SSP

Alexandria University ‫جامعة اإلسكندرية‬

Faculty of Engineering ‫كلية الهندسة‬
Specialized Scientific Programs ‫البرامج العلمية المتخصصة‬
April, 2022 Time allowed:1 hr
Course title: Natural Gas Liquefaction (GPE 522)
I- Mention the following
1- Considerable improvement which can be achieved in simple Joule-Thomson
cycle.
2- The advantages of closed expander cycle over the open expander cycles.
3- Wobbe Index and its importance
4- The main causes of the irreversibility in refrigeration cycles.
5- The volumetric refrigerating capacity and its importance

II-Compare between the following pairs

1- Peak shave and offshore liquefaction plants.
2-Two phase expander and gas expander.

III-Give reasons of the following:

1 –Open expander cycles have turboexpanders as well as J-T valves
2- The share of the international natural gas trade as LNG is expected to
increase in the coming decades.
3- Mixed refrigerant process can accommodate the changes in gas composition,
feed gas throughput, and plant operating pressure.
4- Mercury in feed gas to LNG plant must be removed to a level of 0.01 µg/Nm3
5- Expansion of high-pressure gas to the lower pressure in a reversible or nearly
reversible manner is much better than the J-T expansion.

IV- Draw a simplified cascade refrigeration cycle to liquify natural gas. Illustrate
by using T versus Q diagram how such process be improved to increase its
efficiency. What are the main criteria in selecting each refrigerant for each
refrigeration cycle?

V- Natural gas (mainly methane), leaving the high-pressure separator at 900

psia, is to be expanded to 100 psia. The expander efficiency is 80 percent. The
flow rate is 850 Ib mol /hr. What are the out-gas temperature and the work
performed by the expander? Assume that the vapors entering the expanders are
at (-40F).