In 2018, ABB unveiled the Terra High Power charger for electric vehicles, capable of delivering
enough to charge in eight minutes to enable an electric car to travel 200 kilometers.[76]
Electrification
ABB's Electrification business area offers products and services from substation to socket.
Customers include a wide range of industry and utility operations, plus commercial and residential
buildings. The business has strong exposure to a range of rapidly growing segments, including
renewables, e-mobility, data centers and smart buildings.
Its offerings include electric vehicle chargers, solar inverters, modular substations, distribution
automation; products to protect people, installations and electronic equipment from overcurrents
such as enclosures, cable systems and low-voltage circuit breakers; measuring and sensing devices,
control products, switches and wiring accessories.
The business also offers KNX systems that integrate and automate a building's electrical
installations, ventilation systems, and security and data communication networks. Electrification
incorporates an "Electrification Solutions" unit manufacturing low voltage switchgear and motor
control centers.
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The acquisition of GE Industrial Solutions, which was completed in June 2018, further
strengthened ABB's #2 global position in electrification.[52]
Motion
ABB's Motion business area provides a range of electrical motors, generators, drives and services,
as well as integrated digital powertrain solutions. Motion is the #1 player in the market globally.[77]
In September 2023, it was announced ABB Motion had acquired a minority stake in the
Burlington-headquartered wind turbine analytics software company, WindESCo.
Process automation
The Process Automation business area provides a range of services for process and hybrid
industries, including its industry-specific integrated automation, electrification and digital
services, control technologies, software and advanced services, as well as measurement & analytics,
marine and turbocharging offerings.
Former divisions
Power Grids
The Power Grids business area offered components for the transmission and distribution of
electricity, and incorporated ABB's manufacturing network for transformers, switchgear, circuit
breakers, and associated high voltage equipment such as digital protective relays. It also offered
maintenance services.
A key part of Power Grids' offering were turnkey systems and service for power transmission and
distribution grids and for power plants; this included electrical substations and substation
automation systems, flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS), high-voltage direct current
(HVDC) systems, and network management systems. The division was subdivided into the four
business units High Voltage Products, Transformers, Grid Automation and Grid Integration.
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In 2010, ABB's North American headquarters in Cary, North Carolina, announced a new
partnership with Sensus of Raleigh, North Carolina, to develop technologies to work together on
smart grids.[78]
During 2014, ABB formed a joint venture with Hitachi to provide HVDC system solutions in
Japan.[79]
In December 2018, ABB and Hitachi announced that the latter would take over ABB's entire Power
Grids division in exchange for roughly $6.4 billion. Hitachi officially acquired 80.1% of the
business in July 2020. Initially known as Hitachi ABB Power Grids, the new Hitachi subsidiary
was rebranded as Hitachi Energy in October 2021.[80] The transaction was one of Hitachi's
biggest-ever deals, as it shifted focus to a higher-growth market for electricity networks.[81] Hitachi
acquired the remainder of the company from ABB in 2022.
The first trains produced at either facility under ABB ownership were for an order for 22 three-
carriage Class 320 electric multiple units, built at ABB York for Glasgow's suburban railways in
1990.[87] That same year, ABB York finished an order for five similar four-car Class 322 units for
the new Stansted Express service.[88] Between 1990 and 1991, ABB York built 24 two-car Class 456
third rail trains for Network SouthEast services out of London Waterloo. A further order for 97
four-car Class 465 units was completed at ABB York for Network SouthEast services in and around
Kent between 1991 and 1994.[89] Numerous diesel multiple units were also built at ABB York,
including 76 Class 165 suburban units for Chiltern Main Line and Great Western Main Line
commuter services between 1990 and 1992, followed by 21 Class 166 three-car express units for
longer-distance services out of London Paddington.[90]
After initially focusing its resources on rolling stock refurbishment, the first new trains to roll off
the production line at ABB Derby were the ten two-car Class 482 trains, built for the Waterloo &
City line while it was still under the control of Network SouthEast (since transferred to the London
Underground).[91] In 1995, ABB Derby built 16 four-car Class 325 electric freight multiple units for
the Royal Mail to replace their ageing fleet of parcels carriages.[92] During the mid-1990s, in a bid
to expand their international portfolio, both the Derby and York plants completed a number of
ABB Eurotram light rail vehicles for the Strasbourg tramway in France.[93] Around the same time,
in a further diversification, ABB partnered with Brush Traction to construct the fleet of 46 Class 92
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electric locomotives for hauling freight trains through the Channel Tunnel; ABB were involved in
the design and construction of many components including the traction motors, while final
assembly took place at Brush Works in Loughborough.[94]
The last trains to roll off the production line at ABB York were an order for 41 four-carriage
Class 365 electric multiple units for Connex South Eastern and West Anglia Great Northern
services between 1994 and 1995. Following the privatisation of British Rail, ABB encountered a
decline in train orders, largely due to increased competition from competing manufacturers and no
longer having a monopoly on rolling stock production in the British market. Thus the business was
rationalised; ABB York was closed in 1996 (it would later be reopened as a rail wagon
manufacturing centre by the Thrall Car Manufacturing Company) and all manufacturing activity
was relocated to ABB Derby, the operation of which was transferred to the Adtranz joint venture
between ABB and DaimlerChrysler in 1996.
During 1997, Adtranz unveiled the Class 168 train for Chiltern Railways.[95] The design of the
Class 168 would subsequently be further developed into the Turbostar and Electrostar families of
trains, which in turn became the most successful rolling stock design on post-privatisation British
railways by number of units sold. During 1999, ABB sold its 50% stake in Adtranz to Daimler for
$472 million, thus exiting the rolling stock manufacturing sector.[96] Shortly thereafter, Daimler
sold the Adtranz unit to Bombardier Transportation.[97][98]
Management
During September 2013, Ulrich Spiesshofer was named ABB's CEO, succeeding Joe Hogan.[99]
In August 2019, ABB announced industrial veteran Björn Rosengren would take over as CEO
starting March 2020. Rosengren was then serving as CEO of Swedish mining-equipment giant
Sandvik. In the meantime, ABB Chairman Peter Voser was appointed interim CEO on 17 April
2019, succeeding Ulrich Spiesshofer, who stepped down after five-and-a-half years.[100] Voser was
elected chairman of the board of directors in April 2015[101] and succeeded Hubertus von
Grünberg, who had been chairman since May 2007. Jürgen Dormann was chairman from 2002 to
2007, and Percy Barnevik from 1999 to 2002.
Ownership
The largest single stake in the firm is held by the Swedish investment company Investor AB,
controlled by the Wallenberg family, which holds 12.9%.[4] Activist investor Cevian also holds a
large stake in the company.[102]
In a parallel case, the DOJ fined ABB $315 million to settle criminal charges. ABB had to pay $75
million in civil penalties to settle the SEC's charges.[103] It was fined 4 million Francs by Swiss
authorities.[105] ABB also agreed to repay $104 million to Eskom it was paid in connection with
Kusile.[106]
In January 2024, the United States House Committee on Homeland Security and the United States
House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese
Communist Party announced an investigation into ABB regarding equipment sold to Chinese state-
owned crane manufacturer ZPMC.[107][108]
See also
GREEN Cell Shipping
Legrand
Stromberg (company)
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Further reading
ABB (2005): The Dormann Letters, Jürgen Dormann/ABB Group, Zurich.
Bélanger, Jacques et al. (2001): Being local worldwide: ABB and the challenge of global
management, Cornell University Press, New York. ISBN 0-8014-3650-8.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABB 15/16
4/28/24, 8:44 PM ABB - Wikipedia
Kevin Barham, Claudia Heimer (1998): ABB: the dancing giant – creating the globally
connected corporation. Financial Times, London. ISBN 0-273-62861-5.
External links
Official website (https://global.abb/)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABB 16/16