MATERIAL TESTING  Loading on the structure

 The length of unsupported members

some of the reasons material testing is important:
• Meeting requirements of regulatory
agencies
• Selecting appropriate materials and
treatments for an application
• Evaluating product design or
improvement specifications
• Verifying a production process
I. Tension Test
II. Compression Test
result obtained from a compression force test can be
used in many ways. The following are a few examples:
• To determine the batch quality
• To determine consistency when
manufacturing
• To aid in the design process
 The material strength
 The cross-section size
V. Shear/Torsion Test
What is the importance of shear testing?
 Designing and Manufacturing
 Quality Control
 Safety Assurance
 Product Development and Improvement
 Failure Analysis
 Adhesive and Bonding Evaluation
What are the properties obtained in the shear testing?
 Shear Strength
 Shear Modulus (Rigidity Modulus)
 Ductility
 Toughness
 Strain Hardening Exponent
TYPES OF SHEAR TEST

 Single Shear Test

III. Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
 Double Shear Test
To determine the thermal expansion coefficient, two  Torsion Shear Test
physical quantities: DISPLACEMENT &  Punch Shear Test
TEMPERATURE  Iosipescu Shear Test
There are 3 main techniques on measuring CTE:  Rail Shear Test
 Lap Shear Test
 DILATOMETRY  In-Plane Shear Test
 INTERFEROMETRY  V-Notched Rail Shear Test
 THERMOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS
SHEAR TEST IN ADHESIVES
Why is it important to test the coefficient of thermal
expansion:  Adhesives and Lap Shear Testing
 Single Lap
 PREDICT MATERIAL BEHAVIOR  Double Lap
 DIMENSIONAL STABILITY  Double Butt Lap
 PREVENT STRUCTURAL FAILURE  Bevelled Lap
 QUALITY CONTROL  Joggle Lap
 DESIGN OPTIMIZATION
 PRECISION ENGINEERING MAIN APPLICATIONS OF SHEAR TESTING

Dilatometry is an analytical method that is used to

 Material Selection
measure the thermal characteristics, such as volume
changes and phase transitions, of solid materials.  Structural Engineering
 Adhesive Bonding
Two types of dilatometer:
 Geotechnical Engineering
I. push rod dilatometer  Composite Materials
 Quality Control and Assurance
II. Optical dilatometer
 Material Development and Research
How does thermomechanical analysis work?

 SAMPLE PREPARATION AND SETUP

 FORCE APPLICATION AND
MEASUREMENT
 ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL AND
THERMAL PROPERTIES
IV. Beam Deflection FRACTURE TOUGHNESS & FATIGUE IN
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
What determines the magnitude of deflection in beams?
 10. INTERPRET RESULTS
11. PROVIDE RECOMMENDATIONS
 Fracture refers to the separation of a material
into two or more pieces due to the application of Advantages of Destructive Testing
stress.
 EASY TO PERFORM.
 Ductile Fracture. Ductile materials can undergo
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL
substantial plastic deformation before fracturing.
CAN BE FOUND.
This type of fracture is characterized by slow
 DESTRUCTIVE TESTS ARE DONE ON
crack propagation and significant energy
MATERIAL BEFORE PRODUCTION OR
absorption.
MANUFACTURING.
 A brittle fracture is a breakage or cracking of a  GOOD WAY TO FIND STRENGTH OF
material into discernible parts, from which no WELDING.
deformation can be identified (a clean break).
 Fracture toughness is a measure of a material's FATIGUE TESTING
resistance to crack propagation or fracture under
WHAT CAUSES FATIGUE IN MATERIALS?
the application of stress.
● STRESS AMPLITUDE
Factors Affecting Fracture Toughness
● MATERIAL PROPERTIES
1. Material Composition
2. Temperature ● TEMPERATURE AND ENVIRONMENT
3. Loading Rate
4. Environmental Factors ● DESIGN MODIFICATIONS
5. Microstructure
6. Notch Size and Shape
Applications of Fracture Toughness
• Aerospace Industry
• Structural Engineering
• Material Selection
• Electrical Engineering
Test used for determining Fracture Toughness &
Fatigue
 IMPACT TESTING
 FATIGUE TESTING
 DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
IMPACT TESTING
Configurations used in Impact Testing
 Charpy Impact Test
 IZOD Impact Test
DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
Techniques of Destructive Testing
 BEND TEST
 TENSILE TEST
 COMPRESSION TEST
HOW DESTRUCTIVE TESTING IS
CONDUCTED?
1. Define Testing Goals
2. Select Specimens
3. Set Up Equipment
4. Condition Specimens
5. Apply Load
6. ANALYZE DATA
7. EXAMINE FRACTURED SPECIMEN
8. OBSERVE DEFORMATION
9. MONITOR DATA